taxonID	type	description	language	source
E80635D7273A59B78BED44574B3C4762.taxon	description	Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas, Gattolliat, Jean-Luc (2021): A new genus from Madagascar with strongly enlarged labium (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae). African Invertebrates 62 (2): 465-484, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.73911, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.73911
E80635D7273A59B78BED44574B3C4762.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Nymph. This new genus is distinguished by the combination of the following characters: A) body rather short and stocky (Fig. 1); B) base of antennae close to each other, with rather broad carina between them (Fig. 2 a); C) pedicellus with many long, stout, pointed setae (Fig. 3 a); D) labrum rather small, lateral margins straight, distal margin largely V-shaped; dorsal surface with one long, submedian seta and submarginal arc of setae restricted to a few simple setae (Fig. 3 b); E) both mandibles with brush of medium, fine setae between prostheca and mola (Fig. 3 c, f); F) hypopharynx with large, medial tuft of stout setae (Fig. 4 a); G) maxillary palp 2 - segmented (Fig. 4 b); H) labium with strongly enlarged mentum (Fig. 2 b-d); glossae basally broad, narrowing toward apex, shorter than paraglossae; inner ventrolateral margin of glossae with a row of long, simple setae, close to ventrolateral margin with a row of very long, simple setae, apically with some very robust, long, curved setae; stout paraglossae, slightly curved inward, apex with three rows of stout, pectinate setae; labial palps segment II without distolateral protuberance, segment III slightly pentagonal (Fig. 4 d, e); I) forelegs with a row of long, spine-like setae on dorsal margin of femur; femoral patch absent on all legs; patellotibial suture absent on foreleg and present on middle and hind legs; claw strongly elongated, pointed, with two rows of numerous, minute denticles (Fig. 5 a, b); J) posterior margin of abdominal tergites with triangular spines, lateral margins without spines (Fig. 6 a).	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas, Gattolliat, Jean-Luc (2021): A new genus from Madagascar with strongly enlarged labium (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae). African Invertebrates 62 (2): 465-484, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.73911, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.73911
E80635D7273A59B78BED44574B3C4762.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Megalabiops is an arbitrary combination of letters with allusion to the Greek words mega and iops, and the Latin word labium. Megalab - is with reference to the strongly enlarged labium and - iops with reference to the Baetidae which look and move like small fishes. The gender is feminine.	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas, Gattolliat, Jean-Luc (2021): A new genus from Madagascar with strongly enlarged labium (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae). African Invertebrates 62 (2): 465-484, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.73911, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.73911
E80635D7273A59B78BED44574B3C4762.taxon	description	Description. Nymph. (Figs 1 - 7). Body. Short and stocky (Figs 1, 2). Head. Antenna (Figs 2 a, 3 a). Antennae bases close to each other, with broad carina between them. Pedicellus with many long, stout, pointed setae; scapus bare. Labrum (Fig. 3 b). Rather small, lateral margins straight and distal margin largely V-shaped, wider than long; on dorsal surface with one submedian, long, simple seta and submarginal arc of setae restricted to few simple setae; on ventral margin anterolaterally and medially with a row of long, fine setae. Right mandible (Fig. 3 c, d, e). Incisor and kinetodontium cleft, kinetodontium with distinct denticles; inner margin of innermost denticle without a row of thin setae; prostheca stick-like, apicolaterally denticulate; margin between prostheca and mola with brush of abundant, medium, fine setae. Left mandible (Fig. 3 f, g, h). Incisor and kinetodontium partially cleft, kinetodontium with distinct denticles; prostheca robust, apically with denticles and comb-shaped structure; margin between prostheca and mola with brush of abundant, medium, fine setae; mola slightly reduced in size. Hypopharynx (Fig. 4 a). Lingua rather broad and expanded, with large dorsomedial tuft of stout setae. Maxilla (Fig. 4 b, c). Apically with three canines and three