identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
9C7F87DCFFD03E6A1B9DFB75FCF7F996.text	9C7F87DCFFD03E6A1B9DFB75FCF7F996.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scrophularia	<div><p>The two species can be easily separated using the following identification key:</p> <p>1. Leaves narrowly ovate to broadly ovate, pinnatisected to pinnatipartite; corolla urceolate, 9-10 mm long, yellowishwhite when fresh; stamens exserted, staminode shorter than stamens; style 8 mm long...................... S. longiflora</p> <p>1a. Leaves broadly ovate to circular to triangular or rhombic to deltoid, serrate to dentate; corolla ventricose, 5-7 mm long, purple when fresh; stamens included, staminode the same length as stamens; style 4-5 mm long......... S. nana</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C7F87DCFFD03E6A1B9DFB75FCF7F996	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ranjbar, Massoud;Rahchamani, Narges;Gautier, Laurent	Ranjbar, Massoud, Rahchamani, Narges, Gautier, Laurent (2016): Scrophularia longiflora Benth. and S. nana Stiefelh. (Scrophulariaceae), two distinct species from Iran, confused under the name S. farinosa Boiss. Candollea 71 (2): 195-203, DOI: 10.15553/c2016v712a5
9C7F87DCFFD03E6E1B9DF9DDFAE3FDF9.text	9C7F87DCFFD03E6E1B9DF9DDFAE3FDF9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scrophularia longiflora Benth.	<div><p>Scrophularia longiflora Benth. in DC., Prodr. 10: 313. 1846 (Fig. 3 B-D).</p> <p>Typus: IRAN: Persia, s.d., Anon. s.n. (holo-: G-DC [G00498883]!).</p> <p>= Scrophularia farinosa Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 7: 40. 1846. Lectotypus (designated here): I RAN. Prov. Fars: in fissuris rupium sept. v. spectantium m. Sabst-Buschom [Sabz Pushan] pr. u. Schiras rarius, [29°26’55’’N 52°32’00’’E], 25.V.1842, Kotschy 427 (G-BOIS [G00330405]!; isolecto-: E [E00327361] image seen, FI [FI009673] image seen, G [G00382756, G00382757, G00382758]!, GOET [GOET011067] image seen, K [K001096210] image seen, MO-97706 image seen, MO-97810 image seen, P [P03412070, P03412071, P03412073 in part., P03412074] images seen, WAG [1835848], W [W0017712] image seen). Syntypi: IRAN. Prov. Fars: Sabz Pushan [Sabst Buschom], 1842, Kotschy 843 (G-BOIS [G00330408]!, JE [JE00010888] image seen, P [P03412073] image seen, W [W0017422] image seen).</p> <p>Perennial herb, 4-16 cm tall, decumbent, stems short, thin, numerous, with long internodes below and shorter above, grey, with a white dense indumentum of farinaceous hairs and with rare dispersed dendroid hairs. Lower leaves alternate, grey, densely farinaceous with a few dendroid branched hairs on both surfaces, petioles 8-20 mm long, blade broadly ovate in overall shape, 16-20 × 5-10 mm, venation pinnate, prominent on abaxial surface, pinnatifid to pinnatisect, upper part of leaf dentate, with 3-4 teeth 0.5-1 mm long each side; angle of teeth with reference to midrib 20-30º, subacute to obtuse; lower part of leaf divided, with 2-3 lobes 3-6 mm long each side, angle of lobes with reference to midrib 30-40º, obtuse, each lobe with ca. 2-3 teeth 0.5 mm long each side, angle of teeth ca. 45º, obtuse, apical side of tooth convex and straight, basal side of tooth concave. Upper leaves alternate, grey, densely farinaceous and with rare dendroid hairs on both surfaces, petiole 4- 10 mm long, blade symmetrical, narrowly ovate, acute, 12-20 × 4-7 mm, venation pinnate, prominent on abaxial surface, blade pinnatifid to pinnatisect, with ca. 2-4 lobes each side; 0.5-1.8 mm long, angle of lobes with reference to midrib ca. 30º, acute, apical side of lobes convex to straight, basal side concave. Inflorescence dense, many-flowered, bracteate, paniculate, cymes drepanium, elongate in fruiting status up to 7–8 cm long. Bracts lanceolate, entire, acute, 5-10 × 1-3 mm, grey, densely farinaceous, the lower ones leaf-like. Bracteoles lanceolate, entire, acute, 3-3.5 × 1 mm, grey, densely farinaceous. Peduncle 4-6 mm long, densely farinaceous hairs mixed with sparsely glandular hairs. Pedicels 1.5-2 mm long, densely glandular and with a sparsely farinaceous hairs. Flowers zygomorphic. Calyx 2.5-3 × ca. 2.5 mm, sepals equal, ovate-orbicular, obtuse at apex, grey to greenish, densely covered with glandular hairs, with white often glabrous margins. Corolla 9-10 mm long, urceolate, yellow-white when fresh, brown in dried status, glabrous, lobes unequal, obtuse, upper lobes 1.5-2 mm longer than lower lobes. Stamens 4, fertile, exserted, 9.5-10 mm long, filaments white, densely glandular-dotted, anthers white. Staminode small, orbiculate, ca. 0.5 × 0.5 mm, purple, its filament shorter than the ones of the fertile anthers, and thus included in the corolla tube. Ovary spherical to ovoid, 1-1.5 × 1.5 mm, densely gland-dotted. Style terminal, filiform, ca. 8 mm long, glabrous. Capsule spherical to ovoid, 3.5-5 × 3-4 mm, mucronate at apex, mucron 0.5-1 mm long, grey to green, densely gland-dotted. Seed rectangular to elliptic, 0.9-1.1 × 0.4-0.5 mm, dark brown to black, with scattered depressed area, sometimes lighter discontinuous bands.