identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
694F9D034D8D55D99F493B9453F61225.text	694F9D034D8D55D99F493B9453F61225.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nemestrinus	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Nemestrinus</p>
            <p> Nemestrinus Latreille, 1802: 437. Type species:  Nemestrinus reticulatus Latreille, 1802: 437. </p>
            <p> Rhynchocephalus Fischer, 1806: 219-220. </p>
            <p> Andrenomyia Rondani, 1850: 189. </p>
            <p> Heminemestrinus Bequaert, 1932: 21. </p>
            <p> Symmictoides Bequaert, 1932: 105. </p>
            <p> Nemestrellus Sack, 1933: 7. </p>
            <p> Nemestrina Rondani, 1850: 189, 197: incorrect subsequent spelling of  Nemestrinus Latreille, 1802 or subsequent usage of  Nemestrina Blanchard, 1845: 468. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Currently there are six species the Egyptian fauna (  N. aegyptiacus ,  N. ater ,  N. exalbidus ,  N. fasciatus , N.  Nemestrinus reticulatus , and  N. rufipes ). The type specimens of  N. jullieni deposited in ESEC have been destroyed by dermestid beetles and the types of the species  N. aegyptiacus and  N. rufipes and the type of  latter’s synonym  N. lateralis are deposited in ZMHB. </p>
            <p> Three species (  N. caucasicus N. pallipes , and  N. persicus ) have been treated as doubtful since there is no evidence of their occurrence in Egypt. This is based on their known distributions as listed in the world catalogue by Bernardi (1973), the Palaearctic catalogue by Richter (1988), and the Systema Dipterorum (Thompson and Pape 2021). Additionally, the type localities of  N. caucasicus and  N. persicus are in the Caucasus, Iran, and Jaffa (Israel) respectively, not in Egypt. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/694F9D034D8D55D99F493B9453F61225	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	El-Hashash, Arafa Elsayed;Badrawy, Haitham Badrawy Mousa;Ibrahim, Ayman Mohyie-Eldin	El-Hashash, Arafa Elsayed, Badrawy, Haitham Badrawy Mousa, Ibrahim, Ayman Mohyie-Eldin (2021): A review of tangle-veined flies (Nemestrinidae, Diptera) in Egypt. ZooKeys 1071: 11-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1071.70743, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1071.70743
0EEB72E0CDFF5F6C9304805465207152.text	0EEB72E0CDFF5F6C9304805465207152.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nemestrinus aegyptiacus Wiedemann 1828	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Nemestrinus aegyptiacus Wiedemann, 1828</p>
            <p>Figures 1, 4-13, 14-22</p>
            <p> Nemestrinus aegyptiacus Wiedemann, 1828: 249. </p>
            <p> Nemestrinus tripolitana Lichtwardt, 1907: 443. </p>
            <p> Nemestrinus jullieni Efflatoun, 1925: 357. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Nemestrinus aegyptiacus : Syntype female, without date, Egypt (ZMHB) (pers. comm., Mr. Sven Marotzke).  Nemestrinus jullieni : Type W. Hoff 29°53'02.6"N, 31°18'42.2"E, 15.iii.1922, Helwan 29°50'37.6"N, 31°19'05.0"E, 20.iii.1925; Lectotype male "W. Hoff 29°53'02.6"N 31°18'42.2"E, 23.iii.1922", Egypt (formerly ESEC, destroyed by dermestid beetles). </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p>
                 N. aegyptiacus : Burg El-Arab 30°54'12.7"N, 29°33'13.7"E, 25.iii.1927 (1 f#), 25.iii.1934 (1 m #); Helwan 29°50'37.6"N, 31°19'05.0"E, 17.iii.1934 (1 f#), 16.iii.1935 (1 f#); W. dar El Maskhara 29°47'02.9"N, 31°24'59.9"E, 11.iv.1927 (1 f#); W. Garawi 29°47'43.9"N 31°25'54.9"E, 22.iii.1930 (1 f#), 31.iii.1930 (1 m #); W. Hoff 29°53'02.6"N, 31°18'42.2"E, 10.iii.1930 (2 m #) (AZUC); Abu Rawash 30°04'30.7"N, 31°11'59.7"E, 7.iii.1955 (9 m #), 8.iii.1955 (3 m # &amp; 1 f#), 13.iii.1955 (4 m # &amp; 3 f#), 17.iii.1955 (5 m # &amp; 4 f#), 20.iii.1955 (2 m # &amp; 5 f#);  Giza 30°00'40.0"N, 31°11'31.4"E, 22.iii.1954 (1 m #) ,  17.v.1955 (1 m #) ; Helwan 29°50'37.6"N, 31°19'05.0"E, 17.iii.1934 (1 m #),  20.iii.1934 (1 m #) , 3.iv.1934 (1 f#); Ogret El-Sheik 29°52'50.1"N, 31°18'27.8"E, 25.ii.1927 (1 m #); W. Garawi 29°47'43.9"N 31°25'54.9"E, 25.iii.1932 (1 f#); W. Rishrash 29°27'51"N, 31°22'2"E, 29.iii.1935 (1 f#); W. Silly Helwan 29°50'37.6"N, 31°19'05.0"E, 19.iii.1926 (1 f#); Ain Mousa 29°52'22.0"N, 32°39'00.7"E, 16.iii.1925 (2 f#) (CUC);  Asyut (Lentil) 27°23'00.0"N, 31°44'38.0"E, 3.iii.1965 (2 m # &amp; 6 f#) ; Ogret El-Sheik 29°52'50.1"N, 31°18'27.8"E, 21.iii.1926 (2 f#); Burg El-arab 30°54'12.7"N, 29°33'13.7"E, 25.iii.1927 (1 m #),  9.iii.1928 (1 m #) ; Kafr Hakim 30°04'39.7"N, 31°06'46.3"E, 24.iii.1924 (1 m #); Gerga (Eg. Lupia) 26°20'23.2"N, 31°53'21.3"E, 2.iv.1965 (2 f#); W. Hoff 29°53'02.6"N, 31°18'42.2"E, 21.iii.1922 (1 f#), 22.iii.1927 (1 m #); W. Morrah 22°22'39.1"N, 33°46'00.3"E, 25.iii.1921 (1 m #); W. Silly Helwan 29°50'37.6"N, 31°19'05.0"E, 23.iii.1926 (1 m #), 25.iii.1927 (2 f#) (MAC); Abu Mena 30°50'28"N, 29°39'49"E, 15.iii.1953 (1 m #),  8.iv.1954 (3 m #) ; Gabal Asfar 30°12'05.7"N 31°21'19.7"E, 9.iii.1951 (1 f#), 19.iii.1951 (1 f#); Kerdasa 30°01'32.1"N, 31°06'27.5"E, 14.iv.1951 (1 f#), 20.iii.1952 (1 f#) (ASUC); (1 m #),   without data (NHMW) sent by Dr. Peter Sehnal; Egypt (1 f#), without date, (ZMHB) sent by Mr. Sven Marotzke and Bernhard Schurian; Cairo,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.24833/lat 30.074213)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.24833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.074213">Shoubra</a>
                 , 30°4'27.1632"N, 31°14'53.9844"E, 28.iii.1921 (1 m #)  ,   specimen number USNMENT01371555 (USNM) (identified by  Dr. Torsten Dikow )  . 
