taxonID	type	description	language	source
03BDB214FFA3C576FF00FCFB6563FA2F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES: Distylomys tedfordi Wang, 1988. INCLUDED SPECIES: Distylomys qianlishanensis Wang, 1988; D. burqinensis, n. sp.	en	Bi, Shundong, Meng, Jin, Wu, Wenyu, Ye, Jie, Ni, Xijun (2009): New Distylomyid Rodents (Mammalia: Rodentia) from the Early Miocene Suosuoquan Formation of Northern Xinjiang, China. American Museum Novitates 3663: 1-20, DOI: 10.1206/665.1, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/665.1
03BDB214FFA3C576FF00FCFB6563FA2F.taxon	description	GEOLOGICAL RANGE: Late Oligocene to middle Miocene. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: Inner Mongolia, Gansu, and Xinjiang, China. EMENDED DIAGNOSIS: Incisive foramen small; tooth rows convergent anteriorly; mental foramen in diastema; distinct ventral masseteric crest extending below p 4; sciurognathous angular process; dental formula 1 / 1, 0 / 0, 1 / 1, 3 / 3; cheek teeth hypselodont with asymmetrical pattern; P 4 nonmolariform; upper molars bilophodont without the mure; p 4 molariform; lower molars bilophodont with the mure; mesoflexid and hypoflexid deep and wide, opposite to each other and with cement; worn occlusal surface of cheek teeth smoothly concave with enamel thin or interrupted at the posterior edge of teeth.	en	Bi, Shundong, Meng, Jin, Wu, Wenyu, Ye, Jie, Ni, Xijun (2009): New Distylomyid Rodents (Mammalia: Rodentia) from the Early Miocene Suosuoquan Formation of Northern Xinjiang, China. American Museum Novitates 3663: 1-20, DOI: 10.1206/665.1, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/665.1
03BDB214FFA3C57FFF60F99E66A0FCCB.taxon	description	Figures 2 – 5, table 1	en	Bi, Shundong, Meng, Jin, Wu, Wenyu, Ye, Jie, Ni, Xijun (2009): New Distylomyid Rodents (Mammalia: Rodentia) from the Early Miocene Suosuoquan Formation of Northern Xinjiang, China. American Museum Novitates 3663: 1-20, DOI: 10.1206/665.1, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/665.1
03BDB214FFA3C57FFF60F99E66A0FCCB.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Intermediate sized species, slightly larger than D. tedfordi and smaller than D. qianlishanensis. Differing from D. tedfordi in having p 4 longer than m 1, a more elongate anterolophid and absence of posterolophid on p 4, m 1 relatively wider with a more acute lingual apex of the trigonid. Differs from D. qianlishanensis in having a more acute anterolophid and subtriangular talonid on p 4, lower molar trigonid triangular, and mental foramen higher on the mandible.	en	Bi, Shundong, Meng, Jin, Wu, Wenyu, Ye, Jie, Ni, Xijun (2009): New Distylomyid Rodents (Mammalia: Rodentia) from the Early Miocene Suosuoquan Formation of Northern Xinjiang, China. American Museum Novitates 3663: 1-20, DOI: 10.1206/665.1, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/665.1
03BDB214FFA3C57FFF60F99E66A0FCCB.taxon	materials_examined	HOLOTYPE: IVPP V 16014.1, anterior partial skull with P 4 – M 3 and associated mandible. REFERRED MATERIAL: IVPP V 16014.2, palate with dentition; V 16014.3, palate with broken left P 4 – M 2 and right M 1 – M 3; V 16014.4, palate with left M 1 – M 2 and right P 4 – M 2; V 16014.5, palate with left M 1 and right M 1 – M 2; V 16014.6, partial premaxilla with incisors; V 16014.7, left premaxilla with broken I 2; V 16014.8 – 9, 2 right premaxillae with broken I 2; V 16014.10 – 14, 5 left M 1; V 16014.15, left M 2; V 16014.16 – 21, 6 right M 1; V 16014.22, right M 2; V 16014.23 – 26, 4 right M 3; V 16014.27 – 32, 6 left fragmentary mandibles with broken i 2, and p 4 – m 3; V 16014.33 – 34, 2 left fragmentary mandibles with broken i 2 and p 4 – m 2; V 16014.35 – 39, 5 left fragmentary mandibles with p 4 – m 1; V 16014.40, left fragmentary mandible with p 4; V 16014.41, left fragmentary mandible with broken p 4 – m 1; V 16014.42, left fragmentary mandible with m 1 – m 2; V 16014.43, left fragmentary mandible with m 2 – m 3; V 16014.44, left m 1; V 16014.45 – 46, 2 left m 2; V 16014.47, left m 3; V 16014. 