identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
D207767CFFB6FF8BFF6CFD77FC64FD73.text	D207767CFFB6FF8BFF6CFD77FC64FD73.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ipirophthalmus crusulus Forman & Schnabel 2021	<div><p>Ipirophthalmus crusulus sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs. 2–7, 14)</p> <p>Petalophthalmus sp. MNZ.— Webber et al. 2010: 219 (list, part).</p> <p>Material examined. Type material. Holotype. NIWA 135618, adult female (4.9 mm CL, 24.4 mm TL), Chatham Rise, RV Tangaroa, TAN 0705/251, -42.996, 178.996, 24/04/2007, 520– 530 m, hyperbenthic sled. Allotype. NIWA 135620, adult male (4.3 mm CL, 22.3 mm TL), Chatham Rise, FV Arrow, stn Z18647, -44.692, -176.633, 26/11/1986, 890– 912 m, plankton net. Paratypes. NIWA 135619, adult female, dissected (4.6 mm CL, 22.1 mm TL), Chatham Rise, TAN0705/251, -42.996, 178.996, 24/04/2007, 520– 530 m, hyperbenthic sled. NIWA 157310, juvenile male, (4.5 mm CL, 20.9 mm TL), Chatham Rise, TAN0705/251, -42.996, 178.996, 24/04/2007, 520– 530 m, hyperbenthic sled.</p> <p>Additional material. NIWA 78906, 2 adult females (5.2 mm CL, 24.8 mm TL, damaged), juvenile female (4.5 mm CL, 20.4 mm TL), TAN1116/96, lot 1275, -42.859, 177.922, 14/11/2011, 570– 575 m, beam trawl. NIWA 78994, 4 juvenile males (2.7 mm CL, 13.1 mm TL, 3.8 mm CL, 18.3 mm TL 4.2 mm CL, 20.6 mm TL, 4.4 mm CL, 19.4 mm TL), 2 juvenile females (2.7 mm CL, 13.1 mm TL 4.0 mm CL, 21.3 mm TL), TAN1116/105, lot 1395, -42.897, 177.835, 15/11/2011, 420– 423 m, top net, hyperbenthic sled. NIWA 141483, 5 adult females (5.0 mm CL, 25.4 mm TL, 4.3 mm CL, 21.1 mm TL, 4.8 mm CL, 22.3 mm TL, 4.9 mm CL, 23.3 mm TL, 5.0 mm CL, 24.9 mm TL), TAN0705/251, lot 3591, -42.996, 178. 996, 24/04/2007, 520– 530 m, hyperbenthic sled. NIWA 141484, juvenile female (2.9 mm CL, 11.0 mm TL), TAN0707/29, lot 341, -38.618, 168.943, 29/05/2007, 480– 482 m, hyperbenthic sled. NIWA 141807, 3 adult females, 12 juvenile females, 14 juvenile males, (not measured), TAN0705/285, lot 4061, -43.797, 175.316, 27/04/2007, 418– 422 m, top net elutriate, hyperbenthic sled. NIWA 147409, two adult females (4.8 mm CL, no TL, 5.3 mm CL, no TL), stn Z18641, -44.180, 176.745, 4/11/1986, 673–673, plankton net. NIWA 147410, adult female (4.7 mm CL, 20.0 mm TL), adult male (5.3 mm CL, 22.0, mm TL), stn Z18645, -44.327, 178.528, 23/11/1986, 700– 702 m, plankton net. NIWA 147411, adult male (4.3 mm CL, 19.5 mm TL), stn Z18651, -39.793, 178.388, 6/10/1990, 700– 800 m, plankton net. NIWA 147412, 3 adult females (4.9 mm CL, 22.5 mm TL, 5.0 mm CL, 22.5 mm TL, 5.0 mm CL, 23.0 mm TL), adult male (4.6 mm CL, no TL), stn Z18650, -43.392, 173.926, 26/09/1990, 676– 669 m, plankton net. NIWA 147413, adult female (4.9 mm CL, 23.2 mm TL), stn Z18640, -43. 900, 177.900, 02/11/1986, 630– 657 m, plankton net. NIWA 147414, adult female, (5.8 mm CL, 26.1 mm TL), stn Z18638, -43.995, 178.677, 01/11/1986, 746– 806 m, plankton net. NIWA 147415, 3 adult females, (4.9 mm CL, 22.4 TL, 4.9 mm CL, 22.5 mm TL, too damaged to measure), stn Z18469, -42.974, 174.128, 25/09/1990, 1090– 1116 m, plankton net. NIWA 147416, juvenile female (4.5 mm CL, 21.0 mm TL) stn Z18638, -43.995, 178.6767, 1/11/1986, 746– 806 m, plankton net. NIWA 147417, 3 adult females (4.4 mm CL, 21.3 mm TL, 4.9 mm CL, 23.2 mm TL, 5.0 mm CL, 22.3 mm TL, CL 5.3 mm CL, 23.9 mm TL), 5 juvenile females (4.5 mm CL, 21.1 mm TL, 4,5 mm CL, 20.5 mm TL, 4.5 mm CL, 20.6 mm TL, 4.6 mm CL, 20.9 mm TL, 4.7 mm CL, 23.0 mm TL), 3 adult males (3.9 mm CL, 18.8 mm TL, 4.7 mm CL, 21.2 mm TL, 4.8 mm CL, 22.4 mm TL), 2 juvenile males (4.2 mm CL, 17.8 mm TL, 4.3 mm CL, 17.9 mm TL), stn Z18647, -44.692, 176.633, 26/11/1986, 890– 912 m, plankton net. NIWA 147418, 15 specimens, not measured (damaged), stn Z18646, -44.308, -178.240, 23/11/1986, 633– 637 m, plankton net. NIWA 147419, juvenile female (4.3 mm CL, 17,2 mm TL), stn Z18652, - 39.662, 178.413, 6/10/1990, 685– 800 m, plankton net. NIWA 147420, 4 adult females (3.9 mm CL, 18.8 mm TL, 5.2 mm CL, 23.6 mm TL, 5.4 mm CL, 21.4 mm TL, 5.5 mm CL, 23.7 mm TL), 2 juveniles (damaged), stn Z18654, -40.650, 176.953, 2/10/1990, 646– 702 m, plankton net. NIWA 147421, juvenile male (4.0 CL, 19.2 mm TL), stn V387, -43.827, 176.997, 16/09/ 1989, 498 m, Agassiz trawl. NIWA 148017, 2 juvenile females (3.0 mm CL, 13.2 mm TL, 2.4 mm CL, 9.6 mm TL), juvenile male (3.1 mm CL, 15.0 mm TL), TAN1116/105, -42.897, 177.835, 15/11/2011, 420– 423 m, hyperbenthic sled. NIWA 148018, 2 juvenile females (2.6 mm CL, 11.5 mm TL, 2.7 mm CL, 11.7 mm TL), TAN0705/255, -43.530, 178.505, 24/04/2007, 346– 346 m, top net elutriate, hyperbenthic sled. NIWA 148019, juvenile female (3.4 mm CL, 16.5 mm TL), TAN0705/41, lot 641, -43.836, 176.709, 05/04/2007, 478– 479 m, hyperbenthic sled. NIWA 148020, juvenile male (3.4 mm CL, 14.5 mm TL), TAN0705/160, -42.782, - 176.715, 16/04/2007, 1023– 1026 m, top net elutriate, hyperbenthic sled. NIWA 148021, four juveniles (1.1 mm CL, 5.1 mm TL, 1.2 mm CL, 5.2 mm TL, 1.4 mm CL, 5.5 mm TL, 1.5 mm CL, 5.8 mm TL), TAN0707/119, -40.880, 170.856, 6/06/2007, 529– 534 m, top net elutriate, hyperbenthic sled. NIWA 148022, juvenile male (4.5 mm CL, 19.4 mm TL), TAN0707/119, -40.880, 170.856, 6/06/2007, 529– 534 m, top net, hyperbenthic sled.