            </p>
            <p>
                  Specimens previously identified as  N. julieni :  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.199915/lat 30.075195)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.199915&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.075195">Abu Rawash</a>
                 30°04'30.7"N, 31°11'59.7"E, 7.iii.1955 (1 m #)  ,  8.iii.1955 (1 m #) , 13.iii.1955 (1 m #);   
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.553804/lat 30.903528)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.553804&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.903528">Burg El-Arab</a>
                 30°54'12.7"N, 29°33'13.7"E, 25.iii.1934 (4 m # &amp; 4 f#)  ;   W.  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.431915/lat 29.795527)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.431915&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.795527">Garawi</a>
                 29°47'43.9"N, 31°25'54.9"E, 25.iii.1932 (2 f#), 21.iii.1930 (1 f#)  ;   W.  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.311722/lat 29.884056)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.311722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.884056">Hoff</a>
                 29°53'02.6"N, 31°18'42.2"E, 28.ii.1927 (1 m #)  ;   W.  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.516695/lat 29.883307)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.516695&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.883307">Um Elek</a>
                 29°52'59.9"N, 31°31'00.1"E, 21.iii.1924 (1 f#) (CUC)  ;   
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.650196/lat 29.872778)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.650196&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.872778">Ain Mousa</a>
                 29°52'22.0"N, 32°39'00.7"E, 16.iii.1925 (2 f#)  ;   Asyut (  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.743889/lat 27.383333)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.743889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.383333">Lentil</a>
                 ) 27°23'00.0"N, 31°44'38.0"E, 3.iii.1965 (1 m # &amp; 2 f#)  ;   
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.553804/lat 30.903528)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.553804&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.903528">Burg El-Arab</a>
                 30°54'12.7"N, 29°33'13.7"E, 14.iv.1920 (1 m #)  ,  16.ii.1922 (1 f#), 12.iv.1923 (1 f#), 11.iv.1925 (1 m #) , 18.iv.1925 (1 f#);   
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.112862/lat 30.077696)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.112862&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.077696">Kafr Hakim</a>
                 30°04'39.7"N, 31°06'46.3"E, 20.iv.1925 (1 f#)  ;   W.  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.431915/lat 29.795527)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.431915&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.795527">Garawi</a>
                 29°47'43.9"N, 31°25'54.9"E, 14.iv.1928 (1 f#)  ;   W.  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.516695/lat 29.883307)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.516695&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.883307">Morrah</a>
                 22°22'39.1"N, 33°46'00.3"E, 25.iii.1927 (1 f#), W. Silly Helwan 29°50'37.6"N, 31°19'05.0"E, 19.iii.1926 (2 f#), 22.iii.1926 (1 f#), W. Um Elek 29°52'59.9  ’’ N, 31°31'00.1"E, 21.iii.1924 (1 f#) (MAC)  ;   
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 34.277443/lat 26.107279)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=34.277443&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.107279">Kosseir</a>
                 26°06'26.2"N, 34°16'38.8"E, 24.ii.1965 (1 m #)  ;   W.  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.328112/lat 29.983362)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.328112&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.983362">Digla</a>
                 29°59'00.1"N, 31°19'41.2"E, 5.iv.1952 (1 f#), 13.iii.1955 (1 m #)  ;   W.  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.244223/lat 30.432833)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.244223&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.432833">Natroun</a>
                 30°25'58.2"N, 30°14'39.2"E, 13.iii.1955 (3 f# &amp; 1 m #), (2 m # &amp; 1 f#), without data (ASUC)  . 
