identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
C4A7944C2EDE5828A8AF9862F6FEC9CF.text	C4A7944C2EDE5828A8AF9862F6FEC9CF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Byrrhinus ferax Wooldridge 1993	<div><p>Byrrhinus ferax Wooldridge, 1993</p> <p>Byrrhinus ferax Wooldridge, 1993: 359-360 (orig. descr.).</p> <p>Additional material examined.</p> <p>Philippines • ♂ (AdMU), Occ. Mindoro, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.909164&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.796945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.909164/lat 12.796945)">Sablayan</a>, small limestone river; rootpacks, dist. primary forest; ca. 12°47'49"N, 120°54'33"E; ca. 100 m a.s.l.; 01 Jan. 1995, leg. Mendoza “(365)M”; GenBank: OK316810; BOLD: COLPH064-21.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Assignment of the specimen to this taxon was based primarily on genital characters. No remarkable difference was noted compared to the original description. The material used for the molecular analysis in this study was collected 90 km south of one of the localities of the paratypes, but on the same island. Known distribution of B. ferax includes the Philippine Islands of Mindoro and Mindanao.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C4A7944C2EDE5828A8AF9862F6FEC9CF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Delocado, Emmanuel D.;Freitag, Hendrik	Delocado, Emmanuel D., Freitag, Hendrik (2021): Two new species of Byrrhinus Motschulsky, 1858 (Coleoptera, Limnichidae, Limnichinae) from Negros, Philippines. ZooKeys 1070: 51-72, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1070.70531, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1070.70531
365103935CAB5A80A335888518F27229.text	365103935CAB5A80A335888518F27229.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Byrrhinus negrosensis Delocado & Freitag 2021	<div><p>Byrrhinus negrosensis sp. nov.</p> <p>Figures 2, 4, 5</p> <p>Type locality.</p> <p>Philippines • Negros Island, Negros Oriental, Valencia, Casaroro River, in secondary vegetation; ca. 09°18'N, 123°14'E; ca.150 m a.s.l.</p> <p>Type material.</p> <p>Holotype: Philippines • ♂ (PNM: EDD122), "PHIL: Negros Or., Valencia, \ Casaroro River, downstr., sec.veg.; \ ca. 09°18'N; 123°14'E; ca.150 m a.s.l.; \ 01 Sep. 2019, leg. Garces &amp; Pelingen (655)L"; GenBank: OK316808; BOLD: COLPH054-21; EDD122, habitus and terminal parts of abdomen including genitalia glued separately on to entomological card. Paratypes: Philippines • 3♂♂ (ADMU: EDD123, EDD127): same data as holotype; GenBank: OK316803, OK316809; BOLD: COLPH055-21, COLPH056-21 • 3♂♂, 3♀♀: (ADMU: EDD116, EDD119, EDD270; PNM; ZMB) "PHIL: Negros Occ., Murcia, \ Pandanon River, sec.veg.; \ ca. 10°34'54"N; 123°10'30"E; ca. 440 m a.s.l.; \ 01 May 2019, leg. Freitag et al. (650)L"; GenBank: OK316807, OK316811, OK316812; BOLD: COLPH052-21, COLPH053-21, COLPH057-21.</p> <p>Description.</p> <p>Body: (Fig. 2) elongate-oval, TL = 3.2 mm (2.9-4.1 mm), EW = 2.1 mm (1.8-2.3 mm), widest behind mid-leg; dorsal surface brown to dark brown; body appendages slightly paler than body, moderately densely and evenly covered with yellow-brown to brown, fine, quite long, mostly erect pubescence; antennae yellow-brown to brown; femora and tibiae brown; tarsi brown.</p> <p>Head: obscurely rugulose; broadly laminate over eyes; margins of frons grooved over eyes; sides of frons with deep and well-marked pit-like depressions. Punctation minute, sparse, slightly coarser near epistomal suture. Pubescence dense and erect in anterior regions, sparse and recumbent posteriad. Eyes slightly convex, visible from above; upper margin of eyes strongly bordered, margin anteriorly almost reaching insertion of antennae, extending posterior of eyes although weaker. Surface of head posterior to eyes flat, without depressions or fossae; surface with fine and sparse punctation, denser and coarser on clypeus; surface between punctures smooth and shiny. Antennae moniliform, strongly pubescent; pedicel oblong, brown, slightly darker than adjacent antennomeres; antennomeres longer than wide, brown, darker distally, terminal antennomeres asymmetrical and darker than pedicel; pubescence brown, of two series: first series composed of one to two pairs of long and erect pubescence per antennomere, about as long as antennomere and second series composed of denser, shorter, paler, recumbent pubescence.