</p> <p>Etymology. Derived as a diminutive form (-ulus) of the Latin word for leg (crūs), referring to the very small sixth to eighth thoracic endopods.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Rostrum short, raised, and acute. Eyes stalked, cornea pigmented, small ocular papilla present on mesial margin. Carapace short, thin, semi-transparent, last 3 thoracic somites exposed dorsally. First thoracopods without exopod and basal lobe, with epipod. Second thoracopods without exopod, basal lobe, or epipod, ischium lobe not overreaching merus. Third and fourth thoracopods absent in females, rudimentary in males. Sixth to eighth thoracic endopods greatly reduced. Female pleopods uniramous, male pleopods biramous. Lateral margins of telson armed with 19–21 cuspidate setae along the distal 0.6 portion, apex slightly emarginate and armed with 10 robust serrate setae and 4 long plumose setae.</p> <p>Description. Body slender, cephalothorax 0.41 × TL, pleon 0.47 × TL, telson 0.12 × TL, carapace 0.19 × TL. Pleonite long and thin, able to flex upwards and downwards. Pleonites 1–3 subequal in length, 0.12 × TPL, pleonites 4–5 subequal, 0.18 × TPL, pleonite 6 longest, 0.27 × TPL (Fig. 2A, 14).</p> <p>Carapace (Fig. 2A) short, thin, semi-transparent, anterior margin concave, cervical sulcus weak; rostrum triangular in lateral view, short, sharp, and raised, just overreaching the anterior margin of carapace; dorsomedial tubercle lies directly behind the base of the rostrum; border between the rostrum and the rounded anterolateral corner concave, armed in the middle with a small, raised, triangular tooth, lateral border extends to the basis of second thoracic limb then gradually rises upwards to the posterior-lateral corner exposing the ventral half of the sixth thoracic somite, posterior margin concave, exposing the last three thoracic somites.</p> <p>Eyes pyriform, well developed, 1.6 × as long as broad; cornea pigmented, broader than stalk, occupying distal 0.5 of eye stalk; small ocular papilla on proximal third of mesial margin of eye stalk (Fig. 2B).</p> <p>Antennule peduncle (Fig. 2B, D) very long, slender, 3-articulate; first article longest, armed with 4 setae at dorsal mid-point, 1 cuspidate seta near the dorsodistal margin, several long setae surround the distal margin, 1.4 × longer than second, 2.7 × longer than third; distal margin of second article surrounded by long simple setae; third article with 3 long setae on dorsodistal lobe, outer flagellum is thinner and shorter than inner, first article with longitudinal crista (Fig. 2E). Males’ outer flagellum wider and shorter than inner; in mature males outer flagellum swollen at base, densely covered in fine setae when fully mature.</p> <p>Antenna peduncle (Fig. 2C) 3-articulate, subequal in length to scale; first article short with 1 acute and 1 obtuse process on the inner margin; second article slender and long with 2 long setae on distal margin; third article slightly longer than second with 6 long setae on distal margin, flagellum short and thin. Antennal scale lanceolate, slender, 9 × longer than wide, subequal in length to second article of antennular peduncle, covered with seta except for a small portion (0.1) of posterior lateral margin.</p> <p>Mandibular palps (Fig. 3A) very long and prehensile, 3-articulate; first article very small; second article long and robust, 7 strong setae along ventral margin, 9 smaller setae on ventromesial margin, dorsoproximal lobe with small cuspidate seta; third article long and narrow, 0.6 × as long as the second, armed with 9 very long, curved, spine-like setae, 4 mesial, 2 ventral, 3 terminal. In very mature males, long setae with 2 densely lined rows of short, blade-like setules, develop along the ventral margin of the third article (Fig. 3B). Right mandible (Fig. 3C) with incisor process comprised of 4 spines and chitinous ridge, molar process (not shown) with 2 non-chitinous ridges. Left mandible (Fig. 3D) incisor process with 2 proximally close-set spines, chitinous ridge, and small distal spine, lacinia mobilis chitinous with three small spines, molar process (not shown) with 2 non-chitinous ridges, outer ridge with parallel outer row of setae.</p> <p>Labrum (Fig. 3E) symmetrical with lobes on anterolateral margins, tuft of short setae on posterior margin.</p> <p>Maxilla (Fig. 3F) 3-articulate. First article with elongate exopod, outer margin and half of the inner margin with long pappose setae, inner margin with one naked endite; second article with four short lobes with pappose setae; third article long and narrow, 3 × as long as broad, densely setose on outer and distal margin, single median pappose seta on the inner margin.