taxonID	type	description	language	source
03B1A709FFD4425FFF2E490CB61FFB87.taxon	description	(Figs. 1 – 10)	en	Vinçon, Gilles, Launay, Bertrand, Reding, Jean-Paul G. (2021): Two new species of Protonemura Kempny, 1898 (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from Southern France. Zootaxa 5061 (3): 432-450, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5061.3.2
03B1A709FFD4425FFF2E490CB61FFB87.taxon	diagnosis	Morphological diagnosis. A medium-sized Protonemura species. Body length of males 5 – 7 mm (n = 30), females 7 – 9 mm (n = 35). Males and females macropterous. General color light reddish-brown; head dark; antennae and legs light brown-colored. Forewings smoky brown. Cervical gills short, without pre-apical constriction (cf. Fig. 30). Sclerotized base of median lobe of the paraprocts of adult males circular in shape, in ventral and ¾ dorso-ventral views (Figs. 5 – 7). Insertion point of the sclerotized stem located medially on the side of the median lobe of the paraprocts (Figs. 5 – 7). Subgenital plate of adult females narrow and formed by a curved sclerotized band; vaginal lobes well visible at the lower edges of the subgenital plate (Fig. 9).	en	Vinçon, Gilles, Launay, Bertrand, Reding, Jean-Paul G. (2021): Two new species of Protonemura Kempny, 1898 (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from Southern France. Zootaxa 5061 (3): 432-450, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5061.3.2
03B1A709FFD4425FFF2E490CB61FFB87.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype male: FRANCE: Alpes-Maritimes, Loup Valley, Loup tributary, road to Courmes, big spring, 600 m, 43.753 N, 7.005 E, 01.04.2017, leg. G. Vinçon (MZL, catalogue number: GBIFCH 00660528). Paratypes: same locality and date, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, leg G. Vinçon (MZL, catalogue number: GBIFCH 00660529).	en	Vinçon, Gilles, Launay, Bertrand, Reding, Jean-Paul G. (2021): Two new species of Protonemura Kempny, 1898 (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from Southern France. Zootaxa 5061 (3): 432-450, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5061.3.2
03B1A709FFD7425CFF2E4DA0B0B5F881.taxon	materials_examined	Material: Specimens from 166 localities (10 in the Massif Central, 54 in the Alps and 102 in the Jura Mountains) were examined and are stored in VIN, RED and BL collections (Fig. 41).	en	Vinçon, Gilles, Launay, Bertrand, Reding, Jean-Paul G. (2021): Two new species of Protonemura Kempny, 1898 (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from Southern France. Zootaxa 5061 (3): 432-450, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5061.3.2
03B1A709FFD7425AFF2E4C49B214F9E0.taxon	description	Male (Figs. 1 – 8). In dorsal view, tergites 8 and 7 with several rows of strong spines on each side of posterior margin, medially interrupted; tergite 6 with one to four smaller spines in one row on each side (Fig. 3). Hypoproct terminated by a finger-shaped expansion (Figs. 5 – 6). Vesicle ovoid-shaped (Figs. 5, 7). Inner lobe of paraprocts thinly sclerotized and mostly hidden by hypoproct (Fig. 7). In ventral view, sclerotized base of median lobe of the paraprocts of adult males wide and circular (Figs. 5 – 7). In lateral view, sclerotized base of median lobe of the paraprocts circular; membranous field reduced, not extending over the length of the cercus (Figs. 6 – 7) often with a dark thorn (Fig. 6). Insertion point of the sclerotized stem located medially on the side of the median lobe of the paraprocts (Figs. 5 – 7). Sclerotized stem of the sclerotized median lobe of the paraprocts thick, short and slightly curved, not extending over the membranous field, and with apical thorn and subapical spines (Figs. 1 – 2, 6 – 8). Sclerite of the outer lobe of the paraprocts bifurcated, with a narrow basal branch turning around the cercus (= OLS 1, Fig. 8; cf. Figs. 18, 27), and a second, wider branch, located between the cercus and the membranous field of the median lobe (= OLS 2, Fig. 8; cf. Figs. 18, 27). Epiproct with a slight median widening in lateral view (Figs. 1 – 2). Tip of epiproct bent upwards, with a shallow and wide notch between the tip