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            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Frons and face entirely yellow or grayish pollinosity; thorax completely shiny black with yellowish hairs; wing with many small cells restricted between R2 and hind margin; abdomen entirely black with short erect hairs. Male genitalia with only outer gonocoxal process; gonocoxal apodemes long, narrow, sinuate, fused medially and forming a narrow dorsal bridge; gonostyli wider than gonocoxal processes, ventrally with a cleft and small projection. Aedeagal complex with tapered aedeagus and lateral parameres, which are usually separated apically, fused with basal part of the aedeagus; parameral apodeme rather long; ejaculatory apodeme long and broad.</p>
            <p>Redescription.</p>
            <p>Length: male body 14-17 mm, wing 13.5-15 mm. Female body 14-20 mm, wing 13.5-16.5 mm. Head wider than thorax; frons with yellow or grayish yellow pollinosity, with rather long hairs, at antennal elevation frons wide but narrowing toward vertex; face relatively shorter than high, with dull pollinosity, its hairs similar to those of the frons (Figs 4-6, 14-16); antenna entirely blackish brown to black, scape and pedicel with long hairs (Figs 7, 17). Thorax shiny black; mesonotum with dense pale yellow hairs but rather long; pleurae with tuft-like hairs. Leg hairy, yellowish brown with black femora. Wing smoky brown, except apex and posterapical margin clear and transparent (Figs 8, 18). The differences in cell number and structure on the wing is continuous variation and inconsistently different between males and females. Abdomen entirely shiny black, covered with yellowish pubescence except the venter is blackish, which is rather short and erect, excluding dorsal side of two basal segments and on lateral margins of second segment where it is much longer and tufted, also on hind margin of each segment appear as narrow light bands (Figs 9, 19). Male genitalia with only outer gonocoxal process; gonocoxal apodemes long, narrow, sinuate, fused medially, and forming a narrow dorsal bridge; gonostyli wider than gonocoxal processes, ventrally with a cleft and small projection (Figs 10, 11). Aedeagal complex with tapered aedeagus and lateral parameres, which are usually separated apically, fused with basal part of aedeagus; parameral apodeme rather long; ejaculatory apodeme long and broad (Figs 12, 13). Female genitalia with subgenital plate rectangular with two hairy lobes (Fig. 20); genital furca free, narrow, with broadened ends of posterior projections, bent medially; median aperture of genital furca nearly triangular (Fig. 21); uterus rounded, with two narrow and rather long spermathecae (Fig. 22).</p>
            <p>Local distribution.</p>
            <p>Coastal strip, Lower Nile.</p>
            <p>Geographical distribution.</p>
            <p>Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Italy (Sicily), and Tunisia (Sack 1933; Bernardi 1973; Richter 1988).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> After examining the female type specimen of  Nemestrinus aegyptiacus (Fig. 1) and comparing it with a large series of specimens identified as  Nemestrinus jullieni Efflatoun (some specimens were by seen by him but it is not clear who determined the identification), we confirm this identification, and it is clear that both are the same species. Hence,  N. julieni is placed as a synonym instead of a subspecies based on examination of the series of specimens and dissections of genitalia of both  N. aegyptiacus and  N. julieni and the female type specimen of  N. aegyptiacus , and comparisons with the genitalia figures of  Bernardi’s (1973: figs 54-56)  N. aegyptiacus . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0EEB72E0CDFF5F6C9304805465207152	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	El-Hashash, Arafa Elsayed;Badrawy, Haitham Badrawy Mousa;Ibrahim, Ayman Mohyie-Eldin	El-Hashash, Arafa Elsayed, Badrawy, Haitham Badrawy Mousa, Ibrahim, Ayman Mohyie-Eldin (2021): A review of tangle-veined flies (Nemestrinidae, Diptera) in Egypt. ZooKeys 1071: 11-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1071.70743, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1071.70743
17E3DAE858AD552887EE75237EB709EE.text	17E3DAE858AD552887EE75237EB709EE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nemestrinus ater Olivier 1811	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Nemestrinus ater Olivier, 1811</p>
            <p>Figures 23-32, 33-41</p>
            <p> Nemestrinus ater Olivier, 1811: 171. </p>
            <p> Nemestrinus abdominalis Olivier, 1811: 171. Syn. nov. </p>
            <p> Nemestrinus nigra Wiedemann, 1828: 560. </p>
            <p> Nemestrinus osiris Wiedemann, 1828: 561. </p>
            <p> Nemestrina fascifrons Bigot, 1888: 8. Syn. nov. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Egypt.</p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p>
                  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.199915/lat 30.075195)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.199915&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.075195">Abu Rowash</a>
                 30°04'30.7"N, 31°11'59.7"E, 24.ii.1926 (1 f#)  ,  26.ii.1927 (1 f#) ;   
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 34.238335/lat 31.284166)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=34.238335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.284166">Rafah</a>
                 31°17'03.0"N, 34°14'18.0"E, 25.iv.1921 (1 f#)  ;   W.  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.431915/lat 29.795527)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.431915&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.795527">Garawi</a>
                 29°47'43.9"N, 31°25'54.9"E, 31.iii.1930 (1 f#) (AZUC)  ;   W.  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.431915/lat 29.795527)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.431915&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.795527">Garawi</a>
                 29°47'43.9"N, 31°25'54.9"E, 22.iii.1930 (1 f#)  ,  31.iii.1930 (1 f#) (CUC) ;   
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.06036/lat 31.311777)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.06036&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.311777">Abu Qir</a>
                 31°18'42.4"N, 30°03'37.3"E, 26.iii.1915 (1 f#); (Noaman Bey)   Alexandria 31°10'03.5"N, 29°51'56.2"E, (1 f#, without date);  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.81036/lat 31.125555)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.81036&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.125555">Dekheila</a>
                 31°07'32.0"N, 29°48'37.3"E, 4.iii.1928 (1 f#)  ;   
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.81036/lat 31.125555)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.81036&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.125555">Dekheila Mariut</a>
                 31°07'32.0"N, 29°48'37.3"E, 24.v.1925 (1 f#)  ;   
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.553804/lat 30.903528)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.553804&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.903528">Burg El-Arab</a>
                 30°54'12.7"N, 29°33'13.7"E, 19.iv.1928 (1 f#)  ;   
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.199915/lat 30.075195)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.199915&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.075195">Gabal Abu Rowash</a>
                 30°04'30.7"N, 31°11'59.7"E, 13.ii.1924 (1 f#)  ;  19.iii.1924 (1 f#) ;   
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.112862/lat 30.077696)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.112862&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.077696">Kafr Hakim</a>
                 30°04'39.7"N, 31°06'46.3"E, 24.iii.1925 (1 f#)  ,  20.iii.1926 (1 f#) ;   
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.147749/lat 29.96814)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.147749&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.96814">Mansouriah</a>
                 29°58'05.3"N, 31°08'51.9"E, 4.iii.1934 (2 f#)  ;   
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.553804/lat 30.903528)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.553804&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.903528">Burg El-Arab</a>
                 30°54'12.7"N, 29°33'13.7"E, 18.iv.1925 (1 f#)  ;   
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.261778/lat 31.184471)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.261778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.184471">Marsa Matrouh</a>
                 31°11'04.1"N, 27°15'42.4"E, 17.iii.1933 (2 f#)  ;   
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.549946/lat 29.969334)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.549946&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.969334">Suize</a>
                 29°58'09.6"N, 32°32'59.8"E, 5.iv.1927 (1 f#)  ;  Sinai N.E. 31°15'49.4"N, 34°10'15.8"E, 19.iv.1928 (1 f#) ;   W.  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.318056/lat 29.843779)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.318056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.843779">Silly Helwan</a>
                 29°50'37.6"N, 31°19'05.0"E, 22.iii.1926 (1 f#) (MAC)  ;   
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.199915/lat 30.075195)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.199915&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.075195">Abu Rawash</a>
                 30°04'30.7"N, 31°11'59.7"E, 26.iii.1952 (1 f#)  ;   
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.355473/lat 30.201584)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.355473&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.201584">Gabal Asfar</a>
                 30°12'05.7"N, 31°21'19.7"E, 9.iii.1951 (1 f#)  ;   
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.381916/lat 31.045305)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.381916&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.045305">Mansoura</a>
                 31°02'43.1"N, 31°22'54.9"E, 2.iii.1955 (1 f#)  ;   
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.147749/lat 29.96814)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.147749&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.96814">Mansouriah</a>
                 29°58'05.3"N, 31°08'51.9"E, 12.iii.1952 (1 f#)  ;   
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.014833/lat 30.077723)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.014833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.077723">Pyramids</a>
                 30°04'39.8"N, 31°00'53.4"E, 12.iii.1951 (1 f#)  ;   W.  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.244223/lat 30.432833)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.244223&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.432833">Natroun</a>
                 30°25'58.2"N, 30°14'39.2"E, 2.iv.1951 (1 f#)  (ASUC). 