</p> <p>Maxillule (Fig. 3G) upper lobe armed distally with 10 strong cuspidate serrate setae arranged in a combination of 2 singles, 3 pairs, and 2 singles, each seta armed with 3–4 serrations, lower lobe armed distally with 3 simple setae.</p> <p>First thoracopod (Fig. 4A) with long narrow epipod, without exopod; basis without lobe; preischium small, inner margin of ischium produced into conical lobe with 1 strong terminal setae; merus slightly larger than ischium; carpopropodus swollen, almost twice the length of merus; dactylus long terminating with 1 long, curved nail.</p> <p>Second thoracopod (Fig. 4B) elongate and slender, longer than first thoracopod, without exopod and epipod. Basis lobe absent; ischium lobe long and rectangular, reaching three-quarter length of merus, armed with short cuspidate setae along ventral margin and long and short cuspidate setae interspersed along distal margin; merus long and robust, ventral margin proximal half armed with 3 long cuspidate setae, distal half with 3 pairs of closely set long and short cuspidate setae, dorsomedial margin armed with 5 downward and anteriorly pointing cuspidate setae, distal setae much longer than proximal; carpopropodus oval, robust, shorter than merus, dorsal margin armed with 3 short cuspidate setae, inner subdorsal margin armed proximally with 3 long downward and anteriorly pointing cuspidate setae, ventral margin armed with a row of long and short cuspidate setae and 3 distal simple setae; dactylus fused with nail to form a long, curved claw with long simple setae on the proximal inner and outer margin.</p> <p>Third and fourth thoracic endopods absent in females (Fig. 4C–D). Male endopods rudimentary, 3-articulate; first article of exopod greatly enlarged (Fig. 4E).</p> <p>Fifth thoracopod (Fig. 5A) long and slender, terminating in a dense tuft of setae. Preischium shorter than ischium; ischium 0.3 of merus; merus subequal to carpopropodus.</p> <p>Sixth to eighth thoracopods (Fig 5B–D) very short and slender, 4-articulate with 2 terminal setae on fourth article.</p> <p>Thoracic exopods similar in size, 14–16-articulate.</p> <p>Marsupium composed of seven pairs of oostegites, first pair rudimentary, seventh pair with small ventilation lobe (Fig. 4C, D, 5A–D).</p> <p>Pleopods uniramous in females (Fig. 6A–E), increasing in length towards posterior pairs. First pleopod 1- articulate. Second to fifth pleopods 2-articulate, long fragile pappose setae adorning distal end (not shown). Male pleopods biramous (Fig. 6F–J). First pleopod endopod 2-articulate, articles short, exopod first article long, followed by 15 short setose articles. Second pleopod endopod first article broad, followed by 13 short setose articles, exopod with first and second article long, followed by 13 short setose articles, second article with three long, flattened pappose setae, setae increasing in length with maturity. Third pleopod endopod first article broad, followed by 13 short setose articles, exopod with 18 articles. Fourth pleopod endopod first article broad, second article elongated, followed by eight short setose articles, exopod first article long, followed by 14 short setose articles. Fifth pleopod endopod with 14 articles, exopod with 17 articles. Juvenile male pleopods (Fig. 6K–O) sympod short, narrow; endopods increasing in length towards posterior pairs, similar in shape to female pleopods; exopods 1–5 of similar size.</p> <p>Telson (Fig. 7) rectangular, 3 × as long as broad; lateral margins armed with 19–21 spines along posterior 0.6 of telson length; posterior margin slightly emarginated, armed with one median serrate seta, 3 shorter serrate setae on each side from which 4 long plumose setae arise, and 3 longer serrate setae on apical lobes.</p> <p>Uropod endopod (Fig. 7) narrow, lanceolate, setose along entire margin, without spines, longer than telson. Exopod longer than endopod, 2-articulate, 8 × as long as wide, distal article 0.25 length of proximal article, narrower than proximal article, fully setose, lateral margin of proximal article without setae, armed on distal corner with one small cuspidate seta and a longer, stouter cuspidate seta, and then a longer, slender plumose seta.</p> <p>Distribution. Known from the Challenger Plateau, Chatham Rise, and eastern waters of the lower North Island. Depth range: 346–1348 m (Fig. 1).