48, right fragmentary mandible with broken i 2 and p 4 – m 3; V 16014.49, right fragmentary mandible with broken p 4 – m 1 and complete m 2 – m 3; V 16014.50 – 51, 2 right fragmentary mandibles with p 4 – m 2; V 16014.52 – 55, 4 right fragmentary mandibles with p 4; V 16014.56 – 57, 2 right fragmentary mandibles with m 1 – m 2; V 16014.58, right fragmentary mandible with m 2 – m 3; V 16014.59, right fragmentary mandible with broken m 1; V 16014.60 – 61, 2 right p 4; V 16014.62 – 64, 3 right m 1; V 16014.65 – 66, 2 right m 3.	en	Bi, Shundong, Meng, Jin, Wu, Wenyu, Ye, Jie, Ni, Xijun (2009): New Distylomyid Rodents (Mammalia: Rodentia) from the Early Miocene Suosuoquan Formation of Northern Xinjiang, China. American Museum Novitates 3663: 1-20, DOI: 10.1206/665.1, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/665.1
03BDB214FFA3C57FFF60F99E66A0FCCB.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: the species name refers to Burqin County, where site XJ 200601 is located. LOCALITY AND AGE: Locality XJ 200601 (47 ° 23.198 9 N, 86 ° 47.981 9 E), Burqin County, Xinjiang, China. Suosuoquan Formation, early Miocene.	en	Bi, Shundong, Meng, Jin, Wu, Wenyu, Ye, Jie, Ni, Xijun (2009): New Distylomyid Rodents (Mammalia: Rodentia) from the Early Miocene Suosuoquan Formation of Northern Xinjiang, China. American Museum Novitates 3663: 1-20, DOI: 10.1206/665.1, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/665.1
03BDB214FFA3C57FFF60F99E66A0FCCB.taxon	description	REPOSITORY: The specimens are stored in the collections of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing. DESCRIPTION: The holotype IVPP V 16014.1 is a partial skull with articulated mandible. The skull preserves the anterior half, including the rostrum, palate, and partial frontal (fig. 2) and has been crushed and distorted, with the premaxilla shifted slightly lateroventrally. The incisive foramen is obscured due to distortion. Judging from what is preserved in the holotype and V 16014.2 (fig. 4), it is very slender and narrow and ends posteriorly at the level of the center of the anterior zygomatic root. The base of the zygomatic root is preserved and shows that the zygomatic plate is not developed; its anterior margin is located far in front of P 4 and its posterior margin is between P 4 and M 1. The tooth rows are convergent anteriorly. The palate is wider than the length of m 1. The palatine-maxillary suture starts from anterior to M 1. No palatine foramen can be recognized. In dorsal view, the nasal bones are narrow and extend posteriorly as far as the premaxillae. Laterally, the premaxillary-maxillary suture extends above M 1. The infraorbital foramen, although broken, is evidently large and hystricomorphous. The frontals are flat and broadened relative to the width of the rostrum. The diastema of the mandible is shallow and shorter than the tooth row (fig. 3). The mental foramen is small and near the dorsal surface of the diastema. The mandible has a robust ventral masseteric crest, but there is no trace for the dorsal crest. The ventral crest terminates slightly anterior to the talonid of p 4. Very little of the ascending ramus and angular process is preserved, but what remains suggests that the angular process is in the plane of the incisor within the horizontal ramus, as in other distylomyids. The dental formula is 1 / 1, 0 / 0, 1 / 1, 3 / 3. All cheek teeth are hypselodont and at least moderately worn, so that little is known about tooth cusps. The upper incisors are broad and flattened anteriorly. Upper cheek teeth are strongly recurved toward the root, and the curvature increases posteriorly (fig. 4). P 4 is nonmolariform, unilobate, and