identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038987B1DF19FF88C1D7FE61FDC45AD4.text	038987B1DF19FF88C1D7FE61FDC45AD4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Daphnia O. F. Muller 1785	<div><p>Genus Daphnia O. F. Müller, 1785</p> <p>This genus was represented in our collections by six species, all well discriminated by COI sequences. Three of the species belonged to the subgenus Daphnia (D. parvula, D. cheraphila Hebert and Finston 1996, Daphnia sp.), and three to the subgenus Ctenodaphnia (D. magna, D. exilis, D. lumholtzi). Comparisons with sequence records in GenBank revealed that Daphnia exilis showed little divergence from its close relative D. spinulata (minimum 0.80, maximum 3.9%), from Argentina. Despite this fact, the D. exilis from Mexico was grouped in the same cluster, which was distinct from the cluster formed by D. spinulata. These two species do show allozyme (Adamowicz et al. 2004) and morphological differences (Benzie 2005).</p> <p>Daphnia cheraphila was recently described by Hebert &amp; Finston (1996) who included material from Mexico in their original description. Our material showed 1.94% COI divergence from sequences in GenBank for this species. Another Daphnia, a member of the pulex group, seems to represent a new species as its closest COI match (12.7%) was to Daphnia parvula from Río Coronda, Argentina.</p> <p>We recorded the invasive species D. lumholtzi for the first time in Mexico in the northern state of Sonora. Given its broad distribution across the United States and its presence in southern Canada, its detection was not unexpected. The Mexican specimens showed barcode identity with populations from the other North American populations that have been sequenced (0.47% maximum) and high divergences (8.68% minimum) with Australian specimens (Havel et al. 2000).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987B1DF19FF88C1D7FE61FDC45AD4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Elías-Gutiérrez, Manuel;Jerónimo, Fernando Martínez;Ivanova, Natalia V.;Valdez-Moreno, Martha;Hebert, Paul D. N.	Elías-Gutiérrez, Manuel, Jerónimo, Fernando Martínez, Ivanova, Natalia V., Valdez-Moreno, Martha, Hebert, Paul D. N. (2008): DNA barcodes for Cladocera and Copepoda from Mexico and Guatemala, highlights and new discoveries. Zootaxa 1839 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1839.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1839.1.1
038987B1DF18FF89C1D7FAFEFCFC5821.text	038987B1DF18FF89C1D7FAFEFCFC5821.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scapholeberis Schoedler 1858	<div><p>Genus Scapholeberis Schoedler, 1858</p> <p>We found two species with 13.07% divergence. One is Scapholeberis armata freyi Dumont &amp; Pensaert previously recorded from southern Mexico (Dumont &amp; Pensaert 1983). The other, which was collected in the northern semi-desert region, seems to represent an undescribed species related to S. ramneri Dumont &amp; Pensaert, described from Belgium (Dumont &amp; Pensaert 1983).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987B1DF18FF89C1D7FAFEFCFC5821	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Elías-Gutiérrez, Manuel;Jerónimo, Fernando Martínez;Ivanova, Natalia V.;Valdez-Moreno, Martha;Hebert, Paul D. N.	Elías-Gutiérrez, Manuel, Jerónimo, Fernando Martínez, Ivanova, Natalia V., Valdez-Moreno, Martha, Hebert, Paul D. N. (2008): DNA barcodes for Cladocera and Copepoda from Mexico and Guatemala, highlights and new discoveries. Zootaxa 1839 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1839.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1839.1.1
038987B1DF1CFF8DC1D7FD63FAFA5DC1.text	038987B1DF1CFF8DC1D7FD63FAFA5DC1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prionodiaptomus Light 1939	<div><p>Genus Prionodiaptomus Light, 1939</p> <p>The recent discovery of Prionodiaptomus colombiensis (Thiébaud) is the only South American calanoid known from Mexico (Gutiérrez-Aguirre &amp; Suárez-Morales 2000). Barcodes highlighted a possible cryptic species distributed more to the north than the first and subsequent records, in the Gulf coastal plateau.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987B1DF1CFF8DC1D7FD63FAFA5DC1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Elías-Gutiérrez, Manuel;Jerónimo, Fernando Martínez;Ivanova, Natalia V.;Valdez-Moreno, Martha;Hebert, Paul D. N.	Elías-Gutiérrez, Manuel, Jerónimo, Fernando Martínez, Ivanova, Natalia V., Valdez-Moreno, Martha, Hebert, Paul D. N. (2008): DNA barcodes for Cladocera and Copepoda from Mexico and Guatemala, highlights and new discoveries. Zootaxa 1839 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1839.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1839.1.1
