taxonID	type	description	language	source
F90F1925EE1A7B36EB93FD02FE1DD521.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — Huynhia pulchra (Willdenow ex Roemer & Schultes) Greuter & Burdet (1981: 37). Perennial, erect to decumbent hispid herbs. Stems single to many, branched or unbranched, arising from a taproot. Inflorescence terminal, simple or forked, of scorpioid cymes, bracteate. Calyx divided nearly to the base, lobes accrescent, usually shorter than the corolla tube. Corolla hypocrateriform, yellow dark red to purplish or blue, sometimes with conspicuously spotted limb, lobes strongly imbricate in bud, usually spreading or widely ascending, entire to sometimes lacerate, throat puberulous inside and outside. Stamens inserted irregularly at different levels (3 distal + 2 proximal); anthers oblong to narrowly oblong, not exerted. Flowers heterostylic. Style inflated (except H. pulchra), not exserted; stigma capitate, shallowly or deeply bilobed, inflated or filiform. Usually, one to four nutlets developing, trigonal, ovoid-pyramidal, usually broadest at the base, rough or smooth, verrucose, rugose or rugulose; venter usually angulate, keeled.	en	Khalvati, Sina, Ranjbar, Massoud (2021): The comparative study of Alkanna and Huynhia (Boraginaceae, Lithospermeae), with description of a new species in Iran. Phytotaxa 524 (4): 216-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.524.4.1
F90F1925EE1A7B30EB93FB7EFDA2D38E.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — [USSR], ad Caucasum, Adams 3396 (holotype B! [B-W 03396 - 010]). Fig. 3.	en	Khalvati, Sina, Ranjbar, Massoud (2021): The comparative study of Alkanna and Huynhia (Boraginaceae, Lithospermeae), with description of a new species in Iran. Phytotaxa 524 (4): 216-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.524.4.1
F90F1925EE1A7B30EB93FB7EFDA2D38E.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — IRAN. Mazandaran: Kojur, Namazgah, 3100 m, 1 August 1941, Parsa 213 (holotype K! [K 000958610]). (See also full synonymy by Edmondson 1977).	en	Khalvati, Sina, Ranjbar, Massoud (2021): The comparative study of Alkanna and Huynhia (Boraginaceae, Lithospermeae), with description of a new species in Iran. Phytotaxa 524 (4): 216-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.524.4.1
F90F1925EE1A7B30EB93FB7EFDA2D38E.taxon	description	Description: — Perennial grayish green plant, with stout scaly stock. Stem multi-branched, 15 – 45 cm, densely yellow whitish setose. Basal leaves, oblong to lanceolate, 6 – 15 × 1 – 2.5 mm, acute to subacute, tapering into the petiole, with entire, flat or sometimes slightly undulate margins; cauline leaves, obovate to oblanceolate, 3 – 5 × 0.5 – 1.5 mm, acute or subacute, sessile, attenuate at base, with an evident midrib, veinless. Inflorescence a loose terminal head; pedicels short, 1 mm long in flower, up to 2 mm in fruit; peduncle 7 – 8 cm long; bracts triangular to lanceolate, 8 – 18 × 3 – 8 mm. Calyx 8 – 14 mm long in flower, up to 18 mm long in the fruiting state, broad at nearly the base; lobes oblong to triangular, acute to obtuse, densely hispid-setose with yellowish, patent setae up to 2 mm long. Corolla sulphur yellow with purple spots, tube usually twice as long as the calyx, 18 – 20 mm long; tube puberulous inside and outside, annulus absent; with unequal lobes, 3 – 5 × 2 – 3 mm, with purple spots. Stamens inserted irregularly at different levels; three higher at the throat and two lower above the tube. Style 9 – 10 mm long, reaching up to slightly above the middle of the corolla tube, deeply bilobed, the lobes 0.5 – 0.7 mm long. Nutlets 4 – 4.5 × 3 – 3.5 mm, ovoid-subglobose, acute, chestnutbrown, tuberculate, and faintly rugulose to scrobiculate, with sharp ventral keel. Palynology: — Pollen grains prolate, stephanocolporate, equatorial axis (E) 17.6 ± 0.84 μm (mean ± standard deviation), polar axis (P) 28.45 ± 3.9 μm, ornamentation psilate. Fig. 5.	