identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
896D95519ACBEED29064B94F79D9A628.text	896D95519ACBEED29064B94F79D9A628.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cautor (Cautor) maculosus subsp. mcmichaeli Kosuge 1962	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Cautor (Cautor) maculosus mcmichaeli Kosuge, 1962</p>
            <p>Figure 59</p>
            <p> Cautor (Cautor) maculosus mcmichaeli Kosuge 1962a: 85, pl. 10, fig. 8, text figs 7, 14. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Ankyaba, Setouchi-machi, Amami Islands.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype: TZM Mo. 13042 (fide Kosuge 1962a; not seen, illustrated in Higo et al. 2001: 51, G1745). Paratype: NHMUK 1966150: 1 specimen, Amami Islands, Japan . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Shell rather small, conical, lower spire somewhat cylindrical, not narrowed at the base. Protoconch of 3 whorls, apex blunt, second and third whorls have a single spiral keel overridden by axial threads, pure white in colour. Mature whorls 9, suture distinct as a deep groove with a fine supra-sutural thread. Sculpture 3 rows of granules, upper row largest, median one diminished and gradually disappears on the early whorls, each granule almost rounded, connected by axial columns and fine spiral keels, beset close together and 23 to a whorl. On the body whorl, there are other 2 rows of granules and 1 smooth keel on the base, anterior canal broad and slightly recurved, aperture rounded. Irregularly variegated with opaque white, buff and chocolate, usually maculated white and chocolate, base chocolate.</p>
            <p>Shell length: 6 mm.</p>
            <p>Remarks: This subspecies is closely related to C. maculosus (Hedley) in sculpture, colour and the nature of protoconch, though it is much more slender than that species and its whorls are much more squarishly angulated at the base.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/896D95519ACBEED29064B94F79D9A628	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
868A832C17354592CBF0CBF8D1744D4C.text	868A832C17354592CBF0CBF8D1744D4C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cerithium (Bittium) abruptum Watson 1880	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Cerithium (Bittium) abruptum Watson, 1880</p>
            <p>Figure 113</p>
            <p> Cerithium (Bittium) abruptum Watson 1880: 119-120, not illustrated. Illustration available in Watson (1886): 551, pl. XLI, fig. 4. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Lat. 38°38'N, long. 28°28'30"W, Fayal, Azores.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes: NHMUK 1887.2.9.1709-11: 3 specimens, type locality . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>St. 75. July 2, 1873. Lat. 38°38'N., long. 28°28'30"W. Fayal, Azores. 450-500 fms. Sand.</p>
            <p>Shell.- Small, narrow, conical, blunt, in general form very like a decollated Cerithiopsis metaxa, solid, translucent, white. Sculpture. Longitudinals-there are on the last whorl about thirteen, on the earlier, fewer longitudinal ribs, which are low and narrow, and are parted by flat and broader furrows. They come down the spire, from whorl to whorl, with a strong sinistral twist. The embryonic whorls have ten or twelve small ribs. Spirals-except on the first two whorls there are on each whorl four narrow, rounded, prominent spiral threads, which rise, as they cross the longitudinals, into pointed high tubercles. The furrows which part them (except that between the third and the fourth) are narrower than the spirals. The highest of these spirals is the weakest and least prominent, being pinched in by the superior contraction of the whorl into the suture. Close above this highest spiral runs the suture. The base of each whorl is roundly but rather abruptly contracted, so that the sutural furrow has its upperside abruptly, its underside gradually, declining. The base, which is oblique, concave, and contracted, has a strong plain spiral thread round its edge, and a very minute thread encircling the base of the pillar, the scar of the siphonal cut. Besides the larger systems of sculpture, there are some faint and irregular traces of microscopic rounded longitudinals and sharper spirals. Colour translucent white. Spire high, narrow, with very straight outlines, and scarcely contracted. Apex excessively blunt and abrupt, the extreme point being rounded and barely rising into view; it is quite smooth and polished. The second whorl is longitudinally ribbed and polished; on the third the ordinary sculpture begins. Whorls 11, convex, constricted suddenly below and gradually above. Suture excessively minute and faint in itself, but its place strongly marked by the constriction of the whorls above and below. Mouth very small, oval, perpendicular, pointed above, and with a large open rounded slit in front, whose edge is hardly reverted. Outer lip thin, advancing on the base much beyond the point of the pillar. Inner lip a thin glaze, with microscopic corrugations on the pillar. Pillar very short, with a broad base spreading out to meet the outer lip, straight, with a broad but sharp point. H. 0.23. B. 0.05. Penultimate whorl, height 0.03. Mouth, length 0.028, breadth 0.02.</p>
            <p>This species in general aspect is very like Cerithiopsis metaxa, della Chiaje, but differs in not having the sharp sculptured apex; the whorls, in consequence of the sutural contraction, are more rounded; the longitudinals are swellings of the whole shell, not, as in that other, mere projecting tubercles; the spirals are more definitely continuous; the longitudinal rows of tubercles run less definitely from whorl to whorl, and have a strong sinistral twist as they proceed down the spire, while in C. metaxa their continuous lines are very straight.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p>Bouchet (1985) accurately described the species and, therefore, we refrain from adding additional diagnostic notes.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/868A832C17354592CBF0CBF8D1744D4C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
7676DEAB3EF1A73D5B267310E4A094D4.text	7676DEAB3EF1A73D5B267310E4A094D4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cerithium (Triforis) bigemma Watson 1880	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Cerithium (Triforis) bigemma Watson, 1880</p>
            <p> Cerithium (Triforis) bigemma Watson 1880: 101-102, not illustrated. Illustration available in Watson (1886): 562-563, pl. XLIII, fig. 6. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>"Lat. 18°38'30"N, long. 65°5'30"W, St. Thomas, North of Culebra Island, Danish West Indies" (Puerto Rico).</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>  Lectotype: NHMUK 1887.2.9.1762, designated by  Rolán and  Fernández-Garcés (2008) (not seen)  . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>St. 24. Mar. 25, 1873. Lat. 18°38'30"N., long. 65°5'30"W. St. Thomas, N. of Culebra Island, Danish West Indies. 390 fms. Coral-mud.</p>
            <p>Shell.- Sharply conical, high and narrow, solid, opaque, brilliant, yellowish white. Sculpture. Longitudinals-the whorls are crossed by rows of tubercles with broad and rounded hollows between; of these longitudinal rows there are 17 to 18 on the last, and about 14 on a great many of the preceding whorls; besides these the surface is sharply, distinctly, and pretty closely scored by minute lines of growth. Spirals-a prominent spiral band encircles the whorls formed by two rows of rounded tubercles, which in each row are connected by a spiral thread; of these threads the lower is rather the larger, sharper, and more prominent. The distance between these threads is very nearly the same as that between the longitudinal rows, so that each group of four adjoining tubercles forms nearly a rhomb. Round the upper part of each whorl is an impressed flat surface, in which, very near the suture, lies another smaller spiral, which becomes minutely tubercled where it crosses the longitudinal rows. At the bottom of each whorl is a very minute spiral thread, which forms a pouting edge to the suture. Besides these the surface is faintly reticulated by microscopic spirals crossing the longitudinal lines of growth. This reticulation is best seen on the flat and glossy base, which is unbroken except by a small sharp spiral, about 0.012 in. within the edge. Colour yellowish white, pure white on the upper part of the spire; round the base of each whorl is a suffused pale tint of brown, which is more or less the colour of the base of the shell; the point of the pillar is white. Spire high, narrow, and conical, slightly slewed to the left; so that while the left slope is straight, almost concave, the right slope is just perceptibly convex. Whorls probably 22, but of these the 3 or 4 apical ones are broken off; they are of very slow increase, flat, constricted on their upper part, flatly prominent in the middle, and contracted at the lower part; the base of the shell is flatly conical. Suture strongly defined by the depression in which it lies, but itself linear and projecting, being minutely marginated both above and below. Mouth squarely oval, pointed above and at the front of the pillar by the canal, which is small. Outer lip broken. Pillar short, small, straight, scarcely excavated or twisted, at the point sharp and slightly advancing outwards. Inner lip. A very thin layer of glaze is carried across the body, and turns round the pillar in a few microscopic lines, by which alone it can be traced. H. 0.6. B. 0.12. Penultimate whorl 0.072. Mouth, length 0.08, breadth 0.06.</p>
            <p> This has a good deal the proportions of C. metula, Lov., with a narrower base. It slightly resembles the Triforis Pfeifferi, Crosse, and (apparently, for the B. M. tablet has more than one species on it) the T. scitula, A. Ad., both from S. Australia; but these have only one series of gemmules, the upper row being very much smaller, and in both the whole shell is very much smaller and slenderer. T. gigas, Hinds, is a much thinner and less strongly tubercled and sutured shell. T. angustissima, Desh. (Moll. de Bourbon), is larger, broader in proportion, has the lower (in his description  “supérieure” , as he reverses the shell) row of tubercles larger, and lacks the infrasutural flat constriction with its small and finely tubercled spiral. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Rolán and  Fernández-Garcés (2008) recently treated this species and illustrated the lectotype. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7676DEAB3EF1A73D5B267310E4A094D4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
17CC130BFBE4D70F67925E6518E3F046.text	17CC130BFBE4D70F67925E6518E3F046.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cerithium (Triforis) hebes Watson 1880	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Cerithium (Triforis) hebes Watson, 1880</p>
            <p>Figure 115</p>
            <p> Cerithium (Triforis) hebes Watson 1880: 103, not illustrated. Illustration available in Watson (1886): 551, pl. XLIII, fig. 7. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>"Nightingale Island, Tristao da Cunha Islands, S. Atlantic"</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes: NHMUK 1887.2.9.1763-5: 3 specimens, type locality . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>St. 135. Oct. 18, 1873. Nightingale Island, Tristao da Cunha Islands, S. Atlantic. 100-150 fms. Rock; shells.</p>
            <p>Shell.- Cylindrically conical, blunt, uncontracted towards the base, strong, translucent, hardly glossy. Sculpture. Longitudinals-on the last whorl there are about 20 longitudinal rows of rounded tubercles, parted by depressions of much the same breadth and form as themselves; they run more or less continuously and straight up the spire from whorl to whorl. There are indistinct lines of growth. Spirals- on each whorl the tubercles are arranged in three spiral rows, parted by rather deep but narrow squarish furrows. The highest row is rather smaller and less prominent than the others. The base of each whorl is sharply but not deeply constricted; the edge of this constriction appears on the margin of the base as a rounded thread, defined by a slight furrow, which, with the exception of microscopic radiating lines of growth, is the only ornament of the flat and very slightly conical base. Colour pure somewhat translucent white. Spire high and conical, but contracting very little, and hence more cylindrical than usual. Apex very blunt, but almost mucronated; this arises from the three embryonic whorls, which are smooth, being formed of two tumid threads, of which the lower is the larger, but the upper is at first the more prominent, and at its origin stands up minute, round, and prominent, like a small eccentric blunt spike, reminding one of the mucronated mamillary plug of some of the Caecums. It is not a plug, however, but the true embryonic form. This embryonic shell is smooth and glossy, but has some faint trace of spiral sculpture. Whorls 12, of very gradual increase, flat on the sides, constricted below, flat and hardly conical on the base. Suture well defined by the contraction of the whorl above it, and by a minute thread on which it projects. Mouth angulately oval, with a small straight canal in front. Outer lip broken. Pillar perpendicular, straight, short, narrow, pointed. Inner lip a thickish porcellanous glaze. H. 0.24. B. 0.06. Penultimate whorl 0.03. Mouth, length 0.032, breadth 0.02.</p>
            <p>This species has some resemblance to T. suturalis, Ad. &amp; Rve., but is easily distinguished from that by its blunt apex and the less sunken suture.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Syntypes ranging in height between 3.7 and 5.3 mm; none looks fully mature. Shell conical with slightly curved sides. The largest specimen has ca 9 whorls bearing three strong spiral cords from the beginning of the teleoconch; tubercles are present at the intersection with the orthocline axial ribs. A fourth smooth narrow cord is visible suprasuturally. Growth lines are visible between the cords. Due to the subadult stage, the peristome and the base are not fully developed. Siphonal canal short. The large protoconch is certainly paucispiral, with two whorls: the first bears a strong spiral keel and possibly some thick axial ribs, but all syntypes have very worn apexes. Teleoconch and protoconch white.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/17CC130BFBE4D70F67925E6518E3F046	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
8DDD783983D1A01044E5272E86C4AE44.text	8DDD783983D1A01044E5272E86C4AE44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cerithium (Triforis) inflata Watson 1880	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Cerithium (Triforis) inflata Watson, 1880</p>
            <p> Cerithium (Triforis) inflata Watson 1880: 103-104, not illustrated. Illustration available in Watson (1886): 564-565, pl. XL, fig. 1. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>"Lat. 18°38'30"N, long. 65°5'30"W, St. Thomas, North of Culebra Island, Danish West Indies" (Puerto Rico).</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>  Lectotype: NHMUK 1887.2.9.1766, designated by  Rolán and  Fernández-Garcés (2008) (not seen)  . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>St. 24. Mar. 25, 1873. Lat. 18°38'30"K, long. 65°5'30"W. St. Thomas, N. of Culebra Island, Danish West Indies. 390 fms. Mud.</p>
            <p>Shell.- Small, narrow, conical, with a blunt inflated apex, solid, opaque, glossy. Sculpture. Longitudinals-there are on the last whorl 16 rows of small rounded but not blunt tubercles, which more or less continuously run obliquely down the spire in lines from right to left; the hollows which part them are in form much like themselves; there are also faint microscopic scratches on the lines of growth. Spirals-on each whorl the tubercles are arranged in two spiral rows, in which the tubercles have their sharp tips tilted up the spire, and they are parted by a triangular shaped furrow, narrower than the spirals of tubercles. Below the under row of tubercles is a broader furrow, in the bottom of which runs the suture on the spireward face of a fine rounded thread occupying the extreme upper edge of the subjacent whorl. This thread is undulated rather than tubercled where it crosses the longitudinal rows; on the spireward side this thread is defined by a minute deep square-bottomed trench, while on the basal side it lies close in to the foot of the upper spiral row of tubercles. Round the edge of the base is a slight sharp narrow keel, which the succeeding whorl as it grows buries in the spiral thread mentioned above. At 0.004 from the edge, and there forming a ledge, the whole centre of the base is slightly projected: with this exception, the flat and scarcely conical base has no ornamentation beyond the radiating lines of growth and the microscopic spirals, which, though visible on the rest of the shell, are, as usual, more distinct on the base. Colour dull translucent white. Spire high, narrow, and conical. Apex blunt and inflated. The two embryonic whorls are larger, but otherwise very much like those of C. metula, Lov., being turban-shaped and projecting beyond the succeeding whorls; they are glossy and quite smooth but for some very faint microscopic longitudinal and spiral lines. Whorls 13, of very gradual increase, flat on the sides; the base, too, is flat, and very little conical. Suture linear, almost hidden by the overlap of the subjacent whorl. Mouth very small and square, with a minute, round, very short canal in front, whose edges are reverted all round. Outer lip broken. Pillar very small, extremely short, straight, but reverted at the point. Inner lip not fully formed. H. 0.2. B. 0.06. Penultimate whorl 0.02. Mouth, length 0.028, breadth 0.025.</p>
            <p>This species, which in shape resembles T. suturalis, Ad. &amp; Rve., may be easily distinguished from that species by the absence of the deep suture and by the inflated apex. From C. (T.) hebes, W., its sculpture and its apex distinguish it at once.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Rolán and  Fernández-Garcés (2008) recently treated this species and illustrated the lectotype. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8DDD783983D1A01044E5272E86C4AE44	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
0C67A5C4B13C861F8AB9ACFE0191FF68.text	0C67A5C4B13C861F8AB9ACFE0191FF68.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cerithium (Triforis) levukense Watson 1880	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Cerithium (Triforis) levukense Watson, 1880</p>
            <p>Figure 116</p>
            <p> Cerithium (Triforis) levukense Watson 1880: 100, not illustrated. Illustration available in Watson (1886): 551, pl. XXIX, fig. 4. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>"Levuka, Fiji".</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes: NHMUK 1887.2.9.1760-1: 2 specimens, type locality . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>July 29, 1874. Levuka, Fiji. 12 fms.</p>
            <p> Shell.- Sinistral, sharply conical, with a narrow and produced base, solid, yellowish white, glossy. Sculpture. Longitudinals.- there are (on the last whorl) about twenty longitudinal rows of round tubercles, which rows form a small rib across the whorl, and are more or less continuous up the spire; these continue on the base as strongly as on the upper part of the whorls. These rows are parted by shallow rounded depressions. Spirals-the longitudinal rows are cut by narrow little rounded grooves, whose intersection with them forms the tubercles. On the upper whorls there is only one such spiral groove, so that there are only two tubercled spirals, but the groove gradually widens, and there appears in the bottom of it a minute additional spiral, which finally becomes as large as the other two; on the base are 3 equally divided tubercled spiral threads, of which the inmost is the smallest, and it ceases at the siphonal tube. The apex consists of 6 small rather elongated narrow whorls, of which the first  1½ have about ten rows of minute tubercles faintly connected by spirals; the next  4½ whorls are crossed by about 24 longitudinal sharp little ribs, rising into points at the carina, which is a continuous spiral thread. This carina on the first of these whorls is near the base, but later it rises so as to encircle the upper part of the whorl. The minute spiral rows of tubercles, which alone appear on the first whorl and half, cover the whole surface (both ribs and interstices) on the later apical whorls. The regular sculpture does not begin abruptly and at once, but a tongue of this new sculpture breaks across the top of the whorl, while the lower part retains the earlier ornamentation. Colour. The apical whorls are amber, the rest of the shell yellowish white, with a narrow amber-coloured thread within the contraction of the base of each whorl; this spiral thread is not continuous, being interrupted by each of the longitudinal rows of tubercles. Spire high, sharply conical, with a very slight convexity in its lines of profile, which are not perfectly alike. Apex a narrow and perfect cone, ending in a small rounded point. Whorls 17, of very regular increase, flat on the side; the whole last whorl is contracted and a little elongated; the base is narrow and flat. Suture sharply impressed, and broader than the spiral grooves, being marginated on its upperside by a minute flat surface, which runs round the base of the superior whorl. Mouth almost more than perpendicular, square, with a largish auricle at its upper corner, and a small and very transverse rift at the pillar. Outer lip sharp, thin, straight, perpendicular, angulated at the basal corner, flat across the base, turned in towards the mouth and pinched in at the pillar, where it joins the pillar-lip, closing in the side of the small siphonal canal, whose edge is sharp and straight, or a very little contracted all round. Pillar straight in front, then very much bent back, so that its posterior line almost stands on the edge of the base. Pillar-lip expanded but abruptly defined on the base, blunt but projecting on the pillar, where it is covered by and cemented to the outer lip. H. 0.22. B. 0.075 least 0.06. Penultimate whorl 0.032. Mouth, length 0.037, breadth 0.035. This beautiful little species is very like in general aspect to C. perversum, L.; but, apart from other obvious differences, the sculpture of the apex is quite distinct. In that species the extreme apex has about seven spiral scatches, parted by roughened threads, and the following whorls are beset with much closer-set and more numerous riblets, and they have two close-set spirals at the carina. The whole of this sculptured apex (in C. perversum) is stumpier, and the whorls are not so angulated, and the extreme point is blunter. T. Hindsii, Desh. (Bourbon Moll. p. 99), is very near, but is less contracted in front towards the base, has not there near the mouth four rows of pearls, has the pearls white on a brown ground, has not the single amber thread, and is a little narrower in proportion. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>The adult syntype is 4.4 mm high. Shell cyrtoconoid with flat whorls. Teleoconch with at least 11 whorls, but the apical part is missing. Three spiral cords are present with the second developing initially as a narrow thread and attaining full size only on the last whorl. A fourth smooth suprasutural cord is visible. Peristome incomplete in the adult syntype. Siphonal canal short. Base flat, with two weakly sculptured spiral cords. Protoconch present only in the juvenile syntype and likely multispiral as illustrated by Watson. Teleoconch light yellowish with a narrow orange-brown line on the lower part of the third spiral cord.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0C67A5C4B13C861F8AB9ACFE0191FF68	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