038987B1DF18FF8AC1D7F931FF595F1C.text	038987B1DF18FF8AC1D7F931FF595F1C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Moina Baird 1850	<div><p>Genus Moina Baird, 1850</p> <p>Members of this genus were represented by one well defined species, Moina macrocopa (Straus), and by a group of three closely related genotypes in the Moina micrura group. According to the keys of Goulden (1968), all three phenotypes can be identified as M. micrura, but most cladocerologists agree that it is group of species. Evidence for this conclusion was given by Petrusek et al. (2004), who found reproductive isolation and deep divergence at 12S rRNA for populations of M. micrura from Europe and Australia, suggesting the presence of two sibling species. In the case of Mexican material, the three subgroups separated by DNA barcodes show consistent morphological and distributional differences (Fig. 1.4). M. micrura 1 is found in the semi-desert regions of the north, close to the Pacific side, while M. micrura 2 seems restricted to the highlands of the Central Plateau at sites more than 2000 m above sea level. The third group, designated as M. micrura 3, was found at a single northern locality, and shows an intermediate morphology to the other two types. It seems likely that none of these phenotypes are actually M. micrura s. str., described originally from Austria (Kurz, 1874).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987B1DF18FF8AC1D7F931FF595F1C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Elías-Gutiérrez, Manuel;Jerónimo, Fernando Martínez;Ivanova, Natalia V.;Valdez-Moreno, Martha;Hebert, Paul D. N.	Elías-Gutiérrez, Manuel, Jerónimo, Fernando Martínez, Ivanova, Natalia V., Valdez-Moreno, Martha, Hebert, Paul D. N. (2008): DNA barcodes for Cladocera and Copepoda from Mexico and Guatemala, highlights and new discoveries. Zootaxa 1839 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1839.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1839.1.1
038987B1DF1BFF8AC1D7FDB6FB5B5D29.text	038987B1DF1BFF8AC1D7FDB6FB5B5D29.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bosmina Baird 1845	<div><p>Genus Bosmina Baird, 1845</p> <p>The taxonomic status of the genus Bosmina remains unsettled. De Melo &amp; Hebert (1994) and Taylor et al. (2002) studied populations of this genus in the northern half of the American continent using both molecular and morphological approaches, but populations in the south have only seen morphological analysis (Paggi 1979). The genus was represented in this study by three species, but Bosmina tubicen Brehm was only recorded from Lake Peten. Bosmina huaronensis Delachaux was widespread from the Central Plateau to the north, while B. longirostris (O.F. Müller) was restricted to one locality on the Central plateau.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987B1DF1BFF8AC1D7FDB6FB5B5D29	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Elías-Gutiérrez, Manuel;Jerónimo, Fernando Martínez;Ivanova, Natalia V.;Valdez-Moreno, Martha;Hebert, Paul D. N.	Elías-Gutiérrez, Manuel, Jerónimo, Fernando Martínez, Ivanova, Natalia V., Valdez-Moreno, Martha, Hebert, Paul D. N. (2008): DNA barcodes for Cladocera and Copepoda from Mexico and Guatemala, highlights and new discoveries. Zootaxa 1839 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1839.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1839.1.1
038987B1DF1AFF8BC1D7FDE6FAB45D41.text	038987B1DF1AFF8BC1D7FDE6FAB45D41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chydorus Leach 1816	<div><p>Genus Chydorus Leach, 1816</p> <p>As Frey (1980) stated, the American representative of the Chydorus sphaericus (O.F. Müller) complex, named C. brevilabris Frey, is widely distributed (from Canada to northern Mexico). A comparison with C. sphaericus from Germany revealed more than 17.61% divergence, confirming the true species status of both.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987B1DF1AFF8BC1D7FDE6FAB45D41	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Elías-Gutiérrez, Manuel;Jerónimo, Fernando Martínez;Ivanova, Natalia V.;Valdez-Moreno, Martha;Hebert, Paul D. N.	Elías-Gutiérrez, Manuel, Jerónimo, Fernando Martínez, Ivanova, Natalia V., Valdez-Moreno, Martha, Hebert, Paul D. N. (2008): DNA barcodes for Cladocera and Copepoda from Mexico and Guatemala, highlights and new discoveries. Zootaxa 1839 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1839.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1839.1.1