en	Khalvati, Sina, Ranjbar, Massoud (2021): The comparative study of Alkanna and Huynhia (Boraginaceae, Lithospermeae), with description of a new species in Iran. Phytotaxa 524 (4): 216-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.524.4.1
F90F1925EE1A7B30EB93FB7EFDA2D38E.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — Huynhia pulchra is an element of the Euxinian and the Hyrcanian floristic provinces. Fig. 6.	en	Khalvati, Sina, Ranjbar, Massoud (2021): The comparative study of Alkanna and Huynhia (Boraginaceae, Lithospermeae), with description of a new species in Iran. Phytotaxa 524 (4): 216-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.524.4.1
F90F1925EE1A7B30EB93FB7EFDA2D38E.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology: — The species usually grows on stony clay slopes or shallow sandy scree over mottled clay, or shallow gravelly sand over gravel over clay duplex sandy gravel in rocky and clay mountain at 1500 – 3300 m. Additional specimens examined: — AZERBAIJAN. Quba: Daðüstü yolu, 41 ° 11 ’ 17 ’’ N, 48 ° 22 ’ 19 ’’ E, 1994 m, 4 June 1907, Busch & Klopotow 797 (MW- 0707671). ARMENIA. Lori: 27 June 1926, Chukina s. n. (MW- 0707720). GEORGIA. Imereti: Vani, 40 ° 44 ’ 08 ’’ N, 44 ° 21 ’ 54 ’’ E, 2364 m, 8 July 1977, Pimenov 1287 (MW- 0707728); Tskhinvali: Saboloke, 42 ° 20 ’ 51 ’’ N, 44 ° 5 ’ 52 ’’ E, 1820 m, 22 July 1954, Vitolo s. n. (MW- 0707709). IRAN. Ghazvin: Alamut, Avan village, Khasheh Chal Mt., 36 ° 28 ’ 51 ’’ N, 08 ° 50 ’ 03 ’’ E, 2919 m, Assadi & Massomi 51121 (TARI); Gilan: Khalkhal to Asalem, Almas neck, 15 km to Asalem, 37 ° 40 ’ 31 ’’ N, 48 ° 39 ’ 11 ’’ E, 1973 m, 6 June 2010, Ranjbar & Khalvati 22016 (BASU); Mazandaran: Chalus, near to Dalir village, 36 ° 29 ’ 17 ’’ N, 51 ° 29 ’ 17 ’’ E, 1700 m, s. d., Assadi & Massomi 51565 (TARI). RUSSIA. Dagestan: Artlukh, 42 ° 51 ’ 39 ’’ N, 46 ° 40 ’ 10 ’’ E, 2007 m, 3 July 1898, Kusnezow s. n. (MW- 0707697); Kabardino-Balkaria: Karachayevsky, 43 ° 15 ’ 24 ’’ N, 42 ° 38 ’ 45 ’’ E, 2247 m, 14 July 1970, Kirillina s. n. (MW- 0707681); Dombai, Mussa-Achitara Mt., 43 ° 17 ’ 00 ’’ N, 41 ° 40 ’ 00 ’’ E, 2900 m, 1 July 2008, Wen 10349 (US- 01175713); Karachay-Cherkessia: Stavropol, 43 ° 26 ’ 47 ’’ N, 41 ° 41 ’ 4 ’’ E, 2473 m, 27 June 1963, Florenskaya s. n. (MW- 0707677); Krasnodar Krai: 43 ° 38 ’ 0.4 ’’ N, 40 ° 16 ’ 19 ’’ E, 1839 m, 17 June 1935, Dayeva 80 (MW- 0707642); North Ossetia: Ingushetia & Chechnya, 42 ° 48 ’ 8.8 ’’ N, 43 ° 54 ’ 39 ’’ E, 3096 m, 5 July 1977, Shvedchikova s. n. (MW- 0707686).	en	Khalvati, Sina, Ranjbar, Massoud (2021): The comparative study of Alkanna and Huynhia (Boraginaceae, Lithospermeae), with description of a new species in Iran. Phytotaxa 524 (4): 216-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.524.4.1