</p> <p>1</p> <p>cm</p> <p>[B: Ranjbar 35993, BASU; C: Anon. s.n., G-DC; D: Kotschy 427, G-BOIS]</p> <p>Notes. – The name S. longiflora was published on April 8, 1846 by Bentham (1846: 313) (see Stafleu &amp; Cowan, 1976), where it is clearly stated that the only specimen seen is a specimen of unknown collector coming from Persia, and kept in the de Candolle herbarium. There is only one specimen under this name in the G-DC herbarium, and this is consequently the holotype of that name.</p> <p>The name S. farinosa first appeared in 1845 on the printed labels of Kotschy’s specimen distributed and edited by R.F. Hohenacker. However, these labels lack any kind of diagnostic elements and hence the name cannot be considered as validly published until Boissier (1846), released in Jul.-Oct. 1846 according to Stafleu &amp; Cowan (1976). The species is described based on two collections: Kotschy 427 and 843 collected from Iran, Sabz Pushan (Sabst-Buschom) around Shiraz. Although Grau (1981) cites “Typus Kotschy 427, 843; holotypus G!, isotypus W!”, the G-BOIS duplicates of these collections should be considered as syntypes and lectotypification is needed. The specimen Kotschy 427 [G00330405] is designed here as lectotype (Fig. 3D) because it is complete and includes a mature plant with fruit. The other specimen Kotschy 843 [G00330408] is not complete being without fruit. Besides, Kotschy 427 is much more widely distributed in other herbaria.</p> <p>Both Boissier (1879) and Grau (1981) have correctly considered that S. farinosa and S. longiflora were synonyms. However, they both retained the name S. farinosa, whereas S. longiflora was effectively published a few months earlier and has priority.</p> <p>Other specimens examined. – IRAN. Prov. Fars: Sabz Pushan [Sabst Buschom], 1842, Kotschy 427a (G [G00330574]); sine loc., s.d., Michaux s.n. (G [G00382553]); around Shiraz, s.d., Michaux s.n. (P [P03412072]); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=52.560276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.634167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 52.560276/lat 29.634167)">Shiraz</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=52.560276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.634167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 52.560276/lat 29.634167)">Darvaz-e Qoran</a>, 29°38’03’’N 52°33’37’’E, 1580 m, 29.IV.2014, Ranjbar 35993 (BASU); Bamu protected region, Darreh Chap, 1650-1900 m, 30.V.1975, Wendelbo &amp; Foroughi 17531, partly (G [G00418106]).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C7F87DCFFD03E6E1B9DF9DDFAE3FDF9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ranjbar, Massoud;Rahchamani, Narges;Gautier, Laurent	Ranjbar, Massoud, Rahchamani, Narges, Gautier, Laurent (2016): Scrophularia longiflora Benth. and S. nana Stiefelh. (Scrophulariaceae), two distinct species from Iran, confused under the name S. farinosa Boiss. Candollea 71 (2): 195-203, DOI: 10.15553/c2016v712a5
9C7F87DCFFD43E6F182DFD0FFAB1F8FE.text	9C7F87DCFFD43E6F182DFD0FFAB1F8FE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scrophularia nana Stiefelh., Bot. Jahrb. Syst.	<div><p>Scrophularia nana Stiefelh., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 44: 479. 1910. (Fig. 4A, B)</p> <p>Lectoypus (designated here): IRAN. Prov. Fars: around Persepolis and Kotel Parrou, Haussknecht s.n. (JE [JE00010886] image seen; probable isolecto-: G [G00330575]!, W [W0017409] image seen).