038987B1DF1BFF8BC1D7FA0BFDD85FAC.text	038987B1DF1BFF8BC1D7FA0BFDD85FAC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alona Baird 1843	<div><p>Genus Alona Baird, 1843 and Leberis Smirnov, 1989</p> <p>Sinev et al. (2006) recently moved Alona diaphana - davidi to the genus Leberis. Our barcode results agree with this proposal, because we observed more than 19% divergence between this genus and the most closely related species of Alona. We encountered two species belonging to the L. davidi complex, one close to L. davidi Richard s. str., while the other represents a related form that proved to be a new species (Elías-Gutiérrez &amp; Valdez-Moreno 2008). Both phenotypes showed clear morphological differences in the second antenna, thoracic limbs and male postabdomen.</p> <p>Alona dentifera (Sars, 1901) was divided in two groups, again with allopatric distributions. Alona cf. dentifera was found in the south, while A. dentifera was found in the northern semi-desert. Unfortunately, only one specimen from the south could be sequenced, so its taxonomic status remains uncertain. Interestingly, both members of the A. dentifera cluster showed less barcode divergence from species of Leberis than from other species of Alona. Sinev et al. (2004) concluded, based on morphological analyses, that there are no reasons to exclude A. dentifera from Alona, although it presents a combination of unique and rare characters, most considered as autapomorphies. Our data suggest that A. dentifera is not a “marginal” species of Alona, as concluded by Sinev et al. (2004), but rather a separate taxon with more than 19% divergence from the rest of the genus.</p> <p>Among the “true” Alona, we obtained sequences from A. setulosa Megard and A. glabra Sars, 1901, the latter first described from Argentina. Although these two species are difficult to separate morphologically (Megard 1967), they are clearly valid species as evidenced by their high barcode divergence. Alona glabra was itself divided into two related genotypes, each broadly distributed from Guatemala to the north of Mexico, with several localities within the Cuatro Ciénegas semi-desert region. It seems that the related form from the north represents a different species.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987B1DF1BFF8BC1D7FA0BFDD85FAC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Elías-Gutiérrez, Manuel;Jerónimo, Fernando Martínez;Ivanova, Natalia V.;Valdez-Moreno, Martha;Hebert, Paul D. N.	Elías-Gutiérrez, Manuel, Jerónimo, Fernando Martínez, Ivanova, Natalia V., Valdez-Moreno, Martha, Hebert, Paul D. N. (2008): DNA barcodes for Cladocera and Copepoda from Mexico and Guatemala, highlights and new discoveries. Zootaxa 1839 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1839.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1839.1.1
038987B1DF1AFF8BC1D7FC11FBA85BAC.text	038987B1DF1AFF8BC1D7FC11FBA85BAC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleuroxus Baird 1843	<div><p>Genus Pleuroxus Baird, 1843</p> <p>According to Smirnov (1996), Pleuroxus is one of the most difficult genera of Chydorinae. Barcoding distinguished two species, both in the north: P. varidentatus Frey and P. denticulatus Birge. The latter species was recently recorded from southern Mexico (Elías-Gutiérrez et al. 2006). Smirnov (1996) suggested that the subgenus Picripleuroxus should be raised to a genus level, but Chiambeng &amp; Dumont (2004) did not support this shift. The high barcode divergences (&gt;20%) between the two species of Pleuroxus supports Smirnov’s stance and accords with Sacherova &amp; Hebert’s (2003) proposal that Pleuroxus should be divided into several genera. Recently, Smirnov et al. (2006) concluded that the phylogeny of Pleuroxus is still not resolved sufficiently to be able to decide on generic or subgeneric boundaries, making it clear that further investigation is required.</p> <p>In general our data for the family Chydoridae agree well with conclusions on generic and species boundaries proposed by Sacherova &amp; Hebert (2003). For example Alona is not monophyletic, and should be partitioned into more than two genera. Part of this work has been done, e.g. the proposal of the new genus Leberis by Smirnov (1989), but work remains as shown in the case of Alona dentifera. The deep divergences found in all groups confirm the hypothesis of an ancient origin for all chydorid lineages.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987B1DF1AFF8BC1D7FC11FBA85BAC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Elías-Gutiérrez, Manuel;Jerónimo, Fernando Martínez;Ivanova, Natalia V.;Valdez-Moreno, Martha;Hebert, Paul D. N.	Elías-Gutiérrez, Manuel, Jerónimo, Fernando Martínez, Ivanova, Natalia V., Valdez-Moreno, Martha, Hebert, Paul D. N. (2008): DNA barcodes for Cladocera and Copepoda from Mexico and Guatemala, highlights and new discoveries. Zootaxa 1839 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1839.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1839.1.1