            </p>
            <p> Specimens previously identified as  N. fascifrons : Abu Rowash 30°04'30.7"N, 31°11'59.7"E, 6.ii.1926 (2 m #); Helwan 29°50'37.6"N, 31°19'05.0"E, 18.iii.1927 (1 m #), 7.iii.1930 (1 m #); Mansouriah 29°58'05.3"N, 31°08'51.9"E, 18.ii.1926 (1 m #); Mariut 31°08'32.5"N, 29°54'10.5"E, 5.iv.1921 (1 m #); W. Garawi 29°47'43.9"N, 31°25'54.9"E, 22.iii.1930 (1 m #), 31.iii.1930 (1 f#); W. Morrah 22°22'39.1"N, 33°46'00.3"E, 26.iii.1927 (1 m #) (AZUC); Kafr Hakim 30°04'39.7"N, 31°06'46.3"E, 20.iii.1926 (1 m #); Mansouriah 29°58'05.3"N, 31°08'51.9"E, 13.ii.1926 (1 m #), 2.iii.1927 (1 m #); W. Garawi 29°47'43.9"N, 31°25'54.9"E, 22.iii.1930 (1 m #), 31.iii.1930 (2 m #) (CUC); Dekheila 31°07'32.0"N, 29°48'37.3"E, 4.ii.1928 (2 m #), 4.iii.1928 (1 m #); Burg El-Arab 30°54'12.7"N, 29°33'13.7"E, 19.iv.1923 (1 m #); Kerdasa 30°01'32.1"N, 31°06'27.5"E, 15.ii.1923 (1 m #), 10.ii.1925 (1 m #); Mansouriah 29°58'05.3"N, 31°08'51.9"E, 13.ii.1926 (1 m #), 6.iii.1926 (1 m #); Burg El-Arab 30°54'12.7"N, 29°33'13.7"E, 27.iv.1923 (1 m #), 18.iv.1925 (5 m #); (Six Towers) Suize Road 29°59'45.9"N, 32°29'34.4"E, 26.iii.1926 (1 m #); Gabal Asfar 30°12'05.7"N, 31°21'19.7"E, 9.iii.1951 (1 m #); Mansoura 31°02'43.1"N, 31°22'54.9"E, 2.iii.1955 (1 m #) (ASUC). </p>
            <p> Specimens previously identified as  N. abdominalis : Egypt (1 f#), without date, specimen number USNMENT01371553 (USNM) (previously identified by W. Wirth as  N. abdominalis but as  N. ater by Dr. Torsten Dikow using our key). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Frons shiny black with a transverse white band; wing with small cells extending forward from R1 to hind margin; abdomen orange with longitudinal black vitta in male but entirely black in female.</p>
            <p>Redescription.</p>
            <p>Length: male body 10-16 mm, wing 9-15 mm. Female body 14-21 mm, wing 10-13 mm. Male: Frons shiny black with transverse white band; face rather short, snout-like, sides with grayish yellow pollinosity (Figs 23-25). Antenna blackish and pollinose (Fig. 26).</p>
            <p>Thorax black or blackish brown, with blackish to yellowish brown hairs, pleurae with long and dense black hairs; leg blackish or dark yellow; claws well developed; pulvilli almost rudimentary. Wing blackish brown, but apex and postero-apical margin pale brown; wing with many small cells extend forward from R1 to hind margin (Fig. 27). Abdomen short, wide, reddish to orange with longitudinal black strip that is narrow posteriorly and sometimes absent at apex (Fig. 28). Male genitalia with gonocoxite having two processes, inner process short and slender, whereas the outer process is longer, thicker and subapically curved; gonostyli longer than the inner gonocoxal processes but shorter than the outer one, with subapical cleft and small projection (Figs 29, 30); aedeagus free, narrow distally and fused proximally with parameres; parameres slightly sinuate; parameral apodeme a long, while aedeagal tine is short; ejaculatory apodeme slender and narrow (Figs 31, 32). Female. Similar as male (Figs 33-37), except: eyes widely separated more than in male. Abdomen entirely black or at least with reddish black lateral margins (Fig. 38). Head in male slightly wider than thorax but in female narrower than thorax. Female genitalia with quadrate subgenital plate, bilobed distally (Fig. 39); genital furca with furcated arms and serrated laterally (Fig. 40); uterus small, with terminal accessory process; spermathecal ducts narrow and long with oval medium spermathecae (Fig. 41).</p>
            <p>Local distribution.</p>
            <p>Coastal strip, Lower Nile.</p>
            <p>Geographical distribution.</p>
            <p>Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, Israel, Spain, and Tunisia (Sack 1933; Bernardi 1973; Richter 1988).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Nemestrinus abdominalis and  N. fascifrons are newly synonymized with  N. ater . The earlier works of Lichtwardt (1909, 1919), Villeneuve (1912), and Bequaert (1938) suggested that  N. ater ,  N. abdominalis , and  N. fascifrons were closely related to each other based on Egyptian, Tunisian, and Palestinian material. We observed that  N. ater has sexually dimorphic abdominal color. We also discovered that all the specimens previously identified by Efflatoun as  N. fascifrons are males and we confirm these identifications. We also confirm that all the specimens that were previously identified by the same author as  N. ater are females and confirmed by us as  N. fascifrons . The two  “species” of Efflatoun were captured from approximately the same locality and time of year by the same collector, i.e., "Efflatoun collected males at W. Garawi on 22.iii.1930 and 31.iii.1930 and females at W. Garawi on 22.iii.1930 and 31.iii.1930"; both are deposited in the Cairo University collection. We observed the sexual dimorphism and regard them as representing the same species. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/17E3DAE858AD552887EE75237EB709EE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	El-Hashash, Arafa Elsayed;Badrawy, Haitham Badrawy Mousa;Ibrahim, Ayman Mohyie-Eldin	El-Hashash, Arafa Elsayed, Badrawy, Haitham Badrawy Mousa, Ibrahim, Ayman Mohyie-Eldin (2021): A review of tangle-veined flies (Nemestrinidae, Diptera) in Egypt. ZooKeys 1071: 11-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1071.70743, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1071.70743
F362BA444E6354EFBC333B743528D59D.text	F362BA444E6354EFBC333B743528D59D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nemestrinus exalbidus (Lichtwardt 1907)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Nemestrinus exalbidus (Lichtwardt, 1907)</p>
            <p>Figures 42-51, 52-60</p>