somewhat trapezoidal in occlusal outline, with the posterior border slightly wider than the anterior one (fig. 4). Enamel is thinner at posterior margin. All upper molars are strongly bilophodont without the mure, so that the trigon and talon form two separated enamel loops. The trigon and talon are straight and parallel to each other. They are separated by a transverse central flexus, which is almost completely filled with cement. In side views, lateral and medial flexi persist to the base of the tooth crown. The trigon is trapezoidal with a flattened lingual wall and a gently convex labial one. The talon is subrectangular, slightly wider than long. Given the tooth curvature, the upper tooth crown inclines posteriorly. Each molar bears four transverse enamel lophs that form the cutting edges of the tooth. M 1 is on average larger than M 2 (table 1). In M 1, the talon is wider but anteroposteriorly more compressed than the trigon. In M 2 the talon is equal to or narrower than the trigon. M 3 is larger than the preceding molars. In M 3, the talon is reduced and much narrower, but slightly longer than the trigon. The lower incisors extend posteriorly in the jaw to below m 3 (fig. 3). The incisor enamel is thick, relative to the depth of the incisor (fig. 5 D – F). It has a flat buccal surface and similarly wraps around to cover the medial and lateral sides of the tooth to a significant extent. The enamel microstructure is multiserial (Korvenkontio, 1934; Wahlert, 1968, 1989; Martin, 1992, 1997), and more specifically it consists of multiserial Hunter-Schreger bands (HSB) with rectangular interprismatic matrix (IPM), a more derived type than the parallel IPM that has an acute angle to the bands (Martin, 1992; 1997). The enamel is 150 – 165 Mm thick, of which the portio interna (PI) and portio externa (PE) account for about 85 % and 15 %, respectively. Within the PI, each band consists mostly of four prisms. The HSB has a 50 ° – 60 ° angle to the enamel-dentine junction, as measured following Martin (1992). Unlike P 4, which is nonmolariform, p 4 is fully molariform and the largest of lower cheek teeth (fig. 4). The p 4 trigonid is narrower than the talonid, with an acute anterior projection; its anterolingual edge is concave. The talonid is shorter but wider than the trigonid. No posterolophid is present except for three specimens that bear a shallow one. In 11 mandibles with check teeth, the premolar is less worn or in the same stage of wear as m 1. Therefore we identify it as permanent p 4, although Wang (1997) suggested that it may be deciduous p 4. All lower molars are similar in overall morphology. The m 1 is longer than m 2, but shorter than m 3. All molars are bilophodont but have the mure; therefore, the trigonid and talonid are confluent through a narrow neck. The trigonid is triangular, with a tapered and acute lingual apex and straight anterolingual edge. The mesoflexid and hypoflexid intrude transversely halfway across the crown and are filled by thin cement. In side view, both flexids extend to the base of the crown. In m 1, the talonid is wider than the trigonid with gently convex posterior edge. In m 2, the talonid is equal to or slightly narrower than the trigonid. In m 3, the talonid is much narrower than the trigonid.	en	Bi, Shundong, Meng, Jin, Wu, Wenyu, Ye, Jie, Ni, Xijun (2009): New Distylomyid Rodents (Mammalia: Rodentia) from the Early Miocene Suosuoquan Formation of Northern Xinjiang, China. American Museum Novitates 3663: 1-20, DOI: 10.1206/665.1, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/665.1