FB467D6B18FF9D2B6D72CC2AC59AFD89.text	FB467D6B18FF9D2B6D72CC2AC59AFD89.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euthymella isaotakii Kosuge 1962	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Euthymella isaotakii Kosuge, 1962</p>
            <p>Figure 54</p>
            <p> Euthymella isaotakii Kosuge 1962b: 124, pl. 8, fig. 18, text figs 6, 8. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Ankyaba, Setouchi-machi, Amami Islands.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype: TZM Mo. 12094 (fide Kosuge 1962b; not seen, illustrated in Higo et al. 2001: 50, G1685). Paratype: NHMUK 1966143: 1 specimen, Amami Islands, Japan . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Shell of medium size, broad conical and narrowed at the base. Colour very distinctive, protoconch light brown, early 3 whorls white and the next one brown, the remainder olive bistre. Protoconch of 4 whorls, conical with a spiral thread overriden by axial threads. Mature whorls 10, suture distinct but not deep, having a fine supra·sutural thread. Sculpture of 3 rows of granules, strongly connected spirally and axially, and latticed. Granules large and equal·sized, spirally elongate and apart from each other by one third of its diameter, 14 to a whorl. 2 extra rows of granules on the body whorl. Anterior canal tubular.</p>
            <p>Length: 6.8 mm.</p>
            <p>Remarks: This species is easily distinguished by its colour dattern, sculpture and shell feature. It is closely related to E. regalis Jousseaume and E. pannata Laseron, though differing in number of rows of granules, shell feature and colour pattern.</p>
            <p>This species is named in memory of the late Dr. Isao Taki, who was kind enough to guide me in malacology.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB467D6B18FF9D2B6D72CC2AC59AFD89	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
67E69840B8196787CA90497340C55CC1.text	67E69840B8196787CA90497340C55CC1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euthymella leucocephala Kosuge 1963	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Euthymella leucocephala Kosuge, 1963</p>
            <p>Figure 58</p>
            <p> Euthymella leucocephala Kosuge 1963b: 260-261, pl. 18, fig. 5, text figs 5, 8. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Ankyaba, Setouchi-machi, Amami Islands.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype: TZM Mo. 13064 (fide Kosuge 1963b; not seen, illustrated in Higo et al. 2001: 51, G1686). Paratype: NHMUK 1966139: 1 specimen, Amami Islands, Japan . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Shell medium in size, apex blunt, conical, somewhat inflated at the middle of the spire and slightly narrowed at the body whorl. Protoconch of a single whorl, mammillate and smooth. Mature whorl 9, each whorl convex and widely separated by a rather deep grooved suture, encircled by a fine supra-sutural thread. Sculpture consists of 3 rows of granules, median row somewhat larger than the others at the lower spire, equal in size at the early 2 or 3 whorls and rapidly diminished at its first whorl; each granule spirally elongate and well elevated from the crossing points of broad axial columns and spiral costae which are deeply latticed, aparts from each other by about its diameter and 14 to a whorl. On the body whorl, fourth row of granules encircles the periphery, the other 2 slender, smooth, spiral ridges the base and the anterior canal which is short and recurved backward. Protoconch and early 2 whorls white, remainder dark reddish brown.</p>
            <p>Shell length: 6.8 mm.</p>
            <p>Remarks: This species is easily distinguished by its protoconch, white apex and spirally elongated granules. It is somewhat related to E. regalis Jousseaume and E. isaotakii Kosuge, though differs in its protoconch, shell shape and colour-pattern, and also differs from Notosinister atratus Kosuge in its sculpture and protoconch.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/67E69840B8196787CA90497340C55CC1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
7DF33E306A965942F5DA3B195B0FF6E6.text	7DF33E306A965942F5DA3B195B0FF6E6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Inella granicostata Kosuge 1962	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Inella granicostata Kosuge, 1962</p>
            <p>Figure 52</p>
            <p> Inella granicostata Kosuge 1962b: 121, pl. 8, fig. 11, text fig. 7. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Ankyaba, Setouchi-machi, Amami Islands.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype: TZM Mo. 12128 (fide Kosuge 1962b, not seen; illustrated in Higo et al. 2001: 50, G1676). Paratype: NHMUK 1966137: 1 specimen, Amami Islands, Japan . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Shell of medium size, conical, rather cylindrical in lower part of spire. Protoconch of 2 whorls, mammillate, suture distinct and grooved. Sculpture of 3 rows of granules, furrows between rows deep. Granules elongate and beset close together, connected by axial threads and spiral keels and appear like somewhat indented costae, 22-24 to a whorl. Upper row slightly larger and blackish brown, lower two light brown and sometimes whitish. 2 extra rows of granules on the body whorl.</p>
            <p>Length: 8.5 mm.</p>
            <p>Remarks: This species is allied to T. angasi Crosse, though the latter has a white band in lower granules of body whorl and also differs from T. marmoratus Pease in details of sculpture of body whorl.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7DF33E306A965942F5DA3B195B0FF6E6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
2DF7A2883B23234B8BA14BFA2641A27B.text	2DF7A2883B23234B8BA14BFA2641A27B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Inella subfenestra Kosuge 1962	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Inella subfenestra Kosuge, 1962</p>
            <p>Figure 63</p>
            <p> Inella subfenestra Kosuge 1962b: 123, pl. 8, fig. 12, text fig. 1-2. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Ankyaba, Setouchi-machi, Amami Islands.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>  Holotype: TZM Mo. 12125 (fide Kosuge 1962b; not seen, illustrated in Higo et al. 2001: 51, G1678 as  I. subfenestrata ).  Paratype: NHMUK 1966148: 1 specimen, Amami Islands, Japan . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Shell large, slender with straight side. Colour of protoconch light brown, remainder purplish pink. Protoconch of 4 whorls, nucleus dome-shaped, each whorl has 2 spiral keels overriden by axial threads.</p>
            <p>Mature whorls 16, suture not clear and has a fine supra-sutural thread. Sculpture of 3 rows of granules, latticed by spiral costae and axial columns, upper row more slender, and nearly equal·sized on the body whorl. Granules spirally elongate, each granule apart from each other by about its diameter and 19 to a whorl. Supra-sutural thread becomes the fourth row of granules on the edge of body whorl and also fifth and sixth slender rows slightly appear on the interstices of main rows at the body whorl, two extra spiral costae at the base of body whorl and faintly granulated. Anterior canal not closed.</p>
            <p>Shell length: 9.5 mm.</p>
            <p> Remarks: This species is closely related to T. episcopalis (Hervier) in colour pattern, though in the latter species the median row of granules is diminished on the penultimate whorl and gradually turns to spiral thread in contrast with the  former’s upper row, and somewhat like T. nocturna Hedley, though this new species differs in sculpture of both protoconch and mature whorls. Also this species is distinguished from T. xystica (Jousseaume), T. verrucosa and T. marginata (Laseron) in details of sculpture and colour pattern. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2DF7A2883B23234B8BA14BFA2641A27B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
A34E5442F19F7FD8A909D2926FD6B180.text	A34E5442F19F7FD8A909D2926FD6B180.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iniforis hinuhinu Kay 1979	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Iniforis hinuhinu Kay, 1979</p>
            <p>Figure 48</p>
            <p> Iniforis hinuhinu Kay 1979: 134, fig. 48H. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Kepuhi Point, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype: BPBM 9786 (fide Kay 1979; not seen). Paratypes: NHMUK 1982263, 2 specimens, Kepuhi Point, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands. Other paratypes: AMS and USNM (fide Kay 1979; not seen) . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A34E5442F19F7FD8A909D2926FD6B180	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
1015A4886BCADF597D5B3099EDD6F2B0.text	1015A4886BCADF597D5B3099EDD6F2B0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Isotriphora kurodai Kosuge 1962	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Isotriphora kurodai Kosuge, 1962</p>
            <p>Figure 57</p>
            <p> Isotriphora kurodai Kosuge 1962a: 84-85, pl. 10, fig. 7, text figs 11, 19. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Shirahama, Shimoda-machi, Shizuoka Prefecture, Central Japan.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype: reported in the Dr. T. Kuroda collection (Kosuge 1962a) which is now in the Nishinomiya Shell Museum, Japan (not seen). Paratype: NHMUK 1966151: 1 specimen, Amami Islands, Japan . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Shell medium in size, conical, apex blunt, not narrowed at the base, somewhat conoidal rod in shape. Protoconch immersed at the summit, slightly appearing as a tip of the smooth nucleus. Mature whorls 13, with straight side, suture deep and widely channelled. Sculpture 3 rows of granules, each row equal in size at the lower two-third of the spire, median row diminished at the early whorls. Granules connected with both spiral keels and rather broad axial columns which are latticed with spiral keels, apart by about half of its diameter and 22 to a whorl. On the body whorl, there are 3 smooth spiral keels on the periphery and base, anterior canal long and slightly recurved, aperture almost rounded. Colouration reddish brown and light brown in drifted materials.</p>
            <p>Shell length: 7.4 mm.</p>
            <p>Remarks: This species is easily recognized by its immersed protoconch, differing from Is. tasmanica (Ten-Wood) in its protoconch, of which the nucleus is slightly raised up, in contrast to the latter in which protoconch is completely immersed. This feature is taken natural as a generic character, therefore it may be necessary to give this species an appropriate subgeneric name.</p>
            <p>This species is dedicated to Dr. Tokubei Kuroda of the Kyoto University, President of the Malacological Society of Japan, who is kind enough to help in both literature and material.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1015A4886BCADF597D5B3099EDD6F2B0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
3BC93B58BCB1303B9BDB6A7AA117C8EC.text	3BC93B58BCB1303B9BDB6A7AA117C8EC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mastonia squalida Kosuge 1962	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Mastonia squalida Kosuge, 1962</p>
            <p>Figure 62</p>
            <p> Mastonia squalida Kosuge 1962b: 126-127, pl. 8, fig. 19, text figs 12, 13. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Ankyaba, Setouchi-machi, Amami Islands.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype: TZM Mo. 12253 (fide Kosuge 1962b; not seen, illustrated in Higo et al. 2001: 51, G1695). Paratype: NHMUK 1966145: 1 specimen, Amami Islands, Japan . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Shell of medium size, conical, tapering to the summit and narrowed at the base. Protoconch with 2 spiral keels crossed with many axial threads. Mature whorls 12, suture not clear. 2 rows of granules beset in the upper and lower parts of each whorl, a fine spiral thread encircles upper part of its interstices and shell covered with many fine scale-like sculpture. Granules large and equal-sized, 16 to a whorl. Protoconch brown, early 4-5 whorls white, remainder dull reddish violet.</p>
            <p>Shell length: 6.5 mm.</p>
            <p>Remarks: This species is allied to M. squamosa in shell feature and sculpture, though differs from it in colour pattern and also from T. albogranosa in shell feature, details of sculpture and colour pattern.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3BC93B58BCB1303B9BDB6A7AA117C8EC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
CB6C2AFA13B90E118D3AD2790EC3A33B.text	CB6C2AFA13B90E118D3AD2790EC3A33B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metaxia albicephala Kay 1979	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Metaxia albicephala Kay, 1979</p>
            <p>Figure 43</p>
            <p> Metaxia albicephala Kay 1979: 130, 132, fig. 48L, M. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Poipu Beach, Kauai, Hawaiian Islands.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype: BPBM 9784. Paratypes: NHMUK 1982260, 1 specimen, Keahole Point, Hawaii, Hawaiian Islands. Other paratypes: AMS and USNM (fide Kay 1979; not seen) . </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The specimen in NHMUK may be a different species than the holotype figured by Kay (1979, fig. 48L, M). The holotype has large flat spiral cords (a character also included in the original description) and the interspaces are smaller than the cords. In contrast, the NHMUK specimen has thin spiral cords with ample interspaces. Unfortunately,  Kay’s illustration of the teleoconch is blurred, and the NHMUK specimen is worn and lacks the apex, which would have offered additional diagnostic characters for observation. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CB6C2AFA13B90E118D3AD2790EC3A33B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
4DF63FAE3242D533EF09E1104753E36B.text	4DF63FAE3242D533EF09E1104753E36B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metaxia brunnicephala Kay 1979	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Metaxia brunnicephala Kay, 1979</p>
            <p>Figure 44</p>
            <p> Metaxia brunnicephala Kay 1979: 132, fig. 48E, F, K. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Poipu Beach, Kauai, Hawaiian Islands.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype: BPBM 9782. Paratypes: NHMUK 1982262, 1 specimen, Keahole Point, Hawaii, Hawaiian Islands. Other paratypes: USNM (fide Kay 1979; not seen) . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4DF63FAE3242D533EF09E1104753E36B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
7A2838D6DEF6DC7696CCF6C8BA3B6C76.text	7A2838D6DEF6DC7696CCF6C8BA3B6C76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metaxia kermadecensis Marshall 1977	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Metaxia kermadecensis Marshall, 1977</p>
            <p>Figure 65</p>
            <p> Metaxia kermadecensis Marshall 1977: 116-117, figs 2D-F, H. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Raoul (Sunday) Island, Kermadec Islands.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype: MNZ MF 25922 (fide Marshall 1977; not seen). Paratypes: NHMUK 197844: 1 specimen, Sunday Island, Kermadec Islands; additional 19 specimens in AMS and USNM (fide Marshall 1977; not seen) . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7A2838D6DEF6DC7696CCF6C8BA3B6C76	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
FC22F63F082F922482765B4C6CFABA0F.text	FC22F63F082F922482765B4C6CFABA0F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Notosinister atratus Kosuge 1962	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Notosinister atratus Kosuge, 1962</p>
            <p>Figure 51</p>
            <p> Notosinister atratus Kosuge 1962a: 83, pl. 9, fig. 5, text figs 9, 13. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Ankyaba, Setouchi-machi, Amami Islands.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype: TZM Mo. 13039 (fide Kosuge 1962a, not seen; illustrated in Higo et al. 2001: 51, G1705). Paratype: NHMUK 1966142: 1 specimen, Amami Islands, Japan . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Shell small, rather fusiform, inflated, rapidly attenuated to the early whorls, slightly narrowed at the base. Protoconch reddish brown, 2 spiral keels overridden by axial threads. Mature whorls 9 to 10 in number, suture well defined as a shallow groove. Sculpture 3 spiral costae, widely apart from each other and decussated with irregular axial grooves, divided into 26 ill-defined granules, upper row largest, median one faint, and turns to a thread at the antepenultimate whorl and diminished at the earlier whorls. Body whorl has 2 slightly granulated extra-costae, anterior canal slightly recurved, aperture subquadrate. White in colour at the earlier 3 whorls and remainder blackish reddish brown.</p>
            <p>Shell length: 5.5 mm.</p>
            <p>Remarks: This species is easily distinguished by its peculiar sculpture and colour patterns from the allied form.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FC22F63F082F922482765B4C6CFABA0F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
20A49368CFE8CF753B92BD8D2A3A9019.text	20A49368CFE8CF753B92BD8D2A3A9019.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Notosinister hervieri Kosuge 1962	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Notosinister hervieri Kosuge, 1962</p>
            <p>Figure 53</p>
            <p> Notosinister hervieri Kosuge 1962a: 81, pl. 10, fig. 1, text fig. 15, 18. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Ankyaba, Setouchi-machi, Amami Islands.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype: TZM Mo. 13036 (fide Kosuge 1962a; not seen, illustrated in Higo et al. 2001: 50, G1670). Paratype: NHMUK 1966140: 1 specimen, Amami Islands, Japan . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Shell large to medium in size, conical, tapering to the summit, somewhat narrowed at the base. Protoconch of 5 whorls, acuminated conical, with 2 spiral keels overridden by numerous axial threads, brownish red in colour. Mature whorls 16, suture distinct and rather deep, each whorl somewhat inflated and sculptured with 3 equal rows of granules which are connected with fine spiral threads and broad axial columns, median row decreases to a fine thread at its upper 2 or 3 whorls. Granules large, apart by about half of its diameter, 22 to a whorl; on the body whorl, fourth row encircles on the periphery and coloured orange yellow, other 2 faintly granulated keels on the rounded base. Aperture subquadrate, anterior canal long and recurved backward. The colouration isdistinctive, upper row orange yellow, others pinkish or lilac brown.</p>
            <p>Shell length: 9.7 mm.</p>
            <p>Remarks: This species is closely related to T. loyaltyensis (Hervier) in its sculpture and colour pattern, though differs in having 2 spiral keels on its protoconch in contrast with 1 keel of the latter. This is distributed in Okinawa and Amami Islands, and was formerly treated as T. loyaltyensis by Japanese authors.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/20A49368CFE8CF753B92BD8D2A3A9019	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
3536EAEC9A75A69A37A3A6AD6AD825E7.text	3536EAEC9A75A69A37A3A6AD6AD825E7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Notosinister iwaotakii Kosuge 1963	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Notosinister iwaotakii Kosuge, 1963</p>
            <p>Figure 55</p>
            <p> Notosinister iwaotakii Kosuge 1963a: 246-247, pl. 16, fig. 27, text figs 3, 10. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Ankyaba, Setouchi-machi, Amami Islands.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype: TZM Mo. 13067 (fide Kosuge 1963a; not seen). Paratype: NHMUK 1966149: 1 specimen, Amami Islands, Japan . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Shell rather small, extremely inflated spindle-form, acuminated at the summit and narrowed at the body whorl. Protoconch of 4 whorls, tapering to the summit, bearing 2 spiral keels with crossed fine axial threads. Mature whorls 7, suture narrowly grooved and encircled by a fine supra-sutural thread. Sculpture of 3 rows of granules, each row almost equal-sized even in the early whorls, but median one slightly smaller than the other two; granules large, round, connected by broad axial columns and spiral costae which are finely latticed, forming fine square hollows, apart from each other by about half of its diameter and 18 to a whorl. Body whorl has 2 more rows of granules, viz. fourth row encircles the periphery and smaller than upper 3 rows, filth slender row on the base. Anterior canal somewhat elongated and recurved backward, posterior canal forming a deep sinus, shell aperture somewhat extended forward. Colouration slate purple, antepenultimate whorl pale or whitish, anterior canal orange yellow.</p>
            <p>Shell length: 4.8 mm.</p>
            <p>Remarks: This species is distinguished by its inflated spindle-form, sculpture and colouration, and closely related to N. lucidulus (Hervier), though differs in its shell shape and protoconch which is marked by double spiral keels in contrast to a single keel of the latter species, and also differs from N. amoena (Hervier) in its coloration and shell size. This species is dedicated to Prof. Iwao Taki of the Hiroshima University, who is kind enough to read my manuscript with valuable advices.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3536EAEC9A75A69A37A3A6AD6AD825E7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
01D5EA4F91B50246CAEC7235446630E8.text	01D5EA4F91B50246CAEC7235446630E8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Notosinister kawamurai Kosuge 1962	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Notosinister kawamurai Kosuge, 1962</p>
            <p>Figure 56</p>
            <p> Notosinister kawamurai Kosuge 1962a: 81, pl. 10, fig. 3, text figs 5, 6. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Ankyaba, Setouchi-machi, Amami Islands.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype: TZM Mo. 13035 (fide Kosuge 1962a; not seen, illustrated in Higo et al. 2001: 50, G1661s). Paratype: NHMUK 1966138: 1 specimen, Amami Islands, Japan . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Shell small, conical, tapering to the summit, lower part of spire somewhat cylindrical. Protoconch pale brown, with a single spiral keel and crossed axial threads, mature whorls 10 or more, suture well defined with a supra-sutural thread. Sculpture 3 rows of granules, median row rapidly turns to a spiral thread at its earlier whorls. Colour pattern distinctive, upper row of granules and suprasutural thread reddish brown, remainder white, other 2 spiral colour bands on the body whorl. Granules small, somewhat squarish, apart by half of its diameter and 22 to a whorl. Each granule connected with slightly oblique, fine axial columns and faint spiral threads. Fourth row of granules encircles on the periphery of the body whorl and coloured reddish brown, fifth on the base, slightly granulated and also stained reddish brown, and sixth on the anterior canal, smooth. Anterior canal straight.</p>
            <p>Shell length: 6.0 mm.</p>