</p> <p>Remarks. The diagnostic features of the genus Ipirophthalmus are: antennal scale setose all around; eyes with well-developed, pigmented cornea; anterior margin of carapace with rostrum flanked by a pair of processes; thoracic endopods 5–8 slender, each with more than three segments; flagellum of thoracic exopods 3–8 with 10–14 segments; male pleopods biramous, female pleopods uniramous or biramous; telson large, subquadrangular, terminal margin truncate without or with distinct mid-terminal emargination, terminal margin with two submedian groups of small teeth, with 7–8 large, toothed spines and 1–2 pairs of long setae, these setae arising from the emargination, if present, otherwise from homologous submedian position (Wittmann 2020). Ipirophthalmus crusulus sp. nov. shares these diagnostic characters and is placed in this genus.</p> <p>Ipirophthalmus crusulus sp. nov. can easily be distinguished from its four congeners by the rudimentary endopods of the sixth to eight thoracopods. This appears to be similar to Parapetalophthalmus suluensis that shares rudimentary endopods of the sixth to eight thoracopods. However, our new species does not share the diagnostic characters of the genus Parapetalophthalmus. In the latter the rostrum is absent, the endopods of the third and fourth thoracopods are well-developed, the proximal two-thirds of the outer margin of the antennal scale is naked, the female pleopods are biramous, and the eyes are elongated and without papillae. Within the genus Ipirophthalmus only I. oculatus has modified endopods in that they lack a dactylus and are reduced (thought by Pillai (1968) to be a result of regeneration); however, in I. crusulus sp. nov. they are still much shorter and smaller. Ipirophthalmus oculatus also differs in the distinct “long and slender pedicel” (Pillai 1968: 284) that the eyes are connected to. Compared to I. liui, differences include the ischium lobe of the second thoracopod which is longer than the merus (shorter than merus in I. crusulus sp. nov.), scale longer than antenna (shorter than antenna in I. crusulus sp. nov.), third article of mandibular palp less than half the length of second article (0.6 in I. crusulus sp. nov.), and uropodal endopod similar in length to the exopod (exopod longer in I. crusulus). Ipirophthalmus caribbeanus differs in the carapace, which is anteriorly truncate (concave in I. crusulus sp. nov.), the long and slender third and fourth thoracopods (absent in female I. crusulus sp. nov. and rudimentary in males), and the biramous female pleopods (uniramous in I. crusulus sp. nov.). Ipirophthalmus macrops differs with its larger eyes, third article of mandibular palp less than half the length of second article (vs. 0.6 times as long).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D207767CFFB6FF8BFF6CFD77FC64FD73	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Forman, Jeffrey S.;Schnabel, Kareen E.	Forman, Jeffrey S., Schnabel, Kareen E. (2021): Two new species of Petalophthalmus and Ipirophthalmus (Crustacea: Mysida: Petalophthalmidae), from New Zealand. Zootaxa 5061 (3): 451-475, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5061.3.3
D207767CFFBEFF93FF6CFA71FCFAFCB8.text	D207767CFFBEFF93FF6CFA71FCFAFCB8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Petalophthalmus lobatus Forman & Schnabel 2021	<div><p>Petalophthalmus lobatus sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs. 8–14)</p> <p>Petalophthalmus sp. MNZ.— Webber et al. 2010: 219 (list, part).</p> <p>Material examined. Type material. Holotype. NIWA 135622, adult female (7.5 mm CL, 34.5 mm TL), Chatham Rise, FV Arrow, stn Z18642, -44.567, 176.710, 04/11/1986, 1070– 1079 m, plankton net. Allotype. NIWA 147408, adult male (7.1 mm CL, 32.0 mm TL), Chatham Rise, FV Arrow, stn Z18637, -44.512, -177.990, 909– 931 m, plankton net. Paratypes. NIWA 147401, adult female (6.7 mm CL, 30.1 mm TL), Challenger Plateau, FV Will Watch, stn Z18656, -39.888, 168.014, 15/07/1990, 905– 932 m, plankton net. NIWA 135623, juvenile male (5.1 mm CL, 21.9 mm TL), Chatham Rise, FV Arrow, stn Z18642, -44.567, 176.710, 04/11/1986, 1070– 1079 m, plankton net.</p> <p>Additional material. NIWA 147403, adult female (7.9 mm CL, 39.0 TL) stn Z18641, -44.145, 176.767, 4/11/1986, 673–673, plankton net. NIWA 147399, adult female (7.6 mm CL, 34.8 TL) stn Z18643, -44.625, 176.268, 5/11/1986, 1000–1030, plankton net. NIWA 10754, adult female (7.2 mm CL, 33.7 TL) stn S200, -43.050, 173.862, 1/11/1979, 1400– 1400 m, hyperbenthic sled. NIWA 147422, juvenile male (6.4 mm CL, 28.4 TL) stn P971, -41.198, 177.327, 18/06/1980, 2200– 2200 m, hyperbenthic sled. NIWA 147406, adult female (unmeasurable) stn Z18648, -44.098, 179.812, 29/11/1986, 600– 643 m, plankton net. NIWA 147400, 2 juvenile females (3.6 mm CL, 14.8 mm TL, 4.0 mm CL, 16.9 mm TL), stn Z18655, -39.851, 168.026, 15/07/1990, 886– 914 m, plankton net. NIWA 147402, adult female without marsupium (6.1 mm, 30.9 mm TL), stn Z18644, -44.4617, -178.6500, 23/11/1986, 968– 968 m, plankton net. NIWA 147405, juvenile female (1.8 mm CL, 8.7 mm TL), stn Z18653, -39.520, 178. 247. 