taxonID	type	description	language	source
03C487E4FF8F18770A70836C3C47FD53.taxon	type_taxon	Typus: Asketanthera calycosa (A. Rich.) Woodson.	en	Morales, J. Francisco (2018): Studies in Neotropical Apocynaceae LIV: a synopsis of Asketanthera. Candollea 73 (1): 7-17, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v731a2
03C487E4FF8F18770A70836C3C47FD53.taxon	description	Lianas, young stems herbaceous, becoming more or less woody with age; branchlets cylindric to subcylindric, with milky sap, pubescent to glabrate; interpetiolar colleters very small. Leaves opposite, petiolate, petioles without colleters, blades glabrous, glabrescent or variously pubescent, membranaceous, without colleters or domatia, not revolute. Inflorescence axillary, a few- to many-flowered cyme, usually variously pubescent, pedunculate, bracts foliaceous, well developed. Sepals 5, foliaceous, prominantly nerved, all more or less the same size and shape or subequal, free, with a single entire to variously lacerated colleter at the base of the adaxial surface. Corolla hypocrateriform with the indument distributed on five longitudinal lines, without corona or free corona lobes, the limb actinomorphic, 5 - lobed, dextrorsely contorted. Stamens 5, included, anthers connivent and agglutinated to the style-head, anthers glabrous, the base auriculate, the auricles rounded to acute, filaments short, pubescent. Carpels two, united at the apex, style-head with a basal expanded ring. Ovules many, several-seriate; nectaries 5, each nectary lobed or entire, glabrous. Follicles 2, apocarpous, free, often remaining united at the tips for some time, dehiscing along the ventral suture, terete or subterete, membranaceous, continuous, pubescent to glabrate; seeds numerous, dry, rostrate, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, comose at the microphylar end.	en	Morales, J. Francisco (2018): Studies in Neotropical Apocynaceae LIV: a synopsis of Asketanthera. Candollea 73 (1): 7-17, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v731a2
03C487E4FF8B18760920800D3E1BF864.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotypus (designated here): DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. Prov. Barahona: near Barahona, road to El Marisal, VII. 1910, fl., Fuertes 453 (S [S 04 - 1835]!; isolecto -: BM!, K [K 000582733]!, L [L 0004431]!, MO [MO 100108]!).	en	Morales, J. Francisco (2018): Studies in Neotropical Apocynaceae LIV: a synopsis of Asketanthera. Candollea 73 (1): 7-17, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v731a2
03C487E4FF8B18760920800D3E1BF864.taxon	description	Branchlets moderately to densely puberulent; interpetiolar colleters up to 1.1 mm long. Petioles 12 - 20 mm long; leaf blades 5.8 - 10.3 × 3.8 - 6.2 cm, ovate-elliptic to elliptic, the apex acuminate, the base broadly acute to abruptly attenuate, very sparsely strigulose to hirsutulous on both surfaces, secondary veins slightly impressed abaxially, not visible adaxially. Inflorescence densely to moderately puberulent, 8 - 13 - flowered, peduncle (30 -) 35 - 55 mm long, pedicels 5 - 9 mm long, bracts 7 - 15 × 1.5 - 5 mm, elliptic to linear-elliptic; sepals 12 - 18 × 4 - 6.5 mm, elliptic to ovate-elliptic, the apex narrowly acuminate, moderately to sparsely hirsutulos externally, the colleter irregularly erose at the apex. Corolla cream, densely hirsutulous externally, tube 15 - 21 × 1.7 - 3.7 mm, inflated around the stamens, 1.7 - 2 mm diam. at the orifice; lobes 24 - 28 × 5.5 - 7 mm, obliquely obovate-elliptic; stamens inserted in the proximal half of the corolla tube, anthers 6.4 - 7 mm long, the auricles rounded, style-head 1.5 - 1.9 mm long; ovary 1.5 - 2 mm long, glabrous; nectaries c. two-third the length of the ovary, each nectary entire. Follicles unknown.	en	Morales, J. Francisco (2018): Studies in Neotropical Apocynaceae LIV: a synopsis of Asketanthera. Candollea 73 (1): 7-17, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v731a2
03C487E4FF8B18760920800D3E1BF864.taxon	distribution	Distribution, habitat and phenology. – Endemic to the Dominican Republic, where it grows in wet forest, from 90 - 600 m. Flowers have been reported in July and December.	en	Morales, J. Francisco (2018): Studies in Neotropical Apocynaceae LIV: a synopsis of Asketanthera. Candollea 73 (1): 7-17, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v731a2