            <p>Remarks: This species is closely related to N. sardonyx (Laseron) and Cautor albozonatus (Laseron), though differs from the former in having a distinct sutural groove and a supra-sutural thread, and from the latter in its protoconch and sculpture of body whorl, and also distinguished from T. regina Hedley in its colour pattern.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/01D5EA4F91B50246CAEC7235446630E8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
B7DE0753071219F7D9CF56893C54F4D5.text	B7DE0753071219F7D9CF56893C54F4D5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Notosinister millepunctatus Kosuge 1962	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Notosinister millepunctatus Kosuge, 1962</p>
            <p>Figure 60</p>
            <p> Notosinister millepunctatus Kosuge 1962a: 83, pl. 10, fig. 4, text figs 12, 17. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Ankyaba, Setouchi-machi, Amami Islands.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype: TZM Mo. 13038 (fide Kosuge 1962a; not seen, illustrated in Higo et al. 2001: 51, G1707). Paratype: NHMUK 1966144: 1 specimen, Amami Islands, Japan . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Shell medium in size, conical, acuminate at the summit, narrowed at the base. Protoconch turrited conical, 5 whorls with 2 spiral keels overridden by axial threads, dark brown in colour. Mature whorls 13, suture shallow and not distinct. Sculpture 3 rows of granules at the lower part of the spire, median one smaller than the others, and gradually turns to a thread as it ascends the spire and finally disappears at the early whorls. Granules rather large, apart by half of its diameter and 18 or 20 to a whorl, connected both spirally and axially with each other. On the body whorl, fourth row of cranules on the periphery and another spiral keel on the base, anterior canal short and strongly recurved backward. Colouration is white or pale brown with numerous irrerular dark brown spots.</p>
            <p>Shell length: 6.8 mm.</p>
            <p>Remarks: This species is closely related to T. dolicha (Watson) and T. turricula (Hervier), though differs in having a protoconch with 2 spiral keels in contrast to 1 keel of the latter two species, and also differs in shell shape.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B7DE0753071219F7D9CF56893C54F4D5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
628E59D89A2BE2F2394B8AF7061CA819.text	628E59D89A2BE2F2394B8AF7061CA819.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Notosinister rufotinctus Kosuge 1963	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Notosinister rufotinctus Kosuge, 1963</p>
            <p>Figure 61</p>
            <p> Notosinister rufotinctus Kosuge 1963a: 249, pl. 16, fig. 26, text figs 6, 7. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Ankyaba, Setouchi-machi, Amami Islands.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype: TZM Mo. 13065 (fide Kosuge 1963a; not seen, illustrated in Higo et al. 2001: 51, G1719). Paratype: NHMUK 1966146: 1 specimen, Amami Islands, Japan . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Shell rather small, somewhat spindle·form, tapering to the summit and narrowed at the base. Protoconch conical, acuminate, of 5 whorls, keeled by a single carina with crossed fine axial threads. Mature whorls 10, suture distinct and grooved in somewhat deep channel. Sculpture consists of 3 rows of granules; middle row slender, about half as large as the other two rows, turns to a thread and disappears at the early 3 or 4 whorls; upper and lower rows large and equal in size. Granules almost round, connected by broad axial columns and spiral keels which are regularly latticed, interspaces between them squarely excavated, apart from each other by about half of its diameter and 21 to a whorl. Body whorl has 5 rows of granules, upper-most row largest, next 2 rows nearly equal in size and about half as large as the upper one, fourth row on the periphery and fifth one on the base more slender than the others. Anterior canal rather short and slightly recurved backward. Colouration olive ochre, tinted among the granules underside of lower spiral keel of each whorl with deep reddish brown and protoconch chocolate.</p>
            <p>Shell length: 5.2 mm.</p>
            <p>Remarks: This species is distinct by its spindle form and colouration, and somewhat related to Triphora clemens (Hinds), though differs in its sculpture.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/628E59D89A2BE2F2394B8AF7061CA819	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
BB9B7FA387936C1DD8A459A9FC1C8FC4.text	BB9B7FA387936C1DD8A459A9FC1C8FC4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Notosinister tessellatus Kosuge 1963	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Notosinister tessellatus Kosuge, 1963</p>
            <p>Figure 64</p>
            <p> Notosinister tessellatus Kosuge 1963a: 243 and 245, pl. 16, fig. 28, text fig. 4. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Ankyaba, Setouchi-machi, Amami Islands.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype: TZM Mo. 13070 (fide Kosuge 1963a; not seen, illustrated in Higo et al. 2001: 51, G1723). Paratype: NHMUK 1966147: 1 specimen, Amami Islands, Japan . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Shell of medium in size, conica1, tapering to the summit, lower part of spire cylindrical. Protoconch with 2 spiral keels and many axial threads. Mature whorls 12, suture distinct as a rather prominent channel. Sculpture consists of 3 rows of granules, upper and lower rows large and equal in size, median row becoming nearly equal to the others on the body whorl and gradually turns to spiral thread as it ascends the spire. Granules small, well rounded, beset close together and 20 to a whorl, connected with oblique axial columns and weak spiral threads. On the body whorl, fourth row of granules encircles the periphery and fifth row the base. Anterior canal strongly recurved backward and encircled by a smooth spiral keel. Colouration of protoconch brown, mature whorl white with squarish brown piltches.</p>
            <p>Shell length: 6.5 nun.</p>
            <p>Remarks: This species somewhat likes N. quadrimaculatus (Hervier), though differs in colour pattern and shell shape, and also differs from Triphora maculosus Hedley and Triphora ampulla Hedley in colour pattern and protoconch, from Triphora dolicha (Watson) in its sculpture of protoconch.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BB9B7FA387936C1DD8A459A9FC1C8FC4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
B4998450E471383ADF1FBD02219DC601.text	B4998450E471383ADF1FBD02219DC601.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trifora cerea E. A. Smith 1906	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Trifora cerea E.A. Smith, 1906</p>
            <p>Figure 83</p>
            <p> Trifora cerea E.A. Smith 1906: 43, pl. 7, figs 11, 11a. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Port Shepstone, Natal, South Africa.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes: NHMUK 1906.6.23.13: 1 specimen, South Africa . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Testa subulata, flavescens, nitida; anfractus 14 (?), convexi, costis spiralibus tuberculatis quatuor cincti, duobus medianis caeteris majoribus, inter costas oblique costulati, ultimus costis sex instructus, duobus inferioribus vix tuberculatis; columella supra arcuata, callo albo crassiusculo induta; canalis brevis, obliquus, recurvus, haud clausus; labrum subpatulum, extremitatibus costarum leviter dentatum.</p>
            <p>Longit. 10.5 mm., diam. 2.25. Apertura 1.25 longa.</p>
            <p>Hab. -Port Shepstone (Burnup).</p>
            <p>Of a uniform yellow wax colour, ornamented with four rows of granules on each whorl, the lowest row being the smallest, and the two central series rather more prominent than the uppermost row.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>Subulate shell, yellowish, bright; 14 (?) whorls, convex, encircled by four tuberculated spiral cords, the greater two in the middle, costulated obliquely between cords; last with six cords, the two lower ones barely tuberculated; columella arched above, covered by a rather large callus; short anterior siphon, slanting, curved, not closed; extended lip, slightly dentate at the end of the cords.</p>
            <p>Height, 10.5 mm, diameter 2.25. Aperture length 1.25 mm.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Syntype 7.1 mm high (but apical part missing). Shell conical with slightly convex sides. Teleoconch with at least nine whorls bearing three spiral cords with tubercles at the intersection with slightly prosocline axial ribs. The second cord is less pronounced in the first whorl of the type specimen, suggesting that the second cord develops later than the others. A fourth smooth spiral cord is visible suprasuturally. Peristome showing a faint additional spiral cord between the second and the third, but too worn to enable the description of the posterior sinus. Siphonal canal short. The fourth spiral cord is smooth on the base, which bears a fifth, again smooth, cord. The periphery of the last whorl is quite angulated. Protoconch absent in the syntype. Teleoconch yellow to light orange.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p>The date of publication of this paper follows Trew (1993).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B4998450E471383ADF1FBD02219DC601	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
B4256B4DBF3220358651EEB7E9A7667E.text	B4256B4DBF3220358651EEB7E9A7667E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trifora concatenata Melvill 1904	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Trifora concatenata Melvill, 1904</p>
            <p>Figure 67</p>
            <p> Trifora concatenata Melvill 1904: 162, pl. 10, fig. 9. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>"Gulf of Oman, lat. 24°58'N., long. 56°54'E., 156 fathoms".</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes: NHMUK 1905.7.14.32-4, 1 specimen (plus 2 belonging to another species, see Remarks), Gulf of Oman. Syntypes: NMW 1955.158.196, 18 specimens, Gulf of Oman (fide Trew 1987; not seen) . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>T. testa pergracili, multum attenuata, albescente, albo-fusca, anfractibus ad 18, quorum apicales 4, ochracei, spiraliter unicarinati, arete et pulcherrime sub lente longitudinaliter lirati, liris sinuosis, caeteris rectis, suturis indistinctis, tribus gemmularum ordinibus concatenatis praeditis, gemmulis rotundis, nitentibus, ultimo anfractu quatuor ordinibus, circa basim angulato, apertura rotundo-ovata, labro simplice, canali brevi. Long. 5, lat. 1 mm., sp. max.</p>
            <p>A small, very gracefully attenuate species, white or whitish-drab, with ochreous apical whorls, these being once keeled spirally, the usual pattern being present on the remaining whorls of three rows of round, shining gemmae - four on the body-whorl, the lowest row being the largest; these spiral rows are more or less concatenate, leaving clear spaces between.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>Very slender thin shell, whitish, white-brown, up to 18 whorls, four unicarinated ochraceus apical ones, with microscopical sinuous lirae then becoming straight, indistinct sutures, three rows of concatenated gemmulae which are round, bright; last whorl with four rows, angulated near the base, rounded-ovate aperture, simple lip, short anterior siphon. The largest specimen is 5 mm long, 1 mm wide.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Syntype 5.6 mm high. Extremely slender shell with 14 flat teleoconch whorls bearing three spiral cords with tubercles at the intersection with prosocline axial ribs. The first spiral cord is smaller. The peristome is incomplete in the syntype, the siphonal canal appears short. On the base, three additional smooth cords are present. Protoconch incomplete, but clearly multispiral with the last three whorls bearing two spiral keels and axial riblets. Shell whitish.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Lot NHMUK 1905.7.14.32-4 contains three shells belonging to two species. One shell clearly resembles the specimen figured by Melvill (1904) (NHMUK 1905.7.14.32, Fig. 67B-F), while the other two can be readily distinguished by one instead of two spiral keels on the protoconch (Fig. 67J) and the second spiral cord on the teleoconch appearing later than the other two (Fig. 67H, I); in the true  T. concatenata all three spiral cords are present since the first teleoconch whorl. According to Trew (1987), the specimen shown in Figure 67B is the syntype figured by Melvill (1904). Therefore, upon inspection of the syntypes in NMW, it may be selected as lectotype. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B4256B4DBF3220358651EEB7E9A7667E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
9E64B5CF589CF19775D4150C49DFC55E.text	9E64B5CF589CF19775D4150C49DFC55E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trifora convexa E. A. Smith 1904	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Trifora convexa E.A. Smith, 1904</p>
            <p>Figure 85</p>
            <p> Trifora convexa E.A. Smith 1904: 37, pl. 3, fig. 9. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>"Port Alfred, Cape Colony" (Cape of Good Hope, South Africa).</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes: NHMUK 1903.12.19.1084-1086: 3 specimens (glued on cardboard), Port Alfred, South Africa . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Testa parva, fusca, ad apicem albida; anfractus 10 convexi, supremi duo pallidi, laeves, caeteri tricingulati, cingulis granosis, duobus inferioribus magis conspicuis, sutura filiformi sejuncti, ultimus ad peripheriam rotundatus, cingulis sex instructus; labrum subpatulum; columella callo crasso pellucido induta, supra incurva.</p>
            <p>Longit. 5.5 millim., diam. fere 2.</p>
            <p>The suture is marked by the lira which encircles the periphery of the body-whorl, and winds up the spire at, but above the actual suture.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>Small shell, brown, with whitish apex; 10 convex whorls, the uppermost two pale, light, the other with three granulated cords, the lower two more conspicuous, separated by a threadlike suture, the last rounded at its periphery, with six cords; extended lip; columella covered by a large translucent callus, curved above.</p>
            <p>Height 5.5 mm, diameter about 2 mm.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Syntype NHMUK 1903.12.19.1084 (Fig. 85A-F) 5 mm high. Shell conical with seven rounded whorls bearing three solid spiral cords with weak nodules at the intersection with orthocline axial ribs. A fourth thin smooth cord can be seen suprasuturally. Peristome incomplete, apparently without additional spiral cords. Base with three large flat spiral cords similar in appearance to those on the whorls. Siphonal canal short. Protoconch paucispiral. The transition between protoconch and teleoconch is very difficult to recognize because the apex is worn, but the protoconch is apparently less than two whorls, the first being smooth and the second with a fine suprasutural smooth spiral cord. Teleoconch brown to orange; protoconch lighter, almost white.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9E64B5CF589CF19775D4150C49DFC55E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
8A07C625140754CACD1DCF82EAA4DC25.text	8A07C625140754CACD1DCF82EAA4DC25.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trifora fuscescens E. A. Smith 1904	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Trifora fuscescens E.A. Smith, 1904</p>
            <p>Figure 86</p>
            <p> Trifora fuscescens E.A. Smith 1904: 37, pl. 3, fig. 6. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>"Port Alfred, Cape Colony" (Cape of Good Hope, South Africa).</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes: NHMUK 1903.12.19.1087-1092: 6 specimens, Port Alfred, South Africa . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Testa parva, gracilis, fuscescens, quadricingulata, cingulo supremo aliis majori, planiusculo, caeteris subaequalibus rotundatis; anfractus circiter 18, fere plani, ultimus cingulis septenis prope aperturam lineis incrementi sectis et subgranosis cinctus; apertura parva, rotunde quadrata, antice brevissime oblique canaliculata; labrum tenue, postice ad suturam sinuatum, in medio subpatulum, ad marginem leviter crenulatum.</p>
            <p>Longit. 11.5 millim., diam. 2.25.</p>
            <p> Some of the specimens named T. cingulatus, A. Ad., by Mr. Sowerby (Marine Shells of S. Africa, p. 36), belong to the present species. None of them agree with  Adams’ species, which was described from the Red Sea, and has strong longitudinal sculpture between the spirals. </p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>Small shell, slender, brownish, with four spiral cords; the uppermost row larger than the others, almost flat, the others rather similarly rounded; about 18 whorls, nearly flat, the last with seven weakly granulated cords crossed by growth lines near the aperture; small subquadrate aperture, anteriorly with a very short oblique sinus; thin lip, posteriorly indented near the suture, in the middle lightly flared, with faint marginal crenulations.</p>
            <p>Height 11.5 mm, diameter 2.25 mm.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Syntype NHMUK 1903.12.19.1087 (Fig. 86A-E) 9.1 mm high. Very slender shell, slightly cyrtoconoid. Teleoconch of 14 flat whorls bearing four thick flat spiral cords made up of coalescent tubercles. A fifth thin smooth cord is visible between the second and the third on the last few whorls but never attains full size. A thin smooth cord is also visible suprasuturally. Base with three additional cords similar in appearance to those on the whorls. Peristome with a deep posterior sinus. Siphonal canal short. Protoconch paucispiral with a large smooth first whorl followed by two whorls with three smooth spiral cords. Transition with teleoconch poorly marked. Teleoconch orange to brown; protoconch white.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8A07C625140754CACD1DCF82EAA4DC25	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
7D7F892FEC4146B579CED2E3F523FCE4.text	7D7F892FEC4146B579CED2E3F523FCE4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trifora fuscomaculata E. A. Smith 1904	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Trifora fuscomaculata E.A. Smith, 1904</p>
            <p>Figure 87</p>
            <p> Trifora fuscomaculata E.A. Smith 1904: 37, pl. 3, figs 7, 8. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>"Port Alfred, Cape Colony" (Cape of Good Hope, South Africa).</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Lectotype: NHMUK 1903.12.19.1078, here designated. Paralectotype: NHMUK 1903.12.19.1079, 1 specimen, Port Alfred, South Africa . </p>
            <p>Additional material.</p>
            <p> Triphora  sp. (  T. fuscomaculata var. of E.A. Smith, but not conspecific), NHMUK 1903.12.19.1080-1083, 4 specimens,  Port Alfred , South Africa  . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Testa elongata, gracilis, alba, fusco irregulariter maculata; anfractus circiter 20 planiusculi, lente accrescentes, quadricingulati, cingulis tuberculatis, duobus medianis aliis majoribus, longitudinaliter sulcati, subcancellati, ultimus infra peripheriam cingulis tribus haud granosis ornatus; apertura rotunde quadrata, antice breviter oblique canaliculata; columella supra arcuata, callo tenui induta.</p>
            <p>Longit. 17 millim., diam. 3.5.</p>
            <p>Var. (Pl. iii, fig. 8) Testa angustior, minor, cingulis tribus, superioribus aequalibus, distinctius et confertim tuberculatis.</p>
            <p>Longit. 15 millim., diam. 3</p>
            <p>The typical form is more distinctly blotched with brown than the variety.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>Elongated shell, slender, white, with irregular brown spots; about 20 nearly flat whorls, growing slowly, with four tuberculated cords, the two in the middle larger than others, longitudinally grooved, subcancellated, the last with three granulated cords under its periphery; aperture subquadrate, anteriorly with a very short oblique sinus; columella superiorly arched covered by a thin callus.</p>
            <p>Height 17 mm, diameter 3.5 mm.</p>
            <p>Variety in pl. iii, fig. 8, shell more slender, smaller, with three cords. The uppermost of the same size, clearly tightly tuberculated.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Lectotype 14.4 mm high. Shell conical with flat sides and obsolete sutures. The lectotype lacks the apical part. The remaining teleoconch has 12 whorls bearing four thin spiral cords with faint tubercles at the intersection with faint prosocline axial ribs. Numerous fine spiral striae are visible in the wide interspaces. Peristome badly damaged. Periphery angulated at the base, which bears four additional weakly sculptured spiral cords. Siphonal canal damaged but apparently short. Protoconch missing. Teleoconch white with orange blotches.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> In the box of this lot there is a capsule with two specimens of  T. fuscomaculata s.s. and a second capsule with four specimens of a variety that E.A. Smith cited but not fully described in his work (1904). These four shells (Fig. 87K-N) have well-defined tubercles and an impressed suture which qualify them as a distinct species. Therefore, we have designated a lectotype which closely matches the original figure to stabilize the nomenclature. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7D7F892FEC4146B579CED2E3F523FCE4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
40F6E5BB00A6215662B0922F50754919.text	40F6E5BB00A6215662B0922F50754919.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trifora shepstonensis E. A. Smith 1906	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Trifora shepstonensis E.A. Smith, 1906</p>
            <p>Figure 91</p>
            <p> Trifora shepstonensis E.A. Smith 1906: 43-44, pl. 7, figs 12, 12a. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Port Shepstone, Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Lectotype: NHMUK 1906.6.23.11, here designated. Paralectotype: NHMUK 1906.6.23.12 . </p>
            <p>Additional material.</p>
            <p> Triphora  sp. (not  Trifora shepstonensis ), NHMUK 1927.2.9.323-325, 3 specimens,  Port Alfred , South Africa (coll. Turton)  . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Testa elongata, subulata, fuscescens; anfractus circiter 15, plani, tricingulati, cingulis plus minus moniliformibus, mediani caeteris minori, in sulcis liris longitudinalibus decussati, ultimus liris 5 ornatus; apertura parva, albida; labrum tenue interdum productum, columellam antice attingens; columella supra arcuata, callo crassiusculo reflexo induta; canalis brevis, obliquus, recurvus. Longit. 10 mm., diam. 2.5.</p>
            <p>Hab.- Port Shepstone (Burnup).</p>