038987B1DF1AFF8CC1D7F8C6FB845EBC.text	038987B1DF1AFF8CC1D7F8C6FB845EBC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyclopidae Dana 1846	<div><p>Family Cyclopidae Dana, 1846</p> <p>Only two cyclopoid species were included in this study, Tropocyclops parvus Kiefer and Thermocyclops inversus Kiefer, both from Peten Lake. The former species, recently re-described by Dumont (2006), is an extremely small (less than 0.4 mm) pelagic copepod. These two genotypes showed deep barcode divergence (&gt;40%), but members of each species showed little sequence variation (0.02%).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987B1DF1AFF8CC1D7F8C6FB845EBC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Elías-Gutiérrez, Manuel;Jerónimo, Fernando Martínez;Ivanova, Natalia V.;Valdez-Moreno, Martha;Hebert, Paul D. N.	Elías-Gutiérrez, Manuel, Jerónimo, Fernando Martínez, Ivanova, Natalia V., Valdez-Moreno, Martha, Hebert, Paul D. N. (2008): DNA barcodes for Cladocera and Copepoda from Mexico and Guatemala, highlights and new discoveries. Zootaxa 1839 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1839.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1839.1.1
038987B1DF1DFF8CC1D7FD83FB3E5DF2.text	038987B1DF1DFF8CC1D7FD83FB3E5DF2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Arctodiaptomus Kiefer 1932	<div><p>Genus Arctodiaptomus Kiefer, 1932</p> <p>Arctodiaptomus dorsalis probably represents another species complex athough Suárez-Morales &amp; Elías-Gutiérrez (2001) recently synonymized Arctodiaptomus dampfi Brehm from Peten Lake with A. dorsalis, originally described from Louisiana. Barcode analyses indicated that the population of A. dorsalis from Peten Lake (Guatemala) is conspecific with those from the Yucatan, but also revealed the likely occurrence of at least four species in this complex. The population from Lachua Lake (A. cf. dorsalis 1) showed nearly 7% COI divergence from the Yucatan/ Peten Lake populations. Two additional lineages showing high COI divergence were also collected; the first one from the Sonora desert and the second one from the central region (Fig. 1.5). No morphological characters were found to distinguish these four lineages.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987B1DF1DFF8CC1D7FD83FB3E5DF2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Elías-Gutiérrez, Manuel;Jerónimo, Fernando Martínez;Ivanova, Natalia V.;Valdez-Moreno, Martha;Hebert, Paul D. N.	Elías-Gutiérrez, Manuel, Jerónimo, Fernando Martínez, Ivanova, Natalia V., Valdez-Moreno, Martha, Hebert, Paul D. N. (2008): DNA barcodes for Cladocera and Copepoda from Mexico and Guatemala, highlights and new discoveries. Zootaxa 1839 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1839.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1839.1.1
038987B1DF1DFF8DC1D7FC66FBD85EBC.text	038987B1DF1DFF8DC1D7FC66FBD85EBC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mastigodiaptomus Light 1939	<div><p>Genus Mastigodiaptomus Light, 1939</p> <p>Three lineages of Mastigodiaptomus were found in a single small pond in the Yucatan. One of these lineages was Mastigodiaptomus reidae Suárez-Morales &amp; Elías-Gutiérrez, described from a site near this locality (Suárez-Morales &amp; Elías-Gutiérrez, 2000). The other two forms are closely related to this species, one lineage with 3% COI divergence also shows a differing shape of the male fifth thoracopod. The third lineage of Mastigodiaptomus seems to represent another undescribed species, with small but consistent morphological differences. This is the first report of three species of a single calanoid genus, similar in shape and size, coexisting in a single small habitat.