identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
C25D7BF4D6605B17B2D590A04CF0E69D.text	C25D7BF4D6605B17B2D590A04CF0E69D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lecanora parasymmicta B. G. Lee & J. - S. Hur 2021	<div><p>Lecanora parasymmicta B.G. Lee &amp; J.-S. Hur sp. nov.</p> <p>Fig. 6</p> <p>Diagnosis.</p> <p>Lecanora parasymmicta differs from L. symmicta, the most similar species, by its areolate-rimose thallus (vs. areolate to leprose thallus), blackish hypothallus (vs. hypothallus indistinct), larger apothecia (up to 1.7 mm diam. vs. up to 1 mm diam.), absence of thalline excipulum from the beginning (vs. presence of thalline excipulum when young at least), narrower paraphyses (1-1.5 μm vs. 2-2.5 μm), larger ascospores (11-18 × 4-7 μm vs. 9-15.5 × 4-5 μm), smaller pycnoconidia (12-21 × 0.5-0.8 μm vs. 18-25 × 0.5-1.0 μm), chemical reactions (thallus K ± slightly yellow, C-, KC- and UV- vs. K-, C ± orange, KC ± slightly yellow, UV+ dull orange), and the presence of placodiolic acid (vs. presence of arthothelin and ± thiophanic acid).</p> <p>Type.</p> <p>South Korea, Jeju Island, Aewol-eup, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=126.4485&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.364166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 126.4485/lat 33.364166)">Gwangnyeongri</a> /bongseongri, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=126.4485&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.364166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 126.4485/lat 33.364166)">Mt. Halla</a>, a forested wetland, 33°21.85'N, 126°26.91'E, 980 m alt., on bark of Maackia fauriei (H. Lév.) <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=126.4485&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.364166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 126.4485/lat 33.364166)">Takeda</a>, 08 July 2020, B.G.Lee &amp; H.J.Lee 2020-001020, with Graphis scripta (L.) Ach. (holotype: BDNA-L-0001220; GenBank MW832794 for ITS and MW832800 for mtSSU); same locality, on bark of Malus sieboldii (Regel) <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=126.4485&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.364166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 126.4485/lat 33.364166)">Rehder</a>, 08 July 2020, B.G.Lee &amp; H.J.Lee 2020-001018, (paratype: BDNA-L-0001218; GenBank MW832793 for ITS and MW832799 for mtSSU); same locality, on bark of Malus sieboldii, 08 July 2020, B.G.Lee &amp; H.J.Lee 2020-001019, with Phaeographis aff. inusta (paratype: BDNA-L-0001219); same locality, on bark of Maackia fauriei, 08 July 2020, B.G.Lee &amp; H.J.Lee 2020-001026, (paratype: BDNA-L-0001226); same locality, on bark of Maackia fauriei, 08 July 2020, B.G.Lee &amp; H.J.Lee 2020-001035, with Lecanora megalocheila (Hue) H. Miyaw. (paratype: BDNA-L-0001235; GenBank MW832795 for ITS and MW832801 for mtSSU); same locality, on bark of Ligustrum obtusifolium Siebold &amp; Zucc., 08 July 2020, B.G.Lee &amp; H.J.Lee 2020-001036, with Graphis scripta (paratype: BDNA-L-0001236).</p> <p>Description.</p> <p>Thallus corticolous, crustose, areolate to rimose but not leprose, light olivish gray to light gray, margin determinate, not pruinose, 60-200 μm thick; cortex hyaline, 5-10 μm thick; medulla often intermixed with algae and even with bark layer, small crystals in cortex or between algae, dissolving in K; photobiont coccoid, cells globose to ellipsoid, 5-15 μm. Hypothallus blackish.