            <p>The spiral ridges are crossed by oblique shallow sulci so as to produce a somewhat beaded appearance.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>Elongated shell, subulate, brownish; about 15 flat whorls, with three cords more or less moniliform, the intermediate less than the others, crossed by longitudinal striae inside the cord interspaces, last whorl with 5 cords. Small aperture, white; lip thin sometimes projecting, reaching anteriorly the columella; columella arched above, covered by a rather thick bent callus; anterior siphon short, oblique, curved. Height 10 mm, diameter 2.5 mm.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Lectotype 7.9 mm high. Shell slightly cyrtoconoid. Teleoconch of 11 whorls with three spiral cords bearing coalescent tubercles. A very fine smooth spiral cord is visible suprasuturally. Peristome damaged and repaired in the lectotype. Siphonal canal short. Base with a fifth weakly sculptured spiral cord. The apex is very worn in the lectotype, but based on the very broad first teleoconch whorl, the species may bear a paucispiral protoconch. Teleoconch pinkish with a brown suture.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The date of publication of E.A.  Smith’s (1906) paper follows Trew (1993). The type collection contained also lot NHMUK 1927.2.9.323-325 (Fig. 91I-K) whose specimens lack the typical coalescent tubercles of  T. shepstonensis and certainly belong to a different species. Therefore, we designated a lectotype which closely matches the original figure to stabilize the nomenclature. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/40F6E5BB00A6215662B0922F50754919	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
BC0F771CC1D8AA4681B832AC08BB684F.text	BC0F771CC1D8AA4681B832AC08BB684F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triforis (Ino) excelsior Melvill & Standen 1899	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triforis (Ino) excelsior Melvill &amp; Standen, 1899</p>
            <p>Figure 70</p>
            <p> Triforis (Ino) excelsior Melvill and Standen 1899: 166, pl. 10, fig. 5. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Torres Strait.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes: NHMUK 1899.2.23.18, 1 specimen, Torres Strait. Syntypes: NMW 1955.158.204, 1 specimen, Torres Strait and MSIM, 4 specimens, Torres Strait (fide Trew 1987; not seen) . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p> T. testa producta, multum attenuata, angusta, brunnea, hic illic rufo-maculata; anfractibus quinque- vel sex-et-viginti, tornatis, apud suturas elevatis, transversim arcte tricarinatis, laevibus; carina infra, juxta suturas, minore, duabus alteris magis conspicuis,  interstitiâ interveniente planata, ultimo anfractu quadricarinato, carina bina ad peripheriam addita; apertura rotunda, parva, canali breviter recurvirostri, in uno specimine pone aperturam ipsam clausa. Long. 30, lat. 5 (sp. maj.) mm. </p>
            <p>Four or five, mostly imperfect, examples. The form is much acuminate and attenuate, narrow; colour light brown, here and there indistinctly flecked with rufous spotting; whorls 25 or 26, tornate, smooth, elevated at the sutures, closely thrice-keeled transversely, the keel just below the sutures is smaller and less conspicuous than the two lower, the last whorl is four-keeled, there being two on the periphery; the aperture is roundish, small; in one (the most perfect) specimen the recurved and beaked canal is closed with shelly matter behind the aperture.</p>
            <p>The only species to which, in size, this very conspicuous Triforis could be referred is T. gigas, Hinds, also occurring in the same localities. The sculpture, as seen by the above description, is however totally different, being smooth, with no interstitial pitting or gemmuled ribs of any kind. Owing to no one specimen being in a state of absolute perfection, we have been compelled to estimate the number of whorls and the dimensions generally with the aid of two or more examples, each complete in some one particular.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>Much acuminate and slender narrow shell, brown in colour with reddish spots; twenty-five or twenty-six elegant whorls, elevated at the sutures, with three spiral keels; the keel just below the suture is smaller and less conspicuous than the other two, interspaces flat; the last whorl is four-keeled, a double keel is present at the periphery; the aperture is roundish, small; the bent and beaked anterior siphonal canal in one specimen is closed with shelly matter behind the aperture. The largest specimen is 30 mm high and 5 mm wide.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Syntype 24 mm high. Shell narrowly pyramidal, very slender with 22 whorls bearing three smooth spiral cords, the second being smaller than the others. A fourth smooth suprasutural spiral cord is visible. Between the main cords, there are prosocline axial riblets. The peristome is a bit broken in the syntype, but clearly bears additional spiral cords. Base with a fifth smooth spira cord. Siphonal canal long. Apex missing. Teleoconch whitish with few small brown blotches.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BC0F771CC1D8AA4681B832AC08BB684F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
314B88C5358128400DFBDFF6C9CE12CD.text	314B88C5358128400DFBDFF6C9CE12CD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triforis aspera Jeffreys 1885	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triforis aspera Jeffreys, 1885</p>
            <p>Figure 42</p>
            <p> Triforis aspera Jeffreys 1885: 58-59, pl. VI, figs 7, 7a. </p>
            <p>Original localities.</p>
            <p> Porcupine Expedition 1870: off western Portugal, station 16 (994 fathoms, 39°55'N, 9°56'W); off south-western Portugal: station 24 (292 fathoms, 37°19'N, 9°13'W); Gulf of  Cádiz : stations 27 (322 fathoms, 36°37'N, 7°33'W), 28 (304 fathoms, 36°29'N, 7°16'W), 28a (286 fathoms, 36°27'N, 6°54'W), 29 (227 fathoms, 36°20'N, 6°47'W) and 30 (386 fathoms, 36°15'N, 6°52'W); the Adventure Bank in the Sicily Channel. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes: NHMUK 1885.11.5.2673, 1 specimen, Porcupine Expedition; NHMUK 1885.11.5.2674, 1 fragment, Porcupine Expedition station 16 (fide modern label) ;  NHMUK 1885.11.5.3934-5, 2 fragments, Adventure Bank; NHMUK 1885.11.5.3936, 1 specimen glued on cardboard, Porcupine Expedition, "Coast of Spain " (from original label) ;   NHMUK 1885.11.5.3937-8, 2 specimens (but one is not  T. aspera , see remarks), Porcupine Expedition,  “Atlantic” (from original label)  ;  NHMUK 1985008, 32 fragments or juveniles, Porcupine Expedition, Adventure Bank 92 fathoms (fide modern label) (coll. E.R. Sykes). Additional syntypes USNM 87324, not seen . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Shell elongated, rather solid, nearly opaque and glossy: sculpture, rows or bands of small tubercles (18-20 on the last or bottom row), which arise from the mutual intercrossing of longitudinal and spiral striae; of these rows there are usually three on the last whorl above the periphery, and the same number on several of the succeeding whorls and afterwards two only; each of the apical whorls (3 or 4) is closely striated lengthwise and encircled by two spiral lines; the periphery is defined by a rather strong ridge, a little below which is another ridge, besides a shorter and smaller one at the base; the tubercles which compose the lower two rows are larger and more prominent than those of the uppermost or third row: colour pale yellowish, with a faint tinge of brown; apical whorls dark brown: spire tapering to a fine point; apex pinched-in and narrower than the rest of the spire: whorls 21-22, compressed, gradually enlarging; the last equals only from 1/5 to 1/6 of the shell: suture slight, indicated by the uppermost spiral row: mouth rhomboidal; and all other characters similar to those of T. perversa. L. 0"6, B. 0'15.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>The two adult specimens among the syntypes are 13.7 and 15.1 mm. Shell conical with 18 teleoconch whorls bearing three spiral cords with spiny tubercles at the intersection with orthocline axial ribs. A fourth and a fifth smooth cord are present on the base, and the fourth is already visible on the spire as a suprasutural cord. Numerous fine spiral threads adorn the whorls between the main cords and fine growth lines are also visible. Siphonal canal short. Protoconch multispiral of 4.5 whorls; the last three bearing two strong spiral keels and axial riblets whereas the first are too worn for description. Teleoconch brown with lighter tubercles and whitish first three whorls; protoconch orange-brown.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Specimen NHMUK 1885.11.5.2673 (Fig. 42A-C) is likely the one used for the original figure because it is the only adult specimen with complete protoconch known and because of an annotation on the original label. Bouchet and Guillemot (1978) proposed the nomen novum  Triphora brychia because of omonymy with  Triforis asper Deshayes, 1864, which is a fossil species from the Paris Basin (Le Renard and Pacaud 1995; Le Renard 1995). Lot NHMUK 1885.11.5.3937-8 contains an adult specimen which is not  T. aspera , as already noted by  Warén (1980): it is broader, with more numerous axial ribs and with the first tubercled spiral cord clearly visible only from mid-teleoconch (Fig. 42I). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/314B88C5358128400DFBDFF6C9CE12CD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
330528EF8113496625004E95A7EA43E5.text	330528EF8113496625004E95A7EA43E5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triforis atlantica E. A. Smith 1890	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triforis atlantica E.A. Smith, 1890</p>
            <p>Figure 80</p>
            <p> Triforis atlantica Smith 1890: 292, pl. 21, fig. 26. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Saint Helena.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>  Lectotype: NHMUK 1889.10.1.1374, designated by  Rolán and  Fernández-Garcés 2008).  Paralectotypes: NHMUK 1889.10.1.1375-93, 18 specimens (two gold coated) . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Testa haud perelongata, alba, livido-fusco inferne zonata; anfractus 13, anguste turriti, supremi minute cancellati, cateri plani, granulorum seriebus duobus vel tribus cincti, ultimus seriebus quinque, infima minus tuberculata, ornatus; cauda brevis, carina valida instructa, fuscescens; apertura obliqua, ovata, superne canaliculata; peristoma superne leviter incisum, inferne columellae callo crasso junctum.</p>
            <p>Longit. 6 millim., diam. 2</p>
            <p>The outlines of this species are a little convex. Only the penultimate and antepenultimate whorls have three distinct rows of granules, and of those the central one is the smallest. The granules of the lowermost series, or rather the interstices between them, are brown and the uppermost series is white.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>Not very elongated shell, white, inferiorly with a dark brown zone; 13 whorls narrowly turreted, the uppermost minutely cancellated, the other flat with two or three rows of granules, five on the last with the lowest sligtly tuberculated; anterior siphon short, with a strong brownish carina; oblique aperture, ovate, canaliculated above; slightly incised peristome in its upper part, joined below with the large columellar callus.</p>
            <p>Height 6 mm, diameter 2 mm.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Lectotype 4.5 mm high. Shell conical, with flat sides. Teleoconch of nine whorls (but apex missing) with two main spiral cords with tubercles at the intersection with prosocline axial ribs; a third cord develops in between at mid-shell height and attains full size only on the last whorl. Peristome broken and regrown in the lectotype; siphonal canal short. Base with two additional weakly tubercled cords and a smooth third. Protoconch absent in the lectotype, but reported to be multispiral (  Rolán and  Fernández-Garcés 2008). The first teleoconch whorls are white; the following with a white first and brown second spiral cord (with lighter tubercles). Base brown. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Rolán and  Fernández-Garcés (2008) erroneously reported the inventory numbers as 1889.10.1.1874-93. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/330528EF8113496625004E95A7EA43E5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
49C1729DC292D773FD3ED1B50523EBEF.text	49C1729DC292D773FD3ED1B50523EBEF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triforis bathyraphe E. A. Smith 1890	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triforis bathyraphe E.A. Smith, 1890</p>
            <p>Figure 81</p>
            <p> Triforis bathyraphe Smith 1890: 292, pl. 24, fig. 4. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Saint Helena.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes: NHMUK 1889.10.1.1413: 1 specimen, Saint Helena . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p> Testa haud perelongata, albida vel pallide fusca; anfractus 11, convexiusculi, sutura profunda sejuncti, liris spiralibus tribus subaequalibus, lirisque longitudinalibus circiter 26 granose cancellati; anfr. ultimus liris sexcinctus; apertura rotunde ovata; labrum tenue, superne ad suturam anguste sinuatum, inferne columellae junctum; cauda brevis, leviter recurva. Longit. 5  ¾ millim., diam. 2. </p>
            <p>This species is peculiar on account of the deep suture and the distinct cancellation of the surface. The whorls, too, are convex, so that the central row of granules are most prominent. It is a much stouter shell than T. recta and has a different aperture.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>Not very elongated shell, white or pale dark; 11 slightly convex whorls, separated by a deep suture, with three almost equal spiral cords and about 26 longitudinal tuberculated cancellate lirae; last whorl with six rows; roundish ovate aperture; thin lip with a posterior sinus at the suture, joined with columella on the underside; short slightly recurved anterior siphon.</p>
            <p> Height  5¾ , diameter 2 mm. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Syntype 5 mm high. Shell conical with seven slightly convex whorls. The teleoconch with three spiral cords with tubercles at the intersection with almost orthocline axial ribs. A fourth suprasutural smooth cord is visible on the lower whorls. Peristome with no additional spiral cords and an indented posterior canal. Siphonal canal of moderate length. The fourth spiral cord becomes tuberculated on the base which bears two additional weakly tubercled cords. Protoconch apparently paucispiral of two whorls but too worn to observe the sculpture. Shell yellowish.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/49C1729DC292D773FD3ED1B50523EBEF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
643DCD2499EF9C3AB6F5689D8359D04E.text	643DCD2499EF9C3AB6F5689D8359D04E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triforis dolicha Watson 1886	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triforis dolicha Watson, 1886</p>
            <p>Figure 114</p>
            <p> Triforis dolicha Watson (1886): 565-566, pl. XLII, fig. 1. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>"Lat. 9°59'S, long. 139°42'E West of Cape York, North-east Australia"</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes: NHMUK 1887.2.9.1767: 1 specimen, type locality . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Station 188. September 10, 1874. Lat. 9°59'S., long. 139°42'E. West of Cape York, North-east Australia. 28 fathoms. Green mud.</p>
            <p> Shell.- Long and narrow, conical, pale, spotted with brown, with three rows of fine tubercles on the later whorls and two on the earlier, a furrowed suture, a small regularly tapering apex, and a square barely produced base. Sculpture: Longitudinals-there are on each whorl about 16 riblets, which originate at the upper row of tubercles, and swell down to the lower; they are parted from each other by little shallow pits, and they but feebly and doubtfully run down the spire, being not quite coincident in the adjoining whorls, and being parted by the sutural furrow; near the outer lip the riblets subside into continuous bars, which are prolonged to the base. Spirals-on the last four whorls there are three, on the earlier two, rows of tubercles set upon the longitudinals, and slightly connected in each row by a fine thread; round the angle of the base runs a sharp rounded thread; at the top of the pillar is another finer; on the pillar itself there are two folds. Colour pale brownish, with darker stains. Spire high and narrow, conical. Apex conical, consisting of five rather sharply angulated and carinated whorls, which are ornamented by minute not quite regular longitudinal bars; the extreme tip is small, rounded, quite smooth, polished, and not very prominent, but rather spread out than immersed. Whorls: there are  11½ regular whorls, which are short and of very gradual increase; the edge of the base is bevelled off, but the base itself is flat, with a slight hollowing in the middle. Suture furrowed, but in itself invisible, rather oblique. Mouth somewhat squarely rounded, small, bluntly pointed above. Outer lip is very thin and sharp; has at its insertion a small deep rounded sinus, below which it advances very much into a scoop-like form on the base, and is on the right sharply bent in upon the pillar, the forward edge of which it inwraps. Pillar very short indeed; its point is twisted, and very sharply bent to the right, infolding the generic canal. Inner lip concave, very short, with a thickened edge; there is a minute nick at its junction, with the outer lip on the pillar. H. 0.184 in. B. 0.048. Mouth, height 0.027, breadth 0.022. Apex, height 0.018, breadth 0.013. </p>
            <p>This species is not at all unlike the smaller forms of Triforis perversa (Linne), of Europe; but, besides very many minute points of distinction, the base is squarer, with two not three threads, the labral sinus is much deeper, the mouth is rounder, the basal lip more produced, and the pillar tip more bent and elongated; the sutural furrow, too, is deeper, wider, and less oblique, and while the apex is slightly broader, the extreme tip is a very little smaller.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Syntype 4.3 mm high. Shell slightly cyrtoconoid with flat whorls. Teleoconch of 11 whorls with three spiral cords, the second as a narrow thread until the last whorl, with tubercles at the intersection with the prosocline axial ribs. A fourth smooth suprasutural cord is visible in the second half of the shell. Numerous prosocline growth lines are visible in the interspaces between the cords. Peristome with a shallow posterior sinus and additional spiral cords. Siphonal canal long. Base rather flat and concave with two additional smooth spiral cords. Protoconch incomplete in the syntype, but clearly multispiral with at least four whorls. The last three bear a single strong spiral keel and axial riblets. Teleoconch apparently whitish, but the syntype is worn; the "darker stains" described by Watson may be again due to taphonomic damage. Protoconch light brown.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/643DCD2499EF9C3AB6F5689D8359D04E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
A136E1BE28B92FFF81564E772A58AC03.text	A136E1BE28B92FFF81564E772A58AC03.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triforis gracilior E. A. Smith 1903	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triforis gracilior E.A. Smith, 1903</p>
            <p>Figure 88</p>
            <p> Triforis gracilior E.A. Smith 1903: 614, pl. 35, figs 18, 19. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>S. Nilandu Atoll, 1-36 fathoms, Maldives.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes: NHMUK 1903.9.17.16: 1 specimen, Maldive Islands . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Testa T. excellenti similis, sed gracilior, cingulis duobus inferioribus subundulatis, alba, hic illic fusco maculata.</p>
            <p> Longit. 28 mm., diam.  5½ . </p>
            <p>Like T. excellens, this species has three keels upon each whorl, but they are not so equal, the uppermost being a trifle more slender than the others. The latter also are slightly affected by faint longitudinal depressions giving them an obscurely beaded appearance. The body-whorl is bicarinate at the periphery and has three or four lirae beneath. As in the preceding species, the space between the second and third keel is a little broader than that which separates the first and second, and the suture is filo-lirate.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p> Shell similar to  T. excellens , but more slender, the two lower cords are slightly undulated, white with irregular brown spots. </p>
            <p> Height 28 mm, diameter  5½ . </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Syntype 29.4 mm high. Shell conical, very elongated; apical part missing. The remaining teleoconch has 23 whorls bearing two main thin weakly tubercled spiral cords; two more thin ones are visible sub- and suprasuturally. Base with three additional faint spiral cords. Peristome with a shallow posterior sinus. Siphonal canal slightly elongated. Protoconch missing. Teleoconch white with narrow orange vertical flecks.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The general appearance and sculpture is very similar to  T. smithi G.B. Sowerby III, 1904, although the latter lacks the orange flecks observable in  T. gracilior . E.A. Smith (1916) suggested that  T. smithi is a synonym of  T. gracilior . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A136E1BE28B92FFF81564E772A58AC03	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
B7E72222555DDAC45615FE960BF6B15B.text	B7E72222555DDAC45615FE960BF6B15B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triforis idoneus Melvill & Standen 1901	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triforis idoneus Melvill &amp; Standen, 1901</p>
            <p>Figure 71</p>
            <p> Triforis idoneus Melvill and Standen 1901: 376, pl. 22, fig. 17. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Linjah Anchorage (Iran).</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes: NHMUK 1901.12.9.219, 1 specimen, Linjah, Iran . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p> T. testa anguste fusiformi, solida, calcareo-alba; anfractibus forsan quatuordecim, quorum apicales  … ?, caeteris (undecim) omnino regulariter spiraliter triseriatis, cancellatis, suturaliter impressis, ad juncturas nodulifero-gemmatis, nodulis regularibus, rectis, ultimo anfractu serie quarta praedito; apertura ovata; columella crassa; canali brevi, paullulum recurvo. </p>
            <p>Long. 10, lat. 2.50 mm.</p>
            <p>Hab. Linjah Anchorage, 5 fathoms.</p>
            <p>This Triforis, distinguished by its uniform chalky whiteness and regular rows of gemmuled cancellations, coarse, uniform, three-ranked on all the upper whorls, four on the body-whorl, is of a graceful shape and fairly sized. It is unfortunate that all the specimens we have examined are without the apical whorls.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p> Narrow fusiform shell, solid, chalky white; probably fourteen whorls, apical  … ?, others (eleven) with three regular spiral cords, cancellated and impressed sutures, noduliferous in their junction, straight regular nodules, last whorl with four rows; ovate aperture; thick columella; slightly recurved short anterior siphonal canal. </p>
