identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
013A8473647EFFB5FF13FDE4FA5CECA5.text	013A8473647EFFB5FF13FDE4FA5CECA5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kalanchoe darainensis	<div><p>Key to Kalanchoe darainensis and allied species</p> <p>1. Plants perennial, soboliferous; indumentum absent to partial; leaves ovate-oblong, obovate or orbicular, never lobed; flowers golden yellow or scarlet red.................. 2</p> <p>1a. Plants predominantly annual, non-soboliferous; indumentum partial to complete; leaves ovate-lanceolate to linear, often lobed, rarely bi-lobed; flowers whitish to golden yellow.......................................................................... 4</p> <p>2. Flowers yellow, few (7 to 10); leaves subsessile; indumentumsparsely glandular, restrictedtostemandpeduncle.................................................................. K. globulifera</p> <p>2a. Flowers scarlet, numerous; leaves petiolate to subsessile; indumentum absent or partially densely glandular, restricted to leaves, stem and peduncle........................ 3</p> <p>3. Indumentum absent; leaf blades ovate-oblong, apically obtuse to acute; inflorescences numerous, terminal and axillary, many-flowered thyrses............. K. blossfeldiana</p> <p>3a. Indumentum densely glandular, restricted to leaves, stem and peduncle; leaf blades ovate, elliptic to orbicular, apically rounded-obtuse; inflorescences single, terminal, many-flowered dichasial cymes.............. K. darainensis</p> <p>4. Sepals and corolla especially thick and fleshy; glandular hair thick-stalked, extends to the upper part of the stem, young leaves, inflorescence, and sepals; flowers whitish cream-yellow........................................... K. pareikiana</p> <p>4a. Sepals and corolla not thick or fleshy; glandular hair slender-stalked, complete, i.e. extends from the base of the stem to the petals; flowers golden yellow............... 5</p> <p>5. Leaves alternate basally, decussate higher up; petals suboblong, retuse, i.e. rounded-obtuse and notched; filaments 6.5–8.5 mmin length, freefor&gt; ⅓ of their length, papillose; anthers fully exserted, wider than long, lacking connective glands............................................. K. briquetii</p> <p>5a. Leaves decussate; petals ovate, apically acute to acuminate; filaments 10–13 mmin length, freefor &lt;1/10 of their length, non-papillose; anthers partially to fully included, longer than wide, dressed with ± spherical connective glands.......................................................................... 6</p> <p>6. Plants perennial; leaves 3- to 5-partite, occasionally bilobed and petiolulate; leaf or leaflet blades oblong to linear; margins obtusely crenate-sinuate; petals strongly acuminate with an acumen 3.5–4.5 mm long; styles much longer than carpels.................................... K. chapototii</p> <p>6a. Plants annual; leaves 1- to 3-partite, if lobed not bi-lobed nor petiolulate; leaf or leaflet blades ovate to lanceolate; margins entire to minutely crenate-sinuate; petals acuminate with an acumen 1.2–2 mm long; styles much shorter than carpels................................................................. 7</p> <p>7. Leaves unlobed; leaf or leaflet blades ovate, apically subobtuse; styles&gt; 2 times shorterthan carpel...... K. boisii</p> <p>7a. Leaves 3-partite; leaf or leaflet blades ovate-lanceolate, apically acuminate-acute; styles &lt;2 times shorter than carpel...................................................... K. antennifera</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/013A8473647EFFB5FF13FDE4FA5CECA5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Klein, David-Paul;Shtein, Ronen;Nusbaumer, Louis;Callmander, Martin W.	Klein, David-Paul, Shtein, Ronen, Nusbaumer, Louis, Callmander, Martin W. (2021): Kalanchoe darainensis (Crassulaceae), a new species from northeastern Madagascar. Candollea 76: 117-123, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15553/c2021v761a12