</p> <p>Apothecia abundant, rounded, often contiguous or even coalescent, emerging on the surface of thallus and sessile when mature but margin generally attached to thallus surface, constricted at the base, 0.3-1.7 mm diam. Disc flat in the beginning and soon convex, smooth or becoming rugose by apothecia adjoining, not pruinose or slightly pruinose, pale yellow in the beginning and slightly darker when mature, sometimes with dark spots (algae), 180-400 μm thick; biatorine. Thalline excipulum absent from the beginning, proper excipulum present and sometimes slightly paler than disc, more distinctive when young, hyaline but yellowish brown to pale brown at periphery with granules which dissolving in K, periphery color same to epihymenium, ca. 90 μm wide laterally and 70-80 μm wide at periphery, disappearing to the base. Epihymenium yellowish brown to pale brown, granular, dissolving in K, 10-20 μm high. Hymenium hyaline, 70-90μm high. Subhymenium hyaline, 30-50 μm high. Hypothecium hyaline, prosoplectenchymatous (irregular), 50-60 μm high. Crystals and oil droplets absent in apothecial section. Paraphyses septate, anastomosing, 1-1.5 μm wide, simple or branched at tips, tips not swollen or slightly swollen, not pigmented, epihymenium pigmented by granules, not by paraphysial tips, ca. 1.5 μm wide. Asci clavate, 8-spored, 50-60 × 13-21 μm (n = 7). Ascospores constantly simple but rarely 1-septate, coarsely biseriate or irregularly arranged, 11-18 × 4-7 μm (mean = 13.8 × 5.8 μm; SD = 1.62(L), 0.63(W); L/W ratio 1.8-4.0, ratio mean = 2.4, ratio SD = 0.3; n = 105). Pycnidia immersed, ostiolar region slightly projected with a thalline excipulum, round to irregularly asymmetric, brown to black, 220 × 180 μm. Pycnoconidia thread-like, generally curved, 12-21 × 0.5-0.8 μm.</p> <p>Chemistry.</p> <p>Thallus K- or K+ slightly yellowish, KC-, C-, Pd-. Hymenium, epihymenium and ascus tholus I+ blue. UV-. Usnic acid, zeorin, and placodiolic acid were detected by TLC.</p> <p>The morphological and chemical characteristics for several species close to the new species are referenced mainly from the previous literature. All information on the new species is measured from type specimens (BDNA-L-0001218, BDNA-L-0001220, and BDNA-L-0001235) in this study. Particularly the asci of the closest species, Lecanora symmicta, was not described from the previous literature and the asci and the ascospores for the species are measured from selected specimens (BDNA-L-0000547, BDNA-L-0000548, and BDNA-L-0000551) in this study, represented with asterisk marks(*).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology.</p> <p>The species occurs on the bark of Ligustrum obtusifolium, Maackia fauriei, and Malus sieboldii. The species is currently known from the type collections.</p> <p>Etymology.</p> <p>The species epithet indicates the lichen’s morphological similarity to the close species Lecanora symmicta.</p> <p>Notes.</p> <p>The new species is morphologically similar to Lecanora symmicta in its areolate and gray thallus, yellowish apothecia without developed thalline excipulum, yellowish brown epihymenium filled with pigmented granules which dissolving in K, and the presence of conidia. However, the new species differs from L. symmicta by its areolate-rimose thallus, blackish hypothallus, larger apothecia, absence of thalline excipulum from the beginning, narrower paraphyses, larger asci, larger ascospores, smaller pycnoconidia, chemical reaction, and the presence of placodiolic acid (Brodo et al. 2001; Nash III et al. 2004; Smith et al. 2009).</p> <p>The new species is comparable to Lecanora aitema (Ach.) Hepp, L. confusa, and L. strobilina in the L. symmicta group as all those are corticolous without soredia or leprose thallus. However, the new species differs from L. aitema by olive-gray to gray thallus, blackish hypothallus, larger and paler apothecia, absence of thalline excipulum from the beginning, larger asci, wider ascospores, chemical reaction, presence of placodiolic acid, and the substrate preference to deciduous trees/shrubs (vs. conifers) (Smith et al. 2009).</p> <p>The new species is different from Lecanora confusa by the absence of thalline excipulum from the beginning, larger asci, larger ascospores, chemical reaction, and the presence of placodiolic acid (Nash III et al. 2004; Smith et al. 2009).