</p> <p>Another species within the same genus, Mastigodipatomus albuquerquensis (Herrick), is one of the most morphologically distinctive species of freshwater copepods in the southern United States and Mexico (Suárez-Morales &amp; Elías-Gutiérrez 2000). Any specimen with a butterfly-like sclerotization of the male second basipod of the right fifth leg has traditionally been assigned to this species, but barcoding confirmed earlier suspicions of overlooked diversity. For example, Kiefer (1938) assigned the population in Patzcuaro Lake to a different subspecies, D. albuquerquensis patzcuarensis and Pearse (1904) described Diaptomus lehmeri from Mexico City, although it was later synonymized by Marsh (1907) with D. albuquerquensis. Our data suggest the occurrence of at least two (or even three) sibling species with disjunct distributions in Mexico (Fig. 1.6). The first species, M. albuquerquensis, was only found in the northern semi-desert region while the second (and possibly third), M. cf. albuquerquensis (lehmeri ?), was apparently restricted to the Central Plateau, in localities close to Patzcuaro Lake, suggesting that they could actually be M. lehmeri. On the other hand, due to its broad geographic range, Bowman (1986) suggested that M. albuquerquensis was the original form which dispersed phoretically to the Caribbean islands, giving rise to another species, Mastigodiaptomus nesus Bowman. Another barcode lineage, present near the Pacific coast was morphologically close to M. nesus, but some subtle variations were noticed. Cervantes-Martínez et al. (2005) reported size differences between M. nesus from the Yucatan and the Caribbean islands. Possibly these could be different species whose status can be clarified by barcoding and other molecular analyses. Although the ID tree is not considered a hypothesis on evolutionary history, some clues about the relationships (especially on branching patterns at the tips of the tree) can be inferred from it, and M. cf. nesus appears close to M. albuquerquensis.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987B1DF1DFF8DC1D7FC66FBD85EBC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Elías-Gutiérrez, Manuel;Jerónimo, Fernando Martínez;Ivanova, Natalia V.;Valdez-Moreno, Martha;Hebert, Paul D. N.	Elías-Gutiérrez, Manuel, Jerónimo, Fernando Martínez, Ivanova, Natalia V., Valdez-Moreno, Martha, Hebert, Paul D. N. (2008): DNA barcodes for Cladocera and Copepoda from Mexico and Guatemala, highlights and new discoveries. Zootaxa 1839 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1839.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1839.1.1
038987B1DF1CFF8DC1D7FEB9FE715CC2.text	038987B1DF1CFF8DC1D7FEB9FE715CC2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptodiaptomus Light 1938	<div><p>Genus Leptodiaptomus Light, 1938</p> <p>Barcode analysis revealed that Leptodiaptomus novamexicanus (Herrick) was a group of species, reinforcing earlier conclusions based on morphology. Osorio-Tafall (1942) was the first to make this suggestion, describing Leptodiaptomus garciai from the unique saline Alchichica Crater Lake. Our barcoding results, together with data on ecophysiology, morphology and breeding studies (Montiel et al, 2008) support recognition of this species as a valid taxon, in opposition to the synonymy proposed by Wilson (1959). Moreover, in the State of Mexico, we found two related, but definitely different forms of L. novamexicanus. Again it is necessary to compare specimens from the type locality (a reservoir in Albuquerque, New Mexico) with those found in the central plateau of Mexico.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987B1DF1CFF8DC1D7FEB9FE715CC2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Elías-Gutiérrez, Manuel;Jerónimo, Fernando Martínez;Ivanova, Natalia V.;Valdez-Moreno, Martha;Hebert, Paul D. N.	Elías-Gutiérrez, Manuel, Jerónimo, Fernando Martínez, Ivanova, Natalia V., Valdez-Moreno, Martha, Hebert, Paul D. N. (2008): DNA barcodes for Cladocera and Copepoda from Mexico and Guatemala, highlights and new discoveries. Zootaxa 1839 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1839.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1839.1.1
038987B1DF16FF88C1D7F8D8FE925F64.text	038987B1DF16FF88C1D7F8D8FE925F64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Latonopsis Sars 1888	<div><p>Genus Latonopsis Sars, 1888</p> <p>Another sidid, Latonopsis australis (Sars) s. str., originally described from Australia is definitively not present in Mexico. Instead this genus is now thought to include a group of species (Korovchinsky 1992), with records all around the world, including tropical and temperate regions. Again, it is necessary to barcode specimens from different regions and from the type locality in Australia to establish the taxonomic status of Mexican populations.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987B1DF16FF88C1D7F8D8FE925F64	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Elías-Gutiérrez, Manuel;Jerónimo, Fernando Martínez;Ivanova, Natalia V.;Valdez-Moreno, Martha;Hebert, Paul D. N.	Elías-Gutiérrez, Manuel, Jerónimo, Fernando Martínez, Ivanova, Natalia V., Valdez-Moreno, Martha, Hebert, Paul D. N. (2008): DNA barcodes for Cladocera and Copepoda from Mexico and Guatemala, highlights and new discoveries. Zootaxa 1839 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1839.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1839.1.1