and the upper median part of the epiproct (Figs. 1 – 2). Tip of epiproct with a small, transparent, globulous extension, in lateral view (Fig. 2). In dorsal view, tip of epiproct with a dark, ellipse-shaped sclerite (Fig. 4). Dorsal sclerites on each side of the epiproct bifurcated (Figs. 1 – 2); ventral branch of the dorsal sclerite of the epiproct is wide and straight, tapering out near the ventral edge of the epiproct, then straightening towards the apex in a narrow, sclerotized strip (Figs. 1 – 2). Ventral sclerite of the epiproct widened in a small portion of its middle part (Figs. 1 – 2), otherwise straight and continuous. Ventral sclerite of the epiproct without a median bulge and bearing a row of short spines in its middle section (Fig. 2). Females (Figs. 9 – 10). Pregenital plate of sternite 7 with rounded margin slightly extending over sternite 8 (Fig. 9). Subgenital plate formed by a curved sclerotized band, constricted in its middle and terminated by an acuminated edge on both sides (Figs. 9 – 10). Vaginal lobes large and well visible at the lower edges of the subgenital plate (Figs. 9 – 10). Larvae. Unknown. Morphological affinities. Males. Adult males of Protonemura lupina sp. n. are morphologically closest to those of P. risi. In ventral and lateral views, the sclerotized base of the median lobe of the paraprocts is spherical in shape in P. lupina sp. n. (Figs. 5 – 7) whereas it is reniform (or has the shape of a spherical cap, according to the original description of P. risi (Figs. 26 – 27; Ris 1902, p. 387, pl. 1, figs. 5 – 6). The ventral branch of the dorsal sclerite of the epiproct is very thin and curved in P. risi (Figs. 23 – 24), whereas it is much wider and straight in P. lupina sp. n., tapering out near the ventral margin of the epiproct and straightening in a narrow strip towards the apex (Figs. 1 – 2). Females. The subgenital plate of Protonemura lupina sp. n. (Fig. 9) is much smaller and narrower than the one of P. risi (Figs. 28, 29). The subgenital plate of P. risi is triangle-shaped (Figs. 28, 29), whereas it is wing-like in P. lupina sp. n. (Fig. 9). The vaginal lobes of P. risi are small and nearly entirely covered by the subgenital plate (Figs. 28 – 29), whereas the vaginal lobes are well visible in P. lupina sp. n. (Fig. 9).	en	Vinçon, Gilles, Launay, Bertrand, Reding, Jean-Paul G. (2021): Two new species of Protonemura Kempny, 1898 (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from Southern France. Zootaxa 5061 (3): 432-450, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5061.3.2
03B1A709FFD7425AFF2E4C49B214F9E0.taxon	distribution	Distribution area and biogeographical notes. Protonemura lupina sp. n. inhabits springs and small brooks (371 – 1420 m) in the Loup Valley (Alpes-Maritimes) (Fig. 42) and its surroundings (Fig. 43). The region belongs to a vast, but isolated, karstic system (Gilli et al. 2006), fed by permanent and temporary springs located in the Cheiron Massif (1778 m a. s. l.), one of the highest mountains in these otherwise dry Castellane Prealps. Two males and one female were collected in the Bévéra Valley, some 30 kms eastward of the type locality (Fig. 41). The flight period extends from early spring to autumn (IV – IX), with a pause during summer.	en	Vinçon, Gilles, Launay, Bertrand, Reding, Jean-Paul G. (2021): Two new species of Protonemura Kempny, 1898 (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from Southern France. Zootaxa 5061 (3): 432-450, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5061.3.2
03B1A709FFD7425AFF2E4C49B214F9E0.taxon	etymology	Derivatio nominis of Protonemura lupina. This species is named after the region where it was first discovered, namely the Loup River Valley. The epithet is to be treated as a Latin adjective, feminine in gender combined with Protonemura.	en	Vinçon, Gilles, Launay, Bertrand, Reding, Jean-Paul G. (2021): Two new species of Protonemura Kempny, 1898 (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from Southern France. Zootaxa 5061 (3): 432-450, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5061.3.2