03C487E4FF8B18760920800D3E1BF864.taxon	conservation	Conservation status. – Only two populations from severely fragmented habitats are known for A. dolichopetala. Additional fieldwork might reveal that this species has a wider distribution, but based on the current collections and the reduced AOO (8 km 2), A. dolichopetala is provisionally assessed as “ Critically Endangered ” [CRB 1 ab (iii, iv) + B 2 ab (iii, iv)] following IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN, 2012).	en	Morales, J. Francisco (2018): Studies in Neotropical Apocynaceae LIV: a synopsis of Asketanthera. Candollea 73 (1): 7-17, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v731a2
03C487E4FF8B18760920800D3E1BF864.taxon	discussion	Notes. – Asketanthera dolichopetala is separated from A. calycosa and A. p icardae by its petioles 12 - 20 mm and inflorescences with long peduncles. Fruiting specimens show some resemblance to A. picardae, but the latter species has shorter peduncles (4 - 15 mm vs. (30 -) 35 - 55 mm). The holotype of Echites dolichopetalus was destroyed in May 1943 during World War II. The duplicate at S is designated here as the lectotype because is the most complete preserved specimen.	en	Morales, J. Francisco (2018): Studies in Neotropical Apocynaceae LIV: a synopsis of Asketanthera. Candollea 73 (1): 7-17, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v731a2
03C487E4FF8B18760920800D3E1BF864.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined. – DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. Prov. Barahona: Sierra del Bahoruco, La Ciénaga, section La Filipina, cañada La Baliza, 7. XII. 2006, fl., Clase 4333 (CR, MO).	en	Morales, J. Francisco (2018): Studies in Neotropical Apocynaceae LIV: a synopsis of Asketanthera. Candollea 73 (1): 7-17, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v731a2
03C487E4FF8B18750A70800D3C47FA24.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotypus (designated here): DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. Prov. Barahona: Santo Domingo, cordillera de Bahoruco, sierra de los Cornincuios, between Beueve and Gros Figuier, near Vrickets, 28. VIII. 1926, fl., Ekman 6762 (S [S 04 - 1837]!; isolecto -: JE [fragment]!).	en	Morales, J. Francisco (2018): Studies in Neotropical Apocynaceae LIV: a synopsis of Asketanthera. Candollea 73 (1): 7-17, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v731a2
03C487E4FF8B18750A70800D3C47FA24.taxon	description	Branchlets sparsely puberulent to glabrate; interpetiolar colleters up to 1.4 mm long. Petioles 4 - 8 mm long; leaf blades 7.5 - 13.1 × 3 - 6.8 cm, ovate, ovate-elliptic to elliptic, the apex acuminate, the base obtuse, glabrous on the adaxial surface, sparsely puberulent to glabrate on the abaxial surface, secondary veins impressed on both surfaces. Inflorescence very sparsely puberulent, 2 - 4 - flowered, peduncle 10 - 28 mm long, pedicels 10 - 22 (- 25) mm long, bracts 9 - 20 × 1.5 - 4 mm, linearelliptic, linear-ovate, narrowly ovate to narrowly elliptic; sepals 16 - 24 × 5 - 7 mm, narrowly ovate to ovate-elliptic, the apex shortly acuminate, glabrate externally, the colleter irregularly erose at the apex. Corolla green, inconspicuously puberulent to glabrate, the indument more dense in floral buds, tube 63 - 80 × 3.5 - 7 mm, inflated around the stamens, 6 - 7 mm diam. at the orifice; lobes 60 - 90 × 22 - 25 mm, obliquely elliptic; stamens inserted in the proximal half of the corolla tube, anthers 11 - 14 mm long, the auricles obtuse, style-head 3 - 4 mm long; ovary 3 - 4 mm long, glabrous; nectaries c. half of the ovary length, irregularly lobed. Follicles 18.5 - 20 cm × 3.5 - 5 mm, free, sparsely puberulent to glabrate, continuous; seeds unknown.	en	Morales, J. Francisco (2018): Studies in Neotropical Apocynaceae LIV: a synopsis of Asketanthera. Candollea 73 (1): 7-17, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v731a2
03C487E4FF8B18750A70800D3C47FA24.taxon	distribution	Distribution, habitat and phenology. – Endemic to Hispaniola (Dominican Republic and Haiti), growing in wet forest over limestone hills from 1000 - 1300 m. Flowering in August and September. Fruits have been reported in November.	en	Morales, J. Francisco (2018): Studies in Neotropical Apocynaceae LIV: a synopsis of Asketanthera. Candollea 73 (1): 7-17, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v731a2
