identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03CEF92012742943F610FDADFBA6FBD8.text	03CEF92012742943F610FDADFBA6FBD8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prionoglaris Enderlein 1909	<div><p>Prionoglaris Enderlein, 1909</p> <p>Synonymy: see Lienhard &amp; Smithers, 2002.</p> <p>Type species: Prionoglaris stygia Enderlein, 1909.</p> <p>Generic diagnosis: See Lienhard (1988, 1998).</p> <p>Diagnoses of known species: For P. stygia see Lienhard (1988, 1998) and additional figures in Lienhard (2004, 2011); for P. dactyloides see Lienhard (1988, 1998); for P. lindbergi see Badonnel (1962, nymph only).</p> <p>Key to species of the genus Prionoglaris (adults only)</p> <p>Note: Adults of P. lindbergi are not known (see Introduction).</p> <p>1A Claws of each pretarsus clearly asymmetrical. Anterior claw with a long basal seta and an internal membranous vesicle situated in basal half of claw (Fig. 3B). Posterior claw simple but bearing a short basal tooth (Fig. 3C), preapical denticle usually absent, rarely present (Fig. 3C), sometimes minute. Sac-like proximal part of phallosome longer than half of total length of phallosome (Fig. 3A). Spermapore sclerite a thin and weakly sclerotized plate, spermathecal duct running straight through the sclerite (Fig. 3 K-L)....................................................................... 2</p> <p>1B Asymmetry of pretarsal claws less pronounced. Anterior claw with a long basal seta but lacking internal membranous vesicle (Fig. 2C). Posterior claw simple, lacking basal tooth and preapical denticle (Fig. 2D). Saclike proximal part of phallosome relatively short (Fig. 2 H-I), about half of total length of phallosome. Spermapore sclerite a thick and heavily sclerotized plate, spermathecal duct within the sclerite curved (Fig. 2 F-G)..................................................................................................................................................................... P. kapralovi sp. nov.</p> <p>2A Dorso-lateral appendages of phallosome of about same width between base and broadly rounded apex (Fig. 3I) or only weakly narrowing towards apex (Fig. 3 E-H)....................................................................................... P. stygia</p> <p>2B Dorso-lateral appendages of phallosome digitiform, narrow throughout except for slightly broader basal one third (Fig. 3J)................................................................................................................................................ P. dactyloides Distribution of the genus Prionoglaris</p> <p>Distributional data based on all known material, including nymphs, are here summarized. Only males and associated females and/or nymphs are assigned to one of the known species. Isolated females or nymphs are not assigned to a species (given as Prionoglaris spec.) or are tentatively assigned to a species (given as Prionoglaris cf. stygia and Prionoglaris cf. dactyloides). All “cf.-assignments” are based on plausibility due to the geographical position of the locality in comparison with the known distribution of male-based records.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CEF92012742943F610FDADFBA6FBD8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lienhard, Charles	Lienhard, Charles (2021): A new species of Prionoglaris Enderlein (Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’: Prionoglarididae) from an Armenian cave, with an account of the distribution of the genus. Revue suisse de Zoologie 128 (2): 227-235, DOI: 10.35929/RSZ.0048
03CEF92012742941F628FC25FD29F8A5.text	03CEF92012742941F628FC25FD29F8A5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prionoglaris kapralovi Lienhard 2021	<div><p>Prionoglaris kapralovi sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 1-2</p> <p>Holotype: MHNG; male (some parts slide-mounted); Armenia, 8.3 km SW of Yeghegnadzor, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.25953&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.71258" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.25953/lat 39.71258)">Mozrov Cave</a>; WGS84 39.71258, 45.25953; 1540 m a.s.l., under stones near cave entrance; 14.AUG.2018; leg. S. A. Kapralov.