03B1A709FFD1425BFF2E4DE8B62BF878.taxon	description	(Figs. 11 – 22)	en	Vinçon, Gilles, Launay, Bertrand, Reding, Jean-Paul G. (2021): Two new species of Protonemura Kempny, 1898 (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from Southern France. Zootaxa 5061 (3): 432-450, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5061.3.2
03B1A709FFD1425BFF2E4DE8B62BF878.taxon	diagnosis	Morphological diagnosis. A medium-sized Protonemura species. Body length of males 5 – 7 mm (n = 46), females 7 – 9 mm (n = 43). Males and females macropterous. General color light reddish-brown; head dark; antennae and legs light brown-colored. Forewings smoky brown. Cervical gills short, without pre-apical constriction (cf. Fig. 30). Sclerotized base of median lobe of the paraprocts of adult males pea-shaped in ventral view (Fig. 15). Tip of epiproct with two small protruding elongated spines pointing forward, in lateral (Figs. 11 – 12) and dorsal (Fig. 14) views. Lower edge of the subgenital plate of adult females rectilinear (Fig. 19) or slightly convex in its middle (Fig. 20). Vaginal lobes of the subgenital plate medium-sized, well visible at the lower edges (Figs. 21 – 22).	en	Vinçon, Gilles, Launay, Bertrand, Reding, Jean-Paul G. (2021): Two new species of Protonemura Kempny, 1898 (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from Southern France. Zootaxa 5061 (3): 432-450, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5061.3.2
03B1A709FFD1425BFF2E4DE8B62BF878.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype male: FRANCE: Massif Central, Aude, Montagne Noire, Arnette tributary, Thoré tributary, southwest of Pic de Nore, 850 m, 43.412 N, 2.448 E, 01.05.1991, leg. G. Vinçon (MZL, catalogue number: GBIFCH 00660524). Paratypes: FRANCE: Aigoual Massif, Gard, above St André-de-Valborgne, Gardon de St Jean tributary, brook, 460 m, 44.16 N, 3.677 E, 09.10.1994, 1 ♂, 4 ♀, leg. G. Vinçon (MZL, catalogue number: GBIFCH 00660525).	en	Vinçon, Gilles, Launay, Bertrand, Reding, Jean-Paul G. (2021): Two new species of Protonemura Kempny, 1898 (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from Southern France. Zootaxa 5061 (3): 432-450, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5061.3.2
03B1A709FFD24259FF2E48D8B6E7FBCC.taxon	materials_examined	Material: Specimens from 48 localities in the Pyrenees (Fig. 41) were examined and are stored in VIN collection.	en	Vinçon, Gilles, Launay, Bertrand, Reding, Jean-Paul G. (2021): Two new species of Protonemura Kempny, 1898 (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from Southern France. Zootaxa 5061 (3): 432-450, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5061.3.2
03B1A709FFD24255FF2E4F85B1D5FDF4.taxon	description	Males (Figs. 11 – 18). In dorsal view, tergites 8 and 7 with several rows of strong spines on each side of posterior margin, medially interrupted; tergite 6 with one to nine smaller spines in one or two rows on each side (Fig. 13). Hypoproct terminated by a finger-shaped expansion (Figs. 15, 17). Vesicle ovoid-shaped (Figs. 15, 17). Inner lobe of paraprocts thinly sclerotized and mostly hidden by hypoproct (Fig. 18). In ventral view, sclerotized base of median lobe of the paraprocts of adult males pea-shaped (Fig. 15) or sub-rectangular (Figs. 16 – 17). In lateral view, sclerotized base of median lobe of the paraprocts sub-rectangular (Figs. 16, 18); membranous field reduced, not extending over the length of the cercus (Figs. 15, 17). Insertion point of the sclerotized stem located medially on the side of the median lobe of the paraprocts (Figs. 15, 17). Sclerotized stem of the sclerotized median lobe of the paraprocts short, thick and slightly curved, not extending over the membranous field, and with several (three to four) strong apical spines (Figs. 11, 16, 18). Sclerite of the outer lobe of the paraprocts bifurcated, with a narrow basal branch turning around the cercus (= OLS 1, Fig. 18), and a second, wider branch, located between the cercus and the membranous field of the median lobe (= OLS 2, Fig. 18). Epiproct with a median widening (Figs. 11 – 12). Tip of epiproct swollen (Figs. 11 – 12). Epiproct with a U-shaped notch between the tip and the upper median part of the epiproct (Figs. 11 – 12). Tip of epiproct