            <p> Nemestrina exalbidus Lichtwardt, 1907: 441. Type locality: Israel (Jerusalem). </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p>W. Dar El-Maskhara 29°47'02.9"N, 31°24'59.9"E, 12.iv.1930 (1 f#); W. Hodein South Eastern Desert 23°5'14'"N, 35°19'45"E, 17.iii.1928 (1 m #); W. Hoff 29°53'02.6"N, 31°18'42.2"E, 12.iv.1921 (1 f#), 24.iii.1930 (1 m #); W. Zohleiga 26°07'59.9"N, 33°45'00.0"E, 27.iii.1925 (1 f#) (AZUC); Abu Rowash 30°04'30.7"N, 31°11'59.7"E, 16.iii.1927 (1 f#); Ogret El-Sheikh 29°52'50.1"N, 31°18'27.8"E, 31.iii.1926 (1 f#); W. Hoff 29°53'02.6"N, 31°18'42.2"E, 24.iii.1930 (1 m #); W. Rishrash 29°27'51"N, 31°22'2"E, 29.iii.1935 (7 m # &amp; 4 f#) (CUC); Ogret El-Sheikh 29°52'50.1"N, 31°18'27.8"E, 14.iii.1927 (1 m #); W. Hoff 29°53'02.6"N, 31°18'42.2"E, 30.iii.1928 (1 m #); W. Zohleiga 26°07'59.9"N, 33°45'00.0"E, 25,29. iii.1925 (1 f#) (MAC); Etaka 29°26'19.1"N, 32°28'07.2"E, 22.ii.1951 (1 f#), 26.iii.1951 (1 m #); Kerdasa 30°01'32.1"N, 31°06'27.5"E, 14.iv.1951 (3 f#); Mansouriah 29°58'05.3"N, 31°08'51.9"E, 25.iv.1957 (1 m #); W. Kaber 23°26'29"N, 25°50'23"E, 1.iv.1994 (1 f#) (ASUC).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Frons covered with dense gray pollinosity except shiny black oval callus below ocellar triangle; wing hyaline, except slightly brownish along anterior margin, with a few small cells extending forward from R2+3 to M1 or M2. Abdomen orange or reddish with longitudinal median black vitta.</p>
            <p>Redescription.</p>
            <p>Length: male body 14-17 mm, wing 12.5-14.5 mm. Female body 18 mm, wing 15.5 mm. Head shiny black with white hairs; frons covered with dense gray pollinosity except shiny black oval callus below ocellar triangle; face rather conical (Figs 42-44, 52-54). Thorax shiny black with dense whitish hairs laterally and a few dorsally. Leg orange, but femora black. Wing hyaline, except pale brownish anterior margin, with just a few small cells extending forward from R2+3 to M1 or M2 (Figs 46, 56). The differences in cell number and structure on the wing is continuous variation and inconsistently different between males and females. Abdomen orange or reddish with longitudinal black median vitta; base of abdomen covered with dense, short, yellowish gray hairs, lateral margins of subsequent segments with dense white hairs; venter of abdomen entirely orange (Figs 47, 57). Gonocoxite with only inner gonocoxal process, tapered apically (Figs 48, 49); distiphallus narrow; parameral apodeme rather short, aedeagal tine narrow and curved, forming semicircle, pointed distally; ejaculatory apodeme distally broader (Figs 50, 51). Female differentiated from male by the eyes that are more dichoptic. Female genitalia with rectangular subgenital plate, excavated proximally to approx. 1/2 length of plate (Fig. 58); genital furca with small genital aperture, between projections with broad ends, and curved posteromedially with small curve on upper and lower margins (Fig. 59); uterus large and flatted, spermathecae long (Fig. 60).</p>
            <p>Local distribution.</p>
            <p>Eastern Desert, Lower Nile.</p>
            <p>Geographical distribution.</p>
            <p>Egypt, Iran, and Israel (Sack 1933; Bernardi 1973; Richter 1988).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F362BA444E6354EFBC333B743528D59D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	El-Hashash, Arafa Elsayed;Badrawy, Haitham Badrawy Mousa;Ibrahim, Ayman Mohyie-Eldin	El-Hashash, Arafa Elsayed, Badrawy, Haitham Badrawy Mousa, Ibrahim, Ayman Mohyie-Eldin (2021): A review of tangle-veined flies (Nemestrinidae, Diptera) in Egypt. ZooKeys 1071: 11-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1071.70743, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1071.70743
2EA43BCE8DBE556791C8B55725DED1DE.text	2EA43BCE8DBE556791C8B55725DED1DE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nemestrinus fasciatus (Olivier 1811)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Nemestrinus fasciatus (Olivier, 1811)</p>
            <p>Figures 61-70, 71-79</p>
            <p> Nemestrina fasciata Olivier, 1811: 171-172. Type locality: Egypt. </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p>Burg El-Arab 30°54'12.7"N, 29°33'13.7"E, 6.v.1926 (1 m #); Burg El-Arab, 2.v.1921 (10 m #) (AZUC); Burg El-Arab 30°54'12.7"N, 29°33'13.7"E, 5.v.1926 (1 f#) (CUC); Burg El-Arab 30°54'12.7"N, 29°33'13.7"E, 10.v.1927 (1 m #), 19.iv.1928 (6 m # &amp; 6 f#); King Mariut 30°57'27.2"N, 29°38'51.0"E 14.iv.1915 (1 m #), 23.v.1925 (1 m #); Burg El-Arab 30°54'12.7"N, 29°33'13.7"E, 2.v.1924 (1 f#) (MAC); Max 31°09'50.5"N, 29°51'47.7"E, 21.iv.1952 (1 f#) (ASUC).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Frons and face with dense whitish hairs and pollinose; inner ends of transverse suture with two white spots; wing hyaline with brownish base, veins yellowish, without additional small cells; abdomen black with transverse white bands, slightly curved medially; gonocoxite with inner and outer processes, the inner tapered apically, outer slightly curved subapically; gonostyli broader than gonocoxal processes with broad subapical projection; aedeagal complex narrow, aedeagus slightly broader distally.</p>
            <p>Redescription.</p>
            <p>Length: male body 13-16.5 mm, wing 1-12 mm. Female) body 12-19.5 mm, wing 1-13 mm.</p>
            <p>Head triangular in profile, ventrally with dense, short, whitish hairs; frons and face with dense whitish hairs and pollinosity (Figs 61-63, 71-73); antenna distinctly jointed, stylus is brown (Figs 64, 74). Thorax slightly shiny black; inner parts of transverse suture with two white spots; scutellum and mesonotum with grayish yellow hairs; pleurae with long white hairs. Leg with blackish femora covered with whitish hairs; tibiae and tarsi brown with brownish red hairs; pulvilli orange, nearly as long as claws. Wing hyaline with brownish infuscate base; veins yellowish, without additional small cells (Figs 65, 75). Abdomen black with transverse white bands, whi slightly curved medially; basal segments with long yellowish hairs but subsequent segments with white hairs; venter of abdomen with dense white hairs that fold on the lateral margins (Figs 66, 76). Gonocoxite with inner and outer processes, inner tapered apically, outer slightly curved subapically; gonostyli broader than gonocoxal processes with broad projection subapically (Figs 67, 68); aedeagal complex narrow, aedeagus slightly broader apically (Figs 69, 70).</p>