            <p>Height 10 mm, width 2.50 mm.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Syntype 10.4 mm high. Shell conical, with 13 whorls bearing three spiral cords with tubercles at the intersection with orthocline axial ribs. The second cord appears later on the teleoconch and attains full size only on the penultimate whorl. A thin smooth suprasutural spiral cord is also visible and attains full size on the base which has a fifth smooth spiral cord too. The peristome is missing, the siphonal canal appears moderately long. The protoconch is missing. The shell is whitish to yellowish but is very worn and colours may have faded away.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p>The original description refers to several specimens found, of which only this one has been located so far. The study of more syntypes would be precious to unambiguously identify this species: Melvill and Standen described "three-ranked on all the upper whorls", but the syntype has the second spiral cord developing later along the teleoconch.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B7E72222555DDAC45615FE960BF6B15B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
09D99A9A81746C92DBC49FAD665C973C.text	09D99A9A81746C92DBC49FAD665C973C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triforis lilaceocinctus E. A. Smith 1903	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triforis lilaceocinctus E.A. Smith, 1903</p>
            <p>Figure 89</p>
            <p> Triforis lilaceocinctus E.A. Smith 1903: 613, pl. 35, fig. 15. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Miladumadulu Atoll, 3-28 fathoms, Maldives.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes: NHMUK 1903.9.17.13: 1 specimen, Maldive Islands . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Testa elongato-pupoidea, supra acuminata, granulis flavescentibus et albis, lirata, inter granula rufo punctata; anfractus circiter 15, superiores liris duabus granosis aequalibus instructi, pauci anteriores lira graciliore mediana, dilute lilacea, vix granulata ornata, sutura lineari sejuncti, microscopice spiraliter striati, ultimus circa basim lilaceus, liris aliis tribus nodulosis, rufo punctatis, instructus; apertura obliqua, piriformis; canalis parvus, dextrorsus, semiclausus.</p>
            <p> Longit.  10½ ., diam.  3½ . </p>
            <p>A general glance at this pretty species gives the impression that the whorls have each two adjacent rows of large granules. Such however is not the case. It is the lower row in one whorl being adjacent to the upper one in another (the linear suture being between) that gives this appearance, the unspotted and more slender median lirae also lending to the effect. This lira gradually dies out as it ascends the spire, so that the upper whorls have only two rows of equal sized granules. This species also occurs at the Mauritius (Brit. Mus.).</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>Shell pupoid-elongate, pointed at the top, yellowish and white tuberculated cords, spotted with red among tubercles; about 15 whorls: the upper ones with two equal tuberculated cords; a few lower ones with a median thin cord, lightly lilac and barely granose, separated by a linear suture, microscopically spirally striated; the last lilac near the base, which has three additional nodose cords, spotted by red; oblique aperture, pyriform; small anterior siphon, dextral, semiclosed.</p>
            <p> Length  10½ , diameter  3½ . </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Syntype 7.8 mm high. Shell cyrtoconoid, apex missing in the syntype. Teleoconch with 11 flat whorls with two main spiral cords bearing tubercles at the intersection with orthocline axial ribs. Another spiral cord develops at mid shell height in the wide interspace between the main two, but remains much thinner than the others. An additional fourth narrow smooth cord is visible suprasuturally. The interspaces are filled by numerous thin spiral and axial threads giving a cancellate microsculpture until the penultimate whorl, where the axial sculpture fades away. Peristome with one additional spiral cord and a deep posterior sinus. Siphonal canal long. Base showing a fifth and sixth weakly sculptured spiral cords. Protoconch missing. Teleoconch white to pink with the main spiral cordswith orange blocks with interspaces between tubercles usually darker.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/09D99A9A81746C92DBC49FAD665C973C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
DECD74144D492CE6FE1685F2F11D69D1.text	DECD74144D492CE6FE1685F2F11D69D1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triforis picturatus G. B. Sowerby III 1901	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triforis picturatus G.B. Sowerby III, 1901</p>
            <p>Figure 96</p>
            <p> Triforis picturatus G.B. Sowerby III 1901: 210, pl. 22, fig. 11. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Cebu, Philippines.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes: NHMUK 1901.10.3.89-90: 2 specimens, Cebu Island, Philippines . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Testa sinistrorsa, elongata, gracilis, albida, nigro-fusco maculata, ad apicem fusca; anfr. 18, planati, vix concavi, liris tribus acutiusculis cincti, inferne angulati ad angulum pustulati, pustulis albidis fusco interpunctatis; anfractus ultimus breviculus, biangulatus, ad basim vix concavus, rostro fusco oblique dextrorsus reflexo instructus; apertura parva, subquadrata; labrum tenue, serratum. Long. 9, diam. 2.5 mm.</p>
            <p>A pretty species, neatly sculptured and nodule, streaked and spotted with blackish brown; with a brown tubular rostrum placed obliquely away from the aperture, on the right hand side of the shell.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>Elongate sinistral slender shell, white with blackish-brown spots and dark apex; 18 flat, barely concave whorls with three sharp spiral lirae, angulated and pustulated anteriorly with alternating dark-brown and white pustules; last whorl short, biangulated, barely concave, dark siphonal canal placed obliquely right from aperture; small subquadrate aperture; light serrated external lip. Length 9, diameter 2.5 mm.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Syntypes 7.6 and 9.4 mm high. Conical shell with flat whorls. Teleoconch of 12 whorls with three spiral narrow cords that bear oblong tubercles in the first whorls. Such tubercles soon become a continuous weakly ondulated spiral cord. A fourth smooth cord is barely visible suprasuturally. Between the main cords, many fine spiral and axial threads are visible. Peristome rebuilt after breakage in one syntype and incomplete in the other but it apparently bears additional spiral cords and a shallow posterior sinus. Base with two additional undulate spiral cords and foliaceous axial riblets. Siphonal canal large and moderately long. Protoconch missing. Teleoconch brown with white blotches and tubercles. Base brown. Operculum horny, thin, ovate, paucispiral of about 2 whorls, nucleus a little eccentric, periphery thinner and only very little upturned.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Syntype NHMUK 1901.10.3.89 was collected live and contains the dried animal inside. The operculum was extracted and photographed . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DECD74144D492CE6FE1685F2F11D69D1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
7BA86D73EB1D061ECFE5174F170064E6.text	7BA86D73EB1D061ECFE5174F170064E6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triforis pura E. A. Smith 1903	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triforis pura E.A. Smith, 1903</p>
            <p>Figure 90</p>
            <p> Triforis pura E.A. Smith 1903: 614, pl. 35, figs 20, 21. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Mahlos Atoll, 4-24 fathoms, Maldives.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes: NHMUK 1903.9.17.14: 1 specimen (glued on paper), Maldive Islands . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Testa elongata, alba, clathrata, granulata; anfractus circiter 20, fere plani, costis spiralibus tribus granosis inaequalibus (costa mediana minima) cincti, inter costas longitudinaliter costati, ultimus costis senis (prope labrum duabus intercalatis) ornatus; canalis dextrorsus, clausus, laevis; apertura irregulariter ovata, obliqua; labrum antice prominens, postice recedens; columella callo crassiusculo reflexo induta.</p>
            <p>Longit. 14 mm., diam. 3.</p>
            <p>Of the three spirals the uppermost is a little stouter than the lowermost and the central one is rather finer than the latter. The granules form oblique rows of three, being connected by the longitudinal costae. The suture is thread-like.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>Elongated shell, white, cancellated, granose; about 20 whorls, nearly flat, encircled by three unequal tuberculated spiral rows (the intermediate the least), ribbed longitudinally among the rows, the last whorl with six cords (with two additional ones near the lip); anterior siphon dextral, closed, slender; aperture irregularly ovate, oblique; lip anteriorly projecting, posteriorly retracting; columella covered by a rather thick bent callus.</p>
            <p>Height 14 mm, diameter 3 mm.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Syntype 14.1 mm high. Shell slightly cyrtoconoid, syntype without the apex. Teleoconch of minimum 13 flat whorls with three spiral cords with faint tubercles at the intersections with prosocline axial ribs; the first cord is remarkably thicker than the other two. A fourth smooth suprasutural cord is easily visible. Peristome with an additional spiral cord and a shallow posterior sinus. Base with two weakly tubercled spiral cords and an additional narrow one between the fourth and the fifth. Siphonal canal long. Protoconch missing. Teleoconch pure white.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7BA86D73EB1D061ECFE5174F170064E6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
CF4A6118D966661E3277F78DA61BDCFF.text	CF4A6118D966661E3277F78DA61BDCFF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triforis rufula Watson 1886	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triforis rufula Watson, 1886</p>
            <p>Figure 117</p>
            <p> Triforis rufula Watson (1886): 566-567, pl. XLII, fig. 2. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>"Lat. 10°30'S, long. 142°18'E. Off Wednesday Island, Cape York, North-east Australia".</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Lectotype: NHMUK 1887.2.9.1768, here designated. Paralectotypes: NHMUK 1887.2.9.1769-71: 3 specimens (at least one certainly not belonging to this species, see remarks) . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Station 186. September 8, 1874. Lat. 10°30'S., long. 142°18'E. Off Wednesday Island, Cape York, North-east Australia. 8 fathoms. Coral mud.</p>
            <p>Shell.- High, ruddyish, with convexly conical outlines, a slightly convex base, three rows of tubercles on each whorl, a small furrowed suture, and a conical and high apex. Sculpture: Longitudinals-there are on the last whorl about 18 (on the earlier whorls fewer) direct riblets, which run down the spire pretty continuously, and cross the base; the parting furrows are wide open and rounded. Spirals-on each whorl there are three very slightly raised square threads, which swell into strongish tubercles as they cross the riblets; they are parted by squarish somewhat narrower furrows; at the angle of the base, barely within its contraction, is a slightly weaker subtubercled thread; another, weaker and undulated rather than tubercled, occupies the middle of the base; round the top of the pillar is another weaker still. Colour yellow, more or less ruddy. Spire high, very slightly tumid, the lateral outlines being convex. Apex has a small blunt rounded tip, is translucent white and conical, and consists of five short convex whorls, on each of which, above the middle, are two fine flat slightly raised threads; their surface is also scored longitudinally with fine regular bard. Whorls 8, besides those of the apex; they are flat on the sides, of slow and regular increase, and are parted by a strong sutural furrow; the last whorl is little larger than the penultimate, and has a short rounded base. Suture oblique, strongly defined by its furrow, but in itself invisible. Mouth oblique, irregularly four-sided, very acute-angled above at the sinus, and below at the canal. Outer lip thin and sharp, angulated but not sinuated at its insertion; from this point its edge advances all the way to the base of the shell, at the corner of which it turns in a distinct angle, and across which it is prominent; the lip of the canal does not touch the pillar point, so that the round canal is not closed. Pillar short, twisted but very shortly reverted at the point. Inner lip well defined, with a slightly thickened edge, concave. H. 0.192 in. B. 0.057. Mouth, height 0.037, breadth 0.027. Apex, height 0.02, breadth 0.014.</p>
            <p>This species is in a vague way very like a great many others of the genus, but is distinct from any known to me.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Lectotype 4.2 mm high. Shell cyrtoconoid with flat whorls. Teleoconch of eight whorls with three spiral cords well developed from the first whorl onward and bearing tubercles at the intersection with orthocline axial ribs. A fourth smooth suprasutural cord is visible in the lower half of the shell. Growth lines are visible between the cords. Peristome incomplete in the lectotype. Siphonal canal short. On the base, the fourth cord becomes strong and slightly tubercled and two more smooth cords are visible. Protoconch multispiral of at least four whorls, but the first whorls are missing. These whorls bear two spiral keels and axial riblets. Teleoconch brown, protoconch white.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Lot NHMUK 1887.2.9.1768-71 contains four specimens, with one specimen clearly matching the original drawing. Another specimen is obviously not conspecific because it has the second spiral cord developing later along the spire in contrast to  T. rufula in which the three spiral cords are evident throughout the teleoconch. The other two specimens are juveniles and difficult to associate to this taxon due to their state of preservation. A lectotype is designated to stabilise the nomenclature. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF4A6118D966661E3277F78DA61BDCFF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
BAF30B3FB13C6F43333CE2B552F47D77.text	BAF30B3FB13C6F43333CE2B552F47D77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphora (Mastonia) coetiviensis Melvill 1909	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphora (Mastonia) coetiviensis Melvill, 1909</p>
            <p>Figure 66</p>
            <p> Triphora (Mastonia) coetiviensis Melvill 1909: 90, pl. 5, fig. 8. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p> "Coetivy I." (  Coëtivy Island, Seychelles). </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Lectotype: NHMUK 1910.3.17.1 (lectotype selection by inference of holotype by Trew (1987)) . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>T. testa mediocri, compacta, solidula, pupoidea, cinereo-brunnea, versus apicem attenuata; anfractibus ad 14, quorum apicales ipsi duo asperi, albo-vitrei, quatuor his proximis duobus ordinibus tuberculatis, caeteris tribus, ultimo quinque spiraliter instructis, tuberculis rotundis, nitidis, albo-cincreis; apertura fere rotunda, labro crenulato, tenui, brunneo tincto, canali breviter rostrato.</p>
            <p>Long. 13, lat. 4 mm.</p>
            <p>Loc. Coetivy I.</p>
            <p>An ashy-brown little Triphora, evenly spirally tubercled throughout with shining small gemmae, of a compact growth, attenuate towards the apex, otherwise robust; on the upper whorls the spiral rows are alternately straw-coloured and grey, the lower whorls, however, are of a uniform dull grey, the orifice being tinged with brown, as is the shortly beaked canal. From figures and descriptions this species must be near T. funebris Jouss., from New Caledonia, and T. intermedia C.B. Ad., from the Antilles.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>Medium-sized shell, compact, rather solid, pupiform, brown-grey, narrowing towards its apex; up to 14 whorls, the two apical ones pointed, translucent white, the next four with two rows of tubercles, others with three rows and the last with five; bright, ash-white, round tubercles; aperture nearly rounded, crenulated brown thin lip, short bent anterior siphon.</p>
            <p>Length 13 mm, width 4 mm.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Lectotype 10.5 mm high. Shell cyrtoconoid, with at least 12 teleoconch flat whorls that bear three spiral cords with tubercles at the intersection with arched axial ribs, a fourth suprasutural smooth cord is visible. The second spiral cord develops later but it is fully developed after one-third of shell height. Fine spiral threads and growth lines are present among the main elements of the sculpture. The peristome bears additional spiral cords and a shallow posterior sinus. Siphonal canal long; on the base, a fifth tuberculated spiral cord is present. Protoconch missing. Teleoconch colour brown, with pearly tubercles and lighter background on the first spiral cord and on the siphonal canal; very first whorls white.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p>Trew (1987) stated that this specimen is the holotype, but Melvill (1909) did not specify how many specimens he studied, nor we have found other evidence that the species was described on a single specimen.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BAF30B3FB13C6F43333CE2B552F47D77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
C7527A3CF74BA32FDB288133D2983253.text	C7527A3CF74BA32FDB288133D2983253.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphora albovittata subsp. var. var. mamillata Verco 1909	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphora albovittata var. mamillata Verco, 1909</p>
            <p>Figure 109</p>
            <p> Triphora albovittata var. mamillata Verco 1909: 285-286, not illustrated. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Gulf St Vincent, South Australia (fide Marshall 1983, by lectotype designation).</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Lectotype: SAM D.13446 (fide Marshall 1983; not seen, see Remarks) . </p>
            <p>Additional material.</p>
            <p>  NHMUK 1910.3.29.49-51: 3 specimens,  Gulf St Vincent , South Australia  . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Instead of having the elongate four-whorled protoconch of the type, it has a mamillate two-whorled apex. The first whorl is round and smooth, the second has a central carina and subdistant axial bars. Generally the second is swollen and lies somewhat out of the axis of the shell, causing the mamillate form. Rarely the first whorl may be as large as the second. This protoconch seems complete, and not the base of a spiculate protoconch, whose terminal whorls have fallen. The shell varies in shape, being short, broad, and pupaeform, or long, narrow, and elongate-pyramidal.</p>
            <p>Dredged in Gulf St. Vincent, 7 perfect and 7 poor; in 90 fathoms off Cape Jaffa, 2 good; in 150 fathoms off Beachport, 2 poor. Taken on the beach MacDonnell Bay, 1; Gulf St. Vincent, 23, in varying condition; Venus Bay, 2, good.</p>
            <p>The very different protoconch makes me diffident about calling this a variety, inasmuch as the characters of the protoconch are generally regarded as very certain specific diagnostics; but the shells are otherwise indistinguishable.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Marshall (1983) considered this variety a valid taxon:  Obesula mamillata , distinguished by  O. albovittata by its paucispiral protoconch. Verco referred to a type series of multiple specimens in his original description.  Marshall’s (1983) report of the  “holotype” in the SAM should be considered a lectotype designation according to Article 74.6 of the Code (ICZN 1999). </p>
            <p> The specimens in NHMUK represent two strikingly different colour forms: a white form (Fig. 109A, B) and a form with light brownish shell, white first spiral cord and brown base (Fig. 109C, D). Marshall (1983) reported that also  O. albovittata occurs in two colour forms, similar to the ones illustrated here for  O. mamillata and suggested that the only differentiating character between the two species is the protoconch type. </p>
            <p> The NHMUK collection register does not indicate that these are  “Co-types” , although the specimens were part of  Verco’s collection and come from the type locality. Until additional evidence is available, we do not consider these specimens as belonging to the original type series. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C7527A3CF74BA32FDB288133D2983253	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
66ABD71C4213F92CC9D036F46BE1D821.text	66ABD71C4213F92CC9D036F46BE1D821.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphora alexandri Tomlin 1931	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphora alexandri Tomlin, 1931</p>
            <p>Figure 100</p>
            <p> Triphora alexandri Tomlin 1931: 425-426, pl. 33, fig. 3. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Umhlali, Natal, South Africa.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes: NHMUK 1931.7.23.8: 1 specimen, South Africa . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p> Shell with  15½ whorls, whereof  1½ are protoconch-the extreme apex is missing and would probably add one more whorl to protoconch; what is left shows a sharp, central keel with rather distant axial lines. This sculpture gradually develops on the postnuclear whorls into two rows of very regular tubercles, the upper row pale brown and the lower white; the last seven whorls have three rows, of which the upper two are pale brown; the white row throughout is obviously the strongest. Sutures marked by a raised line; periphery with a tubercled keel; base pale brown, with 3 keels encircling the canal; canal reflexed. </p>
            <p>Alt. 8.75 mm.; diam. max. vix 2 mm.</p>
            <p>Hab.-Umhlali (Alexander).</p>
            <p>Readily distinguished by its coloration.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Available syntype 7.4 mm high. Shell cyrtoconoid. Teleoconch of 13 whorls with three spiral cords bearing tubercles at the intersection with prosocline axial ribs. Suture deep. Peristome incomplete without additional spiral cords. Posterior sinus not observable. Siphonal canal long. Base with three narrow, almost smooth spiral cords. Protoconch broken in the available syntype, but its last whorl is present and suggests a multispiral type with one spiral keel and axial riblets. Background teleoconch colour light brown, with lighter tubercles and white third spiral cord and first two teleoconch whorls. The remaining protoconch whorl light brown.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p>The original figure closely matches with this specimen, including also in having the protoconch incomplete. No other type specimens were reported in the NMW (Trew 1990).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/66ABD71C4213F92CC9D036F46BE1D821	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
CAE13B4CA623D2DF1B1760408E840802.text	CAE13B4CA623D2DF1B1760408E840802.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphora apicibulbus Turton 1932	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphora apicibulbus Turton, 1932</p>
            <p>Figure 102</p>
            <p> Triphora apicibulbus Turton 1932: 118, pl. XXV, fig. 863. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Port Alfred, South Africa.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>OUMNH: lost.</p>
            <p>Additional material.</p>