denti-setae; distal denti-seta tooth-like, closely attached to canines, following same direction as canines, other denti-setae slender, bifid and pectinate; maxillary palp 2 - segmented, apically pointed and with stout seta at the tip. Labium (Figs 2 b-d, 4 d, e). Mentum strongly enlarged (long, very thick). Glossae basally broad, narrowing toward apex, shorter than paraglossae; inner ventrolateral margin with row of long, simple setae and close to inner margin with row of very long, simple setae; apically with some very robust, long, curved setae. Paraglossae broad, slightly curved inward, with convex outer margin; apically with three rows of long, stout, pectinate setae. Labial palps long, segment II without distolateral protuberance, segment III almost pentagonal, distal margin straight, lateral margin curved. Thorax. Hind protoptera well developed. Foreleg (Fig. 5 a, b). Femur stocky with a row of long, spine-like setae on dorsal margin and many long, spine-like setae along ventral margin; femoral patch absent. Tibia stocky, slightly shorter than tarsus. Patellotibial suture absent, connection between tibia and tarsus tight. Claw strongly elongated, pointed; with two long rows of numerous, minute denticles; subapical setae absent. Middle and hind legs (Fig. 5 c). Femur slenderer than at foreleg; femoral patch absent. Tibia. Patellotibial suture present. Claw as in foreleg. Abdomen. Tergites (Fig. 6 a). Posterior margin with triangular spines on all segments; lateral margins without spines. Gills (Fig. 6 c). Seven pairs of gills on segments I-VII, dorsally oriented. Paraproct (Fig. 6 b). With slight, rounded expansion at posterior margin; with numerous, stout, marginal spines. Caudal filaments (Fig. 1). Inner margin of cerci with 3 to more than 15 long, thin primary swimming setae per segment, increasing in number distally; paracercus bilaterally with 4 to more than 13 long, thin primary swimming setae per segment, increasing in number distally.	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas, Gattolliat, Jean-Luc (2021): A new genus from Madagascar with strongly enlarged labium (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae). African Invertebrates 62 (2): 465-484, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.73911, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.73911
E80635D7273A59B78BED44574B3C4762.taxon	description	Description. Imagines. Unknown.	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas, Gattolliat, Jean-Luc (2021): A new genus from Madagascar with strongly enlarged labium (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae). African Invertebrates 62 (2): 465-484, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.73911, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.73911
E80635D7273A59B78BED44574B3C4762.taxon	distribution	Distribution. (Fig. 7). Madagascar: Eastern coast.	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas, Gattolliat, Jean-Luc (2021): A new genus from Madagascar with strongly enlarged labium (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae). African Invertebrates 62 (2): 465-484, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.73911, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.73911
5DF3875D1AE65F52B163D4CD8923F137.taxon	description	Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas, Gattolliat, Jean-Luc (2021): A new genus from Madagascar with strongly enlarged labium (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae). African Invertebrates 62 (2): 465-484, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.73911, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.73911
5DF3875D1AE65F52B163D4CD8923F137.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Nymph. See genus diagnosis. Otherwise, if more species are discovered, specific differences in shape of labial and maxillary palps, and in setation of the legs are expected. Species with less derived characters (setation of pedicellus, shape of mentum) may also be expected.	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas, Gattolliat, Jean-Luc (2021): A new genus from Madagascar with strongly enlarged labium (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae). African Invertebrates 62 (2): 465-484, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.73911, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.73911