</p> <p>Paratype: MHNG; female (some parts slide-mounted); same data as for holotype.</p> <p>Diagnosis: This new species can be distinguished from all known species of the genus Prionoglaris by the absence of an internal membranous vesicle on the anterior claw and by the absence of a basal tooth on the posterior claw of each pretarsus (Fig. 2 C-D). See also key below.</p> <p>Etymology: The species is dedicated to Sergei A. Kapralov who collected the type material.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>General characters: Head and thorax (including antenna, maxillary palp and legs) yellowish to light or medium brown. Vertex, frons and genae with some small brown patches. Compound eye uniformly dark grey to black (after 2 years in alcohol). Wings hyaline, veins medium brown, pterostigma colourless but slightly opaque (Fig. 1B). Abdomen whitish, dorsally and laterally with numerous patches of dark hypodermal pigment forming irregular transversal bands (Fig. 1 A-B). Terminalia light to medium brown, ventro-median process of phallosome dark brown (Fig. 1C).</p> <p>Mouthparts typical for the genus; lacinial rudiment with an acuminate tip (Fig. 2E). Antennae long and slender (Fig. 1A), both damaged in male and female examined (highest number of flagellomeres observed is 7, in right antenna of holotype, 7th flagellomere broken near base). Anterior claw of each pretarsus (Fig. 2C) with a long basal seta, lacking internal membranous vesicle and preapical denticle. Posterior claw of each pretarsus simple (Fig. 2D), lacking basal tooth and preapical denticle. Forewing broadly rounded, clearly longer than twice its width (FW/FWw about 2.4); venation typical for the genus (Fig. 2A), but AP somewhat shorter in male than in female (in male its marginal length about same as its height, see Fig. 1A; in female marginal length slightly exceeding height, see Fig. 2 A-B). Hindwing as in P. stygia. Vein aberrations observed in forewings and hindwings: right forewing of female with a crossvein between R1 and R2 +3, and M1 bifurcate near wing margin (Fig. 2B); right forewing of male with a short spurvein on R1, just basally to point where Sc reaches R1 (Fig. 1A); left hindwing of male with a transversal vein between R1 and Rs (Fig. 1A), and both hindwings of female with slightly aberrant M2.</p> <p>Male genitalia: Sac-like proximal body of phallosome relatively short (Fig. 2 H-I), about half of total length of phallosome; ventro-median process strongly curved in lateral view (Fig. 2H); dorso-lateral appendages of about same width between base and apex, only weakly narrowing towards apex (Fig. 2I); medio-internal appendage with one fine hair on each side (Fig. 2 H-I).</p> <p>Female genitalia: Subgenital plate and gonapophyses typical for the genus, only external valvula well developed, bearing 6 apically hooked setae near broadly rounded apex. Spermapore sclerite a thick and heavily sclerotized plate, proximally broadly rounded, distally narrowly rounded (Fig. 2F); spermathecal duct curved inside the sclerite (Fig. 2G) and widened towards spermathecal vesicle shortly after the spermapore sclerite (length of the narrow portion of the duct, before widening, about 1.5 times length of spermapore sclerite).</p> <p>Measurements: Male: BL = 3.3 mm; FW = 3.7 mm; FWw = 1.5 mm; HW = 2.5 mm; IO/D = 1.8. – Female: BL = 4.1 mm; FW = 4.1 mm; FWw = 1.7 mm; HW = 2.7 mm; IO/D = 1.9.</p> <p>Distribution: Only known from type locality in Armenia.</p> <p>Type locality: Armenia, Mozrov Cave near Yeghegnadzor, 1540 m a.s.l. This cave is situated on the rolling steppe-like plateau on the left bank of the Arpi river.