</p> <p>Pronotum: transverse, slightly paler on sides than on disc, distinctly wider at base; anterior margin of pronotum slightly concave, but almost straight between eyes, without crenulations, bordered; lateral margins only slightly arched, posterolateral angle 75-80°, with prominent borders; posterior margin with a distinct double sinuation; PL/PW = 0.42 (0.40-0.43); PW/PL = 2.40 (2.30-2.51). Punctation dense, minute and shallowly impressed; punctures larger than that of the head, denser at median line and posterior margins, sparse near suture and anteriad; surface between punctures rugose. Pubescence similar to the erect series of the head, denser on the anterior one-third of the lateral margin, evenly spaced on the rest of the margin, very sparse to almost obsolete and slightly decumbent proximally. Hypomeron flat, without depressions or fossae.</p> <p>Elytra: EL/EW = 1.36 (1.30-1.43); EL/PL = 3.63 (3.63-3.85); EW/PW = 1.23 (1.16-1.27); TL/EW = 1.78 (1.66-1.78), slightly less than 4.0 times longer than the pronotum, widest at anterior 0.25; anterior margin of elytra bordered, bi-sinuately articulated with pronotum; lateral margins slightly explanate in anterior half; apices jointly rounded; humeral callus weak. Elytra with two series of punctation; first series with nine or more perceptible and irregular rows of large, deeply impressed punctures; punctures of medial five rows denser and more strongly impressed in anterior half; increasingly scattered, finer and more shallowly impressed laterally and posteriorly; intervals and interstices distinctly broader than punctures; second series of punctures much smaller, densely and evenly distributed over entire elytra. Pubescence long, yellowish-brown to brown, of two distinct types (erect and recumbent): erect series on sides, slightly recumbent series on disc; erect series longer and denser; recumbent series shorter, very sparse. Scutellum subtriangular, with irregular and densely punctured surface; with two series of punctation, few large and deeply impressed punctures, numerous finer and shallowly impressed ones; pubescence erect, sparse. Metathoracic wings well developed. Epipleura almost flat.</p> <p>Ventral surface: punctation dense and almost uniform; pubescence brown, minute, long, finer than on dorsal side, recumbent, dense and evenly distributed. Prosternum slightly impressed at the process; process narrow, punctation more distinct at tip. Mesosternal ridge along posterior margins of mesosternum distinct. Metasternum perforate at sides, with raised triangular, rugulose area behind mesocoxal cavities; raised area comprising nearly half of surface; metasternal ridge along posterior margin of metasternum faint laterally, well-developed medially. Abdominal punctation finer at mid-line than at sides; surface between punctation with polygonal network, with median pore. Intermetacoxal plate on ventrite I triangular, strongly acuminate. Abdominal ventrite I with depressions for reception of metafemora and metatibiae; ventrites I-III connate, fused; ventrites IV-V without polygonal network; ventrite V distinctly emarginate.</p> <p>Legs: less than half of body length. Tibia brown, lateral margins darker, distal margin with comb of long spines; protibia very short, a little longer than half of either mesotibia and metatibia, lateral margin slightly concave, setae denser than on mesotibia and metatibia; mesotibia with lateral margin curved more prominently in interior margins, setae evenly distributed; metatibia almost twice as long as protibia, slightly longer than mesotibia, lateral margins almost parallel, setae sparse and almost recumbent; apex of mesotibia and metatibia smoothly and broadly curved. Tarsi 5-5-5, brown, paler towards the apex, almost half as long as mesotibia; tarsomere length ratio ca. 1.0:1.0:1.0:1.0:4.0 (0.9-1.1: 0.9-1.1: 0.9-1.1: 0.9-1.1: 3.5-4.7); tarsomere 1 widest towards the apex, distal margin almost double the width of proximal margin, with dense comb of setae; tarsomeres 2-4 similar to tarsomere 1, but outer edge with long yellow spiny setae on both sides, remaining portions with sparse minute setae; tarsomere 5 widest towards the apex, almost triangular, with long robust spiny setae. Tarsal claws long, narrow, symmetrical.