5DF3875D1AE65F52B163D4CD8923F137.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Madagasikara is the Malagasy name of Madagascar.	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas, Gattolliat, Jean-Luc (2021): A new genus from Madagascar with strongly enlarged labium (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae). African Invertebrates 62 (2): 465-484, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.73911, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.73911
5DF3875D1AE65F52B163D4CD8923F137.taxon	description	Description. Nymph. (Figs 1 - 6). Body length ca. 4.5 mm. Cerci broken, but longer than paracercus; paracercus ca. 1 / 2 body length. Colouration (Fig. 1 a-d). Head, thorax and abdomen dorsally light brown, without visible pattern, fore protoptera light brown. Head, thorax and abdomen ventrally light brown. Legs and caudalii light brown. Head. Antenna (Fig. 3 a). Pedicellus covered with many long, stout, slightly lanceolate, pointed setae; scapus bare. Labrum (Fig. 3 b). Lateral margins straight, distal margin largely V-shaped, length 0.8 x maximum width. Distal margin with small, square process. Dorsal surface scattered with long, fine, simple setae; on each side long, pointed, submedian seta and submarginal arc restricted to two long, pointed setae. Ventrally with distal, marginal row of long, simple setae. Ventral surface with ca. two short, spine-like setae near lateral margin. Right mandible (Fig. 3 c-e). Incisor and kinetodontium cleft. Incisor with two denticles, outer denticle blade-like; kinetodontium with three denticles. Prostheca stick-like, apicolaterally denticulate. Margin between prostheca and mola straight; with brush of medium setae between prostheca and mola, length of setae ca. 1 / 4 of prostheca length. Tuft of setae present at apex of mola. Left mandible (Fig. 3 f-h). Incisor and kinetodontium partially cleft. Incisor with two denticles, outer denticle blade-like; kinetodontium with three denticles. Prostheca robust, apically denticulate and with comb-shape structure. Margin between prostheca and mola straight; with brush of medium setae between prostheca and mola, length of setae ca. 1 / 4 of prostheca length; and with minute denticles toward subtriangular process. Subtriangular process long and slender, above level of area between prostheca and mola. Tuft of setae at apex of mola absent. Both mandibles with lateral margins convex. Basal half laterally with short, fine, simple setae. Hypopharynx and superlinguae (Fig. 4 a). Lingua longer than wide and longer than superlinguae, with prominent central protuberance; with large medial tuft of stout setae. Superlinguae distally rounded, lateral margins rounded; long, fine, simple setae along distal margin. Maxilla (Fig. 4 b, c). Galea-lacinia ventrally with two simple, apical setae under canines. Medially with one bifurcate seta and four medium, simple setae. Maxillary palp ca. 1.4 x as long as length of galea-lacinia; palp segment II 1.4 x length of segment I; short, fine, simple setae scattered over surface of segment II; apex pointed and with short, stout seta at tip. Labium (Figs 2 b-d, 4 d, e). Inner margin of glossa with marginal row of long, simple setae, on ventral surface row of very long, simple setae close to margin; apex with four long, very robust setae, curved toward inner side, and two equally long, spine-like, pectinate setae; outer margin bare. Paraglossa with outer margin and apex convex and inner margin concave, curved inward; ventrally with three rows of long, robust, pectinate setae in apical area and two short, fine, simple setae in anteromedial area; dorsally with row of four long, spine-like setae near inner margin. Mentum strongly enlarged (extended and thickened), especially on ventral side; laterally with medium, fine, simple setae. Labial palp very long, with segment I 0.9 x length of segments II and III combined. Segment I ventrally with short, fine, simple setae. Segment II elongated, conical, without protuberance; ventral surface with short, fine, simple setae; dorsally with three spine-like setae near distal margin. Segment III slightly pentagonal; length subequal to width; ventrally covered with short, spine-like setae and short, fine, simple setae. Thorax. Hind protoptera well developed. Foreleg (Fig. 5 a, b). Ratio of foreleg segments 1.8: 1.0: 1.1: 0.6. Femur. Rather broad, length 2.7 x maximum width; dorsal margin with ca. nine long, spine-like setae plus ca. five long, spine-like setae close to margin in basal part, length of setae ca. 0.3 x maximum width of femur; on apex three long, spine-like setae and some short, fine, simple setae; many short to medium, stout setae along ventral margin; femoral patch absent. Tibia. Stocky, slightly shorter than