identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
553D87E0034AC31DBC5A8076FABC37FB.text	553D87E0034AC31DBC5A8076FABC37FB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Troglostygnopsis Silhavy 1974	<div><p>Genus Troglostygnopsis Šilhavý, 1974</p> <p>Troglostygnopsis Šilhavý, 1974: 182. (type species: Troglostygnopsis anophthalma Šilhavý, 1974, by original designation).</p> <p>Troglostygnopsis – Reddel 1981: 165. — Kury &amp; Cokendolpher 2000: 149. — Kury 2003: 240. — Cruz-López &amp; Francke 2013b: 300; 2015: 828; 2016: 328; 2017: 320; 2018: 1047; 2019b: 226; 2020: 433. — Aguiñaga &amp; Cruz-López 2019: 10. — Cruz-López et al. 2019: 286.</p> <p>Emended diagnosis</p> <p>Troglomorphic members of Stygnopsinae, eyeless, similar condition as Mexotroglinus Šilhavý, 1977, Toojah Cruz-López, in press, Chinquipellobunus madlae (Goodnight &amp; Goodnight, 1967) and Serrobunus paulbryanti Aguiñaga &amp; Cruz-López, 2019. Troglostygnopsis has clear lateral areas on scutum, similar to Panzosus Roewer, 1949, Paramitraceras, Philora, Sbordonia and Toojah; however, Troglostygnopsis can be distinguished from other eyeless genera with lateral projections on scutum by the presence of a dorsal row of large spiniform tubercles on pedipalpal femur; in fact, no other genus of the family whether troglobitic or epigean has this protruding row. Male genitalia have the Paramitraceras -pattern sensu Cruz-López &amp; Francke (2013b): pars distalis tubular, with an apical depression where the follis arises, with many pairs of acute MS C on lateral sides, many pairs of spatulate MS A+B at the base and laterally on the pars distalis, two pairs of MS E, E1 small and in the middle of ventral side, E2 long and external to E1, and one or two pairs of MS D, near the base of follis. Troglostygnopsis can be differentiated from those genera with male genitalia with this pattern (Paramitraceras, Panzosus, Philora and Sbordonia) as follows: ocularium not pointing forward, pedipalps strongly armed with long spiniform setiferous tubercles, and males without glandular ventral tubercles on stigmatic area (in this last character similar to Sbordonia armigera Šilhavý, 1977).</p> <p>Included species</p> <p>Troglostygnopsis anophthalma Šilhavý, 1974 (type species) and Troglostygnopsis kalebi sp. nov.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/553D87E0034AC31DBC5A8076FABC37FB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cruz-López, Jesús A.;Francke, Oscar F.	Cruz-López, Jesús A., Francke, Oscar F. (2021): Revision of the troglomorphic genus Troglostygnopsis Šilhavý, 1974 (Opiliones, Laniatores, Stygnopsidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 735: 74-88, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.735.1241
553D87E0034CC319BC65825DFDC935A5.text	553D87E0034CC319BC65825DFDC935A5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Troglostygnopsis anophthalma Silhavy 1974	<div><p>Troglostygnopsis anophthalma Šilhavý, 1974</p> <p>Figs 1–3</p> <p>Troglostygnopsis anophthalma Šilhavý, 1974: 182.</p> <p>Troglostygnopsis anophthalma – Sbordoni et al. 1974: 32 (nomen nudum). — Reddell 1981: 165. — Rambla &amp; Juberthie 1994: 221. — Kury &amp; Cokendolpher 2000: 149. — Kury 2003: 240. — Cruz- López &amp; Francke 2013b: 303; 2015: 829; 2016: 328; 2020: 435. — Aguiñaga &amp; Cruz-López 2019: 10.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Movable finger of chelicera with three teeth (Fig. 1B), small and wide. Tubercles of leg IV small and scattered; patella with few, small tubercles (Fig. 2B). Penis with one pair of MS D, MS E1 below the level of E2 (Fig 3).</p> <p>Type material (not examined)</p> <p>Holotype MEXICO • ♂; Chiapas, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Grutas de Rancho Nuevo; 2,275 m a.s.l.; 25 Feb. 1971; R. Argano leg.; MCZR.</p> <p>Allotype MEXICO • ♀; same collection data as for holotype; MCZR.</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Topotype MEXICO • 1 ♂, Chiapas, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-92.63833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.736668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -92.63833/lat 16.736668)">San Cristóbal de las Casas</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-92.63833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.736668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -92.63833/lat 16.736668)">Grutas de San Cristóbal</a> [= Grutas de Rancho Nuevo]; 16º44′12″ N, 92º38′18″ W; 20 Jan. 1980; V. Roth leg.; AMNH.