</p> <p>Male genitalia: (Figs 4, 5) length 0.67 mm (0.65-0.71 mm), width 0.11 mm (0.10-0.14 mm), very slender, strongly sclerotised; median lobe more exposed in ventral view than dorsal view. Median lobe of aedeagus almost as long as parameres, symmetrical; apex flat, broad, most slender subapically, with pair of rows of short denticles subapically (ventral view), convexly widened basally; basal portion wider than apical portion. Parameres symmetrical; apices slender and moderately separated dorsally, broader and converged ventrally, inner margin of parameres subparallel near tips, distinctly concave in the middle converging basally in V-shape; with tubular lobes protruding medio-apically in apical third below the denticles of the median lobe, median gap wider dorsally and exposing the full width of median lobe. Basal lobe asymmetrical, with strongly sclerotised basal margins. Ventrite VIII U-shaped, with narrow apical membranous lamina. Spiculum prominent.</p> <p>Female genitalia: ovipositor relatively short (0.58-0.62 mm long), straight.</p> <p>Differential diagnosis.</p> <p>In the elongate oval shape, the new species resembles several species, including B. ferax and B. tarawakanus. Amongst the Philippine species, the range of size overlaps with B. subtestaceus and B. ferax. The protibia of B. negrosensis sp. nov. is notably smaller than the mesotibia and metatibia. The male genitalia of B. negrosensis sp. nov. resembles that of B. ferax due to the medially parallel paramere apices, which is quite uncommon in the Oriental members of the genus. Despite numerous similarities, B. negrosensis sp. nov. differs from B. ferax in the dorsally V-shaped basal fusion point of the parameres (Fig. 4), while the latter possesses a U-shape parameral fusion. B. negrosensis sp. nov. varies by 13.2% mean genetic distance (723 bp COI-3 ' mtDNA barcode) from the most similar B. ferax and by at least 16.1% from any other Philippine congener with available barcode (Suppl. material 1: Table S1).</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>This species is only recorded from the Island of Negros in the Philippines.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>No external sexual dimorphism is observed. Teneral specimens are significantly paler brown.</p> <p>Etymology.</p> <p>The species is named after the Island of Negros from where the specimens were collected.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/365103935CAB5A80A335888518F27229	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Delocado, Emmanuel D.;Freitag, Hendrik	Delocado, Emmanuel D., Freitag, Hendrik (2021): Two new species of Byrrhinus Motschulsky, 1858 (Coleoptera, Limnichidae, Limnichinae) from Negros, Philippines. ZooKeys 1070: 51-72, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1070.70531, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1070.70531
0EEF697A430756AAAC4877A734214F7A.text	0EEF697A430756AAAC4877A734214F7A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Byrrhinus villarini Delocado & Freitag 2021	<div><p>Byrrhinus villarini sp. nov.</p> <p>Figures 3, 6, 7</p> <p>Type locality.</p> <p>Philippines • Negros Island, Occidental Mindoro, Murcia, Pandanon River in secondary vegetation; ca. 10°34'54"N, 123°10'30"E; ca. 440 m a.s.l.</p> <p>Type material.</p> <p>Holotype: Philippines • ♂ (PNM: EDD121), "PHIL: Negros Occ., Murcia, \ Pandanon River, sec.veg.; \ ca. 10°34'54"N; 123°10'30"E; ca. 440 m a.s.l.; \ 01 May 2019, leg. Freitag et al. (650)L"; GenBank: OK316813; BOLD: COLPH061-21; EDD121, habitus and terminal parts of abdomen including aedeagus glued separately on to entomological card. Paratypes: Philippines • 3♂♂, 4♀♀ (AdMU: EDD113, EDD114; PNM; ZMB: EDD115): same locality data as holotype; GenBank: OK316804, OK316815, OK316817; BOLD: COLPH058-21, COLPH059-21, COLPH060-21 • 3♂♂ (AdMU: EDD124, EDD126): "PHIL: Negros Or., Valencia, \ Casaroro River, downstr., sec.veg.; \ ca. 09°18'N; 123°14'E; ca. 150 m a.s.l.; \ 01 Sep. 2019, leg. Garces &amp; Pelingen (655)L"; GenBank: OK316805, OK316818; BOLD: COLPH062-21, COLPH063-21.</p> <p>Description.</p> <p>Body: (Fig. 3) ovoid, TL = 2.8 mm (2.2-2.9 mm), EW = 1.9 mm (1.4-1.9 mm), widest behind mid-leg; dorsal surface very dark-brown to black; body appendages slightly paler than body, moderately densely and evenly covered with brown, fine, quite long, mostly erect pubescence; antennae yellow-brown; femora and tibiae brown; tarsi dark yellowish, but darker on terminal ends of segments.