F90F1925EE1C7B3FEB93F924FE0AD187.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — Alkanna tinctoria (Linnaeus) Tausch (1824: 234). Perennial herbs, flowers often sweet-scented. Leaves variously puberulous, pilose and setose, indumentum ranging from slender glandular and eglandular hairs to robust setae. Inflorescence terminal; cymes 1 - several, bracteate. Calyx divided nearly to base into lanceolate-linear lobes, stellately opening after abscission of fruit. Corolla slightly irregular, blue, yellow or white limb and often darker tube, infundibular; throat with a ring of hairs and sometimes with small invaginations. Annulus small, glabrous or ciliate. Stamens included; filaments very short, inserted in a whorl or spiral near the middle of tube; anthers oblong, obtuse. Style not exserted; stigma small, entire. Nutlets l – 2 (– 4), subreniform to obliquely ovoid, rugose or finely tuberculate, scrobiculate or reticulate, often in combination, rarely smooth; beak straight and horizontal to curved.	en	Khalvati, Sina, Ranjbar, Massoud (2021): The comparative study of Alkanna and Huynhia (Boraginaceae, Lithospermeae), with description of a new species in Iran. Phytotaxa 524 (4): 216-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.524.4.1
F90F1925EE1C7B30EB93FCD4FD40D79F.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — TURKEY. Antalya: Gazipaşa, Sugözü köyü, Akçal tepesi, 1900 – 2000 m, 17 May 1983, Sümbül 3028 (holotype HUB! [no barcode number]; isotype E [E- 00066270]). Fig. 8.	en	Khalvati, Sina, Ranjbar, Massoud (2021): The comparative study of Alkanna and Huynhia (Boraginaceae, Lithospermeae), with description of a new species in Iran. Phytotaxa 524 (4): 216-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.524.4.1
F90F1925EE1C7B30EB93FCD4FD40D79F.taxon	description	Description: — Perennial grayish green plant, with stout scaly stock. Stem simple, 10 – 15 cm long, densely yellow setose. Basal leaves linear-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 5 – 15 × 0.6 – 1.5 cm, apex acute, tapering into the petiole, with entire, flat, or sometimes slightly undulate margins; indumentum erect or patent, whitish only on the midrib. Cauline leaves, linear-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 1.5 – 3 × 0.4 – 0.7 cm, acute or subacute, sessile, attenuate at base, with an evident midrib, veinless. Inflorescence a compact terminal head; 1.5 – 4 × 1.5 – 3 cm pedicels short, peduncle 1 – 2 cm long; bracts linear to lanceolate, 10 – 22 × 1 – 6 mm. Calyx 9 – 13 mm long in flower, up to 15 mm long in the fruiting state, broad at the base; lobes linear to lanceolate, acute, densely yellow setose, up to 2 mm long. Corolla dark red or purple, lobes 1 – 1.2 mm long, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; tube almost glabrous outside, slightly pilose at the middle, inside densely pubescent near the anthers, slightly constricted below the anthers. Annulus absent. Stamens inserted irregularly at different levels; three higher at the throat and two lower down in the tube. Anthers 1.2 mm long. Style 9 – 10 mm long, reaching up to above the middle of the corolla tube, shallowly bilobed, nearly up to the corolla lobes, sometimes exerted from the calyx lobes. Nutlets trigonal, slightly rugulose, keeled on the ventral side, beaked at the apex, shiny, annulate at the base. Other four dorsal keels obvious only on the ring. Ring chestnut brown, other parts whitish with brown striae. Beak acute, 1 mm long, curved to the ventral side. Palynology: — Pollen grains elliptical shape and narrowly fusiform, stephanocolporate, equatorial axis (E) 24 μm, polar axis (P) 34 μm, in the higher number of apertures which is 6 – 7, ornamentation (sub) psilate (Coppi et al. 2015).	en	Khalvati, Sina, Ranjbar, Massoud (2021): The comparative study of Alkanna and Huynhia (Boraginaceae, Lithospermeae), with description of a new species in Iran. Phytotaxa 524 (4): 216-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.524.4.1