038987B1DF19FF89C1D7FA9BFC1A5DCC.text	038987B1DF19FF89C1D7FA9BFC1A5DCC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceriodaphnia Dana 1853	<div><p>Genus Ceriodaphnia Dana, 1853</p> <p>This genus is one of the most confusing among the Daphniidae. Some species, such as the cornuta - rigaudi complex show morphological diversity, and have broad distributions. We found several morphs belonging to this complex showing deep barcode divergence, but any effort to clarify their relationship to named species will demand barcode and morphological analysis of topotype material. In this regard, we note that C. cornuta was originally described from Australia (Sars 1885) while C. rigaudi Richard was described from Tonkin (Vietnam) by Richard (1894b).</p> <p>One species in our collections showing deep barcode divergence is an unnamed taxon (Ceriodaphnia sp.) from intermittent pools in the northern semi-desert regions. It possesses long, thick hairs emerging from the valves and a minute but constant rostral projection. Three more barcode lineages were all identified as Ceriodaphnia cf. rigaudi (named C. cf. rigaudi 1 to 3), due to their lack of any additional projection from the head (except the rostral protuberance) and their rounded fornices, (C. cornuta invariably possesses spines on its fornices). Figure 1.2 shows that the first cluster is narrowly distributed in the semi-desert regions of northern Mexico, while the second one is restricted to the south, near the coast in the Gulf of Mexico to Guatemala. In this cluster, the morph collected near Lachua Lake (Guatemala, Alta Verapaz) has a slightly shorter rostrum and lacks hair, while other forms are haired, similar to the variability observed by Berner (1985). The third lineage of C. rigaudi Richard was only found in the Yucatan Peninsula, but because only one specimen gave a good sequence, it is premature to draw any final conclusion. Although all three phenotypes show slight morphological differences from C. rigaudi s. str., there is difficulty in identifying morphological traits that discriminate them because of the high variability within each taxon.</p> <p>In the northern semi-desert region, we found another species closely related to C. acanthina Ross, described from Manitoba (Canada), sharing its strong reticulation of the valves and short spinules. Because true C. acanthina, according to several authors, is restricted to the north of the continent, we identify our isolate as C. cf. acanthina.</p> <p>Another species, closely related to C. laticaudata Müller described from Denmark, was found in ponds on the central plateau in the highlands of Mexico. Despite the geographic separation, our populations shared the projected dorsum of the postabdomen before the anus typical of this species. Similar forms have been found elsewhere, including South America (Paggi 1986). This form was placed far from another C. cf. laticaudata 1, with a much wider projection from the dorsum of the postabdomen, and with postabdominal claws that are of a more constant length. C. cf. laticaudata 1 was only found in one locality in a semi-desert region in Cuatro Ciénegas. It is important to note that ponds and lakes from this valley are rich in endemics ranging from invertebrates to vertebrates (i.e. Moline et al. 2004; Trapani 2003).</p> <p>Finally, a highly variable and widely distributed taxon named C. cf. dubia was found from the north of the continent (Pinehurst Lake, Ontario, Canada) to Guatemala (Peten Lake) (Fig. 1.3). Limp &amp; Fernando (1978) named the taxon inhabiting Pinehurst Lake as C. quadrangula (O.F. Müller), but according to Berner (1992), it is restricted to Newfoundland. In general terms, our Ceriodaphnia shows a different morphology than C. dubia Richard s. str. (sensu Berner 1992), but this material should be compared with topotypes of this species which was originally described from Sumatra by Richard (1894a).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987B1DF19FF89C1D7FA9BFC1A5DCC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Elías-Gutiérrez, Manuel;Jerónimo, Fernando Martínez;Ivanova, Natalia V.;Valdez-Moreno, Martha;Hebert, Paul D. N.	Elías-Gutiérrez, Manuel, Jerónimo, Fernando Martínez, Ivanova, Natalia V., Valdez-Moreno, Martha, Hebert, Paul D. N. (2008): DNA barcodes for Cladocera and Copepoda from Mexico and Guatemala, highlights and new discoveries. Zootaxa 1839 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1839.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1839.1.1