</p> <p>Head: obscurely rugulose; broadly laminate over eyes; margins of frons grooved over eyes; sides of frons with deep and well-marked pit-like depressions. Punctation minute, slightly coarser near epistomal suture. Pubescence brown, fine, quite long, erect, more numerous and denser on the anterior region. Eyes slightly convex, visible from above; upper margin of eyes bordered; anterior margin almost reaching insertion of antennae, extending posterior of eyes although weaker. Surface of head posterior to eyes flat, without depressions or fossae; surface with fine and sparse punctation, denser and coarser on clypeus; surface between punctures smooth and shiny. Antennae moniliform, strongly pubescent; pedicel globular, brown, darker than adjacent antennomeres; antennomeres longer than wide, yellow-brown; pubescence brown, uniform, erect, mostly as long as antennomere.</p> <p>Pronotum: transverse, black, with dark brown colouration on the sides, distinctly narrower at base; anterior margin of pronotum straight, without crenulations, bordered; lateral margins strongly arched, posterolateral angle ca. 50°, with prominent borders; posterior margin with distinct double sinuation; PL/PW = 0.42 (0.40-0.44); PW/PL = 2.40 (2.28-2.50). Punctation strong and deeply impressed, but sparse; punctures stronger than that of the head, larger at posterior margins, sparse near suture and anteriad, surface very depressed at projections along posterior margin. Pubescence similar to that on the head, slightly decumbent near the median line, denser at sides. Hypomeron flat, without depressions or fossae.</p> <p>Elytra: EL/EW = 1.41 (1.30-1.41); EL/PL = 4.14 (4.11-4.14); EW/PW = 1.20 (1.20-1.21); TL/EW = 1.75 (1.68-1.78); elytra slightly more than 4.0 times longer than the pronotum; widest at anterior 0.2; anterior margin of elytra bordered, strongly bi-sinuately articulated with the pronotum; lateral margins pronounced, finer towards apex; apices jointly rounded; humeral callus weak. Elytra punctation of two series; first series with nine or ten distinct and almost regular rows of large deeply impressed punctures; increasingly scattered, finer, not as strongly impressed as in rows laterally and posteriorly; intervals and interstices distinctly broader than punctures; second series of small punctures moderately dense only and less conspicuous than in previous species. Pubescence long, brown, with yellowish shade depending on illumination, of two distinct types: erect series on sides, slightly recumbent series on disc; erect series longer and denser; disc series shorter, sparse. Scutellum subtriangular, with few punctures and pubescence similar to surrounding area of elytra. Metathoracic wings well developed. Epipleura almost flat.</p> <p>Ventral surface: punctation dense and uniform; pubescence brown, minute, long, finer than on dorsal side, recumbent, dense and evenly distributed. Prosternum slightly impressed at the process; process narrow, punctation more distinct at tip. Mesosternal ridge along posterior margins distinct. Metasternum minutely perforate at sides, with raised triangular, rugulose area behind cavities; raised area comprising nearly half of surface; metasternal ridge along posterior margin of metasternum faint laterally, well-developed medially. Abdominal punctation finer at mid-line than at sides; surface between punctation with polygonal network, with median pore. Intermetacoxal plate on ventrite I triangular, strongly acuminate. Abdominal ventrite I with depressions for reception of metafemora and metatibiae; ventrites I-III connate, fused; ventrites IV-V without polygonal network; ventrite V distinctly emarginate apically.</p> <p>Legs: length less than half of body length. Tibia brown, lateral margins darker, curved, with pre-apical comb of spines; metatibia slightly longer than protibia and mesotibia; apex of mesotibia and metatibia slightly curved. Tarsi 5-5-5, dark yellow to light brown, paler towards the apex, about two-thirds of length of tibia; tarsomere length ratio ca. 1.2:1.0:1.0:1.0:2.9 (1.0-1.5: 0.8-1.0: 0.8-1.0: 0.8-1.0: 2.7-3.3); tarsomere 1 brown, with parallel margins, widest towards the apex, with dense comb of setae; tarsomeres 2-4 almost globular, outer edge with long yellow spiny setae on both sides, remaining portions with sparse minute setae; tarsomere 5 more yellow than brown, widest towards the apex, with at least three pairs of long robust spiny setae. Tarsal claws long, narrow, symmetrical.