08/10/1990, 740– 764 m, plankton net. NIWA 147407, juvenile male (5.2 mm CL, 22.3 mm TL), stn Z18639, -44.130, 178.527, 02/11/1986, 937– 955 m, plankton net. NIWA 147404, adult male (7.0 mm CL, 35.1 mm TL), TAN1101/05, -42.651, 177.767, 04/01/2011, 1176– 1246 m, from orange roughy stomach.</p> <p>Etymology. Species name derived from the Latin adjective lobātus meaning lobed, referring to the enlarged ventilation lobes on the 7 th oostegites.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Rostrum short, anteriorly produced, acute. Eyes elongate, flattened laterally, small ocular papilla on mesial margin, cornea absent. Carapace with last 2 thoracic somites exposed dorsally. Mandibular palp apical article with 9 long, strong curved spines. First thoracopods without exopod and basal lobe, with epipod. Second thoracopods without basal lobe; ischium lobe overreaching merus. Third and fourth thoracopods endopods reduced to rudimentary lobes in females and short, 3-articulate, rudimentary lobes in adult males. Fifth thoracic endopod fully developed, slender. Sixth to eighth thoracic endopods long and thin. Seventh oostegites with ventilation lobe enlarged, posteriorly produced with set of long straight pappose setae on the inner margin and a set of shorter curved setae on the outer margin. Male pleopods biramous, female pleopods 2-articulate, uniramous except for very mature specimens where the first pleopod develops a small endopod on the first article. Telson armed with three pairs of long robust serrate setae and one short median seta; lateral margins armed with 25–28 small cuspidate setae along the posterior 0.60 of telson.</p> <p>Description. Body moderately robust, cephalothorax 0.32 × TL, pleon 0.53, telson 0.15, carapace 0.23. Sixth pleon width 0.43 of length. Pleonite 1–4, subequal in length, 0.15× TPL, pleonite 5 0.18 × TPL, pleonite 6 0.24 × TPL (Fig. 8A, 14).</p> <p>Carapace (Fig. 8A, B) cuticle thin, posterior margin concave exposing the last two thoracic somites; rostrum triangular in lateral view, short, sharp, anteriorly produced but not overreaching rostral plate; dorsal tubercle directly behind the base of rostrum; border between rostrum and rounded anterolateral corner concave, small, raised triangular tooth where carapace joins the rostral plate; anterolateral corner rounded with small lobe; anteroventral corner with small lobe curving down and slightly inwards; ventral border of carapace extends along to the basis of the fifth thoracopod rising slightly upwards to a short slightly produced and rounded posterolateral lobe; deep cervical sulcus runs from the dorsal to ventral margins (Fig. 8C).</p> <p>Eyes (Fig. 8D, E) without stalk, no visual elements, flattened laterally, small ocular papilla on medial margin in proximal 1/3.</p> <p>Antennule peduncle (Fig. 8D) very long, slender, 1.1 × length of carapace, 3-articulate; first article longest, armed with 4 dorsomedial setae, 1 cuspidate seta near the dorsodistal margin, and several long setae surrounding distal margin, 1.7 × longer than second, 3.4 × longer than third; second article distal margin surrounded by long setae; third article with 3 setae on dorsodistal lobe. Outer flagellum thinner and shorter than inner flagellum, a longitudinal crista on the first article. In mature males outer flagellum swollen, densely covered in setae, wider than inner flagellum.</p> <p>Antenna peduncle (Fig. 8F) 3-articulate, shorter than scale; first article short, one acute process on inner margin; second article slender, long; third article similar in length and size to second, 6 long setae on distal margin; flagellum short, with 5 annulations in holotype (up to 12 in larger females and about 60 in mature males). Antennal scale lanceolate, without apical suture, slender, 7.3 × longer than wide, longer than second article of the antennular peduncle, setose all around.</p> <p>Mandibular palps (Fig. 9A) very long and prehensile, 3-articulate; first article short; second article twice as long as third, 9 strong setae along ventral margin, 9 smaller setae on ventromesial margin, dorsoproximal lobe with small cuspidate seta, ventral margin lined with a row of about 15 very fine simple setae; third article long and narrow, armed with 9 very long, strong, curved setae, 4 inner, 2 ventral, and 3 at the apex. Right mandible (Fig. 9B) incisor process comprised of 4 spines and chitinous ridge; molar process with 2 non-chitinous ridges (not shown). Left mandible (Fig. 9C) incisor process with two proximally close-set spines, a chitinous ridge, and a small distal spine; lacinia mobilis trifid and chitinous; molar process with 2 non-chitinous ridges and a row of setae (not shown).</p> <p>Labrum (Fig. 9D) quadrangular with short anterolateral lobes, small tuft of short setae on mid posterior margin.</p> <p>Maxilla (Fig. 9E) exopod elongate, extending to half-length of second article of endopod, outer margin lined with long pappose setae, naked only on the inner proximal half; endopod 2-articulate, first article outer margin bilobed, second article 3 × as long as broad, armed on outer margin with long pappose setae, a single longer pappose setae on distal margin, inner margin naked.