03BDB214FFA3C57FFF60F99E66A0FCCB.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: The type species D. tedfordi was described by Wang (1988) on the basis of a single mandible, which was collected in 1928 by the Third Asiatic Expedition, AMNH, from the middle Miocene Tunggur Formation of the Tairum Nor Basin of Inner Mongolia. No additional material has since been referred to the species, restricting the comparison of the new materials to the lower jaw only. D. burqinensis is similar to D. tedfordi and is clearly closely related to it. The type specimen of D. tedfordi from Tunggur lies within the lower size range of D. burqinensis from Burqin. Morphologically, however, D. tedfordi differs from D. burqinensis in several aspects: p 4 shorter than m 1, having a less elongate anterolophid and subelliptical talonid, m 1 relatively narrower with an inward curved anterolingual edge and more blunt lingual apex. In D. tedfordi, the posterolophid is distinct on p 4; in Burqin specimens, it is distinct in three, and absent in eight.	en	Bi, Shundong, Meng, Jin, Wu, Wenyu, Ye, Jie, Ni, Xijun (2009): New Distylomyid Rodents (Mammalia: Rodentia) from the Early Miocene Suosuoquan Formation of Northern Xinjiang, China. American Museum Novitates 3663: 1-20, DOI: 10.1206/665.1, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/665.1
03BDB214FFA3C57FFF60F99E66A0FCCB.taxon	description	D. burqinensis is smaller than D. qianlishanensis and differs in having a more acute anterolophid and subtriangular talonid on p 4; triangular trigonid on lower molars, and higher position of the mental foramen on the mandible. Wang (1988) thought D. tedfordi was morphologically more primitive than D. qianlishanensis because it possesses a well-developed posterolophid, a condition considered primitive. This, as Wang noted, is inconsistent with the stratigraphic occurrences of the species because D. tedfordi was found in later deposits (middle Miocene) than D. qianlishanensis (late Oligocene). D. burqinensis, with an early Miocene age, also lacks the posterolophid or has only an incipient one. We therefore offer an alternative interpretation: the presence of the posterolophid is a derived character within the genus, appearing in species with a younger age. If this is true, D. burqinensis is morphologically intermediate between D. qianlishanensis and D. tedfordi, but is more similar to the latter. It should be noted that size decreases in this lineage.	en	Bi, Shundong, Meng, Jin, Wu, Wenyu, Ye, Jie, Ni, Xijun (2009): New Distylomyid Rodents (Mammalia: Rodentia) from the Early Miocene Suosuoquan Formation of Northern Xinjiang, China. American Museum Novitates 3663: 1-20, DOI: 10.1206/665.1, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/665.1
03BDB214FFAAC57FFF15FCF26526FAF9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES: Prodistylomys xinjiangensis Wang and Qi, 1989. INCLUDED SPECIES: Prodistylomys lii, n. sp.; P. wangae, n. sp.	en	Bi, Shundong, Meng, Jin, Wu, Wenyu, Ye, Jie, Ni, Xijun (2009): New Distylomyid Rodents (Mammalia: Rodentia) from the Early Miocene Suosuoquan Formation of Northern Xinjiang, China. American Museum Novitates 3663: 1-20, DOI: 10.1206/665.1, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/665.1
03BDB214FFAAC57FFF15FCF26526FAF9.taxon	description	GEOLOGICAL RANGE: Early Miocene. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: Xinjiang, China EMENDED DIAGNOSIS: M 3 bilophodont without the mure and asymmetrical with the corresponding lower molar, as in Distylomys. Differs from Distylomys in having rooted, hypsodont cheek teeth, M 3 trigon semilunar shaped in outline, p 4 with shorter trigonid, m 1 – 2 with short trigonid and narrower talonid than the trigonid, thinner cement in hypoflexid and mesoflexid in lower molars.	en	Bi, Shundong, Meng, Jin, Wu, Wenyu, Ye, Jie, Ni, Xijun (2009): New Distylomyid Rodents (Mammalia: Rodentia) from the Early Miocene Suosuoquan Formation of Northern Xinjiang, China. American Museum Novitates 3663: 1-20, DOI: 10.1206/665.1, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/665.1