F90F1925EE1C7B30EB93FCD4FD40D79F.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — Huynhia purpurea is a rare Turkish endemic species known to be distributed in a small area at Taurus Mts. in the southern part of Turkey (Ekim 2009). Fig. 6.	en	Khalvati, Sina, Ranjbar, Massoud (2021): The comparative study of Alkanna and Huynhia (Boraginaceae, Lithospermeae), with description of a new species in Iran. Phytotaxa 524 (4): 216-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.524.4.1
F90F1925EE1C7B30EB93FCD4FD40D79F.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology: — It occurs in rocky limestone slopes, ca. 1500 – 2000 m elevation. Additional specimens examined: — TURKEY. Antalya: Alanya, Gökbel village (Taurus Mts.); 1665 m, 36 ° 42 ’ N, 32 ° 19 ’ E, sd., Cecchi et al. 13.24 (FIAF); Konya: Karahasan, between Sariveliler and Taþkent, 36 º 44.91 ’ N, 32 º 38.09 ’ E, 1800 m, sd., Cecchi et al. 13.38 (FIAF).	en	Khalvati, Sina, Ranjbar, Massoud (2021): The comparative study of Alkanna and Huynhia (Boraginaceae, Lithospermeae), with description of a new species in Iran. Phytotaxa 524 (4): 216-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.524.4.1
F90F1925EE117B3CEB93FF48FDAAD3F3.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — IRAN. Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad: Dena Mt. [In argillosis humidis alpis Kuh-Daëna post nivem deliquescentem], 8 July 1842, Kotschy 573 (holotype G! [G- 00176782]; isotype BM! [BM 013839850], C! [C 10008670], E! [E 00284793], FI! [FI 009503], GOET! [GOET 005793], H! [H 1613716], K! [K- 001085737], MO! [MO- 503924], P! [P 00606828], US! [US 01050205], W! [W- 0051322], WAG! [WAG 0058072]). Fig. 9.	en	Khalvati, Sina, Ranjbar, Massoud (2021): The comparative study of Alkanna and Huynhia (Boraginaceae, Lithospermeae), with description of a new species in Iran. Phytotaxa 524 (4): 216-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.524.4.1
F90F1925EE117B3CEB93FF48FDAAD3F3.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — IRAN. Tehran: Tochal Mt. [M. Elburs, in jugo Lädd alpium Totschal], 3000 m, 4 June 1902, Bornmüller 7703 (holotype JE! [JE- 00012012]).	en	Khalvati, Sina, Ranjbar, Massoud (2021): The comparative study of Alkanna and Huynhia (Boraginaceae, Lithospermeae), with description of a new species in Iran. Phytotaxa 524 (4): 216-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.524.4.1
F90F1925EE117B3CEB93FF48FDAAD3F3.taxon	description	Description: — Perennial, root rather thick, stem 3 – 10 (– 15) cm long, multi-branched, branched from base, densely patent-pilose. Basal leaves oblong to ovate, 30 – 100 × 5 – 12 mm, acute to sub-acute, tapering into the petiole, with entire, flat, or sometimes slightly undulate margins, white densely tuberculate setose. Cauline leaves oblong to linear, 10 – 20 × 3 – 5 mm, acute or subacute, sessile, attenuate at base, with an evident midrib, veinless, densely white setose. Inflorescence a compact terminal head; pedicels short, leafy, peduncle 1 – 2 cm long; bracts oblong to ovate, 5 – 10 × 2 – 5 mm, densely to sparsely tuberculate setiform and pilose. Pedicels erect, 1 – 2 mm long at flowering, recurved 2 – 3 mm long in fruit and pilose. Calyx 3 – 5 mm long in flowering time, densely hirsute, and eglandular hairy. Corolla sulphur yellow, occasionally with purple spots, 10 – 12 (– 15) mm long, glabrous outside, limb 3 – 5 mm in diam., tube 2 – 3 mm wide, and 6 – 10 mm long. Nutlets 5 – 6 × 3 – 4 mm, densely tuberculate; beak horizontal to strongly curved. Additional specimens examined: — IRAN. Alborz: Kandavan, 36 º 5 ’ N, 51 º 11 ’ E, s. d., Wendelbo & Shirdelpour 11650 (TARI); Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari: Lordegan, between Monj & Char-Tagh, Tang-e Zendan, 31 º 30 ’ N, 50 º 49 ’ E, s. d., Mozaffarian 59924 (TARI); Isfahan: Semirom, Khafr, Dena Mt., 30 º 58 ’ N, 51 º 30 ’ E, s. d., Riazi 5982 (TARI); Ghazvin: Alamut, 36 º 31 ’ N, 50 º 28 ’ E, s. d., Mirfakhrayi 1382 (TARI); Semnan: 35 km north of Damghan, Touyeh, 36 º 2 ’ N, 53 º 51 ’ E, s. d., Wendelbo & Assadi 29488 (TARI); Tehran: Damavand, Valiran village, 35 º 40 ’ N, 52 º 5 ’ E, s. d., Mozaffarian 32345 (TARI).	en	Khalvati, Sina, Ranjbar, Massoud (2021): The comparative study of Alkanna and Huynhia (Boraginaceae, Lithospermeae), with description of a new species in Iran. Phytotaxa 524 (4): 216-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.524.4.1
F90F1925EE107B39EB93FD02FC72D2CC.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — IRAN. Isfahan: Semirom, 31 ° 25 ’ 0.01 ” N, 51 ° 34 ’ 0.01 ” E, 2950 m, 30 April 2012, Ranjbar 30880 (holotype BASU!). Fig. 11.	en	Khalvati, Sina, Ranjbar, Massoud (2021): The comparative study of Alkanna and Huynhia (Boraginaceae, Lithospermeae), with description of a new species in Iran. Phytotaxa 524 (4): 216-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.524.4.1
F90F1925EE107B39EB93FD02FC72D2CC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — The new species is similar to Huynhia pulchra, but differs by its smaller cauline leaves (1.2 – 2 cm versus 3 – 5 cm), pedicel in fruiting state (up to 8 mm versus up to 5 mm), blue to light violet corolla (versus sulphur yellow with purple spots), shorter corolla (12 – 14 mm versus 18 – 20 mm), calyx in flowering state (7 – 10 mm versus 8 – 14 mm), shorter style 5 – 7 mm (versus 9 – 10 mm) and stigma shallowly bilobed (versus deeply bilobed). The pollen grains are ovoid and 3 - colporate, in contrast to prolate and stephanocolporate pollen in H. pulchra. Pollen characters fit Alkanna, in where the new species is similar to but differs from A. frigida. It differs by corolla dark blue (versus sulphur yellow), shorter basal leaves (8 – 15 × 0.5 – 1 mm versus 30 – 100 × 5 – 12 mm) and narrow corolla limbs (versus broad limbs).	en	Khalvati, Sina, Ranjbar, Massoud (2021): The comparative study of Alkanna and Huynhia (Boraginaceae, Lithospermeae), with description of a new species in Iran. Phytotaxa 524 (4): 216-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.524.4.1
F90F1925EE107B39EB93FD02FC72D2CC.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet refers to Semirom, a city in Isfahan province, where the new species was found.	en	Khalvati, Sina, Ranjbar, Massoud (2021): The comparative study of Alkanna and Huynhia (Boraginaceae, Lithospermeae), with description of a new species in Iran. Phytotaxa 524 (4): 216-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.524.4.1
F90F1925EE107B39EB93FD02FC72D2CC.taxon	description	Description: — Perennial green plant, with stout scaly stock. Stem multi-branched, branched from base, densely patent-pilose. Basal leaves, oblong to ovate, 8 – 15 × 0.5 – 1 cm, acute to subacute, tapering into the petiole, with entire, flat, or sometimes slightly undulate margins, white setose, sometimes with prominent base. Cauline leaves, oblong to lanceolate, 1.2 – 2 × 0.3 – 0.5 mm, acute or subacute, sessile, attenuate at base, with an evident midrib, veinless, densely white setose. Inflorescence a compact terminal head; 2 – 3 × 1.5 – 3 cm, pedicels short, leafy, peduncle 1 – 2 cm long; bracts oblong to ovate, 12 – 15 × 3 – 5 mm. Calyx 7 – 10 mm long