</p> <p>Remarks: Judging from most morphological characters, especially the male genitalia, this species clearly belongs to the genus Prionoglaris. However, the asymmetry of the claws of each pretarsus is less pronounced in the new species than in the other species of this genus, especially due to the absence of the membranous vesicle on the anterior claw. This membranous extension is always well developed in the other species of Prionoglaris. The presence of a membranous extension on the anterior claw has been considered as an autapomorphy of the subfamily Prionoglaridinae (Lienhard, 2004). No intra-generic variability concerning this character has previously been observed in this subfamily. The membranous extension is particularly well developed in the Oriental genus Siamoglaris Lienhard, 2004, and in the fossil genus Palaeosiamoglaris Azar, Huang &amp; Nel in Azar et al., 2017 from Burmese amber, but weakly developed in the fourth genus of this subfamily, the troglobitic Speleopsocus Lienhard in Lienhard et al., 2010a which is only known from a single Venezuelan cave. Therefore the absence of this structure in the new species has to be interpreted as an apomorphic reduction. See the discussion below.</p> <p>Remarks on a Moroccan sample of</p> <p>Prionoglaris stygia</p> <p>The only morphological character that distinguishes the closely related species P. stygia and P. dactyloides is the shape of the dorso-lateral appendages of the phallosome. Specimens from a Moroccan sample assigned to P. stygia, collected in the Friouato Cave (see Distribution, below), slightly differ from European P. stygia by the shape of these appendages, and by the presence of a preapical denticle on the posterior claw of each pretarsus (Fig. 3C). The dorso-lateral appendages of the phallosome are apically slightly narrowing in the Morrocan males (Fig. 3 E-F and Lienhard, 1996: figs 4-6, 1998: fig. 41b), while they are broadly rounded in P. stygia males from the type locality of this species (Fig. 3I) and in most other European males. The variability of the phallosome in several European populations of P. stygia and in the two known Greek populations of P. dactyloides from the Peloponnese (male holotype) and from Eastern Crete (male paratype) was illustrated by Lienhard (1988: figs 17-36). These figures also show the high variability of the number of fine lateral hairs of the medio-internal appendage of the phallosome (1-13 hairs on each side, but often not the same number on both sides of the appendage). Here figures of the dorso-lateral and mediointernal appendages of two additional European males are presented, one from Switzerland (Fig. 3G), the other from Spain (Fig. 3H). Both males are somewhat intermediate between P. stygia males from the type locality (Fig. 3I) and the Moroccan males (Fig. 3 E-F). However, the preapical denticle on the posterior claw, always present in the Moroccan specimens (though sometimes smaller than in Fig. 3C), is completely absent in these two males, as it is generally the case in the European P. stygia and in P. dactyloides (only in one mesothoracic leg of a paratype of the latter could a minute preapical denticle be observed).</p> <p>When looking for other potentially diagnostic characters which could allow the Moroccan specimens to be distinguished from the European P. stygia, I discovered some differences in the ratio between forewing length and width (FW/FWw) and in the micromorphology of the spermapore sclerite. In both sexes the Moroccan specimens have particularly broad and slightly shortened wings (Fig. 3D), with FW/FWw varying from 2.0 to 2.1 (N = 2). In the European P. stygia forewings are clearly longer than twice their width, FW/FWw varying from 2.2 to 2.5 (N = 6; the mean is 2.4). In P. dactyloides this ratio varies from 2.1 to 2.3 (N = 2).</p> <p>In the only Moroccan female available for this study the spermapore sclerite is proximally broadly rounded and distally slightly elongated and beak-shaped (Fig. 3K). In the European P. stygia this sclerite is similar in shape to that of P. kapralovi sp. nov., i.e. narrowly rounded distally but not elongated and beak-shaped (see figures in Lienhard, 1988, 1998). However, in a female of P. stygia from the type locality (French Pyrenees) a distally weakly elongated spermapore sclerite was observed (Fig. 3M), about intermediate in shape between the other P. stygia and the Moroccan female.</p> <p>In view of the considerable variability of the above mentioned characters, and of the low numbers of specimens examined for this study, the slight differences observed between the Moroccan population and the European P. stygia are not sufficient to warrant a formal separation of the Moroccan form as a new species. The only character which can be considered as diagnostic for the Moroccan form is the presence of a preapical denticle on the posterior claw of each pretarsus.