tarsus; dorsal margin with row of short, fine, simple setae; ventral margin with row of medium, curved, spine-like setae; patellotibial suture absent; connection to tarsus tight. Tarsus. Dorsal margin with row of scarce, short, fine, simple setae; ventral margin with row of short to medium, curved, spine-like setae. Claw strongly elongated, distally pointed, with two rows of numerous minute denticles; denticles decreasing in size distally; subapical setae absent. Middle leg. Ratio of middle leg segments 1.7: 1.0: 1.0: 0.5. Femur. Length 3.4 x maximum width. With similar setation as foreleg; femoral patch absent. Tibia as hind leg; dorsal margin almost bare; ventral margin with row of short, spine-like setae. Patellotibial suture present on basal 1 / 3 area. Tarsus as hind leg; dorsal margin bare; ventral margin with row of short, spine-like setae. Claw as foreleg. Hind leg (Fig. 5 c). Ratio of hind leg segments 1.8: 1.0: 1.0: 0.6. Femur. Length 4 x maximum width. Dorsal margin with ca. six long, spine-like setae plus ca. three long, spine-like setae close to margin; many short to medium, stout setae along ventral margin; femoral patch absent. Tibia. Dorsal margin almost bare; ventral margin with a row of short, spine-like setae. Patellotibial suture present on basal 1 / 3 area. Tarsus. Dorsal margin bare; ventral margin with a row of short, spine-like setae. Claw as foreleg. Abdomen. Tergites (Fig. 6 a). Posterior margin of tergites with triangular spines, longer than wide. Gills (Fig. 6 c). Gills on segments I-VII. Costal and anal margins with small denticles intercalating short, fine, simple setae. Tracheae extending from main trunk to inner and outer margins. Gill I as long as 1 / 3 length of segment II; gill IV as long as length of segments V, VI and 1 / 3 VII combined; gill VII reaching end of segment X. Paraproct (Fig. 6 b). Posterior margin slightly expanded; with ca. 36 stout, marginal spines. Surface scattered with U-shaped scale bases, some fine, simple setae and micropores. Cercotractor with small, marginal spines.	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas, Gattolliat, Jean-Luc (2021): A new genus from Madagascar with strongly enlarged labium (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae). African Invertebrates 62 (2): 465-484, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.73911, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.73911
5DF3875D1AE65F52B163D4CD8923F137.taxon	distribution	Distribution. (Fig. 7). Madagascar: Eastern coast.	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas, Gattolliat, Jean-Luc (2021): A new genus from Madagascar with strongly enlarged labium (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae). African Invertebrates 62 (2): 465-484, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.73911, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.73911
5DF3875D1AE65F52B163D4CD8923F137.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Larvae were collected in two pristine streams running in relatively preserved natural tropical rain forests. Environmental parameters of the type-locality: width 2 - 3 m, depth 0.1 - 0.2 m, velocity 0.6 - 0.8 m / s, temperature 16 - 18 ° C. The riverbed was a mix of sand, gravel and rocks with a few small waterfalls and very limited riparian vegetation. Mayfly fauna is very diversified with around twenty species of Baetidae, including four carnivorous species (Nesoptiloides electroptera (Demoulin, 1966), Herbrossus christinae Gattolliat & Sartori, 1998, Herbrossus edmundsorum McCafferty & Lugo-Ortiz, 1998, and Guloptiloides gargantua Gattolliat & Sartori, 2000), scrapers (Dicentroptilum merina Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, 1998, Xyrodromeus spp.), and species adapted to fast flow (Afroptiloides delphinae Gattolliat, 2000). Besides Baetidae, Caenidae and Tricorythidae were the most abundant families; larvae of the huge borrowing mayfly, Proboscidoplocia sp. (Euthyplociidae), were also collected in abundance. Both larvae were still in middle instar in April (end of rainy season) and November (beginning of rainy season); we hypothesize that Megalabiops madagasikara sp. nov has a long flight period as most of the Malagasy species of Baetidae.	en	Kaltenbach, Thomas, Gattolliat, Jean-Luc (2021): A new genus from Madagascar with strongly enlarged labium (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae). African Invertebrates 62 (2): 465-484, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.73911, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.73911