</p> <p>Maxillule (Fig. 9F) small, upper lobe armed distally with 9 strong cuspidate serrate setae arranged in a combination of 2 singles, 2 pairs, and 3 singles, each seta armed with about 10 serrations, lower lobe armed distally with 4 pappose setae.</p> <p>First thoracopod (Fig. 10A) with long, slender epipodite, subequal in length to endopod, without exopod; endopod robust; basis without lobe, numerous tufts of setae on inner margin; preischium small; inner margin of ischium produced into a conical lobe with a strong terminal seta, ventral margin lined with about 20 simple setae; merus slightly larger than ischium; carpopropodus swollen, almost twice the length of merus; dactylus terminating in long curved nail.</p> <p>Second thoracopod (Fig. 10B, C) longer than first, without exopod and epipod; ischium lobe oblong, reaching just beyond distal margin of merus, about 3 × as long as broad, margin of lobe naked along proximal 1/7 of the lower margin and proximal 2/3 of dorsal margin, otherwise a series of small cuspidate setae interspersed with longer cuspidate setae which increase in length towards distal margin; merus rectangular, about 3.5 × as long long as broad, armed with 6 large cuspidate setae on dorsomedial margin and a series of short and long setae on lower margin; carpopropodus about 2 x as long as broad, 4 cuspidate setae on dorsal margin, 4 long cuspidate setae on dorsomedial margin, curving downward and distally, lower margin with irregular row of long and short setae, tuft of fine simple setae at distal, medial end; dactylus fused with nail to form a long, curved claw with long simple setae on proximal inner and outer margins. Rudimentary oostegite present.</p> <p>Third and fourth thoracic endopods absent in females (Fig. 10D), rudimentary in adult males, reduced to 2 small articles (Fig. 11 E, third thoracopod only).</p> <p>Fifth thoracopod long and slender (Fig. 11A). No setae except for distal tuft of dense setae; preischium and ischium subequal and together subequal to merus; carpus 2.5 × merus length and subequal to propodus.</p> <p>Sixth to eighth thoracopods (Fig. 11B–D) long and slender, with simple setae. Sixth endopod preischium 0.3 × length of ischium; ischium and merus subequal in length; carpus 1.4 × merus and 1.2 × propodus; dactylus 0.3 × propodus. Seventh endopod preischium 0.6 × length of ischium; ischium 0.4 × merus; merus 1.6 × carpus; carpus subequal to propodus; dactylus 0.3 × propodus. Eighth endopod preischium 0.4 × length of ischium; ischium 0.3 × merus; merus 2 × carpopropodus; dactylus 0.4 × carpopropodus. Exopods of thoracopods similar, 13–18-articlulate (Fig 10D, 11A–D). First articles in males much broader than in females, increasing in size as male matures, 15–17 articles, endopods rudimentary, 2–3-articulate (Fig. 11 E, F).</p> <p>Male penis (at base of eighth thoracopod) moderately elongated, tapering distally (Fig. 11F).</p> <p>Marsupium (Fig. 10 B, D, 11A–D) composed of seven pairs of oostegites, first pair rudimentary, second to sixth pair similar, seventh pair smaller and with prominent posteriorly directed and curved ventilation lobe in the distodorsal margin. The distal margin of ventilation lobe is lined with two rows of setae, the inner row long, straight, and plumose, the outer row short and curved outwards (Fig. 11G).</p> <p>Female pleopods (Fig. 12A–E) 2-articulate, increasing in length towards posterior pairs, uniramous in all but the largest specimen where the pleopod develops a small exopod on the distal end of the first article (Fig. 12F); numerous long, articulated, pappose setae (not shown) adorning pronounced receptacles. Adult male pleopods biramous (Fig. 12G–K); first pleopod smallest, endopod short with 2 broad articles, exopod first article longest, 17-articulate; second pleopod largest, endopod first article longest and broadest, 14-articulate, exopod with one long, broad article with 3 long, flattened, distal setae, 15-articulate. These 3 long, flattened setae increase in size with maturity as do the sympods of all pleopods. Third to fifth pleopods similar in size and structure with exopod slightly longer than endopod; exopods 18–19-articulate, endopods 9–12-articulate. Juvenile male pleopods (Fig. 12 L–P). Sympod short, narrow; endopod of first pleopod smallest, second to fourth endopods subequal, fifth endopod longest, similar in shape to female pleopods; exopods 1–5 small unarticulated lobes, similar sized.</p> <p>Uropod endopod (Fig. 13) narrow, lanceolate, setose along entire margin, slightly longer than telson. Exopod longer and broader than endopod, 2-articulate, distal article 0.25 × length of the proximal article, narrower, fully setose, lateral margin of proximal article without setae, armed on the distal corner with 3 cuspidate seta increasing in size from outer to inner, a longer, inner, slender plumose seta.