03C487E4FF8B18750A70800D3C47FA24.taxon	conservation	Conservation status. – This species is known from only four localities in Hispaniola with an EOO of 865 km 2 and an AOO of 16 km 2, from regions with highly disturbed and fragmented forest remnants. Three of the specimens were collected more than 90 years ago, but future fieldwork could probably reveal additional populations. Asketanthera longiflora is provisionally assessed as “ Endangered ” [ENB 1 ab (iv) + B 2 ab (iii, iv)] following IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN, 2012).	en	Morales, J. Francisco (2018): Studies in Neotropical Apocynaceae LIV: a synopsis of Asketanthera. Candollea 73 (1): 7-17, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v731a2
03C487E4FF8B18750A70800D3C47FA24.taxon	discussion	Notes. – Asketanthera longiflora is easily recognized by its 2 - 4 - flowered inflorescences and the corolla tube 63 - 80 mm length. WOODSON (1936) described 2 - 8 - flowered inflorescences, but in all the specimens examined (included those examined by Woodson) the inflorescence has up to 4 flowers. The duplicate of Ekman 6762 at S is designated here as the lectotype. One duplicate is deposited at JE, but it is a fragment, whereas a second duplicate at B was destroyed in 1943.	en	Morales, J. Francisco (2018): Studies in Neotropical Apocynaceae LIV: a synopsis of Asketanthera. Candollea 73 (1): 7-17, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v731a2
03C487E4FF8B18750A70800D3C47FA24.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined. – HAITI. Dept. Sud: eastern La Hotte, Chapelle Mont Carmel, 8. XI. 1924, fr., Ekman 2426 (S); massif de la Hotte, eastern group, St. Grave, near Chap St. Mickel, steeps, limestone hillside, 4. VIII. 1926, fl., Ekman 6598 (S). DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. Prov. Pedernales: 50 km de la Compañía de Exploración Alcoa, Puerto Cabo Rojo, camino a las Mercedes and Las Abejas, área llamada Las Abejas, 15. IX. 1981, fl., Zanoni & Mejía 16561 (CR, MO, NY).	en	Morales, J. Francisco (2018): Studies in Neotropical Apocynaceae LIV: a synopsis of Asketanthera. Candollea 73 (1): 7-17, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v731a2
03C487E4FF88187B0A6985983EE9F9D9.taxon	materials_examined	Holotypus: HAITI. Dept. Ouest: mountain near Pétionville, 400 m, 17. VII. 1891, fl., Picarda 804 (B †). Neotypus (designated here): HAITI. Dept. of Nippes: Pte. Riviére des Nippes, mountain in Bellevue, 16. VII. 1927, fl., Ekman 8590 (S [S-PL- 23930]!; isoneo -: US [US 00783151]!).	en	Morales, J. Francisco (2018): Studies in Neotropical Apocynaceae LIV: a synopsis of Asketanthera. Candollea 73 (1): 7-17, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v731a2
03C487E4FF88187B0A6985983EE9F9D9.taxon	description	Branchlets moderately to densely puberulent; interpetiolar colleters up to 1.2 mm long. Petioles 4 - 10 mm long; leaf blades 6.5 - 14.5 × 3.6 - 8.3 cm, elliptic to ovate-elliptic, the apex acuminate, the base acute to attenuate, sparsely strigulose on both surfaces, sometimes glabrate, secondary veins slightly impressed on both surfaces. Inflorescence densely to moderately puberulent, 8 - 20 - flowered, peduncle 4 - 15 mm long, pedicels 6 - 13 mm long, bracts 12 - 25 × 5 - 7.5 mm, elliptic to ovate-elliptic; sepals 13 - 20 × 3.3 - 7 mm, narrowly elliptic, ovate-elliptic to ovate, the apex narrowly acuminate, sparsely puberulent to glabrate externally, the colleter irregularly erose at the apex. Corolla greenish yellow, sparsely hirsutulous externally, sometimes glabrate, tube 11 - 15 × 2.1 - 4.1 mm, inflated around the stamens, 2.1 - 2.3 mm diam. at the orifice; lobes 9 - 15 × 4 - 5.5 mm, obliquely ovate-elliptic; stamens inserted about midway inthe tube, anthers 5.5 - 6 mm long, the auricles acute, style-head 1 - 1.2 mm long; ovary 1.9 - 2.1 mm long, glabrous; nectaries c. one-half to one-third of the ovary length, entire. Follicles 32 - 47 cm × 3 - 5.5 mm, free, minutely and sparsely puberulent, continuous; seeds 14 - 17 mm, sparsely puberulent, coma 2.5 - 5 cm, cream coloured.	en	Morales, J. Francisco (2018): Studies in Neotropical Apocynaceae LIV: a synopsis of Asketanthera. Candollea 73 (1): 7-17, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v731a2
03C487E4FF88187B0A6985983EE9F9D9.taxon	distribution	Distribution, habitat and phenology. – Endemic to Haiti, growing in gallery forest and vegetation over limestone formations from 200 - 700 m. Flowering from June to November and fruiting in December and January.	en	Morales, J. Francisco (2018): Studies in Neotropical Apocynaceae LIV: a synopsis of Asketanthera. Candollea 73 (1): 7-17, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v731a2