</p> <p>The new species is distinguished from Lecanora strobilina by olive-gray to gray thallus without pruina, presence of black hypothallus, absence of thalline excipulum from the beginning, yellow-brown epihymenium, absence of crystals in apothecial section, larger asci, larger ascospores, smaller pycnoconidia, chemical reaction, and the presence of placodiolic acid (Brodo et al. 2001; Smith et al. 2009). Molecular phylogeny strongly supports that the new species is distinct in the L. symmicta group without any species close to it, illustrating the compared species above are located in different clades far from the new species (Figs 2 and 3). Reference Table 2 provides the key characteristics distinguishing L. parasymmicta from the closely related species in the L. symmicta group above.</p> <p>All above compared species do not contain placodiolic acid and Lecanora species with placodiolic acid, such as L. placodiolica Lumbsch &amp; Elix, L. cinereofusca H. Magn., L. sarcopidoides (A. Massal.) Hedl., L. subravida Nyl., L. semitensis (Tuck.) Zahlbr. and L. opiniconensis Brodo, are considered for discriminating the new species. Lecanora placodiolica differs from the new species by yellowish thallus, absence of hypothallus, presence of thalline excipulum, and darker (red-brown) discs (Lumbsch and Elix 1998). Lecanora cinereofusca belongs to the L. subfusca group with large crystals, and L. sarcopidoides and L. subravida are the members of the L. saligna group with presence of thalline excipulum and smaller ascospores (Van den Boom and Brand 2008). They are quite different from the new species in morphology although they produce placodiolic acid. Lecanora semitensis differs from the new species by yellowish thallus, darker (dark grayish brown to yellow) discs, presence of thalline excipulum, smaller ascospores (8-12 × 4-5 μm), and the substrate preference to rock other than bark of trees (Nash III et al. 2004). Lecanora opiniconensis represents yellowish thallus composed of lobate areoles, absence of hypothallus, presence of thalline excipulum, absence of zeorin, and the substrate preference to siliceous rock other than bark of trees (Brodo 1986).</p> <p>Lecanora symmicta specimens examined.</p> <p>South Korea, Gangwon Province, Gangneung, Seongsan-myeon, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.7055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.766666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.7055/lat 37.766666)">Eoheul-ri</a>, a forested wetland, 37°43.61'N, 128°48.13'E, 212 m alt., on bark of Alnus sibirica Fisch. ex Turcz., 02 June 2020, B.G.Lee &amp; H.J.Lee 2020-000347, with Lecanora strobilina, Lecidella euphorea (Flörke) Kremp., Traponora varians (Ach.) J. Kalb &amp; Kalb (BDNA-L-0000547; GenBank MW832788 for ITS); same locality, on bark of Alnus sibirica, 02 June 2020, B.G.Lee &amp; H.J.Lee 2020-000348, two variants (one with pale brown discs and the other with yellow discs) of Lecanora symmicta with Lecidella euphorea, Rinodina sp., Traponora varians (BDNA-L-0000548; GenBank MW832789 for ITS of the former variant and GenBank MW832790 for ITS of the latter); same locality, on bark of Alnus sibirica, 02 June 2020, B.G.Lee &amp; H.J.Lee 2020-000351, two above variants of Lecanora symmicta with Traponora varians (BDNA-L-0000551; GenBank MW832791 for ITS); Pyeongchang-gun, Daegwallyeong-myeon, Hoenggye-ri, a forested wetland, 37°46.00'N, 128°42.33'E, 1,047 m alt., on bark of Maackia amurensis Rupr. &amp; Maxim., 03 June 2020, B.G.Lee &amp; H.J.Lee 2020-000442, with Buellia disciformis (Fr.) Mudd, Buellia sp., Catillaria nigroclavata (Nyl.) J. Steiner, Lecanora megalocheila, Lecidella euphorea, Rimularia cf. caeca, Rinodina sp. (BDNA-L-0000642; GenBank MW832792for ITS).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C25D7BF4D6605B17B2D590A04CF0E69D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Lee, Beeyoung Gun;Hur, Jae-Seoun	Lee, Beeyoung Gun, Hur, Jae-Seoun (2021): Two new lecanoroid lichen species from the forested wetlands of South Korea, with a key for Korean Protoparmeliopsis species. MycoKeys 84: 163-183, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.84.70798, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.84.70798