in flower, up to 15 mm long in the fruiting state, broad at nearly the base; lobes linear to lanceolate, acute, densely hispid-setose with yellowish, patent setae up to 2 mm long. Corolla blue to violet light, lobes 12 – 14 mm long, loosely pubescent outside, slightly pilose inside, slightly constricted below the anthers. Annulus absent. Stamens inserted irregularly at different levels; three higher at the throat and two lower down in the middle of the tube. Anthers 1.5 – 2 mm long. Style 5 – 7 mm long, reaching up to the middle of the corolla tube, shallowly bilobed; lobes 0.2 mm long. Nutlet not seen. Palynology: — Pollen grains heteropolar, triangular concave, tricolporate, equatorial axis (E) 9.3 ± 1.9 μm, polar axis (P) 11.5 ± 3.85 μm, ornamentation psilate. Fig. 5.	en	Khalvati, Sina, Ranjbar, Massoud (2021): The comparative study of Alkanna and Huynhia (Boraginaceae, Lithospermeae), with description of a new species in Iran. Phytotaxa 524 (4): 216-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.524.4.1
F90F1925EE107B39EB93FD02FC72D2CC.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology: — Alkanna semiromica was seen in the field by the first author and is known from a single specimen from the type locality that is deposited at the herbarium of Bu-Ali Sina University (BASU). The new species occurs in Isfahan province. It is endemic to southwestern Iran and known only from the type locality. It was collected from the rocky terrain along the roadside of the Black Mountains. IUCN Red List category: — A low frequency of the new species in one field locality was observed and therefore decided to classify this species as VU (Vulnerable). This category includes taxa with small populations that could be at risk, according to IUCN criteria (IUCN, 2001). We revisited the locality, where the new species was discovered and the neighboring areas in 2019. Our interpretation is based on a single known population. Pollen morphology: — Members of the family Boraginaceae represent a great array of pollen types, and thus the family is interesting for investigating the evolution of pollen characters (Noroozi et al 2021). Pollen characters can provide other elements with taxonomic significance can play important role in diversification of the group. According to previous studies, the pollen morphology of the Huynhia has been described as radial symmetric, isopolar with prolate shapes, polycolpate types, and with psilate ornamentations (Tab. 1; Coppi et al. 2015, Khatamsaz 2001). The pollen grains of the new species were observed as triangular concave and 3 - colporate, which fits the ancestral state of the Lithospermeae and is realized in the genus Alkanna (Noroozi et al. 2021). The average polar axis (P) was between 11.5 – 15.35 μm and the average equatorial axis (E) between 9.3 – 11.19 μm. From this palynological information we infer the taxonomic placement of the new species in the genus Alkanna. Taxonomic discussion: — The specimens kept at BASU, M. Ranjbar 30880, were determined morphologically as H. pulchra (Willdenow ex Roemer & Schultes) Greuter & Burdet, which are confined to Isfahan province. Herbarium material of this species is very scarce. However, when the specimens were more thoroughly examined, several characters appeared to be dissimilar to that species and other closely related species. The new species is similar to H. pulchra, especially by its habit, indumentum, number of leaflets, and shape, size, and arrangement of pods, and also differs from H. pulchra, by pollen shape, stigma shallowly bilobed, shorter