013A8473647EFFB2FCA3FCCCFA30EB6F.text	013A8473647EFFB2FCA3FCCCFA30EB6F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kalanchoe darainensis D.-P. & R. & L. & M. W. 2021	<div><p>Kalanchoe darainensis D.-P. Klein &amp; Callm., sp. nov.</p> <p>(Fig. 2, 3).</p> <p>Holotypus: MADAGASCAR. Reg. SAVA [Prov. Antsiranana]: Daraina, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=3.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.216666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 3.05/lat -13.216666)">forêt d’Antsahabe</a>, [13°13'S 49° 33' E], 390 m, 30. IV.2004, fl., Ranirison 749 (G [G00028103]!; iso-: TEF image!, P).</p> <p>Kalanchoe darainensis D.-P. Klein &amp; Callm. differs from other representatives of Kalanchoe subg. Kalanchoe by its dense indumentum of medium to long glandular hairs, covering all parts of the plant except flowers and bracteoles, its basally nearligneous stems, soboliferous above, developing a single, erect, terminal inflorescence per rosette, rarely two, with a single peduncle each, composed in the apical half of a single node, its indistinct calyx tube, narrowly lanceolate and acute sepals, a corolla tube gradually constricted above to a subcylindrical throat in the apical half, with scarlet red, erect flowers and anthers dressed with flattened spheroid connective glands.</p> <p>Plants small, perennial, rosulate and succulent, 8.5–13.5 cm high, mostly erect, creeping to decumbent at base, soboliferous, bearing one to few lateral basal shoots, almost entirely densely covered with medium to long glandular hairs. Stems 2.5– 3.5 mmin diameter, terete, basally near-ligneous and without indumentum when mature, bearing roots and lateral shoots, densely covered with medium (0.5 – 1 mm) whitebrownish glandular hairs. Leaves opposite, decussate, succulent, light bright green to olive with slightly reddish margins, arising from a rosette bearing up to 6 pairs of leaves, entirely covered with whitish to brownish, medium (0.5 mm) to long (1.9 mm) glandular hairs, long-petiolate to subsessile; petioles 1.5– 21.5 × 0.5– 4 mm, subcylindrical, somewhat flattened above, convex below, broadening towards the leaf base, densely covered with whitish to brownish, short (0.2 mm) to medium (1 mm) glandular hairs. Leaf blades 6–50 × 4–51 mm, ovate, elliptic to orbicular, sometimes wider than long, adaxially canaliculate along the midrib, densely covered with long (up to 1.9 mm) whitish glandular hairs; tip obtuse-rounded; base obtuse to ± rounded or near-truncate, often oblique; margins irregularly wide-sinuate to wide-crenate. Inflorescences a few- to many-flowered dichasial cyme with up to 3 secondary branches bearing up to 31 flowers, erect, typically one terminal inflorescence per rosette, rarely two, sparsely covered with medium (up to 0.5 mm) whitish-brownish glandular hairs up to the second node of the inflorescence; peduncle 65–100 × 0.4– 1.5 mm, terete, thinning apically, bearing 1– few pairs of peduncular bracts, apical half composed of a single node, densely covered with medium (up to 0.5 mm) whitish-brownish glandular hairs peduncular bracts 1.6–5 × 0.5–3 mm, borne in the lower third or middle of the peduncle, subsessile, densely covered with medium (up to 0.5 mm) whitish-brownish glandular hairs, tip obtuse, base cuneate, margins irregularly sinuate to crenate. Flowers 8–10 × 2.5–4 mm, erect. Bracts 1.2–1.3 × 0.25–0.4 mm, sessile, lanceolate, slightly incurved, apically acute, sparsely glandular hairy. Pedicels 2–2.5 × 0.3–0.7 mm, erect, widening towards the flower. Bracteoles 0.8 – 1.5 × 0.1– 0.2 mm, sessile, narrowly lanceolate, incurved, apically acute, glabrous. Calyx tubes 0.1–0.2 mm long, indistinct, green. Sepals 1–1.9 × 0.20–0.65 mm, free, sometimes slightly adpressed to corolla tube in lower 1/10, narrowly lanceolate, apically acute. Corolla tubes 6–8 mm long, at its widest part 1.5–2 mm, scarlet red, ± 4-angled where it is widest and adpressed against the carpels, gradually constricted above to a subcylindrical throat, very slightly widening towards the petals. Petals 2–3.5 × 2 mm, ovate-obovate, apex obtuse, short-mucronate (0.1 mm long). Stamens 8, arranged in two rows, 4 stamens each, fused to the corolla tube internally for the most part, free segments short, anthers of upper row at most reaching to slightly exserting the corolla mouth; upper filaments (oppositipetalous) inserted at c. 6.5 mm above corolla base, free for 0.3–0.5 mm; lower filaments (alternipetalous) inserted at c. 5 mm above corolla base, free for 1–1.3 mm. Anthers dull brownish-yellow, each locule (theca) 0.35 × 0.5 × 0.1 mm, elliptic, base emarginate, apex rounded, dressed with a flattened spheroid connective gland; connective gland erythrocyte-shaped, distinctly present only on the upper stamens, 0.3 × 0.3 × 0.05 mm. Pistils consisting of 4 carpels; carpels 4.5–6 × 1–1.4 mm, greatest width towards the middle, convergent; styles 1.2–1.5 mm long; stigmas very slightly capitate. Scales 2.2– 2.5 × 0.2 mm, long and thin, flattened, adpressed to carpel, whitish, ligulate / strap-shaped, apex truncate to rounded. Seeds 0.5 × 0.15 mm, brown, longitudinally furrowed (striate).