5EE7451BE6BE59378A82EAD240ADDC78.text	5EE7451BE6BE59378A82EAD240ADDC78.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protoparmeliopsis crystalliniformis B. G. Lee & J-. S. Hur 2021	<div><p>Protoparmeliopsis crystalliniformis B.G. Lee &amp; J-.S. Hur sp. nov.</p> <p>Fig. 7</p> <p>Diagnosis.</p> <p>Protoparmeliopsis crystalliniformis differs from P. ertzii by thallus color (grayish white to white vs. pale beige to ochraceous), flat to concave disc (vs. flat to convex disc), paler disc color (pale brown to dark brown vs. deep reddish brown), longer ascospores (8.5-17 × 4.2-7 μm vs. 9.4-11.3 × 5.3-6.6 μm), chemistry (thallus K+ yellow, and the presence of atranorin and rhizocarpic acid vs. all spot tests negative and no substance), and the substrate preference (sandstone or basalt vs. exposed lava).</p> <p>Type.</p> <p>South Korea, South Jeolla Province, Sinan, Ja-Eun Island, a wetland just nearby coast, 34°55.96'N, 126°04.30'E, 5 m alt., on rock (sandstone), 16 April 2020, B.G.Lee &amp; D.Y.Kim 2020-000149, with Ramalina yasudae Räsänen, Xanthoparmelia coreana (Gyeln.) Hale (holotype: BDNA-L-0000349; GenBank MW832797 for ITS, MW832803 for mtSSU, and MW832822 for LSU); same locality, on rock (sandstone, not calcareous), 16 April 2020, B.G.Lee &amp; D.Y.Kim 2020-000151, with Buellia spuria (Schaer.) Anzi, Ramalina yasudae, Xanthoparmelia coreana (paratype: BDNA-L-0000351).</p> <p>Description.</p> <p>Thallus saxicolous, areolate to squamulose, linearly or web-like dispersed following furrows of substrate, not forming a rosette, pale grayish white to white, margin indeterminate, not pruinose, 100-450 μm thick; cortex pale brown, 10-20 μm thick; medulla below algal layer, 30-50 μm (sometimes 150-200 μm) thick; algal layer 50-80 μm thick, small crystals in cortex or between algal cells, dissolving but remaining in K; photobiont coccoid, cells globose to ellipsoid, 5-15 μm. Hypothallus absent.</p> <p>Apothecia abundant, rounded, often contiguous or even coalescent, emerging on the surface of thallus and sessile when mature, constricted at the base, 0.3-1.7 mm diam. Disc flat or slightly concave, crenulate or entire, smooth or becoming rugose by apothecia adjoining, not pruinose, pale brown to dark brown from the beginning, 250-350 μm thick; lecanorine. Thalline excipulum persistent or rarely excluded, concolorous to thallus, 125-160 μm laterally, 80-150 μm at periphery, cortex inconspicuous, concolorous to epihymenium or slightly paler, up to 5 μm, with small and large crystals, small crystals dissolving but remaining in K, large crystals not dissolving in K. Proper excipulum inconspicuous. Epihymenium brown to pale brown, with tiny granules, granules and pigments dissolving in K, 10-20 μm high. Hymenium hyaline, 80-100μm high. Subhymenium hyaline, 30-50 μm high. Hypothecium hyaline, prosoplectenchymatous (irregular), 100-150 μm high. Oil droplets present in hymenium to upper hypothecium. Paraphyses septate, anastomosing, 1-1.5 μm wide, generally simple or occasionally branched at tips, tips not swollen or slightly swollen, not pigmented, 1.5-2 μm wide. Asci narrowly clavate, 8-spored, 40-65 × 10-12 μm (n = 6). Ascospores simple and often biguttulate in the beginning then having an oval-shaped oil drop by assembly of guttules when mature, ellipsoid to narrowly ellipsoid, rarely globose, 8.5-17 × 4.2-7 μm (mean = 11.8 × 5.5 μm; SD = 1.9(L), 0.6(W); L/W ratio 1.4-3.1, ratio mean = 2.2, ratio SD = 0.4; n = 102). Pycnidia not detected.</p> <p>Chemistry.</p> <p>Thallus K+ yellow, KC-, C-, Pd-. Hymenium I+ blue. UV-. Atranorin and rhizocarpic acid were detected by TLC.</p> <p>The morphological, chemical and ecological characteristics for several species close to the new species are referenced mainly from the previous literature. All information on the new species is measured from selected specimens (BDNA-L-0000298, BDNA-L-0000349, and BDNA-L-0000351) in this study.