038987B1DF18FF89C1D7FB93FC7B5B6A.text	038987B1DF18FF89C1D7FB93FC7B5B6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Simocephalus Schoedler 1858	<div><p>Genus Simocephalus Schoedler, 1858</p> <p>Eight species of Simocephalus were encountered in our survey. Simocephalus exspinosus (Koch) was restricted to the central plateau, while S. punctatus Orlova-Bienkowskaja was only found in the north. S. mixtus Sars was also detected in the north, but a morphologically similar species (S. cf. mixtus), with high divergence (14.39%) occurred on the central plateau. A smaller difference was found within the S. punctatus complex (4.6%). Both of these cases seem to involve cryptic species.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987B1DF18FF89C1D7FB93FC7B5B6A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Elías-Gutiérrez, Manuel;Jerónimo, Fernando Martínez;Ivanova, Natalia V.;Valdez-Moreno, Martha;Hebert, Paul D. N.	Elías-Gutiérrez, Manuel, Jerónimo, Fernando Martínez, Ivanova, Natalia V., Valdez-Moreno, Martha, Hebert, Paul D. N. (2008): DNA barcodes for Cladocera and Copepoda from Mexico and Guatemala, highlights and new discoveries. Zootaxa 1839 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1839.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1839.1.1
038987B1DF1BFF8AC1D7FC63FB5C5ACA.text	038987B1DF1BFF8AC1D7FC63FB5C5ACA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrothrix Baird 1843	<div><p>Genus Macrothrix Baird, 1843</p> <p>Barcoding results demonstrated that M. elegans Sars, a species recently re-instated by Kotov et al. (2004), is widely distributed from Guatemala to the north of Mexico, but the species dwells far south to Argentina (see Kotov et al. 2004). It seems to be common in many ponds and lakes from the tropical regions.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987B1DF1BFF8AC1D7FC63FB5C5ACA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Elías-Gutiérrez, Manuel;Jerónimo, Fernando Martínez;Ivanova, Natalia V.;Valdez-Moreno, Martha;Hebert, Paul D. N.	Elías-Gutiérrez, Manuel, Jerónimo, Fernando Martínez, Ivanova, Natalia V., Valdez-Moreno, Martha, Hebert, Paul D. N. (2008): DNA barcodes for Cladocera and Copepoda from Mexico and Guatemala, highlights and new discoveries. Zootaxa 1839 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1839.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1839.1.1
038987B1DF16FF87C1D7FAE5FC3C5888.text	038987B1DF16FF87C1D7FAE5FC3C5888.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diaphanosoma Fisher 1850	<div><p>Genus Diaphanosoma Fisher, 1850</p> <p>Based on morphological studies, Korovchinsky (2002; 2005) concluded that D. birgei is a species complex in North America. Our results support this conclusion, revealing that specimens fall into four genetically divergent lineages. Specimens of D. birgei from its type locality (Pinehurst Lake, ON) showed 14.15% divergence from their nearest neighbour (Diaphanosoma sp. 2). The other three lineages included two possibly undescribed species, morphologically similar to the recently described D. heberti Korovchinsky. However, their status remains indeterminate until specimens from the proximity to the type locality (Newfoundland, Canada) are barcoded and their detailed morphological traits are analyzed. The third lineage is almost certainly another undescribed species related to this group (Diaphanosoma sp. 1).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987B1DF16FF87C1D7FAE5FC3C5888	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Elías-Gutiérrez, Manuel;Jerónimo, Fernando Martínez;Ivanova, Natalia V.;Valdez-Moreno, Martha;Hebert, Paul D. N.	Elías-Gutiérrez, Manuel, Jerónimo, Fernando Martínez, Ivanova, Natalia V., Valdez-Moreno, Martha, Hebert, Paul D. N. (2008): DNA barcodes for Cladocera and Copepoda from Mexico and Guatemala, highlights and new discoveries. Zootaxa 1839 (1): 1-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1839.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1839.1.1