</p> <p>Distribution, ecology and phenology. – Kalanchoe darainensis is known only from the Antsahabe forest in the Loky-Manambato region (Daraina) in northeastern Madagascar (Fig. 1). Being situated between the Eastern humid and the Western dry phytogeographical domains, with elevation levels partially resembling those of the Central domain, this area comprises particularly diverse vegetation types (RANIRISON et al., 2018). Only four individuals of the new species were found among all the localities visited during a vegetation study, which included more than 54,000 records of plant occurrences in the 10 main forest areas of that region (NUSBAUMER, 2011). These individuals were observed at elevations between 390 and 900 m where the annual mean precipitation reaches 1400– 1450 mm and annual mean temperatures vary from 17.5–21° C, depending on the elevation level (NUSBAUMER, 2011).</p> <p>Kalanchoe darainensis grows on the lower slopes of rocky outcrops on raw mineral soils (lithic erosion soils on leucocratic granite or skeletal soils on cristalin domes) in rupicolous vegetation mainly surrounded by primary mesophilous and ombrophilous forest (RANIRISON et al., 2018), but also by matrix habitats on a ridge covered with sparse vegetation with a low canopy. The rupicolous vegetation reaches heights of 1 m with occasionally emerging treelets up to 4–5(–8) m tall. The most frequently recorded species occurring with K. darainensis include: Artabotrys darainensis Deroin &amp; L. Gaut. (Annonaceae), Aulotandra trigonocarpa H. Perrier (Zingiberaceae), Chasechloa humbertiana A. Camus (Poaceae), Doryopteris cordifolia (Baker) Diels (Pteridaceae), Dracaena reflexa var. linearifolia Baker (Asparagaceae), Emilia humifusa DC. (Asteraceae), Eugenia viguieriana H. Perrier (Myrtaceae), Pandanus cf. grallatus B.C. Stone (Pandanaceae) and Xerophyta sp. (Velloziaceae).</p> <p>Other species of Kalanchoe collected in the Loky Manambato region include K. aff. miniata Hilsenb. &amp; Bojer ex Tul., K. maromokotrensis Desc. &amp; Rebmann, K. pinnata (Lam.) Pers. and K. porphyrocalyx (Baker) Baill.</p> <p>Kalanchoe darainensis was collected in flowers between April and October.</p> <p>Conservation status. – While Kalanchoe darainensis is known only from four collections representing four locations (sensu IUCN, 2012), it is situated within a large block of forest in the Loky-Manambato protected area. No future decline is expected in terms of Area of Occupancy (AOO), Extent of Occurrence (EOO), or quality of habitat. We therefore assign a preliminary risk of extinction status of “Least concern” [LC] using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN, 2012).</p> <p>Notes. – Kalanchoe darainensis is morphologically most similar to K. blossfeldiana and K. globulifera (Table 1). The two latter species are restricted to the high-altitude humid forests of the Tsaratanana mountain range, c. 100 km south-west from Daraina. Like K. darainensis, these species are perennial, small-sized, soboliferous, rosulate plants with simple leaves and a subcylindrical corolla-throat. Kalanchoe blossfeldiana and K. darainensis share the same flower characters, i.e. the scarlet red flower color and the petals being ovate-obovate, with an obtuse, mucronate apex. Kalanchoe globulifera and K. darainensis both produce few- to many-flowered dichasial cymes, are at least partially glandular pilose and are dressed with connective glands on the anthers. Among the northern representatives of Kalanchoe subg. Kalanchoe in Madagascar, a scarlet red flower color is unique to K. blossfeldiana and K. darainensis.</p> <p>Additional specimens examined. – MADAGASCAR. Reg. SAVA [Prov. Antsiranana]: Daraina, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.216666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.55/lat -13.216666)">massif d’Antsahabe</a>, 13°13'S 49°33'E, 620 m, 16.X.2004, Callmander et al.241 (G, K, MO, P, TEF); ibid. loco, 13°13'S 49°33'E, 900 m, 6.XII.2004, Gautier &amp; Nusbaumer LG 4843 (G, K, MO, P, TEF); ibid. loco, 13°13'S 49°33'E, 560 m, 3.XI.2005 Razafitsalama et al. 771 (MO, P, TAN).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/013A8473647EFFB2FCA3FCCCFA30EB6F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Klein, David-Paul;Shtein, Ronen;Nusbaumer, Louis;Callmander, Martin W.	Klein, David-Paul, Shtein, Ronen, Nusbaumer, Louis, Callmander, Martin W. (2021): Kalanchoe darainensis (Crassulaceae), a new species from northeastern Madagascar. Candollea 76: 117-123, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15553/c2021v761a12