</p> <p>Male genitalia: (Figs 6, 7) length 0.58 mm (0.57-0.59 mm), width 0.14 mm (0.12-0.17 mm), stout, strongly sclerotised; median lobe more exposed in ventral view than dorsal view. Median lobe of aedeagus a bit shorter than parameres, symmetrical, broad, non-planar, varying in dorsal and ventral views; on dorsal view, apex acuminate, significantly and abruptly convexly widened mediad, middle portion wide; on ventral view, median lobe with an additional, slightly more slender, subcordiform lobe, reaching apical 0.3 where it terminates deeply emarginate. Parameres symmetrical, with outer face irregularly outlined and uneven texture near apex; apices dorsally broad; apices obliquely rounded; inner margins dorsally very slightly concave, almost unevenly sub-parallel; not distinctly convergent basally, forming a U-shape extending one-fourth the length of genitalia; ventrally only half as wide as in dorsal view, opening wider and exposing the entire width of median lobe, converging basally to form a deep “V”. Basal lobe asymmetrical, with strongly sclerotised basal margins. Ventrite VIII U-shaped, with narrow apical membranous lamina. Spiculum prominent.</p> <p>Female genitalia: ovipositor relatively short (0.50-0.56 mm long), straight.</p> <p>Differential diagnosis.</p> <p>In the ovoid shape, the new species resembles B. vestitus (Sharp, 1902), B. maculatus Wooldridge, 1987 and B. magnus Wooldridge, 1987. Compared to other Philippine species, the range of size overlaps with B. punctatus and B. tarawakanus. The new species is remarkably different from these two in the smaller posterolateral angle (ca. 50°) of the pronotum in B. villarini sp. nov. compared to B. punctatus and B. tarawakanus, as well as B. negrosensis sp. nov. (75-80°). In addition to the posterolateral angle measure of pronotum, B. villarini sp. nov. is notably different from B. negrosensis sp. nov. in the length of tarsomere 5. Tarsomere 5 of B. villarini sp. nov. is as long as tarsomeres 2-4, while tarsomere 5 of B. negrosensis sp. nov. is almost as long as tarsomeres 1-4. Additionally, erect series of elytral pubescence is present on the posterior end of both species, but covers the distal one-third only of elytra in B. villarini sp. nov., while covering the distal one-half in B. negrosensis sp. nov.</p> <p>Males of B. villarini sp. nov. are easily recognisable because the parameres are dorsally fused forming a rather shallow “U” (Fig. 6), not a “V” as in B. negrosensis sp. nov. (Fig. 4). This U-shaped opening separating the parameres extends only one-fourth the length of the aedeagus, while the opening spans at least half of the aedeagus for other Philippine species, such as B. ferax, B. punctatus and B. tarawakanus. The median lobe of the aedeagus resembles that of B. tarawakanus in terms of shape and height of the parameres. However, the median lobe of B. villarini sp. nov. is stouter and wider towards the middle portion.</p> <p>B. villarini sp. nov. varies by 5.8% mean genetic distance (723 bp COI-3 ' mtDNA barcode) from an unidentified, but presumably closely-related Malaysian species and by at least 13.4% from any other Philippine congeners with available barcodes (Suppl. material 1: Table S1).</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>This species is only recorded from the Island of Negros in the Philippines.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>No external sexual dimorphism is observed.</p> <p>Etymology.</p> <p>The new species is named and dedicated to the immediate past president of the Ateneo de Manila University, Fr Jose Ramon T. Villarin, SJ, PhD, who finished his term last year. During his reign for the past decade, Fr Villarin showed ardent support for research activities on the environment and sustainability. He is also a member of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change which was conferred the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize for their study and recommendations on counteracting the global climate crisis.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0EEF697A430756AAAC4877A734214F7A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Delocado, Emmanuel D.;Freitag, Hendrik	Delocado, Emmanuel D., Freitag, Hendrik (2021): Two new species of Byrrhinus Motschulsky, 1858 (Coleoptera, Limnichidae, Limnichinae) from Negros, Philippines. ZooKeys 1070: 51-72, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1070.70531, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1070.70531