            <p>Female: eyes separated in both sexes but considerably broader than in male at vertex; genitalia with sub-rectangular subgenital plate (Fig. 77); genital furca narrower anteriorly with four incurved posterolateral projections (Fig. 78); uterus with terminal accessory process; spermathecae rather long (Fig. 79).</p>
            <p>Local distribution.</p>
            <p>Coastal strip.</p>
            <p>Geographical distribution.</p>
            <p>Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Israel, and Syria (Sack 1933; Bernardi 1973; Richter 1988).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2EA43BCE8DBE556791C8B55725DED1DE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	El-Hashash, Arafa Elsayed;Badrawy, Haitham Badrawy Mousa;Ibrahim, Ayman Mohyie-Eldin	El-Hashash, Arafa Elsayed, Badrawy, Haitham Badrawy Mousa, Ibrahim, Ayman Mohyie-Eldin (2021): A review of tangle-veined flies (Nemestrinidae, Diptera) in Egypt. ZooKeys 1071: 11-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1071.70743, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1071.70743
12D5534BBDDB5096ABBFE58113D7A687.text	12D5534BBDDB5096ABBFE58113D7A687.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nemestrinus reticulatus Latreille 1802	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Nemestrinus reticulatus Latreille, 1802</p>
            <p>Figures 80-85</p>
            <p> Nemestrinus reticulatus Latreille, 1802: 437. Type locality: not given but according to Latreille (1809: 307), it is Egypt and Syria. </p>
            <p> Rhynchocephalus latreillei Fischer, 1812: 195. </p>
            <p> Nemestrina cinctus Macquart, 1840: 16. </p>
            <p> Nemestrina kindermanni Bischof, 1905: 172. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Frons with shiny yellow or black spot below ocelli; mesonotum with two gray spots at inner ends of the transverse suture, between them there is a thin longitudinal stripe; wing hyaline in posterior 1/2 and apex but brownish on anterior 1/2 and slightly infuscate at base; wing with small cells that extend forward from R2 to hind margin; abdomen gray, matte, with incomplete transverse black stripes; tergite II bears shiny black spots divided in the middle by a transverse longitudinal gray strip; black spots on tergites III-V more or less fused into bands with an emargination along the posterior margin; on tergite III, gray emargination varies from very deep to nearly absent; abdominal venter with dense gray pollinosity, the second sternite with central black spot.</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Length: body 14-15 mm. Head black with dense gray pollinosity and whitish hairs; frons with shiny yellow or black spot below ocelli, in male frons at vertex nearly as wide as eye width (Figs 80, 83), while in female nearly twice as eye width (Fig. 81); antenna with orange scape and pedicel, first flagellomere brown to blackish brown with some gray pollinosity (Fig. 82), basal two segments of stylus subequal in length and segment III 2/3  × longitudinal eye diameter; palpi yellow or brown with black apices. Thorax pale black with yellowish white or grayish white hairs, but longer and denser on scutellum and pleurae; mesonotum with two gray spots at inner ends of transverse suture and between them is a thin longitudinal stripe. Leg rusty red; in females, only hind tarsi blackish or hind leg entirely blackish; in males, all femora black; hind tibiae and tarsi blackish. Wing hyaline over posterior 1/2 and at apex, but somewhat brown over anterior 1/2 and slightly infuscate at base; wing with small cells that extend forward from R2 to hind margin (Fig. 85). Abdomen gray, matte, with incomplete transverse black stripes; tergite II with shiny black spots divided in the middle by a transverse longitudinal gray strip; black spots on tergites III-V are more or less fused into bands with an emargination along the posterior margin; on tergite III, gray emargination varies from very deep to nearly absent; abdominal venter with dense gray pollinosity, sternite II with black central spot (Fig. 84). </p>
            <p>Local distribution.</p>
            <p>Unknown.</p>
            <p>Geographical distribution.</p>
            <p>Armenia, Egypt, Greece, Russia (Caucasus), Saudi Arabia, Syria, and Turkey (Sack 1933; Bernardi 1973).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p>This species is not represented in Egyptian collections nor in the field. We include the species here and in the key below as it has been recorded from Egypt (Sack 1933 &amp; Bernardi 1973 &amp; Richter 1988); future research might reveal its presence in this part of Africa.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/12D5534BBDDB5096ABBFE58113D7A687	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	El-Hashash, Arafa Elsayed;Badrawy, Haitham Badrawy Mousa;Ibrahim, Ayman Mohyie-Eldin	El-Hashash, Arafa Elsayed, Badrawy, Haitham Badrawy Mousa, Ibrahim, Ayman Mohyie-Eldin (2021): A review of tangle-veined flies (Nemestrinidae, Diptera) in Egypt. ZooKeys 1071: 11-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1071.70743, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1071.70743
BA0266A803365757B4F4871B85C75DC9.text	BA0266A803365757B4F4871B85C75DC9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nemestrinus rufipes (Olivier 1811)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Nemestrinus rufipes (Olivier, 1811)</p>