style, smaller corolla, and calyx in anthesis. General and detailed characters of the vegetative parts and flowers in Huynhia are already well known from various literature. Here, two characters are worthy of mention because of their taxonomic significance; one concerning the androecial arrangement and other the stigma structure. In Huynhia the epipetalous stamens are inserted through very short filaments at different heights within the corolla tube, e. g., three higher at the throat and two lower down in the tube, however, this character also occurs in Alkanna frigida (Khatamsaz 2002) (Fig. 12). Given the payonlogical evidence from above, the new Iranian blue to light violet-corolla species is fully described here as a new species and named as Alkanna semiromica. The differences in characters of the new species and its relatives are shown in Table 2.	en	Khalvati, Sina, Ranjbar, Massoud (2021): The comparative study of Alkanna and Huynhia (Boraginaceae, Lithospermeae), with description of a new species in Iran. Phytotaxa 524 (4): 216-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.524.4.1
F90F1925EE147B27EB93F90CFA5DD050.taxon	synonymic_list	and Huynhia (Iran)	en	Khalvati, Sina, Ranjbar, Massoud (2021): The comparative study of Alkanna and Huynhia (Boraginaceae, Lithospermeae), with description of a new species in Iran. Phytotaxa 524 (4): 216-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.524.4.1
F90F1925EE0B7B27EB93F99CFE76D94F.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — IRAN. Tehran: Alborz, Dudera Mtn., 8 June 1843, Kotschy 269 (holotype G-BOISS! [G- 00773411]; isotype E! [E- 00284795], FI! [FI- 009504], GH! [GH- 00093289], GOET! [GOET- 005791], H! [H- 1613714], K! [K- 001085738], P! [P- 00606822 - 4], US! [US- 01050206], W! [W- 0051323 - 4]). Additional specimens examined: — IRAN. East Azerbaijan: Between Bostanabad and Tabriz, After Shebil to Sadabad, 37 ° 91 ’ 02 ’’ N, 46 ° 63 ’ 07 ’’ E, 1467 m, 28 May 2015, Noroozi 3132 (W- 20150014983); Tabriz to Zanjan, 37 ° 58 ’ 18 ’’ N, 46 ° 29 ’ 49 ’’ E, 1803 m, May 2019, Ranjbar & Khalvati 44713 (BASU); Tabriz to Ahar, 38 º 05 ’ N, 46 º 29 ’ E, 1523 m, s. d., Wendelbo & Assadi 19285 (TARI); 10 km Basmanj to Liqvan, 37 º 51 ’ N, 46 º 26 ’ E, 2274 m, s. d., Assadi & Mozaffarian 30540 (TARI); Mazandaran: Haraz Road, Emamzadeh Hashem, 35 º 46 ’ N, 52 º 02 ’ E, 2642 m, s. d., Dini & Arazm 1398 (TARI); Qazvin: Alamut, Moallem Kelayeh, 36 ° 11 ’ 13 ’’ N, 50 ° 48 ’ 07 ’’ E, 2040 m, May 2019, Ranjbar & Khalvati 45756 (BASU); Tehran: Lar, Ab-Sefid, 35 º 55 ’ N, 51 º 55 ’ E, 2688 m, s. d., Wendelbo & Assadi 13420 (TARI).	en	Khalvati, Sina, Ranjbar, Massoud (2021): The comparative study of Alkanna and Huynhia (Boraginaceae, Lithospermeae), with description of a new species in Iran. Phytotaxa 524 (4): 216-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.524.4.1
F90F1925EE0B7B27EB93FC14FD91D5EF.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — IRAN. Fars: Jahrom, Koelz 14603 (holotype W!, isotype US!). This species is accepted, and its native range is S. Iran (Fars, Jahrom). Additional specimens examined: — IRAN. Fars: Nourabad, 30 ° 02 ’ 42 ’’ N, 51 ° 33 ’ 10 ’’ E, 1114 m, 2018, Ranjbar & Khalvati 42703 (BASU); Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad: Algan village, 31 ° 07 ’ 49 ’’ N, 50 ° 28 ’ 23 ’’ E, 1179 m, 2018, Ranjbar & Khalvati 20231 (BASU).	en	Khalvati, Sina, Ranjbar, Massoud (2021): The comparative study of Alkanna and Huynhia (Boraginaceae, Lithospermeae), with description of a new species in Iran. Phytotaxa 524 (4): 216-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.524.4.1