03BDB214FFAAC57EFED7FAED64B1F909.taxon	description	Figures 6 – 7, table 1	en	Bi, Shundong, Meng, Jin, Wu, Wenyu, Ye, Jie, Ni, Xijun (2009): New Distylomyid Rodents (Mammalia: Rodentia) from the Early Miocene Suosuoquan Formation of Northern Xinjiang, China. American Museum Novitates 3663: 1-20, DOI: 10.1206/665.1, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/665.1
03BDB214FFAAC57EFED7FAED64B1F909.taxon	materials_examined	HOLOTYPE: IVPP V 16015.1, right fragmentary mandible with broken i 2, and m 1 – m 3. REFERRED MATERIAL: IVPP V 16015.2, right M 3; V 16015.3, right p 4.	en	Bi, Shundong, Meng, Jin, Wu, Wenyu, Ye, Jie, Ni, Xijun (2009): New Distylomyid Rodents (Mammalia: Rodentia) from the Early Miocene Suosuoquan Formation of Northern Xinjiang, China. American Museum Novitates 3663: 1-20, DOI: 10.1206/665.1, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/665.1
03BDB214FFAAC57EFED7FAED64B1F909.taxon	description	STRATIGRAPHIC AND GEOGRAPHIC PROVENANCE: Suosuoquan Formation of Chibaerwoyi, Xinjiang. Early Miocene.	en	Bi, Shundong, Meng, Jin, Wu, Wenyu, Ye, Jie, Ni, Xijun (2009): New Distylomyid Rodents (Mammalia: Rodentia) from the Early Miocene Suosuoquan Formation of Northern Xinjiang, China. American Museum Novitates 3663: 1-20, DOI: 10.1206/665.1, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/665.1
03BDB214FFAAC57EFED7FAED64B1F909.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: Named for Professor Li Chuankui for his many contributions to the study of Asiatic rodents.	en	Bi, Shundong, Meng, Jin, Wu, Wenyu, Ye, Jie, Ni, Xijun (2009): New Distylomyid Rodents (Mammalia: Rodentia) from the Early Miocene Suosuoquan Formation of Northern Xinjiang, China. American Museum Novitates 3663: 1-20, DOI: 10.1206/665.1, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/665.1
03BDB214FFAAC57EFED7FAED64B1F909.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Similar to P. xinjiangensis in size, but differs in having well-developed roots, the absence of the metaflexid, and less hypsodonty. COMPARATIVE DESCRIPTION: The only preserved upper cheek tooth V 16015.2 is a heavily worn M 3 (fig. 7 – A). The M 3 trigon is kidney shaped, whereas it is trapezoidal in Distylomys burqinensis. The talon is much narrower than the trigon. At this stage of wear, the flexi are already fused and form a fossette. No cement is present in the fossette. The two strong roots of M 3 are fused. The mandible (fig. 6) is similar to that of the type species, P. xinjiangensis. The diastema is short and shallow. The mental foramen opens dorsally and lies on the dorsal side of the diastema. In contrast, in P. xinjiangensis the mental foramen opens labially and occurs near the level of the dorsal shelf. The lower incisor is short, extending posteriorly to below m 2 as in P. xinjiangensis and D. qianlishanensis, whereas it extends as far as m 3 in D. burqinensis. The tip of the lower incisor is broken and its cross section is subrectangular with flat anterior and lingual walls. The enamel thins and extends a short distance onto the labial and lingual walls. The p 4 is not preserved in the holotype, but the alveolus indicates presence of three roots (fig. 6). The only known p 4 is IVPP V 16015.3 (fig. 7 B). The trigonid is shaped like an isosceles triangle with gently concave labial and lingual margins. The anterolophid is short and blunt. The hypoflexid extends only halfway down the tooth, whereas the mesoflexid is much longer, extending to the root. The flexids are U-shaped and have no cement. In P. xinjiangensis, the flexids are V-shaped and cement filled. The talonid is wider than the trigonid; the talonid is slightly broken posteriorly, but what remains suggests absence of a metaflexid. This p 4 has 3 roots. Although the p 4 crown morphology is similar to that of dp 4 of P. xinjiangensis except for the absence of the posterolophid, we prefer to consider this tooth as p 4 because the roots are not splayed apart. If so interpreted, it is probable that p 4 and dp 4 have similar general crown morphology. The lower molars have the same bilophodont occlusal pattern as P. xinjiangensis, but lack the posterolophid. The flexids extend only to the alveolus, clearly showing welldeveloped roots in all the lower molars. In P. xinjiangensis, the flexids extend all the way into the tooth base, indicating reduced roots.	