            <p>  NHMUK 1933.9.4.34-36: 3 specimens,  Port Alfred , South Africa (coll. W.H. Turton)  . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p> The shape of the shell is narrowly conic; 1 minute and 2 bulbous nuclear whorls, the remaining 8 very slightly globular. The surface is marked by 3 rows of tubercles on each whorl, and there are 2 basal cords. The colour is white, except the base, which is light brown. The size of the type is 6  × 1.5 mm. The shell grows up to 8 mm, but the larger ones do not show the sculpturing so plainly. Characteristics. Near 860, [Triphora] madria, though wider, with only 2 basal cords. It is wider than 858, [Triphora] innocens. But the brown colour at the base best distinguishes it; and also the very bulbous protoconch, the last nuclear whorl being larger than the succeeding one. This gives it a curious appearance, and I think justifies the name. It is true that [T.] madria has something like it, as noticed by Bartsch, but not nearly so pronounced. I attach two photos, the smaller shell, 4 mm, showing this better than the other. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Height range 5.5-6.1 mm. Shell slightly cyrtoconoid, with flat sides. Teleoconch of ca 10 whorls with three strong spiral cords, all visible since the first whorl, with coalescent tubercles which on the last whorls look like continuous bands. Siphonal canal short. Base with two-three additional smooth spiral cords. Paucispiral protoconch of 1.5 whorls, apparently smooth but the specimens are worn. Shell white in colour.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CAE13B4CA623D2DF1B1760408E840802	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
847BABA2C4CA0F804B15E428281FDC85.text	847BABA2C4CA0F804B15E428281FDC85.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphora armillata Verco 1909	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphora armillata Verco, 1909</p>
            <p>Figure 105</p>
            <p> Triphora armillata Verco 1909: 283-284, pl. XXII, fig. 5. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Gulf St Vincent, South Australia.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Lectotype: SAM D.13448 (fide Marshall 1983; not seen, see Remarks). Paralectotypes: NHMUK 1910.3.29.40-42, 3 specimens, Gulf St Vincent, South Australia . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Shell solid, elongate-conic. Protoconch of 4 whorls, convex, centrally carinate, the fourth with two approximate carinae; crowded fine axial bars, concave forward above the carinae, straight below. Spire-whorls twelve, sloping, the first four with two spiral rows of pearls; in the fifth a lira appears between them, and becomes gradually as large as the others; the tubercles are large, about twenty in a row in the penultimate, joined by short bars transversely, and by narrower axial bars directed obliquely forwards towards the lower suture. Sutural spaces distinct, as wide as a pearl row; in the eighth a supra-sutural thread arises, which grows distinct and slightly tuberculate. Base flatly convex, with the sutural lira, and two basal lirae; the first with valid transversely oval tubercles, joined by very broad axial bands to much lower tubercles in the second, and by vanishing bands to the nearly smooth third lira. Aperture round, pinched at the suture into a sinus, and with a short well recurved canal in front; outer lip thin, simple, slightly reflected at its margin, retrocurrent at the suture, crossing the columella in front and flattened out over the base of the canal, so as to close it here. The outer lip has eight nodulous spirals on its outer surface, viz., three as on the spire, the peripheral and one basal, and three others intercalated on the bodywhorl. Colour, protoconch light-brown, shell white, but for the fifth and sixth whorls which are dark-brown, so as to form a sort of bracelet, whence the name.</p>
            <p>Dim.- Length, 7,9 mm.; breadth, 2,2 mm.</p>
            <p>Locality.- Type, Gulf St. Vincent, dredged in 20 fathoms, with many other good ones; also in 6 and in 15 to 20 fathoms off St. Francis Island, 9 good in each; in 22 fathoms, Investigator Strait, 2 good and 4 poor; in 22 fathoms, outside Backstairs Passage, 3 poor; in 40 fathoms off Beachport, 2 moderate, 3 poor; in 55 fathoms off Cape Borda, 4 poor. Also taken on the beach in Gulf St. Vincent, Venus and Scales Bay, West Coast, and many and good on St. Francis Island. It is a shallow-water species, ranging up to about 40 fathoms.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Verco referred to a type series consisting of multiple specimens in the original description of  T. armillata . Marshall (1983) reported the  “holotype” in SAM, but this should be considered a lectotype designation according to Article 74.6 of the Code (ICZN 1999). The NHMUK collection register reports the type locality and the wording  “Co-types” , which suggests that the accompanying specimens are part of the type series. Because of  Marshall’s lectotype designation, these and all other syntypes are now paralectotypes. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/847BABA2C4CA0F804B15E428281FDC85	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
BFE60CB2470298A46BF7619D22E2D7C6.text	BFE60CB2470298A46BF7619D22E2D7C6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphora burnupi E. A. Smith 1910	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphora burnupi E.A. Smith, 1910</p>
            <p>Figure 82</p>
            <p> Triphora burnupi Smith 1910: 196, pl. 7, fig. 8. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Durban, Natal, South Africa.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes: NHMUK 1911.8.30.10: 1 specimen, Durban, South Africa . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Testa parva, angusta, subulata, albida circa medium anfractuum linea saturate fusca cincta, et inter gemmules supra liras spirales dilute fusco notata; anfractus 17, superiores quatuor fusci, longitudinaliter tenuiter lirati, tertius et quartus circa medium liris spiralibus duo cincti, quintus ad octavus seriebus gemmarum duabus (serie infima majori) instructi, caeteri liris quatuor inaequalibus ornati, lira infra lineam fuscam distincte gemmata; anfr. ultimus ad peripheriam gemmato-carinatus, infra concavus, lira unica instructus; apertura rotunde piriformis; canalis obliquus, recurvus, praeter extremitatem clausus.</p>
            <p>Longit. 7, diam. 1.5 mm.</p>
            <p>Hab. -Durban (H. Burnup).</p>
            <p>Of the four lirae upon the later whorls, that below the brown line is the most conspicuous and most distinctly gemmate. The lira or thread above the brown line is the most slender and faintly gemmate, and the lira above that is the least gemmate of all, and exhibits here and there only very faint traces of the light brown dotting which occurs between the gemmules on the other lirae.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>Small, narrow, subulate shell, white with a dark brown line in the middle of the whorls, and marked with light brown between the gemmules on the spiral rows; 17 whorls, upper four brown, slightly lyrate longitudinally, the third and the fourth with two median spiral rows, from the fifth to the eighth two series of gemmules (the lower the greater), other decorated by four unequal lirae, lira under the brown line clearly gemmate; last whorl gemmate-carinated at the periphery, concave at its underside, with only one lira; round pyriform aperture; anterior siphon slanting, curved, closed at its end.</p>
            <p>Height 7 mm, diameter 1.5 mm.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Syntype height 6.5 mm. Shell conical with flat sides. Teleoconch of 12 whorls bearing three main narrow and faintly tubercled spiral cords; a fourth is visible suprasuturally. The first four whorls bear better defined tubercles. Peristome with a quite deep slit-like posterior sinus and additional spiral cords appearing close to the lip. Base angular with a thick smooth spiral cord at the periphery. Siphonal canal long. Protoconch multispiral of probably four whorls but the apical part is worn in the syntype. The last three whorls bear axial riblets; a spiral keel is present on the third last whorl and two on the other whorls. Background colour pinkish-white with a brown mid-whorl band; protoconch brown.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BFE60CB2470298A46BF7619D22E2D7C6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
39C4F397C829FAD1A81BA2B073063883.text	39C4F397C829FAD1A81BA2B073063883.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphora cana Verco 1909	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphora cana Verco, 1909</p>
            <p>Figure 107</p>
            <p> Triphora cana Verco 1909: 289, pl. XXIII, figs 2-4. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>"Gulf St. Vincent" (South Australia).</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Lectotype: SAM D. 13439 (fide Marshall 1983; not seen, see Remarks). Paralectotypes: NHMUK 1910.3.29.43-44: 2 specimens, Gulf St. Vincent, South Australia . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Shell sinistral, solid, of 12 whorls, elongate-conical. Protoconch slightly mamillate, of two whorls; the second the larger, convex, with sigmoid axial bars, 16 in a whorl. Spirewhorls, the first with one nodulous carina, the second with two, the third with three, the last arising between the other two. Whorls sloping, the last three subconvex. Sutural space distinct, with a supra-sutural thread in the last six spaces, remaining nearly smooth. Tubercles close, about 18 in the penultimate, joined transversely and axially (obliquely forwards) by stout bars which lattice the surface. Aperture roundly rhomboidal, scarcely pinched behind. Outer lip slightly retrocurrent towards the suture; basal lip in contact with the erect, solid inner lip, and crossing the columella, where it closes in the short recurved notched, otherwise open canal. Base flatly convex, bounded by the nearly smooth peripheral lira, with a second smooth basal lira and a third encircling the base of the canal. The protoconch and first four spire-whorls are white, the rest light-brown.</p>
            <p>Dim.- Length, 71 mm.; breadth, 2.1 mm.</p>
            <p>Locality. - Type, Gulf St. Vincent, depth unrecorded, with 15 good and 34 moderate examples; 35 fathoms, St. Francis Island, 1 good; 40 fathoms off Beachport, 1 good and 1 poor; 55 fathoms off Cape Borda, 3 good and 5 poor; 62 fathoms off Cape Borda, 1 moderate and 3 poor; 110 fathoms off Beachport, 2 moderate; St. Francis Island beach, 5 good, 1 poor.</p>
            <p>The species varies a great deal -</p>
            <p>1. In colour. The first six whorls may be white, and all the rest a blackish-brown. The first three whorls (including the protoconch) may be dark-brown, and all the rest light-brown, with no white whorls. The three apical whorls may be brown, the next three white, and the rest brown, so connecting the previous shell with the type. The three apical whorls may be brown, and the seven remaining whorls quite white. The infra-sutural pearl row in the coloured portion may be dark-purple or barely tinted, the others brown, or the highest and lowest row may be purple and the central brown.</p>
            <p>2. In shape. In most examples, though not in the type, the posterior pearl row becomes larger than the others, the pearls being greater, and consequently closer, and are somewhat axially elongate. When this is marked the whorl may be wider below the suture than above it, so as to give a more or less gradate appearance to the whorls.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Verco referred to a type series consisting of multiple specimens in the original description. Marshall (1983) reported of the  “holotype” in SAM but this specimen should be considered a lectotype according to Article 74.6 of the Code (ICZN 1999). The label accompanying this lot reports the type locality and the wording  “Co-types” , which suggests that the accompanying specimens indeed belong to the type series. Because of  Marshall’s lectotype designation, these and all other syntypes are now paralectotypes. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/39C4F397C829FAD1A81BA2B073063883	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
F0D2361A910BAB94BA9C74C151A59BE3.text	F0D2361A910BAB94BA9C74C151A59BE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphora chrysolitha Kay 1979	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphora chrysolitha Kay, 1979</p>
            <p>Figure 45</p>
            <p> Triphora chrysolitha Kay 1979: 143-145, fig. 51B, G, H. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Makaha, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype: BPBM 9788. Paratypes: NHMUK 1982275, 5 specimens, Kukuiula, Kauai, Hawaiian Islands. Other paratypes: AMS and USNM (fide Kay 1979; not seen) . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F0D2361A910BAB94BA9C74C151A59BE3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
FF1BDAE2A7DB44B30F7F7B57711986D2.text	FF1BDAE2A7DB44B30F7F7B57711986D2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphora earlei Kay 1979	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphora earlei Kay, 1979</p>
            <p>Figure 46</p>
            <p> Triphora earlei Kay 1979: 145, fig. 52D, E. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Kepuhi Point, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype: BPBM 9794 (not seen, fide Kay 1979). Paratypes: NHMUK 1982255, 4 specimens, Makaha, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands. Other paratypes: AMS and USNM (fide Kay 1979; not seen) . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FF1BDAE2A7DB44B30F7F7B57711986D2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
3E93A4FF22CB0C9D9E8E391945B3AF50.text	3E93A4FF22CB0C9D9E8E391945B3AF50.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphora eupunctata G. B. Sowerby III 1907	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphora eupunctata G.B. Sowerby III, 1907</p>
            <p>Figure 92</p>
            <p> Triphora eupunctata G.B. Sowerby III 1907: 301, pl. 25, fig. 7. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>New Caledonia.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Lectotype: NHMUK 1907.8.28.46, here designated. Paralectotype: NHMUK 1907.8.28.47: 1 specimen, New Caledonia. A third specimen NHMUK 1907.8.28.48 may not belong to this species; see Remarks . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Testa sinistrorsa, elongata, convexiuscula, ad apicem acuminata, pallide rufo-fusca, nitens, fusco seriatim punctate; anfractus 16-17, planati, vix convexi, cingulis 3 eximie gemmiferis, cingula tertia gemmis fusco interpunctatis ornati, sutura canaliculata creno-lirata discreti; ultimus brevis, infra obtuse angulatus, ad basin liris 2 angustis crenulatis munitus; rostrum breve, crassum, obliquum; apertura oblique subquadrata. Long. 10, diam. 2.5 mm.</p>
            <p>Hab.- New Caledonia (Bouge).</p>
            <p>Shell light reddish brown, shining, closely and beautifully beaded in three rows on each whorl, spotted with brown between the beads of the lower rows; the whorls are separated by a channelled suture, in which may be observed a crenulated ridge; the last whorl has two narrow crenulated keels at the base.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>Elongated and rather convex sinistral shell with acuminate apex, shining, light reddish brown spotted with brown; 16-17 strongly convex whorls with three strong beaded rows, with the third row spotted with brown between the beads, channelled suture with a crenulated ridge; last whorl obtusely angulated and with two narrow crenulated keels at the base; siphonal canal short, large, deviate; subquadrate, oblique peristome. Length 10, diameter 2.5 mm.</p>
            <p>Locality: New Caledonia (Bouge)</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Lectotype height 7.6 mm. Shell slightly cyrtoconoid with flat whorls. Teleoconch of 12 whorls with three spiral cords with tubercles at the intersection with orthocline axial ribs. The second cord starts on the fifth whorl as a fine thread and is fully developed on the last three whorls only. A fourth smooth suprasutural cord is visible as well as very fine spiral and faint axial threads in interspaces. An additional spiral cord runs on the peristome between the second and the third. Siphonal canal short. The base has one additional weakly granulated spiral cord and an obsolete one running on the siphonal canal. Protoconch missing in the type series. Background colour yellowish to light brown; the third spiral cord bears a characteristic colouration of white tubercles and brown interspaces.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p>The lot NHMUK 1907.8.28.46-48 contains three specimens: the lectotype (1907.8.28.46) and the paralectotype (1907.8.28.47), here designated, and a third specimen (1907.8.28.48) very similar in overall shape and sculpture, but with a thin brown line on the third spiral cord rather than white tubercles with brown interspaces. It is unclear if this difference has relevance to discriminate between species, but because Sowerby clearly specified the presence of brown spots between the tubercles rather than a continuous line, we have selected a lectotype fitting the original description to stabilize the nomenclature.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3E93A4FF22CB0C9D9E8E391945B3AF50	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
6177667BB1B0317354C0802BB1C1212D.text	6177667BB1B0317354C0802BB1C1212D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphora fuscoapicata G. B. Sowerby III 1907	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphora fuscoapicata G.B. Sowerby III, 1907</p>
            <p>Figure 93</p>
            <p> Triphora fuscoapicata G.B. Sowerby III 1907: 301, pl. 25, fig. 9. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Cebu Island, Philippines.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes: NHMUK 1907.8.28.38-40: 3 specimens, Cebu Island, Philippines . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Testa sinistrorsa, elongato-acuminata, ad apicem acutissima, albida, hic illic fusco minute punctata, ad apicem brunnea; anfractus circa 18, embryonales 5-6 planato-declives, leaves, sequentes cingulis spiralibus gemmates 2 (interdum lira minuta interveniente) ornate, sutura impressa discreti; ultimus quadriseriatim gemmatus, infra angulatus, prope aperturam tubulatim forato munitus, ad basin depressus; rostrum crassiusculum, oblique recurvum; aperture parva, subcircularis; labrum tenue. Long. 5.5, diam. 1.12 mm.</p>
            <p> Hab.- Island of  Cebú , Philippines. </p>
            <p>The principal feature distinguishing this species is that the embryonic whorls, numbering 5 or 6, are dark brown, showing conspicuously against the whiteness of the subsequent whorls.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>Elongate slender sinistral shell with a very sharp apex, whitish with sparse small brown dots, and with a brown apex; about 18 whorls, 5-6 flat-sloping away embryonic, subsequent with two beaded spiral rows (sometimes with a fine lira in between), impressed suture; last whorl with four rows, angulated at the base, with a tubular aperture near the peristome, with a depressed base; rather obtuse, recurved siphonal canal; small subcircular aperture, thin external lip. Length 5.5, diameter 1.12 mm.</p>
            <p> Locality: Insland of  Cebú , Philippines. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Syntypes ranging between 4.6 and 5.9 mm high and show considerable variation in adult shell size. Shell cyrtoconoid with flat whorls. Teleoconch of 10-13 whorls, with three spiral cords bearing tubercles at the intersections with prosocline axial ribs. The second cord appears on the fifth whorl as a narrow thread and always remains smaller than the other cords. A fourth smooth suprasutural cord is visible throughout the shell. Between the main cords run numerous fine finely tubercled spiral ribs. The peristome is well developed with additional spiral cords between the main ones. Posterior sinus well developed and protruding as a very short canal. Anterior canal quite long. Base almost flat, with a sharp angle at the periphery marked by a faint smooth spiral cord. Multispiral protoconch of six whorls; the first almost smooth, the second with numerous pustules abapically and short axial riblets apically, and the third with numerous riblets and a single spiral keel which become two in the remaining whorls. Teleoconch whitish to very light brown, first two or three whorls pure white; protoconch brown.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6177667BB1B0317354C0802BB1C1212D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
9907E85E549D23CB2972F164EA07DDDC.text	9907E85E549D23CB2972F164EA07DDDC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphora fuscozonata G. B. Sowerby III 1907	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphora fuscozonata G.B. Sowerby III, 1907</p>
            <p>Figure 94</p>
            <p> Triphora fuscozonata G.B. Sowerby III 1907: 301, pl. 25, fig. 8. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>New Caledonia.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes: NHMUK 1907.8.28.36: 1 specimen, New Caledonia . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Testa sinistrorsa, elongata, acute acuminata, nigro-fusco fasciata; anfractus 18, leviter convexi, gemmis rotundatis confertis biseriatis (lira angusta interveniente) ornate, sutura impressa discreti; ultimus curtus, liris 6 minute gemmulatis, prope basin leviter obliquum; apertura parva, oblique subtrigona; labrum tenue, postice sinuatum. Long. 6, diam. 1.5 mm.</p>
            <p>Hab.- New Caledonia.</p>
            <p>This species may be recognized by the dark-brown bands on each whorl; the gem-like nodules common to many species are arranged in two prominent rows, with a narrow intervening crenulated ridge; on the last whorl they are smaller and closer, forming six ridges.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>Elongate sinistral shell with a sharp apex, dark-brown banded; 18 light convex whorls with two rows of gem-like rounded nodules (a narrow intervening ridge), impressed suture; last whorl short, with 6 small gemmulated lirae, slightly slanting near its basis; small aperture, obliquely subtrigonal; thin external lip with a posterior sinum. Length 6, diameter 1.5 mm.</p>
            <p>Locality: New Caledonia.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Syntype 5.3 mm high. Shell conical with flat whorls. Teleoconch of 12 whorls with three spiral cords with tubercles at the intersection with slightly prosocline axial ribs. The second cord starts in the lower part of the shell as a fine thread and never fully develops to the size of the others. Fine axial threads are visible in the interspaces. Peristome incomplete in the syntype, with faint additional spiral cords. Siphonal canal short. The base bears two additional smooth spiral cords. Protoconch incomplete, but clearly multispiral; the three visible whorls have numerous axial ribs and a single spiral keel. Teleoconch whorls dark brown apically and light brown to whitish abapically. Base very light brown to white, siphonal canal brown. Protoconch hyaline, but worn in the syntype.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9907E85E549D23CB2972F164EA07DDDC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
7B83CE1AD4D9AFCE9B4A939004F7918F.text	7B83CE1AD4D9AFCE9B4A939004F7918F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphora hemileuca Tomlin 1931	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphora hemileuca Tomlin, 1931</p>