</p> <p>Preliminary considerations</p> <p>The holotype was not examined; however, according to several caves studies and maps collected by the Association for Mexican Cave Studies (AMCS, information available at:http://www.mexicancaves.org/) we know that Grutas de Rancho Nuevo are the same as Grutas de San Cristobal; therefore, the male examined here is considered a topotype. This specimen is poorly preserved, without almost all legs, incomplete scutum and broken body. In the present work, we could only illustrate the chelicera, pedipalp, ornamentation of femur and patella IV, and male genitalia in detail. Fortunately, these structures are enough to recognize and diagnose this species. Additionally, Šilhavý (1974) made excellent drawings of dorsal and lateral view of the holotype, which are very clear and informative for taxonomic purposes. Finally, Šilhavý (1974), based on immature stages, mentioned two additional records for T. anophthalma from Cueva de la Golondrina and Cueva del Nacimiento del Río San Antonio, both in Bochil, Chiapas. Due to the specificity in cave habitats in these species, it is necessary to collect adults from those caves to corroborate if they are conspecific with T. anophthalma or represent undescribed species.</p> <p>Redescription</p> <p>Male</p> <p>MEASUREMENTS. Scutum length: 4.9, scutum width: 4.1.</p> <p>CHELICERA (Fig. 1 A–B). Scutum/cheliceral hand ratio: 1.37. Basichelicerite long, with diffuse bulla. Cheliceral hand slightly swollen, fixed finger with six teeth distributed evenly throughout, middle one</p> <p>biggest; movable finger with three scattered teeth, basalmost and middle ones small and triangular, distal one diffuse.</p> <p>PEDIPALPS (Fig. 1 C–D). Measurements: 2.30/1.00/1.75/1.80/1.00. Trochanter globose, with three ventral spiniform tubercles, apical one very large, dorsally with one spiniform tubercle. Femur slightly compressed laterally, with one ventral and one dorsal row of large spiniform tubercles pointing distally, these tubercles uniformly distributed throughout femur, ventral basalmost one most prominent. Patella with few small spiniform tubercles. Tibia with long armature, with relative sizes of three major tubercles (SST) on mesal side 1 = 3&gt; 2, and on ectal margin 3 = 2&gt; 1, on this segment two small setiferous tubercles between SST 1 and 2, and at apical end of the margin. Tarsus with six major tubercles on mesal side (2&gt; 4 = 5&gt; 6&gt; 1 = 3) and five on ectal side (1&gt; 4&gt; 2 = 3 = 5).</p> <p>LEGS (Fig. 2). All segments very long and slender, femur IV longer than scutum. Ornamentation of femur IV composed of small and scattered tubercles forming longitudinal rows, patella covered with few small tubercles.</p> <p>PENIS (Fig. 3). Pars distalis with an apical concavity, lateral and apical margins softly rolled dorsally. Follis rugose, apices of dorsal bilobular projection long and pointed. One pair of small MS D lateral to base of follis, near to lateral margins of pars distalis. Four pairs of acute MS C forming two irregular rows on lateral sides. MS A+B formed by many spatulate setae, on latero-basal portion of pars distalis, some of them on ventral side. MS E composed of two pairs, MS E1 markedly below level of E2.</p> <p>Female Not examined.</p> <p>Distribution</p> <p>Known only from the type locality.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/553D87E0034CC319BC65825DFDC935A5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cruz-López, Jesús A.;Francke, Oscar F.	Cruz-López, Jesús A., Francke, Oscar F. (2021): Revision of the troglomorphic genus Troglostygnopsis Šilhavý, 1974 (Opiliones, Laniatores, Stygnopsidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 735: 74-88, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.735.1241