en	Bi, Shundong, Meng, Jin, Wu, Wenyu, Ye, Jie, Ni, Xijun (2009): New Distylomyid Rodents (Mammalia: Rodentia) from the Early Miocene Suosuoquan Formation of Northern Xinjiang, China. American Museum Novitates 3663: 1-20, DOI: 10.1206/665.1, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/665.1
03BDB214FFAAC57EFED7FAED64B1F909.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: In the Chibaerwoyi locality, fossils were mostly collected from beds A and B (7 – 12 m, and 14 – 21 m from the base of the formation, respectively). P. lii was collected from Bed A. The exact stratigraphic level of P. xinjiangensis was uncertain, but most likely was collected from Bed A. However, P. lii is morphologically more primitive than P. xinjiangensis in having stronger roots, or less hypsodonty, and lack of posterolophid, suggesting an earlier occurrence.	en	Bi, Shundong, Meng, Jin, Wu, Wenyu, Ye, Jie, Ni, Xijun (2009): New Distylomyid Rodents (Mammalia: Rodentia) from the Early Miocene Suosuoquan Formation of Northern Xinjiang, China. American Museum Novitates 3663: 1-20, DOI: 10.1206/665.1, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/665.1
03BDB214FFACC579FF35FD2D6335F996.taxon	description	Figure 8, table 1	en	Bi, Shundong, Meng, Jin, Wu, Wenyu, Ye, Jie, Ni, Xijun (2009): New Distylomyid Rodents (Mammalia: Rodentia) from the Early Miocene Suosuoquan Formation of Northern Xinjiang, China. American Museum Novitates 3663: 1-20, DOI: 10.1206/665.1, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/665.1
03BDB214FFACC579FF35FD2D6335F996.taxon	materials_examined	HOLOTYPE: IVPP V 16016.1, right fragmentary mandible with broken incisor and complete p 4 – m 2. REFERRED MATERIAL: IVPP V 16016.2, right M 3; V 16016.3, left fragmentary mandible with broken i 2 – p 4, and m 1 – m 2; V 16016.4, right fragmentary mandible with broken i 2 and p 4 – m 2; V 16016.5, left m 1.	en	Bi, Shundong, Meng, Jin, Wu, Wenyu, Ye, Jie, Ni, Xijun (2009): New Distylomyid Rodents (Mammalia: Rodentia) from the Early Miocene Suosuoquan Formation of Northern Xinjiang, China. American Museum Novitates 3663: 1-20, DOI: 10.1206/665.1, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/665.1
03BDB214FFACC579FF35FD2D6335F996.taxon	description	LOCALITY AND AGE: Locality XJ 200601 (47 ° 23.198 9 N, 86 ° 47.981 9 E) in Burqin County of Xinjiang, Suosuoquan Formation, early Miocene.	en	Bi, Shundong, Meng, Jin, Wu, Wenyu, Ye, Jie, Ni, Xijun (2009): New Distylomyid Rodents (Mammalia: Rodentia) from the Early Miocene Suosuoquan Formation of Northern Xinjiang, China. American Museum Novitates 3663: 1-20, DOI: 10.1206/665.1, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/665.1
03BDB214FFACC579FF35FD2D6335F996.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY: The species name, wangae, is in honor of our colleague, Wang Banyue, for her contribution to the study of distylomyids. REPOSITORY: The specimens are stored in the collections of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing.	en	Bi, Shundong, Meng, Jin, Wu, Wenyu, Ye, Jie, Ni, Xijun (2009): New Distylomyid Rodents (Mammalia: Rodentia) from the Early Miocene Suosuoquan Formation of Northern Xinjiang, China. American Museum Novitates 3663: 1-20, DOI: 10.1206/665.1, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/665.1