            <p>Figure 101</p>
            <p> Triphora hemileuca Tomlin 1931: 426, pl. 33, fig. 4. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Port Shepstone, Natal, South Africa.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype: NHMUK 1931.7.23.6, fixed by monotypy . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Shell with a protoconch of 3 whorls, which are irregularly crossed by axial riblets; protoconch and next three whorls cream-white, last six whorls brown-black; there are twelve whorls in all, of which nos. 4 to 7 have a prominent central keel, cut into tubercles by numerous axial riblets, and fine spiral lines above and below the keel. The last five whorls have three tuberculiferous keels, one immediately below the suture, and two on the lower half of the whorl very close together and only separated by a fine groove, the interspaces being filled with fine spirals as before. Periphery sharply keeled; base of shell and canal much lighter brown.</p>
            <p>Alt. 6 mm.; diam. max. 1.5 mm.</p>
            <p>Hab.-Port Shepstone (Burnup).</p>
            <p>This specimen is unique, but is so extraordinarily perfect in every way that I do not hesitate to describe it. There is the usual raised line round the suture, and a considerable interval between the uppermost keel and the two lower ones on each whorl. The coloration will at once be recognizable.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Holotype height 5.4 mm. Shell cyrtoconoid, with eight weakly rounded teleoconch whorls with three spiral cords. The second develops on the fourth whorl. Tubercles are present at the intersection with orthocline axial ribs. Two or three fine spiral threads are visible in the interspace between the main spiral cords. Peristome with a moderately deep posterior sinus and no additional spiral cords. Siphonal canal short. Base with two additional weakly tubercled spiral cords. Protoconch paucispiral with 2.5 whorls with wavy thick axial ribs and interspaces smaller than the ribs. Colour deep brown. The proconch and the first two teleoconch whorls are pure white.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p>No other type specimens were reported for the NMW (Trew 1990).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B83CE1AD4D9AFCE9B4A939004F7918F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
BB8014B53B1E9EDB4C74ADA12D54FFFF.text	BB8014B53B1E9EDB4C74ADA12D54FFFF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphora hungerfordi G. B. Sowerby III 1914	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphora hungerfordi G.B. Sowerby III, 1914</p>
            <p>Figure 95</p>
            <p> Triphora hungerfordi G.B. Sowerby III 1914: 477-478, pl. 19, fig. 10. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Hong Kong.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes: NHMUK 1919.12.31.17: 1 specimen, Hong Kong . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Testa sinistrorsa, elongato-acuminata, nigro-fusca; spira elata, leviter convexa; anfractus 12, bi-seriatim pustulati; pustulis rotundatis, glabratis, inaequalibus; anfractus ultimus breviusculus, circiter sex-soriatim pustulatus; rostrum valide reflexum. Apertura subquadrata; labrum tenue, minute crenulatum; columella obliqua.</p>
            <p> Long. 12, diam.  2¼ . </p>
            <p>Hab.- Hongkong.</p>
            <p>In general form and appearance this shell differs but little from small dark-coloured specimens of the European T. perversa, but the nodulous spiral ridges are more unequal and irregular, and not interrupted by longitudinal furrows. A few specimens of this species were brought from Hong-kong many years ago by the late Surgeon-Major R. Hungerford, but until now it has remained nameless.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>Elongate slender dark-brown sinistral shell; high spire slightly convex; 12 whorls with two ridges of rounded smooth irregular pustules; rather short last whorl with about six series of pustules; anterior siphon very reflected. Subquadrate aperture; light external lip slightly crenulated; slanting columella.</p>
            <p>Length 12, diameter 21/ 4 mm.</p>
            <p>Locality: Hong Kong.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Syntype 5.6 mm. Shell conical, with flat sides. Teleoconch of 11 whorls bearing two spiral cords with tubercles at the intersection with slightly prosocline axia ribs. Beginning on the seventh whorl, a fine spiral thread develops between the two major cords but fully develops only on the last whorl. A very fine smooth suprasutural cord is also visible as well as fine axial threads in the interspaces. Peristome with a shallow posterior sinus and additional spiral cords between the main ones. Siphonal canal short. Base with two smooth spiral cords. Protoconch missing. Teleoconch brown with lighter first whorls and tubercles.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The original description refers to "a few specimens", but only one was found in the NHMUK. The other specimens may have been sold and dispersed.  Trifora hungerfordi closely resembles  Triforis fusca Dunker, 1860 (Albano and Bakker 2016). However, caution is necessary in establishing these as synonyms because of the lack of the protoconch. In the Indo-Pacific, species with morphologically indistinguishable teleoconchs may have entirely different protoconch types (P.G. Albano and P.A.J. Bakker pers. obs.). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BB8014B53B1E9EDB4C74ADA12D54FFFF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
6C88470873513B8A829F9FB2AEFEC42D.text	6C88470873513B8A829F9FB2AEFEC42D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphora incolumis Melvill 1918	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphora incolumis Melvill, 1918</p>
            <p>Figure 68</p>
            <p> Triphora incolumis Melvill 1918: 149, pl. 4, fig. 18. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Persian Gulf: Fao Cable (Fao was a small village at the confluence of Tigris and Euphrates).</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes: NHMUK 1921.1.28.18-20, 3 specimens, Persian Gulf. Syntypes: NMW 1955.158.207, 13 specimens, Persian Gulf (fide Trew 1987; not seen) . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>T. testa cylindrico-fusiformi, pallide straminea, solidula; anfractibus 16-17, quorum apicales 5 pulchre et minute longitudinaliter striati, paullum decussati, apice ipso laevi, deplanato, caeteris ad suturas profunde impressis, lateribus paullulum convexis, quatuor supernis bi-, his proximis triseriatis, ordinibus nodulato-gemmatis decoratis, ultimo anfractu serie quarta praedito, gemmis interdum versus basin evanidis, circa basin tribus liris succinctis; apertura quadrata, peristomate tenui, canali brevi, paullum recurvo.</p>
            <p>Long. 10, lat. 3 mm.</p>
            <p>Hab. Persian Gulf; Fao Cable, and along the north coast; not rare.</p>
            <p> A fine species, of pronounced character. Cylindro-fusiform in shape, with channelled sutures, whorls (including the five nuclear, three of which are very finely striate) 16-17 in number, the lower whorls all ornamented with three equal spiral regular rows of gemmae, shining, round, large proportionately; the body-whorl possessing four, the lowest of them sometimes has the gemmae partly evanescent, the base being encircled with spiral plain ridges. Aperture somewhat squarrose, peristome thin, canal shortly recurved, pronounced. It may be compared with T. rufula, Watson, a somewhat smaller species * [footnote refers to:  ‘Challenger’ Exp. xv. p. 566, pi, xlii. fig. 2] (long. 7.5 mm.) from Wednesday Island, Torres Straits. This is much of the same sculpture, with channelled suture, the shell being of a ruddy yellow tint throughout. It differs from T. idonea, M. &amp; St., not only in the channelled sutures and greater breadth of contour, but in the mouth being more contracted. We have seen a live albino form from Fao; in this the fourth row of noduled gemmae at the periphery of the basal whorl is extremley distinct and perfect. </p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>Rather solid, pale yellow cylindro-fusiform shell; 16-17 whorls, the five apical ones with faint nice longitudinal striae, slightly decussated, the apex is delicate, rather flat; next whorls with deep sutures, a little convex; four apical whorls with two spiral cords, the next with three series of nodose gemmules, four in the last whorl with vanishing gemmules near the base which bears three smooth spiral cords; quadrate aperture, thin peristome, lightly recurved short anterior siphon.</p>
            <p>Length 10, width 3 mm.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Syntypes between 7.5 and 8.4 mm high. Shell conical with 12 whorls bearing three spiral cords with tubercles at the intersection with orthocline axial ribs. The second spiral cord appears on the sixth whorl and becomes quickly as strong as the others. A smooth suprasutural cord is also visible. Growth lines are present. The peristome bears additional, although short, spiral cords and a shallow posterior sinus. The siphonal canal is short. On the base, the fourth cord is tuberculated and three more smooth cords are visible. The multispiral protoconch has four whorls: the first has abapically short axial riblets but it is too worn to be properly described, the other three have two spiral keels and axial riblets. Shell dirty white, with lighter tubercles.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p>According to Trew (1987), lot NHMUK 1921.1.28.18-20 contains the specimens figured by Melvill (1918). Therefore, upon inspection of the syntypes in NMW, a lectotype may be selected.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6C88470873513B8A829F9FB2AEFEC42D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
AAE83ECD99F118DAC792BF055B54169A.text	AAE83ECD99F118DAC792BF055B54169A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphora interpres Melvill 1918	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphora interpres Melvill, 1918</p>
            <p>Figure 69</p>
            <p> Triphora interpres Melvill 1918: 150, pl. 5, fig. 23. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>"Persian Gulf, Mussandam, 55 fms" (Musandam, Oman).</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes: NHMUK 1921.1.28.26, 1 specimen, Musandam, Oman. Syntypes: NMW 1955.158.208, 4 specimens, Musandam, Oman (fide Trew 1987; not seen) . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>T. testa elegantula attenuato-fusiformi, gracili, cinerea; anfractibus ad 20, quorum 5 apicales, apice ipso pallide fusco, laevi, his proximis pulchre cancellatis, ochraceo-fuscis, caeteris leniter et anguste ad suturas impressis, lateribus fere rectis, tribus spiralium gemmularum ordinibus arcte et regulariter praeditis, ordine medio minorum, superficie hic illic castaneo-tessellato, ultimo circa basin bilirato; apertura parva, semicirculari, canali conspicuo, brevi, recurvo.</p>
            <p>Long. 11, lat. 2.25 mm. (sp. max.).</p>
            <p>Hab. Persian Gulf, Mussandam, 55 fathoms.</p>
            <p>A rare species, very gracefully attenuate, many (20 or more) whorled, the apical being five in number, ochreous-brown and finely cancellate in young specimens, but soon getting worn, the remainder slightly impressed suturally, with three spiral bands of gemmuled nodules, those on either side of the sutures being the largest and most pronounced, the median row smaller; the body-whorl has but three gemmuled rows in all the examples we have examined, the fourth row, at the periphery, being a simple ridge. The colour is ashy-white, flecked with pale chestnut dashed over the whorls at certain intervals. Mouth small proportionately, semicircular; peristome thin, canal short, recurved.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>Graceful light fusiform shell, slender, ash-grey; up to 20 whorls, of which 5 belong to the apex which is pale brown, smooth; the next whorls are finely cancellate and ochraceous brown; the others nearly straight, impressed at the sutures, with three spiral cords of regular gemmulated nodules, the middle one smaller; surface with brown spots, last whorl with two cords around the base; small semicircular aperture, remarkable, short bent anterior siphonal canal.</p>
            <p>The largest specimen is 11 mm high, 2.25 mm wide.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>The studied syntype is 4 mm high. Shell conical, with nine teleoconch flat whorls with two main spiral cords with tubercles at the intersection with slightly prosocline axial ribs. A third fine thread appears around half teleoconch height between the two main cords and becomes a fully developed tuberculated cord only on the last whorl. A very fine smooth suprasutural cord is also visible and becomes a fully developed tuberculated cord on the last whorl too. The peristome is regrown after breakage in the syntype but the posterior sinus appears shallow. The siphonal canal is short. The base bears a fifth smooth cord. The protoconch is incomplete in the syntype but clearly multispiral. The last three whorls bear two main spiral keels and axial riblets. The teleoconch has a white background with orange-brown blotches. Siphonal canal and protoconch brown.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p>There is a major discrepancy in size between this syntype (4 mm) and what stated in the original description (11 mm). Only the study of other syntypes will clarify the real identity of this taxon, because there are several species with this colour pattern which can be easily mixed together.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AAE83ECD99F118DAC792BF055B54169A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
AA6D19C1597D143C1575DE6D009193DF.text	AA6D19C1597D143C1575DE6D009193DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphora laddi Kay 1979	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphora laddi Kay, 1979</p>
            <p>Figure 49</p>
            <p> Triphora laddi Kay 1979: 147, fig. 51D-I. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>off Waikiki, Hawaiian Islands.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype: BPBM 9800 (fide Kay 1979; not seen). Paratypes: NHMUK 1982273, 3 specimens, Poipu Beach, Kauai, Hawaiian Islands. Other paratypes in USNM (fide Kay 1979; not seen) . </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p>These specimens given by Kay to the NHMUK and labelled as paratypes were not listed as such in Kay (1979).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AA6D19C1597D143C1575DE6D009193DF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
D8E6FA278342FEBF0584D0F689BB2346.text	D8E6FA278342FEBF0584D0F689BB2346.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphora latilirata Verco 1909	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphora latilirata Verco, 1909</p>
            <p>Figure 108</p>
            <p> Triphora latilirata Verco 1909: 283, pl. XXVI, fig. 1. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>"Gulf St. Vincent" (South Australia).</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Lectotype: SAM D. 13447 (fide Marshall 1983; not seen, see Remarks). Paralectotype: NHMUK 1910.3.29.45: 1 specimen, Gulf St Vincent, South Australia . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Shell sinistral, solid, elongate-conic. Protoconch of 5 whorls, smooth and round. Spire-whorls 13, flat, sloping; suture rather wider than the spaces between the spiral ribs. Spirals 3, flat, wide, nearly smooth on the surface; interstices narrow, pimctated by close-set axial incisions, which also cut the sides of the lirae. Body-whorl rhomboidal, with three spiral ribs, towards the aperture the interspaces are occupied each by a short, rapidly-widening spiral; the axial incisions are more distinct towards the aperture. Base convex with a peripheral spiral, rounded, smooth keel, and a second more anterior, punctated between. Aperture roundly quadrate: outer lip sloping, straight, ascending at the suture and pinched into a tiny sinus, anteriorly circular and effuse; in profile straight, minutely retrocurrent at the suture, obliquely very slightly antecurrent anteriorly. Canal well marked, nearly closed, especially at the junction with the aperture, markedly recurved. Inner lip distinct, slightly erect. Colour, white.</p>
            <p>Dim.- Length, 10.5 mm; breadth, 2.5 mm.</p>
            <p>Locality. - Type, Gulf St. Vincent, (?) depth, with 23 others moderate: in 15 to 20 fathoms off St. Francis Island, 1 moderate; in 24 fathoms off Newland Head, 1 moderate; in 55 fathoms off Cape Borda, 1 good.</p>
            <p>Variations.- In the shell from 55 fathoms, in the antepenultimate whorl an interstitial thread arises between the middle and anterior spirals, and becomes a definite though small lira. In some large shells a thin sutural lamina is seen between the later whorls. A large broken specimen would measure 15 mm if complete. In one individual the posterior spiral lira throughout the shell is tinged brown.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Verco referred to a type series consisting of multiple specimens in his original description. Marshall (1983) reported the  “holotype” in SAM but this should be considered a lectotype designation according to Article 74.6 of the Code (ICZN 1999). The label accompanying this lot reports the type locality and the wording  “Co-types” , which suggests that the specimens indeed belong to the type series. Because of  Marshall’s lectotype designation, these and all other syntypes are now paralectotypes. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D8E6FA278342FEBF0584D0F689BB2346	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
0C85F84E176909B5ABDF3D234AA9742A.text	0C85F84E176909B5ABDF3D234AA9742A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphora novapostrema Verco 1910	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphora novapostrema Verco, 1910</p>
            <p>Figure 110</p>
            <p> Triphora novapostrema Verco 1910: 126-127, pl. XXX, figs 1, 2. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>"off Cape Borda" (Kangaroo Island, South Australia) (fide Marshall 1983).</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Lectotype: SAM D. 13450 (fide Marshall 1983; not seen, see Remarks) . </p>
            <p>Additional material.</p>
            <p>  NHMUK 1911.8.12.1-2: 2 specimens (glued on cardboard), off Cape Borda,  Kangaroo Island , South Australia  . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Shell immature, of eight whorls, including the protoconch of two whorls, the first nearly smooth with a round projecting apex, the second with two stout prominent keels, gradually becoming nodular. In the first spire-whorl arises a faint third spiral, posterior to the others (whence the specific name), which continuously enlarges till it nearly equals them in size. They are crossed by axial liras, about fourteen in the last whorl, both axials and spirals being well marked, the latter the stouter, and being tuberculate at their intersection. The peripheral spiral is prominent and subtuberculate, it is visible in the earlier sutures, but not in the later; two flat obsolete plaits curve round the base. Colour white.</p>
            <p>Dim.- Length, 3.1 mm; breadth, 1.2 mm. The largest example, immature, is 5.2 mm.</p>
            <p>Locality.- Dredged in 55 fathoms off Cape Borda, type with 7 others, some quite fresh, all immature; in Gulf St. Vincent, 1.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.- Its special characters are its blunt protoconch with two carinae, and the third spiral arising behind the others; in most Triphora it arises between them as in T. angasi, tasmanica, cana, etc.</p>
            <p>Type in my collection.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> In the original description, Verco referred to multiple specimens in the type series.  Marshall’s (1983) report of the  “holotype” in the SAM should be considered a lectotype designation according to Article 74.6 of the Code (ICZN 1999). The two NHMUK shells come from the type locality. However, neither the label nor the register entry states that they are co-types. Their type status is uncertain. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0C85F84E176909B5ABDF3D234AA9742A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
1B90EDC5C5C453DE5217F8ED410C89BE.text	1B90EDC5C5C453DE5217F8ED410C89BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphora princeps G. B. Sowerby III 1904	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphora princeps G.B. Sowerby III, 1904</p>
            <p>Figure 97</p>
            <p> Triphora princeps G.B. Sowerby III 1904: 174-175, figured. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Not reported.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype: NHMUK 1904.12.23.147, fixed by monotypy . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Testa perelongata, sinistrorsa, straminea, postice fusco-tincta, lineis rufo-fuscis numerosis longitudinalibus parum obliquis picta; anfractus circa 40, planulati, sulcis longitudinalibus parum obliquis hic illic foveolatis insculpti, cingulis 4 interruptis pseudo-nodulosis, aliquanto irregularibus, inaequalibus, duo inferioribus majoribus, instructi; anfractus ultimus infra sub-acute angulatus, ad angulum bicarinatus, infra angulum subconcavo-constrictus, carinis 2 aliquanto robustis munitus; rostrum longiusculum, contort-reflexum; apertura subquadrata; labrum tenue. Long. 57, diam. maj. 7 mm.</p>
            <p>Hab.-?</p>
            <p> This is by far the largest known species of the genus. Unfortunately, with the unique specimen there is no indication of its habitat, but it is not improbable it may have been dredged off Ascension Island, as it was found in Admiral  Keppel’s cabinet in close proximity to shells so labelled. Besides its remarkable size, the shell is very distinct in character. The longitudinal brown pitted grooves intersect the spiral ridges, causing the most prominent ones to assume the form of transversely oblong nodules. There is a very small young shell of this species in the British Museum, from the Cuming Collection. </p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>A straw-like very elongated sinistral shell posteriorly dark-brown with several a little obliquely longitudinal lines dark red in colour; about 40 flat whorls with longitudinal scars slightly slanting and pitted here and there, four pseudo-nodulose spiral cords somewhat irregular, unequal, being the two anterior more developed; last whorl rather sharply angulated at the base with a bicarinated edge, restricted and concave under the periphery, two rather strong carinae; bent long siphonal canal, subquadrate aperture; thin outer lip. Length 57, greater diameter 7 mm.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Holotype 58 mm, among the largest  Triphoridae . Extremely elongated conical shell, with flat whorls. Teleoconch of ca 40 whorls, initially with three weakly nodulose spiral cords. In the lower part of the shell, a fourth cord between the second and third and a fifth suprasutural cord are visible, both weakly nodulose. The holotype is a subadult and, therefore, the peristome is not fully developed. Siphonal canal long with two smooth cords on it. Base with one prominent but weakly sculptured additional cord and two faint ones. Protoconch incomplete in the holotype, but may be paucispiral; the visible whorl has two strong smooth keels. Teleoconch elegantly coloured, with a brown background and white flammules, dark brown interspaces. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p>The NHMUK 196547 specimen (Fig. 97F) is most likely the "very small young shell of this species in the British Museum, from the Cuming collection" cited by Sowerby as also S.P. Dance observed in 1965 (note on labels accompanying the specimen). However, this specimen has a coarser sculpture and different colour pattern and we do not consider it conspecific.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1B90EDC5C5C453DE5217F8ED410C89BE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