553D87E0034EC314BC3587B3FDC93388.text	553D87E0034EC314BC3587B3FDC93388.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Troglostygnopsis kalebi	<div><p>Troglostygnopsis kalebi sp. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 46F6E6D4-2D3C-4E8A-B942-3B191904DF8E</p> <p>Figs 4–7</p> <p>Troglostygnopsis sp. CNANOp0050 Cruz-López &amp; Francke 2017: 318.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Movable finger of chelicera with two teeth, low and wide (Fig. 5B). Tubercles of leg IV large and very close each other, patella with many of these tubercles (Fig. 6B). Penis with two pairs of MS D, MS E1 just above the level of E2.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>Patronymic honoring our colleague and friend Kaleb Zárate, an enthusiastic speleologist who has helped us collecting troglomorphic arachnids during several expeditions in southeastern Mexico.</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Holotype MEXICO • ♂; Chiapas, Las Rosas, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-92.318054&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.300554" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -92.318054/lat 16.300554)">Cueva del Ciprés</a>; 16º18′2″ N, 92º19′5″ W; 17 Jun. 2011; O. Francke, J. Cruz-López, R. Monjaraz-Ruedas, G. Contreras and K. Zárate leg.; CNAN-T0850.</p> <p>Paratypes MEXICO • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; male is a DNA voucher CNANOp0050; CNAN-T0851.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Male (based on the holotype)</p> <p>MEASUREMENTS. Scutum length: 5.0, scutum width: 4.2.</p> <p>BODY (Fig. 4). Scutum type zeta ‘ζ’, with both constrictions marked, specially C1, which marks the limits between prosoma and opisthosoma. Lateral margins of the scutum projected in lateral clear areas,</p> <p>large and rounded. Entire dorsum smooth, with few small tubercles in middle of each mesotergal area. Ocularium at the frontal margin of the prosoma, acute, without eyes.</p> <p>CHELICERA (Fig. 5 A–B). Scutum/cheliceral hand ratio: 1.29. Basichelicerite large and smooth, with few small tubercles on ventral and apical regions. Cheliceral hand slightly widened but not swollen. Fixed finger with four teeth distributed evenly throughout, central triangular-shaped. Movable finger with two teeth, one basal and one subterminal, basalmost rounded.</p> <p>PEDIPALPS (Fig. 5 C–E). Measurements: 2.31/1.10/1.80/1.80/1.10.Trochanter globose, with long spiniform setiferous tubercles on ventral and dorsal faces. Femur compressed laterally, armed with dorsal and ventral row of about 10 very large spiniform setiferous tubercles. Additionally, femur with mesal apical spiniform tubercle, near patella. Patella covered with spiniform tubercles on dorsal and mesal faces. Tibia with large main armature, relative sizes of SST on mesal side 1 = 3&gt; 2, and on ectal margin 3 = 2 = 1. Also on tibia three very small tubercles between SST 1, SST 2 and SST 3 on mesal side, and four small ones between SST 1 and SST 2, one between SST2 and SST 3, and one apically. Tarsus with six major tubercles on mesal side (1&gt; 2&gt; 3&gt; 4&gt; 5&gt; 6) and six on ectal side (1&gt; 2&gt; 3&gt; 4&gt; 5).</p> <p>LEGS (Fig. 6). All segments long and slender, legs I–III without armature, ornate only with few disperse small tubercles. Ornamentation of femur IV formed by rounded and acuminate tubercles, which form longitudinal rows along entire femur, patella covered with many tubercles.</p> <p>PENIS (Fig. 7). Pars distalis wide, spoon-shaped. Follis multifolded, apices of dorsal bilobular projection acute, stylus arises from inside. Two pairs of MS D, lateral to base of follis, one pair very small and other formed by large acute MS. Five to six pairs of acute MS C forming curved rows on lateral sides. MS A+B formed by 16–17 spatulate setae, latero-basally to pars distalis. MS E composed of two pairs, MS E1 just above level of E2.</p> <p>Female</p> <p>Very similar to male, without remarkable sexual dimorphism.</p> <p>Distribution</p> <p>Known only from the type locality.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/553D87E0034EC314BC3587B3FDC93388	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cruz-López, Jesús A.;Francke, Oscar F.	Cruz-López, Jesús A., Francke, Oscar F. (2021): Revision of the troglomorphic genus Troglostygnopsis Šilhavý, 1974 (Opiliones, Laniatores, Stygnopsidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 735: 74-88, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.735.1241