03BDB214FFACC579FF35FD2D6335F996.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Slightly larger than P. lii and P. xinjiangensis. Differs from P. lii in having weak roots, thicker cement, rounded lingual apex of m 1 trigonid, shorter talonid on m 2. Differs from P. xinjiangensis in having thicker cement, rounded lingual apex of m 1 trigonid, and the absence of the metaflexid on lower molars.	en	Bi, Shundong, Meng, Jin, Wu, Wenyu, Ye, Jie, Ni, Xijun (2009): New Distylomyid Rodents (Mammalia: Rodentia) from the Early Miocene Suosuoquan Formation of Northern Xinjiang, China. American Museum Novitates 3663: 1-20, DOI: 10.1206/665.1, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/665.1
03BDB214FFACC579FF35FD2D6335F996.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION: The M 3 trigon is semicircular in outline, with a straight posterior margin (fig. 8 A). The enamel is very thick, becoming thinner on the posterior margin. The hypoflexus extends to the base of the crown and becomes shallower while approaching the base. The mesoflexus extends L of the height of the crown and is fused toward the base, suggesting a rudimentary root. On the contrary, in P. lii, both flexi are fused, showing a well-developed root. The talon is circular shaped, much narrower than the trigon. The state of the masseteric crest is typical for the genus; the ventral crest is strong and extends under p 4 and the dorsal crest is absent. The lower incisor extends posteriorly to underneath m 3. The lower incisor is similar in its general morphology and microstructure to that of Distylomys burqinensis except that the pulp cavity is significantly smaller (fig. 5 A, D). The p 4 is shorter than m 1 (fig. 8 C). The trigonid is much narrower than the talonid compared with that in P. lii and P. xinjiangensis and has a stout anterolophid. The anterolophid is blunt and lies well toward the labial side of the tooth rather than in the center. Only thin cement is present in the flexids. The talonid has a vestigial posterolophid. Only m 1 and m 2 are preserved (fig. 8 C; table 1). The lower molars are bilophodont, and hypsodont. The crown expands toward the base. The trigonid is subelliptical with a rounded anterior wall and a long axis oriented slightly anterolabial-posterolingually. The flexids are Ushaped with thin cement; the mesoflexid shallows but extends all the way to the base, and the hypoflexid extends down 2 / 3 of the height of the crown where it closes, indicating a rudimentary root (fig. 8 B). The talonid is narrower than the trigonid, and is compressed with acute labial and lingual angles. The m 1 and m 2 are identical in crown morphology, but m 2 is shorter than m 1, and the lingual apex of its trigonid is more acute.	en	Bi, Shundong, Meng, Jin, Wu, Wenyu, Ye, Jie, Ni, Xijun (2009): New Distylomyid Rodents (Mammalia: Rodentia) from the Early Miocene Suosuoquan Formation of Northern Xinjiang, China. American Museum Novitates 3663: 1-20, DOI: 10.1206/665.1, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/665.1
03BDB214FFACC579FF35FD2D6335F996.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Although the Xinjiang specimens are very similar to Distylomys in crown morphology, the rudimentary roots of the cheek teeth, shorter trigonid and narrower talonid on lower molars, and thinner cement suggest that it is better to assign the specimens to the genus Prodistylomys rather than to Distylomys. P. wangae differs substantially from P. lii in showing a tendency to the loss of roots and subelliptical trigonid. It differs from P. xinjiangensis in the absence of the posterolophid (or metaflexid) and subelliptical trigonid.	en	Bi, Shundong, Meng, Jin, Wu, Wenyu, Ye, Jie, Ni, Xijun (2009): New Distylomyid Rodents (Mammalia: Rodentia) from the Early Miocene Suosuoquan Formation of Northern Xinjiang, China. American Museum Novitates 3663: 1-20, DOI: 10.1206/665.1, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/665.1