</p> <p>Telson (Fig. 13) rectangular, 2.5 × as long as broad, 1.2 × as long as sixth pleonite. Lateral margins armed with 25–28 cuspidate setae along the posterior 0.6 of telson length. Posterior margin straight, armed with one small median serrate seta with two very small cuspidate setae and 3 long serrate setae on either side, outer pair longest.</p> <p>Distribution. Known from the Challenger Plateau, Chatham Rise, and eastern waters off the lower North Island and upper South Island with a depth range of 600–2200 m (Fig. 1).</p> <p>Remarks. The diagnostic features of the genus Petalophthalmus include: antennal scale setose all around; eyes not miniaturized, nonetheless cornea reduced, without or with some scattered visual elements, together not forming a compound sensory organ; anterior margin of carapace without pair of distinct submedian processes, rostrum present or absent; lacinia mobilis absent in one mandible, developed in the other one; pars centralis absent or reduced to one spine (tooth, digitus); thoracic endopods 3–4 reduced to 1–2 short segments; thoracic endopods 5–8 slender, with more than five segments; flagellum of thoracic exopods 3–8 with 13–21 segments; pleopods biramous in males, biramous or uniramous in females; telson large, subquadrangular, terminal margin truncate with or without slight emargination, terminal margin without or with two submedian groups of small teeth, in any case with 7–13 large, toothed spines, without setae Wittmann (2020). The description of Petalophthalmus lobatus sp. nov. we report herein fits all of the characters of this diagnosis and should therefore be placed within this genus.Females of Petalophthalmus lobatus sp. nov. can easily be distinguished from its congeners by the presence of enlarged ventilation lobes on the seventh oostegites which are lined distally with two different sets of setae, the inner set long, straight, and plumose, the outer set shorter and curved outwards. The laterally flattened eyes differ to previous descriptions of this genus, variously described as, leaf like for P. armiger and P. papilloculatus, dorsoventrally flattened for P. cristata, and globular for P. papuaensis. The combination of an acute rostrum and armature of the telson (&lt;30 lateral setae on the distal 0.6 portion of the telson length and 7 terminal setae) can also be used. Of the known species of Petalophthalmus, the following characters also differ: P. cristatus carapace is longer, leaving 1.5 thoracic somites exposed (two in P. lobatus sp. nov.), anteroventral and posteroventral corners are more rectangular, and posterior margin much less rounded; antenna equal in length to scale (shorter in P. lobatus sp. nov.); P. armiger differs in having seven serrate setae on the outer lobe of the maxillule (nine-serrate in P. lobatus sp. nov.), a basal lobe present on the first thoracopod (absent in P. lobatus sp. nov.); P. papilloculatus differs in the truncate anterior and posterior margins of the carapace and lack of a rostrum, and seven serrate setae on the outer lobe of the maxillule compared to nine; P. papuaensis differs in the eyes being globular, with distinct retinular cells, carapace without rostrum and anterior margin truncate.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D207767CFFBEFF93FF6CFA71FCFAFCB8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Forman, Jeffrey S.;Schnabel, Kareen E.	Forman, Jeffrey S., Schnabel, Kareen E. (2021): Two new species of Petalophthalmus and Ipirophthalmus (Crustacea: Mysida: Petalophthalmidae), from New Zealand. Zootaxa 5061 (3): 451-475, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5061.3.3
D207767CFFA1FF97FF6CFA0EFA66FC26.text	D207767CFFA1FF97FF6CFA0EFA66FC26.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Petalophthalminae Czerniavsky 1882	<div><p>Key to the genera and species of the subfamily Petalophthalminae</p> <p>This key is modified from Panampunnayil 1982, Wang 1998, San Vicente et al. 2014, San Vicente &amp; Corbari 2015, and Wittmann, 2020 and is proposed to include the two new species described herein.</p> <p>1. Outer margin of antennal scale naked, ending in a single spine.................................................. 2</p> <p>- Antennal scale setose all around.......................................................................... 4</p> <p>2. Thoracic endopods 6–8 rudimentary, 1–2 articlulate; thoracic endopods 3–5 ending in 2 short setae; eyestalk elongated, without papilla, (Parapetalophthalmus Murano &amp; Bravo, 1998; monotypic).................................................................................................... Parapetalophthalmus suluensis Murano &amp; Bravo, 1998</p> <p>- Thoracic endopods 3–8 with more than 4 articles ending in a strong claw; third article of mandibular palp with seven long, strong setae; (Pseudopetalophthalmus Bravo &amp; Murano, 1997)................................................ 