</p> <p>Distribution and ecology.</p> <p>The species occurs on the rock (sandstone or basalt) nearby coast. The species is currently known from two localities in the southern coast of South Korea.</p> <p>Etymology.</p> <p>The species epithet indicates the insoluble large crystals present in the thalline excipulum of the lichen.</p> <p>Notes.</p> <p>The new species is morphologically similar to Protoparmeliopsis ertzii in having insoluble large crystals in the thalline excipulum and the absence of usnic acid, which are the key characteristics distinguishing them from all other species in the genus Protoparmeliopsis. However, the new species differs from P. ertzii by whitish thallus, flat to concave disc, paler disc color, longer ascospores, chemical reaction, presence of atranorin and rhizocarpic acid, and the substrate preference (Bungartz et al. 2020).</p> <p>The new species is compared with P. bipruinosa and P. nashii as those are closest to the new species in molecular results (Figs 4 and 5). However, the new species differs from P. bipruinosa by whitish thallus, absence of pruina, presence of large crystals, and the presence of atranorin and rhizocarpic acid (Nash III et al. 2004).</p> <p>The new species is different from P. nashii by whitish thallus, absence of pruina, presence of large crystals, and the presence of atranorin and rhizocarpic acid (Nash III et al. 2004). Reference Table 3 provides specific characteristics distinguishing P. parasymmicta from closely related species above in Protoparmeliopsis.</p> <p>Additional specimens examined.</p> <p>South Korea, South Jeolla Province, Goheung, Yeongnam-myeon, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.497&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.617" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.497/lat 34.617)">Ucheon-ri</a>, a coastal area, 34°37.02'N, 127°29.82'E, 31 m alt., on rock (basalt), 14 April 2020, B.G.Lee 2020-000098, with Caloplaca bogilana Y. Joshi &amp; Hur, Circinaria caesiocinerea (Nyl. ex Malbr.) A. Nordin, Savić &amp; Tibell, Pertusaria flavicans Lamy (BDNA-L-0000298; GenBank MW832796 for ITS, MW832802 for mtSSU, and MW832821 for LSU); same locality, on rock (basalt), 14 April 2020, B.G.Lee 2020-000099, with Buellia sp., Circinaria caesiocinerea (BDNA-L-0000299); same locality, on rock (basalt), 14 April 2020, B.G.Lee 2020-000100, with Buellia aff. nashii (BDNA-L-0000300); same locality, on rock (basalt), 14 April 2020, B.G.Lee 2020-000102, with Buellia sp., Caloplaca bogilana, Circinaria caesiocinerea, Endocarpon maritimum Y. Joshi &amp; Hur, Parmotrema grayanum (Hue) Hale (BDNA-L-0000302); same locality, on rock (basalt), 14 April 2020, B.G.Lee 2020-000103, with Circinaria caesiocinerea, Endocarpon maritimum, Pertusaria flavicans (BDNA-L-0000303); same locality, on rock (basalt), 14 April 2020, B.G.Lee 2020-000105, with Buellia aff. nashii, Circinaria caesiocinerea, Pertusaria flavicans (BDNA-L-0000305); same locality, on rock (basalt), 14 April 2020, B.G.Lee 2020-000107, with Xanthoparmelia mexicana (Gyeln.) Hale (BDNA-L-0000307); same locality, on rock (basalt), 14 April 2020, B.G.Lee 2020-000108, with Caloplaca bogilana, Endocarpon maritimum, Pertusaria flavicans (BDNA-L-0000308); same locality, on rock (basalt), 14 April 2020, B.G.Lee 2020-000110, with Buellia aff. nashii, Buellia sp., Lecanora oreinoides (Körb.) Hertel &amp; Rambold (BDNA-L-0000310).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5EE7451BE6BE59378A82EAD240ADDC78	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Lee, Beeyoung Gun;Hur, Jae-Seoun	Lee, Beeyoung Gun, Hur, Jae-Seoun (2021): Two new lecanoroid lichen species from the forested wetlands of South Korea, with a key for Korean Protoparmeliopsis species. MycoKeys 84: 163-183, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.84.70798, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.84.70798