            <p>Figures 1, 2, 86-95, 96-104</p>
            <p> Nemestrina rufipes Olivier, 1811: 171. </p>
            <p> Nemestrina lateralis Wiedemann, 1828: 560. </p>
            <p> Nemestrina ruficornis Macquart, 1840: 15. Syn. nov. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Nemestrinus rufipes : Type male,  “Aegypten” , Egypt (ZMHB) (pers. comm. Mr. Sven Marotzke).  Nemestrina lateralis : Type female,  “Aegypten” , Egypt (ZMHB) (pers. comm. Mr. Sven Marotzke). </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p>
                  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 33.76675/lat 22.377527)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=33.76675&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.377527">Ezbet El-Nakhl</a>
                 30°08'22.6"N, 31°19'27.8"E, 20.iv.1921 (1 m # &amp; 3 f#); Helwan 29°50'37.6"N, 31°19'05.0"E, 8.iv.1932 (2 f#); W. Morrah 22°22'39.1"N, 33°46'00.3"E, 26.iii.1927 (1 m #) (AZUC)  ;   
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.199915/lat 30.075195)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.199915&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.075195">Abu Rawash</a>
                 30°04'30.7"N, 31°11'59.7"E, 13.iii.1955 (3 m # &amp; 4 f#), 17.iii.1955 (1 m #)  ;   
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.10764/lat 30.025583)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.10764&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.025583">Kerdasa</a>
                 30°01'32.1"N, 31°06'27.5"E, 11.iv.1926 (1 m #)  ;   
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.192055/lat 30.01111)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.192055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.01111">Giza</a>
                 30°00'40.0"N, 31°11'31.4"E, 7.v.1955 (1 m #)  ,  2.iii.1927 (1 m #) ;   
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.318056/lat 29.843779)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.318056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.843779">Helwan</a>
                 29°50'37.6"N, 31°19'05.0"E, 8.iv.1932 (2 f#), 3.iv.1934 (1 m # &amp; 3 f#), 8.iv.1934 (6 f#), 17.iii.1934 (1 f#), 17.iv.1934 (1 f#), 23.iv.1935 (3 f#)  ;   W.  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.431915/lat 29.795527)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.431915&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.795527">Garawi</a>
                 29°47'43.9"N, 31°25'54.9"E, 31.iii.1930 (1 f#) (CUC)  ;   
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.199915/lat 30.075195)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.199915&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.075195">Abu Rawash</a>
                 30°04'30.7"N, 31°11'59.7"E, 11.iv.1925 (1 m #)  , 17.iv.1925 (2 m # &amp; 1 f#), 3.iv.1926 (1 m # &amp; 1 f#), 12.iii.1936 (1 f#), 4.iv.1961 (3 f#); (Noaman Bey)   
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.865612/lat 31.167639)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.865612&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.167639">Alexandria</a>
                 31°10'03.5"N, 29°51'56.2"E, (1 f#, without date)  ;   
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.743889/lat 27.383333)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.743889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.383333">Assyut</a>
                 27°23'00.0"N, 31°44'38.0"E, 2.iv.1917 (1 f#)  ;   
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.083334/lat 29.066668)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.083334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.066668">Bent Suef</a>
                 29°04'N, 31°05'E, iii.1965 (1 m #)  ;   
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.928888/lat 25.544832)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.928888&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.544832">Dakhla Mout</a>
                 25°32'41.4"N, 28°55'44.0"E, 17.iii.1934 (1 m #)  ;   
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.159445/lat 30.010471)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.159445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.010471">El-Mallah</a>
                 30°00'37.7"N, 31°09'34.0"E, 14.v.1927 (1 m #)  ;   
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 34.028862/lat 30.653)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=34.028862&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.653">Gabal El-Halal</a>
                 30°39'10.8"N, 34°01'43.9"E, 25.iv.1924 (1 m # &amp; 1 f#)  ;   Gabal El-Sanadiq , 5.iv.1934 (1 f#)  ; 12.iv.1924 (1 m #);   
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.112862/lat 30.077696)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.112862&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.077696">Kafr Hakim</a>
                 30°04'39.7"N, 31°06'46.3"E, 7.iv.1924 (1 m #)  ,  14.iv.1925 (1 m #) , 20.iv.1925 (1 m # &amp; 1 f#);   
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.147749/lat 29.96814)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.147749&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.96814">Mansouriah</a>
                 29°58'05.3"N, 31°08'51.9"E, 28.iv.1926 (1 f#), 4.iii.1934 (1 m #)  ;   Marg , 1.iv.1923 (1 f#)  ;   
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.261778/lat 31.184471)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.261778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.184471">Marsa Matrouh</a>
                 31°11'04.1"N, 27°15'42.4"E, 19.i.1933 (1 m #)  ,  17.iii.1933 (1 m #) , 1.iv.1961 (1 f#);   W.  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.431915/lat 29.795527)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.431915&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.795527">Garawi</a>