3</p> <p>3. Telson with 4 setae on lateral margin; thoracic endopods 3–5 with carpopropodus longer than merus........................................................................... Pseudopetalophthalmus australis Panampunnayil, 1982</p> <p>- Telson with 7–8 setae on the lateral margin; thoracic endopods 3–5 with carpopropodus longer than merus.................................................................... Pseudopetalophthalmus japonicus Bravo &amp; Murano, 1997</p> <p>4. Eyes globular or flat, without distinct cornea; terminal margin of telson without long plumose setae (Petalophthalmus Willemoes-Suhm, 1875)............................................................................... 5</p> <p>- Eyes with distinct cornea with functional visual elements; telson apex with four plumose setae (Ipirophthalmus Wittmann 2020)............................................................................................... 9</p> <p>5. Eyes globular, with eyestalks, cornea with irregularly distributed retinular cells......................................................................................... Petalophthalmus papuaensis San Vicente &amp; Corbari, 2015</p> <p>- Eyes flattened and without functional visual elements........................................................ 6</p> <p>6. Rostrum absent; anterior margin of carapace truncate; telson with 25–37 setae on the distal 2/3 of lateral margin....................................................... Petalophthalmus papilloculatus San Vicente, Frutos &amp; Cartes, 2014</p> <p>- Rostrum present, acute................................................................................. 7</p> <p>7. Eyes leaf-like; thoracic endopod 5 with preischium, ischium, and merus subequal in length; carpus and propodus subequal; telson with.................................................. Petalophthalmus armiger Willemoes-Suhm, 1875</p> <p>- Eyes elongate, ovoid; merus of thoracic endopod 5 longer than ischium.......................................... 8</p> <p>8. Eyes dorsoventrally flattened by a factor of 1.4; merus of thoracic endopod 2 with 5 large setae on outer margin, carpopropodus with 3 long and 6 short setae on the outer margin; merus of thoracic endopod 5 longer than combined preischium and ischium; carpus less than half length of propodus................................. Petalophthalmus cristatus Wittmann, 2020</p> <p>- Eyes laterally flattened; elongated ventilation lobe on 7 th oostegites; merus of thoracic endopod 2 with 6 large setae on inner margin; merus of thoracic endopod 5 subequal to preischium and ischium combined; carpus subequal to propodus.................................................................................. Petalophthalmus lobatus sp. nov.</p> <p>9. Thoracic endopods 6–8 rudimentary, shorter than proximal article of exopod............ Ipirophthalmus crusulus sp. nov.</p> <p>- Thoracic endopods 6–8 comprised of 4 or more articles, longer than proximal article of exopod...................... 10</p> <p>10. Cornea hemispherical or reniform, covering less than half of lateral margin of eyestalk; telson apex emarginate.......... 11</p> <p>- Cornea reniform, covering more than half of lateral margin of eyestalk; telson apex not emarginate................... 12</p> <p>11. Telson with 12–15 setae on the lateral margins; eye cornea reniform; eyestalk without ocular papilla; scale shorter than antenna; female pleopods biramous....................................... Ipirophthalmus caribbeanus O.S. Tattersall, 1968</p> <p>- Telson with 17–18 setae on the lateral margins; eye cornea hemispherical; eyestalk with ocular papilla; scale longer than antenna; female pleopods uniramous.......................................... Ipirophthalmus oculatus Illig, 1906</p> <p>12. Telson with 16–19 setae on the lateral margins, combined width of eyes subequal to carapace width; antennal scale with apical lobe....................................................................... Ipirophthalmus liui Wang, 1998</p> <p>- Telson with 21–22 setae on the lateral margins; eyes very large, combined width wider than carapace width; antennal scale without apical lobe.................................... Ipirophthalmus macrops Tchindonova &amp; Vereshchaka, 1991</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D207767CFFA1FF97FF6CFA0EFA66FC26	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Forman, Jeffrey S.;Schnabel, Kareen E.	Forman, Jeffrey S., Schnabel, Kareen E. (2021): Two new species of Petalophthalmus and Ipirophthalmus (Crustacea: Mysida: Petalophthalmidae), from New Zealand. Zootaxa 5061 (3): 451-475, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5061.3.3