03C487E4FF88187B0A6985983EE9F9D9.taxon	conservation	Conservation status. – Asketanthera picardae is known from eight locations (all outside of protected areas) and has an AOO of 27,071 km 2. Given the severe loss of forest predominant in Haiti and the fragmented and continuing decline of its habitat, A. picardae is provisionally assessed as “ Endangered ” [EN B 2 a biii] following IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN, 2012).	en	Morales, J. Francisco (2018): Studies in Neotropical Apocynaceae LIV: a synopsis of Asketanthera. Candollea 73 (1): 7-17, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v731a2
03C487E4FF88187B0A6985983EE9F9D9.taxon	discussion	Notes. – Asketanthera picardae is distinguished by its petioles 4 - 10 mm, 8 - 20 - flowered inflorescences, peduncles 4 - 15 mm, corolla tube 11 - 15 mm, and corolla lobes 9 - 15 mm long. The type of Echites picardae (Picarda 804, B) was destroyed in 1943 and no additional duplicates are known. Ekman 8590 is designated here as a neotype, because it is well preserved and matches the original description. The collection is also represented in two herbaria in two different continents.	en	Morales, J. Francisco (2018): Studies in Neotropical Apocynaceae LIV: a synopsis of Asketanthera. Candollea 73 (1): 7-17, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v731a2
03C487E4FF88187B0A6985983EE9F9D9.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined. – HAITI. Dept. Artibonite: montañas de Terre-Neuve, Hab. Descortiéres, 10. X. 1925, fl., Ekman 5053 (CR, S); Les Gonaives, between Bassin and Memé, 24. XII. 1927, fr., Ekman 9460 (S). Dept. Nord: Cerca de Bel Endroit, 9. VIII. 1917, fl., Ekman 659 (K, S). Dept. Grand´Anse: Massif de la Hotte, Acquin, La Colina, Morne des Abricots, 9. XI. 1926, fl., Ekman 7191 (NY, S). Dept. Nippes: Massif de la Hotte, Miragoane, S of Etang-Miragoane, 28. VII. 1926, fl., Ekman 6536 (S); around Miragoane, 19. VII. 1927, fl., Eyerdam 151 (US). Dept. Sud: Le Tiburón, 2. IX. 1910, fl., Christ 2279 (NY); Changieux, 29. VI. 1980, fl., Sastre & Polynice 7178 (CR, P). DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. Prov. Barahona: c. 2 km arriba de la boca del río Baoruco, Los Morrones, 18. I. 1982, fr., Zanoni et al. 18829 (CR, NY). SINE LOCO: fl., Richard s. n. (P).	en	Morales, J. Francisco (2018): Studies in Neotropical Apocynaceae LIV: a synopsis of Asketanthera. Candollea 73 (1): 7-17, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v731a2
03C487E4FF86187B0A69802D3B86FC18.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotypus (designated here): DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. Prov. Barahona: mountain Hispaniola Bahoruco, hoyo de Pelempito, 3 - 8. VII. 1971, fl., Alain 18124 (NY [NY 00111008]!; isolecto -: NY [NY 00111007]!, US [US 00112017]!).	en	Morales, J. Francisco (2018): Studies in Neotropical Apocynaceae LIV: a synopsis of Asketanthera. Candollea 73 (1): 7-17, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v731a2
03C487E4FF86187B0A69802D3B86FC18.taxon	discussion	Notes. – This species was described by LIOGIER (1973) based on two specimens, one with immature flowers and the second with immature fruits. The calyx has colleters which are alternate with the sepals, a character common in Pentalinon Voigt, as well as anthers with filiform and spiraled apical appendages, which are absent in Asketanthera. Foliaceous or subfoliaceous bracts are also found in Pentalinon luteum (MORALES, 2009). LIOGIER (1973) mentioned that the type was in NY, but without indicating a specific specimen. Two specimens are deposited at NY and I choose the specimen with flower and fruits as the lectotype.	en	Morales, J. Francisco (2018): Studies in Neotropical Apocynaceae LIV: a synopsis of Asketanthera. Candollea 73 (1): 7-17, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v731a2
03C487E4FF86187B0A69850D3BC1FA78.taxon	materials_examined	Holotypus: VENEZUELA. State Falcón: Sierra de San Luis, montaña de Paraguariba, 23. V. 1979, fl., Steyermark 99348 (Z!; iso-: MO!, VEN [VEN 79377]!).	en	Morales, J. Francisco (2018): Studies in Neotropical Apocynaceae LIV: a synopsis of Asketanthera. Candollea 73 (1): 7-17, DOI: 10.15553/c2018v731a2