</p> <p>Perennial herb, 3-15 cm tall, erect, stems short, thin, branched, with long internodes below and shorter above, grey, with a white dense indumentum of farinaceous hairs. Lower leaves opposite, grey, densely farinaceous on both surfaces, petioles 5-12 mm long, blade broadly ovate to rhombic to deltoid, 15-20 × 10-17 mm, venation pinnate versus palmate, serrate to dentate, with ca. 6-8 teeth each side; 1-3 mm long, angle of teeth with reference to the midrib ca. 40º, obtuse, apical side of teeth convex and straight, basal side concave. Upper leaves opposite to rarely alternate, grey, with densely farinaceous hairs on both surfaces, petiole 5-8 mm long, blade broadly ovate to rhombic, obtuse, 18-20 × 10-14 mm, venation pinnate, serrate to dentate, with ca. 5-7 teeth each side; 0.5-2 mm long, angle of teeth with reference to the midrib ca. 30º-40º, obtuse, apical side of teeth convex to straight, basal side concave. Inflorescence 4-5 cm long, dense, many-flowered, bracteate, paniculate, cymes drepanium. Bracts lanceolate, entire, acute, 10-15 × 2-5 mm, grey, with a dense indumentum of farinaceous hairs, the lower ones with a few teeth. Bracteoles lanceolate, entire, acute, 2-3 × 0.5 mm, grey, with a dense indumentum of farinaceous hairs. Peduncle 5-10 mm long, densely glandular mixed with sparsely farinaceous hairs. Pedicel 1-1.5 mm long, with densely glandular hairs. Flowers zygomorphic. Calyx 3-4 × 2.5-3 mm, sepals equal, ovate-elliptic, obtuse, grey, with white often glabrous margins, densely covered with glandular hairs. Corolla 5-7 mm long, ventricose, purple when fresh, red to brown in dried status, glabrous, lobes unequal, obtuse, upper lobes 0.5 mm longer than lower lobes. Stamens 4, fertile, included, 5-7 mm long, filaments white, loosely gland-dotted, anthers white. Staminode small, reniform, ca. 0.5 × 1 mm, red, its filament as long as the ones of the fertile anthers. Ovary spherical, ca. 1.5 × 2 mm, loosely gland-dotted. Style terminal, filiform, 4-5 mm long, glabrous. Capsule spherical to ovoid, ca. 3 × 3.5 mm, mucronate, mucrone 0.5 mm long, green, loosely glanddotted. Seed elliptic, to 1 mm, brown.</p> <p>[A: Ranjbar 26927, BASU; B: Haussknecht s.n., JE]</p> <p>Note. – The protologue of S. nana provides the following indications: “Verbr.: Südwestliches Persien: Kalkfelsen bei Persepolis und Kotel Parrou, 5000’ (leg. Hausskn. April 1868 sub S. farinosa Boiss.)”. However, there is no mention of the herbarium of deposition of the type and lectotypification is needed. Among herbaria where corresponding material has been traced, herbarium JE, where the Haussknecht herbarium is now incorporated, has two specimens by Haussknecht that were recently databased as syntypes. Both have an identification label by Stiefelhagen as “ Scrophularia nana Stiefelhagen nov. spec.; det. Heinz Stiefelhagen. 1909”. However, only one of them [JE00010886] has a locality (“In rup. calc. ca. Persepolis et Kotel Parrou; 5000”) that matches the protologue. Consequently, this specimen has been selected as lectotype. The second specimen, [JE00010885], with locality “In rup. calc. ca. Persepolis et Kotel Kumaredj”, is not cited in the diagnosis and despite its label by Stiefelhagen, it should not be considered as type material. Duplicates of these collections in other herbaria have either a locality with elements of these two collections [G00330575] or a locality which is too vague to be attributed to one of these collections [W0017409]. Both should be considered as probable isolectotypes.</p> <p>In the diagnosis of this species a wide variation of leaf shape is mentioned. Among all observed specimens, margin leaf is irregular crenate, serrate to dentate or incised, but never pinnatipartite. This character is very important and a distinguishing trait between S. nana and S. longiflora. Another point is that the fruit of this species was not described. Based on examined specimens and digital images, we provide above a description of capsules and seeds.</p> <p>Other specimen examined. – IRAN. Prov. Fars: Marvdasht, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=52.87472&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.988611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 52.87472/lat 29.988611)">Naqshi Rostam</a>, 29°59’19’’N 52°52’29’’E, 1644 m, 19.III.2011, Ranjbar 26927 (BASU); Takht-e Jamshid [Persepolis] and Kotel Kumaredj, 1525 m, IV.1868, Haussknecht s.n. (JE [JE00010885]); between Takht-e Jamshid [Persepolis] to Daulatabad [Dolat Abad], 1000-2000 m, 2.V.1956, Schmid 5471 (G [G00382551]); Bamu protected region, Darreh Chap, 1650-1900 m, 30.V.1975, Wendelbo &amp; Foroughi 17531 (G [G00382552 in part]).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C7F87DCFFD43E6F182DFD0FFAB1F8FE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ranjbar, Massoud;Rahchamani, Narges;Gautier, Laurent	Ranjbar, Massoud, Rahchamani, Narges, Gautier, Laurent (2016): Scrophularia longiflora Benth. and S. nana Stiefelh. (Scrophulariaceae), two distinct species from Iran, confused under the name S. farinosa Boiss. Candollea 71 (2): 195-203, DOI: 10.15553/c2016v712a5