</p> <p>Prionoglaris kapralovi sp. nov.</p> <p>Previous records: Armenia, see description above.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CEF92012742941F628FC25FD29F8A5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lienhard, Charles	Lienhard, Charles (2021): A new species of Prionoglaris Enderlein (Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’: Prionoglarididae) from an Armenian cave, with an account of the distribution of the genus. Revue suisse de Zoologie 128 (2): 227-235, DOI: 10.35929/RSZ.0048
03CEF92012732940F49DFBDAFE0BF7D6.text	03CEF92012732940F49DFBDAFE0BF7D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prionoglaris stygia Enderlein 1909	<div><p>Prionoglaris stygia Enderlein, 1909</p> <p>Previous records: Male records listed in detail by Lienhard (1988): France, Belgium, Germany, Greece (western Crete).</p> <p>Additional records: 1 male (MHNG) (record published by Badonnel &amp; Lienhard, 1994); Switzerland, canton of Valais, between Vouvry and Vionnaz, cave “Pierre à Perret”, entrance zone, on rocky wall of cave covered by green algae, 480 m a.s.l.; 28.JUN.1993; leg. C. Lienhard. – 12 nymphs (MHNG, unpublished record); same cave, under stones covered by green algae; 10.AUG.1989; leg. C. Lienhard. – 12 nymphs (MHNG, unpublished record); same data; leg. B. Hauser. – 1 nymph (MHNG, unpublished record); same data; leg. S. Hauser. – 2 nymphs (MHNG, unpublished record); same data, leg. P. Strinati. – 1 male, 1 female (MHNG, unpublished record); Spain, Prov. Castellon, W of Atzeneta del Maestrat, valley W of Eremita de Sant Juan, 485 m a.s.l., under stones in dense evergreen oak forest on steep, north facing slope; 30.MAY.2010; leg. S. Huber &amp; A. Schönhofer. – Unspecified number of males (A. Baz, in litt. 1999; unpublished record); Spain, Madrid, Malaise trap and on Quercus pyrenaica. – 2 males, 6 females, 8 nymphs (recorded by Baz, 2003, without giving details where males were collected); Spain: three caves in Andalusia: Almeria, Sierra de Gador, cave “Cueva del Lobo”, 800 - 900 m a.s.l.; Almeria, Sierra de Gador, cave “Cueva Nueva”, 800 -900 m a.s.l.; Jaen, Pontones, cave “Cueva del Jabali”, 1400 -1500 m a.s.l. – 3 males, 1 female (reared from nymphs), 9 nymphs, leg. C. Lienhard, and 21 nymphs, leg. B. Hauser (MHNG, record published by Lienhard, 1996); Morocco, Middle Atlas, S of Taza, region of Daya Chiker, cave “gouffre du Friouato”, 1450 m a.s.l., on rocky wall of cave covered by green algae, not far from cave entrance; 15.JUN.1990. – 1 nymph (MHNG) (mentioned as Prionoglaris spec. by Lienhard, 1988); same cave; 1.OCT.1979; leg. P. Strinati &amp; V. Aellen.</p> <p>Remark: An insect-pathogenic fungus was described from one nymph from the type locality in southern France by Keller (2011).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CEF92012732940F49DFBDAFE0BF7D6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lienhard, Charles	Lienhard, Charles (2021): A new species of Prionoglaris Enderlein (Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’: Prionoglarididae) from an Armenian cave, with an account of the distribution of the genus. Revue suisse de Zoologie 128 (2): 227-235, DOI: 10.35929/RSZ.0048
03CEF92012702941F4C1F969FD16FB94.text	03CEF92012702941F4C1F969FD16FB94.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prionoglaris stygia Enderlein 1909	<div><p>Prionoglaris cf. stygia</p> <p>Previous records: Records of females or nymphs (and in one case a damaged male) as listed in detail by Lienhard (1988) from France, Germany (damaged male, phallosome lost), and nymphs from Portugal listed by Lienhard (1988) as Prionoglaris spec.