with two small protruding elongated spines pointing forward, in lateral (Figs. 11 – 12) and in dorsal (Fig. 14) views. Dorsal sclerites on each side of the epiproct bifurcated (Figs. 11 – 12); the dorsal branch of the sclerite is wide and straight, the ventral branch tapers out to a thin band near the ventral edge of the epiproct (Figs. 11 – 12). Ventral sclerite of the epiproct curved (Fig. 11), bearing a row of short spines in its middle section (Fig. 11). Females (Figs. 19 – 22). Subgenital plate trapezoidal in shape, large and wide (Figs. 19 – 20). Lower edge of the subgenital plate rectilinear (Fig. 19) or slightly convex in its middle (Fig. 20). Vaginal lobes medium-sized, well visible at the lower edges of the subgenital plate (Figs. 21 – 22). Larvae. Unknown. Morphological affinities. Males. Adult males of Protonemura alexidis sp. n. are morphologically closest to those of P. risi and P. spinulosa. The epiproct of P. alexidis sp. n. bears two small protruding triangular spines pointing forward in lateral (Figs. 11 – 12) and dorsal (Fig. 14) views, as is also the case in P. spinulosa (Figs. 31 – 32; Vinçon & Ravizza 2005, fig. 4 k; Despax 1929, fig. 3), whereas there are no such spines in P. risi (Figs. 23 – 25). The shape of the sclerotized base of the median lobe of the paraprocts of P. alexidis sp. n. (Figs. 15 – 17) is also similar to P. spinulosa (Figs. 33 – 34; Vinçon & Ravizza 2005, fig. 4 i), but both species are easily separable by the presence of a trifurcated outer lobe sclerite of the paraprocts, with a small extension arising from the second branch (= OLS 3, Fig. 35; cf. Figs. 37 – 38; Kis 1974, fig. 99 C) in P. spinulosa, whereas the outer lobe sclerite is bifurcated in P. alexidis sp. n. (Fig. 18) and in P. risi (Fig. 27). Females. The lower margin of the subgenital plate of Protonemura alexidis sp. n. is rectilinear (Fig. 19), or slightly convex in its middle section, with only a shallow depression (Fig. 20), whereas it is markedly constricted with a deep depression in its middle section for P. risi (Figs. 28 – 29) and concave for P. spinulosa (Fig. 36). The vaginal lobes of the subgenital plate of P. alexidis sp. n. are partly protruding and well visible (Figs. 21 – 22), whereas those of P. risi are mostly hidden under the subgenital plate (Figs. 28 – 29), and those of P. spinulosa are even more protruding, only half-covered by the narrow subgenital plate (Fig. 36).	en	Vinçon, Gilles, Launay, Bertrand, Reding, Jean-Paul G. (2021): Two new species of Protonemura Kempny, 1898 (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from Southern France. Zootaxa 5061 (3): 432-450, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5061.3.2
03B1A709FFD24255FF2E4F85B1D5FDF4.taxon	distribution	Distribution area and biogeographical notes. Protonemura alexidis sp. n. inhabits the southern flank of the Massif Central: Cévennes, Mont Aigoual, western Larzac, Montagne Noire (Figs. 41, 44). In the northern part of the Massif Central, however, only typical specimens of P. risi were found (unpublished data of the authors; Fig. 41). Protonemura alexidis sp. n. has a wide altitudinal range (450 – 1535 m) and lives in springs and small brooks (Fig. 44). Adults of both sexes emerge from early spring to autumn (II – X), with a pause during summer.	en	Vinçon, Gilles, Launay, Bertrand, Reding, Jean-Paul G. (2021): Two new species of Protonemura Kempny, 1898 (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from Southern France. Zootaxa 5061 (3): 432-450, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5061.3.2
03B1A709FFD24255FF2E4F85B1D5FDF4.taxon	etymology	Derivatio nominis of Protonemura alexidis sp. n. This species is named after Alexis Reding, son of the last author, in recognition of his significant contribution to the molecular genetics of the Plecoptera of the Jura Mountains. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.	en	Vinçon, Gilles, Launay, Bertrand, Reding, Jean-Paul G. (2021): Two new species of Protonemura Kempny, 1898 (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from Southern France. Zootaxa 5061 (3): 432-450, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5061.3.2