F90F1925EE0B7B27EB93FE70FED8D2CF.taxon	materials_examined	Type (lectotype designated by Gȕner & Duman 2004: 800): — Herb. Clifford: 47, Anchusa 2 (lectotype BM). Additional specimens examined: — IRAN. Ardabil: Sabalan Mt., 38 º 16 ’ N, 47 º 39 ’ E, 2527 m, s. d., Assadi & Foroughi 13854 (TARI); Meshgin Shahr, 38 º 24 ’ N, 47 º 50 ’ E, 2400 m, 28 July 1967, Walton 89 (E- 00669139); East Azerbaijan: Tabriz to Tehran Road, 37 º 59 ’ N, 46 º 29 ’ E, 1376 m, 28 May 1971, Lamond & Iranshahr 3348 (E- 00945439); Tabriz, Aji Chay, 38 º 09 ’ N, 46 º 41 ’ E, 1516 m, 31 May 1971, Rechinger 40695 (LD- 1620185); Tabriz to Zanjan, 65 km to Hashtrud, 37 ° 38 ’ 55 ’’ N, 47 ° 07 ’ 23 ’’ E, 1753 m, 11 June 2010, Ranjbar 21827 (BASU); West Azerbaijan: Takab, 36 ° 22 ’ 23 ’’ N, 47 ° 01 ’ 08 ’’ E, 2063 m, 15 June 2010, Ranjbar 20744 (BASU); Maku, 39 º 21 ’ N, 44 º 25 ’ E, 1376 m, s. d., Siami & Amin 1375 (TARI); Gilan: Rudbar, Jirindih to Amarlu, 36 º 42 ’ N, 49 º 48 ’ E, 1896 m, s. d., Sabeti 1695 (TARI); Hamedan: Nahavand, Sarab Gyan, 34 º 08 ’ N, 48 º 13 ’ E, 1764 m, s. d., Khatamsaz et al. 72950 (TARI).	en	Khalvati, Sina, Ranjbar, Massoud (2021): The comparative study of Alkanna and Huynhia (Boraginaceae, Lithospermeae), with description of a new species in Iran. Phytotaxa 524 (4): 216-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.524.4.1
F90F1925EE0B7B27EB93FB34FDD7D747.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — Turkey. Siirt: Kurtalan, Silvan Kurtalan, Steppe zwischen Batman-Fluss und Kozluk, 920 m, 1951, Huber-Morath et al. 11054 (holotype Herb. Hub. - Mor., isotype Basler Bot. Ges.). Additional specimens examined: — IRAN. West Azerbaijan: Urmia, Silvana hils, 37 º 25 ’ N, 44 º 51 ’ E, 1631 m, s. d., Ronehmark & Foroughi 19611 (TARI); Qushchi Road, 38 º 00 ’ N, 44 º 57 ’ E, 1816 m, s. d., Tarighi & Amin 116 (TARI); Qotur, Razi valley, 38 ° 28 ’ 22 ’’ N, 44 ° 19 ’ 19 ’’ E, 2278 m, s. d., Amin 1376 (TARI); Kurdistan: Kamyaran, 34 º 59 ’ N, 46 º 54 ’ E, 2233 m, 26 May 1963, Jacobs 6709 (L- 2749080); Dezli, 35 ° 22 ’ 27 ’’ N, 46 ° 08 ’ 44 ’’ E, 1688 m, May 2019, Ranjbar & Khalvati 44913 (BASU).	en	Khalvati, Sina, Ranjbar, Massoud (2021): The comparative study of Alkanna and Huynhia (Boraginaceae, Lithospermeae), with description of a new species in Iran. Phytotaxa 524 (4): 216-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.524.4.1
F90F1925EE0A7B26EB93FF48FDAAD0A7.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — IRAN. Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad: Kuh-Daëna, Kotschy 573 (holotype G!, isotype BM!, C!, E!, FI!, GOET!, H!, K!, MO!, P!, US!, W!, WAG!). Additional specimens examined: — IRAN. Alborz: Kandavan, 36 º 5 ’ N, 51 º 11 ’ E, s. d., Wendelbo & Shirdelpour 11650 (TARI); Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari: Lordegan, between Monj & Char-Tagh, Tang-e Zendan, 31 º 30 ’ N, 50 º 49 ’ E, s. d., Mozaffarian 59924 (TARI); Isfahan: Semirom, Khafr, Dena Mt., 30 º 58 ’ N, 51 º 30 ’ E, s. d., Riazi 5982 (TARI); Ghazvin: Alamut, 36 º 31 ’ N, 50 º 28 ’ E, s. d., Mirfakhrayi 1382 (TARI); Semnan: 35 km North of Damghan, Touyeh, 36 º 2 ’ N, 53 º 51 ’ E, s. d., Wendelbo & Assadi 29488 (TARI); Tehran: Damavand, Valiran village, 35 º 40 ’ N, 52 º 5 ’ E, s. d., Mozaffarian 32345 (TARI).	en	Khalvati, Sina, Ranjbar, Massoud (2021): The comparative study of Alkanna and Huynhia (Boraginaceae, Lithospermeae), with description of a new species in Iran. Phytotaxa 524 (4): 216-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.524.4.1