                 29°47'43.9"N, 31°25'54.9"E, 3.iii.1925 (1 f#)  ;   W.  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.516695/lat 29.883307)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.516695&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.883307">Um Elek</a>
                 29°52'59.9"N, 31°31'00.1"E, 28.iii.1918 (1 f#)  ;   W.  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 33.75/lat 26.133307)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=33.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.133307">Zohleiga</a>
                 26°07'59.9"N, 33°45'00.0"E, 25-29.iii.1925 (1 f#) (MAC)  ;   W.  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.328112/lat 29.983362)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.328112&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.983362">Digla</a>
                 29°59'00.1"N, 31°19'41.2"E, 5.iv.1952 (1 m #) (ASUC)  .   Aegypten (1 m # &amp; 1f#), without date (ZMHB) sent by Mr. Sven Marotzke and Bernhard Schurian  ;   
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.3484/lat 30.1543)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.3484&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.1543">Dakahlia</a>
                 , Mansuriya 31.1656° N, 31.4913°E 31.iii.1964 (1 m # &amp; 1 f#) specimen numbers: male: USNMENT01371563, female: USNMENT01371564, Cairo, Marg 30.1543°N, 31.3484°E (1 f#), without date, specimen number USNMENT01371561 (USNM) (identified by Dr. Torsten Dikow)  . 
            </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Frons covered with dense orange yellow pollinosity except with shiny blackish brown transverse oval callus below dark orange ocellar triangle; wing with yellowish brown band in the middle, but clear in apical part and along posterior margin; wing with small cells extending forward from R2 to M1 or M2. Abdomen orange to reddish orange with longitudinal black median vitta; first tergite entirely black, tergite II on anterior margin with transverse white band. Gonocoxite with inner process slightly tapered; gonostyli longer than gonocoxal process, curved subapically with small projection; aedeagus fused proximally with parameres and separated distally, parameres and aedeagus with small indentations distally in lateral view.</p>
            <p>Redescription.</p>
            <p>Length: male body13.5-18.5 mm, wing 11.5-16 mm. Female body 14-21 mm, wing 12-17.5 mm. Head short, wider than thorax; frons covered with dense orange-yellow pollinosity except with shiny blackish brown transverse oval callus (Figs 86-88, 96-98); face shiny brownish orange with short yellow hairs; antenna orange (Figs 89, 99); proboscis black, as long as thorax, upper surface of base with short yellow hairs; palpi orange. Thorax shiny black with yellow hairs, longer and denser on the sides and in front; mesonotum with indistinct spots at inner ends of transverse suture. Leg orange, coxae and base of femora somewhat brown, pulvilli light yellow and nearly 1/2 length of claw. Wing with yellowish brown band in the middle, but clear apically and along posterior margin; wing with small cells extending forward from R2 to M1 or M2 (Figs 90, 100). Halter brown with light yellow pedicel. Abdomen orange to reddish orange with longitudinal black median vitta; tergite I entirely black, tergite II with transverse white band; abdomen with short and golden yellow hairs but longer laterally; abdominal venter orange and with black lateral margins (Figs 91, 101). Gonocoxite with inner process slightly tapered; gonostyli longer than gonocoxal process, curved subapically with small projection (Fig. 93); aedeagus fused proximally with parameres and separated distally, parameres and aedeagus with small indentations distally in lateral view (Figs 94, 95). Female genitalia: rectangular subgenital plate with large curve (Fig. 102); genital furca with large aperture surrounded by narrow and slightly curved posterolaterally projections (Fig. 103); uterus with small terminal accessory; spermathecae nearly as long as the uterus (Fig. 104).</p>
            <p>Local distribution.</p>
            <p>Coastal strip, Lower Nile, Upper Nile, Sinai.</p>
            <p>Geographical distribution.</p>
            <p>Algeria, Egypt, and Syria (Sack 1933; Bernardi 1973; Richter 1988).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Bernardi (1973) and Richter (1988) considered  N. rufipes and  N. ruficornis to be valid species but, in contrast, Lichtwardt (1909) and Bequaert (1938) synonymized the two. We agree with this decision based on a comparison of the original description of  N. ruficornis (no material was examined) with the male type specimen of  N. rufipes (Fig. 2) and the female type specimen of  N. lateralis (Fig. 3), both in ZMHB, in addition to both sexes of many old Egyptian specimens of  N. rufipes . Thus, we confirm that  N. rufipes and  N. ruficornis are conspecific and the first is the valid name, and  Nemestrinus ruficornis is here synonymized with  N. rufipes . </p>
            <p>List of doubtful species.</p>
            <p> In the present study, three species are treated as doubtful and are excluded from the list of Egyptian  Nemestrinidae :  Nemestrinus caucasicus ,  Nemestrinus pallipes , and  Nemestrinus persicus . </p>
        </div>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BA0266A803365757B4F4871B85C75DC9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	El-Hashash, Arafa Elsayed;Badrawy, Haitham Badrawy Mousa;Ibrahim, Ayman Mohyie-Eldin	El-Hashash, Arafa Elsayed, Badrawy, Haitham Badrawy Mousa, Ibrahim, Ayman Mohyie-Eldin (2021): A review of tangle-veined flies (Nemestrinidae, Diptera) in Egypt. ZooKeys 1071: 11-42, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1071.70743, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1071.70743