</p> <p>Additional records: 9 nymphs (MHNG, unpublished record); France, Savoie, St Christophe la Grotte, cave “Echelles Inférieure” (also called “Grands Goulets”), 570 m a.s.l.; 10.MAY.2018; leg. J. Lips. – 3 nymphs (MHNG, unpublished record); France, Savoie, St Christophe la Grotte, cave “Perret” (also called “Fontaine Noire”), 470 m a.s.l.; 12.MAY.2018; leg. J. Lips. – 1 nymph (MHNG, unpublished record); France, Savoie, Vérel-de-Montbel, cave “Mandrin”; 26.MAY.2018; leg. J. Lips. – 2 nymphs (MHNG, unpublished record); France, Gard, Montclus, cave “Prével”; 6.MAY.2018; leg. J. Lips. – 4 nymphs (MHNG, unpublished record); France, Drôme, La Chapelle-en-Vercors, cave “Ferrières”, 1020 m a.s.l.; 16.JUN.2017; leg. J. Lips. – 1 nymph (MHNG, unpublished record); France, Bouches-du-Rhône, Jouques, cave “Adaouste”, 413 m a.s.l.; 02.FEB.2019; leg. J. Lips. – 1 nymph (MHNG, unpublished record); Switzerland, canton Schwyz, Muotathal, cave “Lauiloch”, 460 m a.s.l.; 5.NOV.1996; leg. F. Auf der Maur. – Several nymphs (see Schneider et al., 2012); Germany, Hessen and Rheinland-Pfalz, in nine caves. – 1 female and 90 nymphs (see Schneider &amp; Weber, 2013); Luxembourg, near Mersch and near Muellerthal, in 11 caves. – Several nymphs; Luxembourg, collected by N. Schneider, considered as belonging to Prionoglaris stygia, used for molecular analysis by K. Yoshizawa (see Yoshizwa et al., 2018, also Yoshizawa, in litt.). – 1 female (MHNG, unpublished record); Spain, Prov. Valencia, between Pego and Val de Ebo, 405 m a.s.l., macchia with few interspersed trees, under stones; 02.JUN.2010; leg. S. Huber &amp; A. Schönhofer.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CEF92012702941F4C1F969FD16FB94	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lienhard, Charles	Lienhard, Charles (2021): A new species of Prionoglaris Enderlein (Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’: Prionoglarididae) from an Armenian cave, with an account of the distribution of the genus. Revue suisse de Zoologie 128 (2): 227-235, DOI: 10.35929/RSZ.0048
03CEF92012712941F7D3FB6EFF74FAC5.text	03CEF92012712941F7D3FB6EFF74FAC5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prionoglaris dactyloides Lienhard 1988	<div><p>Prionoglaris dactyloides Lienhard, 1988</p> <p>Previous records: Male records listed in detail by Lienhard (1988): Greece (Peloponnese and eastern Crete).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CEF92012712941F7D3FB6EFF74FAC5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lienhard, Charles	Lienhard, Charles (2021): A new species of Prionoglaris Enderlein (Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’: Prionoglarididae) from an Armenian cave, with an account of the distribution of the genus. Revue suisse de Zoologie 128 (2): 227-235, DOI: 10.35929/RSZ.0048
03CEF92012712941F604FADEFD50F9E5.text	03CEF92012712941F604FADEFD50F9E5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prionoglaris dactyloides Lienhard 1988	<div><p>Prionoglaris cf. dactyloides</p> <p>Previous records: Records of nymphs listed in detail by Lienhard (1988): Greece (Peloponnese).</p> <p>Additional record: 10 nymphs (MHNG, unpublished record); Greece, eastern Crete, between Lassithiou and Tzermiado, near Ag. Timios, 1100 -1200 m a.s.l., under stones; 10.APR.1998; leg. K. Thaler &amp; B. Knoflach.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CEF92012712941F604FADEFD50F9E5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lienhard, Charles	Lienhard, Charles (2021): A new species of Prionoglaris Enderlein (Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’: Prionoglarididae) from an Armenian cave, with an account of the distribution of the genus. Revue suisse de Zoologie 128 (2): 227-235, DOI: 10.35929/RSZ.0048
03CEF92012712941F7C5F9BEFD25F935.text	03CEF92012712941F7C5F9BEFD25F935.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prionoglaris lindbergi Badonnel 1962	<div><p>Prionoglaris lindbergi Badonnel, 1962</p> <p>Previous records: 1 nymph holotype (see Badonnel, 1962) mounted on two slides (MHNG); Afghanistan, Karghaleh (above Kotouk, Ghourband valley), under stone, 3100 m a.s.l.; 06.AUG.1957; leg. Lindberg.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CEF92012712941F7C5F9BEFD25F935	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lienhard, Charles	Lienhard, Charles (2021): A new species of Prionoglaris Enderlein (Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’: Prionoglarididae) from an Armenian cave, with an account of the distribution of the genus. Revue suisse de Zoologie 128 (2): 227-235, DOI: 10.35929/RSZ.0048