4EF5FF7712680E23B4929483B2F7BF87.text	4EF5FF7712680E23B4929483B2F7BF87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphora retusa Turton 1932	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphora retusa Turton, 1932</p>
            <p>Figure 103</p>
            <p> Triphora retusa Turton 1932: 117, pl. XXV, fig. 855. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Port Alfred, South Africa.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>OUMNH: lost.</p>
            <p>Additional material.</p>
            <p>  NHMUK 1933.9.4.37: 1 specimen,  Port Alfred , South Africa (coll. W.H. Turton)  . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p> The shape is broadly conic; 1 very small nuclear whorl, with 5 others nearly straight; aperture large, nearly circular, and rather projecting; apex very blunt. The surface is covered with 3 rows of tubercles on each whorl. The colour is yellowish brown; and the size 2  × 1 mm. Characteristics. A little shell near [Triphora] sabita but smaller, more broadly conic, with a much blunter apex, and more projecting aperture. Though so small it seems to be full-grown, as I found about a dozen specimens, the type being the largest. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Specimen 1.1 mm high, but it is clearly a juvenile with just three post-metamorphic whorls, which bear two spiral cords with granules at the intersection with faint orthocline axial ribs. Paucispiral protoconch of one whorl, apparently smooth, but very worn. Shell brown in colour.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4EF5FF7712680E23B4929483B2F7BF87	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
C48AFBD68306ED832AFFF6F1A9C48C24.text	C48AFBD68306ED832AFFF6F1A9C48C24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphora rufanensis Turton 1932	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphora rufanensis Turton, 1932</p>
            <p>Figure 104</p>
            <p> Triphora rufanensis Turton 1932: 118, pl. XXV, fig. 862. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Port Alfred, South Africa.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>OUMNH: lost.</p>
            <p>Additional material.</p>
            <p>  NHMUK 1933.9.4.22-23: 2 specimens,  Port Alfred , South Africa (coll. W.H. Turton)  . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p> The shape of the shell is narrowly conic; with rather a blunt apex; 1 nuclear whorl, broken, and 10 others which are straight. The surface is marked by 3 nodulous cords on each whorl, and there are 3 basal cords. The colour is white, and glistening; and the size 5  × 1.6 mm. Characteristics. It is near 869, whitechurchi, but more broadly conic, and much smaller. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>The available specimen is 4.7 mm high, but subadult. Conical shell with flat sides. Teleoconch of eight whorls with three spiral cords clearly visible since the first whorl and with nodules at the intersection with the slightly prosocline axial ribs. Peristome not preserved and the specimen is subadult, thus without base. Apex badly worn, but apparently paucispiral of 1.5 whorls which bears three smooth spiral cords on after the first half whorl. White shell with small brown marks.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C48AFBD68306ED832AFFF6F1A9C48C24	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
FF6A7BEA36FAF8AE42341B46A6054CBC.text	FF6A7BEA36FAF8AE42341B46A6054CBC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphora smithi G. B. Sowerby III 1904	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphora smithi G.B. Sowerby III, 1904</p>
            <p>Figure 98</p>
            <p> Triphora smithi G.B. Sowerby III 1904: 175, figured. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Not reported.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype: NHMUK 1904.12.23.146, fixed by monotypy . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Testa elongato-acuminata, pallide, straminea, anfractus circiter 35, planulati, cingulis spiralibus 2-4 acutiusculis laevibus instructi, aliter laeviusculi; anfractus ultimus obtuse angulatus, ad angulum bicarinatus, infra angulum leviter convexus, triliratus; rostrum breviusculum, leviter contortum; apertura subquadrata; labrum tenue. Long. 33, diam. maj. 5 mm.</p>
            <p>Hab.-?</p>
            <p>Although much smaller than t. princeps, this shell is larger than any other known species of the genus. It is broader in proportion to its length than T. princeps, and both the spiral ridges and the interstices between them are remarkably smooth, showing only irregular growth-lines. The specimen is at present unique.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>A straw-like pale elongated sharp sinistral shell, about 35 plain whorls with 2-4 light and acute spiral cords differently slender; trilirate last whorl obtusely angulated with a bicarinate angle and a light convexity under it; bend siphonal canal rather short; subquadrate aperture; thin outer lip. Length 33, larger diameter 5 mm.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Holotype 32 mm, but lacks the apex. Elongated conical shell with flat whorls. Teleoconch of 21 whorls (but the original description states 35, suggesting that the apical part may have got broken after the description). Whorls with three smooth spiral cords, the first smaller, but present since the early teleoconch. A fourth smooth suprasutural cord is also visible. Peristome not fully developed in the holotype. Siphonal canal long. Base with one additional smooth spiral cord. Protoconch missing. Teleoconch whitish with greyish interspaces between cords.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The general appearance and sculpture is very similar to  T. gracilior E.A. Smith, 1903, although the latter has orange flecks not observable in  T. smithi . E.A. Smith (1916) suggested that  T. smithi is a synonym of  T. gracilior . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FF6A7BEA36FAF8AE42341B46A6054CBC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
61C1AB638C55ADE11C06C84A433974F6.text	61C1AB638C55ADE11C06C84A433974F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphora sp. (insularum Biggs, ms)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphora sp. (insularum Biggs, ms)</p>
            <p>Figure 14</p>
            <p> Triphora sp. Biggs 1973: 362-363, pl. 4, figs 4, 5. </p>
            <p>Original locality.</p>
            <p>NE of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p> NHMUK 1968760-3: 4 specimens (from original locality) . </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p>Biggs (1973) described and illustrated this species in his work on the Trucial Coast (Persian (Arabian) Gulf) but refrained from naming it because it lacked the apex. We agree that the presence of a complete apex is fundamental for the institution of any triphorid new species due to the important characters it bears as acknowledged by several authors (e.g. Barnard 1963; Marshall 1983; Bouchet and Strong 2010). We thus refrain from redescribing it because we have not been able to locate new suitable material. From the remnants of apexes on the examined material, the species likely bears a multispiral protoconch.</p>
            <p> In the NHMUK collection, the specimens studied by Biggs have been located with the manuscript name  Triphora insularum . They are labelled as  “holotype” and  “paratypes” although, pending a formal introduction of the name, these specimens are not name-bearing types. The label bears the locality "Trucial Oman Coast" and 1962 as collecting year. At the time, the United Arab Emirates had not been founded yet and the coastal emirates were known as Trucial States, a British Protectorate since 1819. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/61C1AB638C55ADE11C06C84A433974F6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
E0600C6C034181036B2EA3BE09166166.text	E0600C6C034181036B2EA3BE09166166.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphora spica Verco 1909	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphora spica Verco, 1909</p>
            <p>Figure 111</p>
            <p> Triphora spica Verco 1909: 281, pl. XXIII, fig. 1. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>"off Beachport" (South Australia).</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Lectotype: SAM D. 13453 (fide Marshall 1983; not seen, see Remarks). Paralectotypes: NHMUK 1910.3.29.54-55: 2 specimens, Cape Borda, Kangaroo Island, South Australia . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Shell solid, long, narrow, upper third elongate-conical, the rest nearly cylindrical. Protoconch of 5 whorls, convex, with two central closely approximate spiral threads and numerous axial bars. Spire-whorls 17, the first three with two nodulate spiral ribs, and an infra-sutural small, smooth cord. In the fourth whorl this becomes nodulate; and getting thicker equals the other spirals in the sixth whorl. Between the twelfth and thirteenth whorls a supra-sutural thin threadlet appears and gradually enlarges and grows subnodular. The nodules in a spiral row on the penultimate are 17, transversely elliptical, and are joined spirally by a bar about one-third of their width, and vertically by obsolete bars nearly their own width. The body-whorl has three spiral ribs, a subnodulated peripheral riblet, a distinct smooth, stout, basal spiral, and an obsolete one at the base of the canal. The lip is broken. Colour, lightbrown, with axial streaks of darker-brown from suture to suture; sometimes these happen to be continuous over two or more whorls, sometimes not; the protoconch is of darker brown.</p>
            <p>Dim.- Length, 97 mm; breadth, 1.55 mm; length of protoconch, 0.55 mm.</p>
            <p>Locality.- Type, 40 fathoms off Beachport, with 4 others; 55 fathoms off Cape Borda, 10 good, many poor; 62 fathoms off Cape Borda, 1 poor; Gulf St. Vincent, under 25 fathoms, 7 poor. The habitat would appear to be in 40 to 50 fathoms.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.- From T. kesteveni, Hedley, it differs in its nodulated spirals and in its colour.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> In the original description, Verco referred to multiple specimens in the type series.  Marshall’s (1983) report of the  “holotype” in the SAM should be considered a lectotype designation according to Article 74.6 of the Code (ICZN 1999). The label accompanying this lot reports Cape Borda as the locality, as listed in the original description, and the wording  “Co-types” , which suggests that these specimens indeed belong to the type series. Because of  Marshall’s lectotype designation, these and all other syntypes are now paralectotypes. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0600C6C034181036B2EA3BE09166166	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
48AE563ED2329F89CCCF33090E1E857F.text	48AE563ED2329F89CCCF33090E1E857F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphora spina Verco 1909	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphora spina Verco, 1909</p>
            <p>Figure 112</p>
            <p> Triphora spina Verco 1909: 280-281, pl. XXII, figs 2-4. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>"off Beachport" (South Australia).</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Lectotype: SAM D. 13449 (fide Marshall 1983; not seen, see Remarks). Paralectotype: NHMUK 1910.3.29.39: 1 specimen, off Beachport, South Australia . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Shell sinistral, elongate-subulate-pyramidal. Protoconch of 4 turns, apex prominent and tongue-like, whorls smooth, centrally boldly angled, concave between the median angulations. Suture linear. Spire-whorls 17, with four ribs; the largest is the continuation of the nuclear angulation; above this is a much smaller infra-sutural rib, below it the shell wall seems thinner and less opaque; then comes a bold rib, and close below it a supra-sutural rib. They are slightly tuberculate with low transverse nodules, united by low broad oblique axial costae, most marked between the upper two ribs, but connecting the upper three; the supra-marginal rib is smooth, and wedged in between the two adjacent ribs. Aperture roundly rhomboidal; outer lip crenulated by the spirals, antecurrent into a spur towards the front canal nearly closed at this point, curved to the left, and reflected; back of the aperture pinched at the suture, but no sutural notch. Base smooth, with one spiral. Colour, light-amber tint.</p>
            <p>Dim.- Length, 12.4 mm; width, 1.9 mm.</p>
            <p>Locality.- Type, 110 fathoms off Beachport, with 2 others perfect and 11 broken, in 150 fathoms 6 moderate, and in 200 fathoms 3 poor; in 90 fathoms off Cape Jaffa, 7 perfect and 14 broken, and in 130 fathoms 3 broken.</p>
            <p>It differs from T. subula in its unicarinate protoconch, and in having the 4 ribs throughout.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> In his original description, Verco referred to multiple specimens in the type series.  Marshall’s (1983) report of the  “holotype” in the SAM should be considered a lectotype designation according to Article 74.6 of the Code (ICZN 1999). The label accompanying this lot reports the type locality and the wording  “Co-types” , which suggests that the specimens indeed belong to the type series. Because of  Marshall’s lectotype designation, these and all other syntypes are now paralectotypes. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/48AE563ED2329F89CCCF33090E1E857F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
D2F6542246A9BC674CF43C5B6B8D17C0.text	D2F6542246A9BC674CF43C5B6B8D17C0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphora tasmanica subsp. var. var. aureovincta Verco 1910	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphora tasmanica var. lilacina var. aureovincta Verco, 1910</p>
            <p>Figure 106</p>
            <p> Triphora tasmanica var. lilacina var. aureovincta Verco 1910: 126, not illustrated. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>"off Cape Borda" (Kangaroo Island, South Australia).</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype: SAM D.13444, fixed by monotypy (not seen, fide Marshall 1983) . </p>
            <p>Additional material.</p>
            <p> NHMUK 1911.8.12.3-4: 2 specimens (glued on cardboard), Rottnest Is. Western Australia . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>This exquisitely pretty little shell was taken in perfect condition in 55 fathoms off Cape Borda.</p>
            <p>It has a golden band like T. regina, Hedley, but instead of colouring the most anterior spiral of pearls, it ornaments the smooth spiral plait in front of this, and so is found in the suture and on the base of the body-whorl. Its protoconch is that of T. tasmanica, and has not the spicular form of T. regina. It is very deeply-coloured purple, like the var. lilacina, Verco. One example, perfect, of eight whorls, was taken.</p>
            <p>Type in my collection.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Marshall (1983) considered this variety a valid taxon:  Isotriphora aureovincta . Because the original description clearly refers to a single specimen examined at the time of description,  Marshall’s record of the holotype is correct and the material in the NHMUK does not belong to the type series. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D2F6542246A9BC674CF43C5B6B8D17C0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
D74F65709CBA9C3781EE57F304BCCD58.text	D74F65709CBA9C3781EE57F304BCCD58.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphora thaanumi Kay 1979	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphora thaanumi Kay, 1979</p>
            <p>Figure 50</p>
            <p> Triphora thaanumi Kay 1979: 149-150, fig. 52A, B. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Kahe Point, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype: BPBM 9796 (fide Kay 1979; not seen). Paratypes: NHMUK 1982252, 1 specimen, Kahe Point, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands; NHMUK 1982281, 1 specimen, Makaha, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands. Additional paratypes in AMS and USNM (fide Kay 1979; not seen) . </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p>The NHMUK labels report two specimens per lot but we found a single specimen per lot only.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D74F65709CBA9C3781EE57F304BCCD58	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
B2D6A4F0BFA15D9F7F8ECC860D28B12E.text	B2D6A4F0BFA15D9F7F8ECC860D28B12E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphoris (Ino) asperrimus Hinds 1843	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphoris (Ino) asperrimus Hinds, 1843</p>
            <p>Figure 19</p>
            <p> Triphoris (Ino) asperrimus Hinds 1843b: 18, not illustrated. Illustration available in Hinds (1844): 29, pl. 8, fig. 10. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>New Guinea.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype: NHMUK 1879.2.26.203, fixed by monotypy (coll. E. Belcher) . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Testa gracili attenuata; anfractibus 24-26, superne valde coarctatis, inferne angulatis, serie duplici granulorum; prope suturam granuloso-carinata. Axis 6 lin.</p>
            <p>Geog. New Guinea; dredged from a muddy bottom in 8 fathoms.</p>
            <p>The only specimen of this species in the collection has an injured mouth. It is remarkable for its long needle-like shape; and the upper portion of each whorl being strangulated, and the lower angular and with a series of tubercles, the shell has a very rough and jagged appearance.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>Slender shell; 24-26 whorls, very narrow upper portion and angulated lower portion, with two series of tubercles; near the suture a granulated carina. Height 6 lines.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Holotype 8.5 mm high and bearing 13 whorls, but the specimen lacks several apical whorls. The shell is extremely elongated. Teleoconch whorls have three tuberculated spiral cords, the first is smaller and appears later along the spire; the third is the most prominent. A suprasutural smooth cord is visible in the last whorls. The holotype is a subadult, and thus its peristome, sinuses, and base cannot be described. The apex is missing too. The teleoconch is white.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B2D6A4F0BFA15D9F7F8ECC860D28B12E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
36526C09EFA78ABD868E6CBD665CAA6F.text	36526C09EFA78ABD868E6CBD665CAA6F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphoris (Ino) bilix Hinds 1843	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphoris (Ino) bilix Hinds, 1843</p>
            <p>Figure 20</p>
            <p> Triphoris (Ino) bilix Hinds 1843b: 17, not illustrated. Illustration available in Hinds (1844): 28, pl. 8, fig. 5. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Straits of Malacca.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes: NHMUK 1879.2.26.206: 3 specimens, Straits of Malacca (coll. T. Lombe Taylor) . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Testa attenuata pallida; anfractibus quindecim tricarinatis; carina inferiore paululum maxima marmorata, media minima; apertura rotundata; sinu laterali patulo. Axis 3 lin.</p>
            <p>Geog. Straits of Malacca; dredged from a muddy bottom in 20 fathoms.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>Slender pale shell; fifteen whorls with three spiral cords; the lower carina is marbled and a little bit more developed, the intermediate is the smallest; mouth rounded; open posterior sinus. Height 3 lines.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Syntypes ranging in size from 6.7 to 7.5 mm. Teleoconch cyrtoconoid, with flat whorls. Syntype 1 (Fig. 20A-F) teleoconch of 12 whorls, ornamented by three undulated spiral keels; the second being narrower and appearing on the fourth teleoconch whorl. A fourth fine smooth suprasutural cord is visible in the lower part of the shell. Axial prosocline fine growth lines are visible especially on the lower part of the teleoconch. On the last whorl, keels become tuberculated and the profile becomes angulated. The peristome shows an additional tuberculated spiral keel. Siphonal canal quite long. Base flat with an additional smooth spiral cord. Protoconch of six whorls: protoconch I of two apparently smooth whorls, but the preservation of this part of the shell is suboptimal. Protoconch II of four whorls with one spiral keel on the first two, and two on the last two; axial riblets are visible on all four whorls. The protoconch is brown, whereas the teleoconch has a creamy white background colour with orange blotches. The interspaces between the tubercules of the third keel are often orange-brown.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/36526C09EFA78ABD868E6CBD665CAA6F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
D093CA8280FC93A24B4DD6A74C5D99B0.text	D093CA8280FC93A24B4DD6A74C5D99B0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphoris (Ino) cancellatus Hinds 1843	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphoris (Ino) cancellatus Hinds, 1843</p>
            <p>Figure 21</p>
            <p> Triphoris (Ino) cancellatus Hinds 1843b: 18, not illustrated. Illustration available in Hinds (1844): 28, pl. 8, fig. 6. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Straits of Malacca.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes: NHMUK 1844.6.7.30: 3 specimens, Straits of Malacca (coll. E. Belcher) ;  NHMUK 1879.2.26.211: 1 specimen (coll. T. Lombe Taylor) . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p> Testa pallide rufente; anfractibus 15-18 bicarinatis; carinis albo maculatis; inter carinas cancellata lineis albis longitudinalibus intervallis fuscis; sutura sulcata; apertura subquadrata; sinu laterali margine contracta. Axis  4½ lin. </p>
            <p>Geog. Straits of Malacca; in 2 fathoms.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p> Pale reddish shell; 15-18 whorls with two spiral cords which bear white spots; a cancellate space with longitudinal white lines and dark intervals occurs between the cords; incised suture; subquadrate aperture; posterior sinus with shrinked edge. Height  4½ lines. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Syntype 1 (Fig. 21A-G) 8 mm high. Shell cyrtoconoid with 15 teleoconch whorls whose sides are characterized by two prominent smooth spiral cords. In between, a fine tuberculated spiral cord develops; on the first whorls, it appears as a fine thread. Axial riblets are present between the cords. The last whorl has a fourth, weakly tuberculated, spiral cord and the base shows an additional smooth spiral cord. The peristome shows an additional spiral cord between the first and the second and fine spiral threads between main cords. Siphonal canal long. Posterior sinus deep. The protonch is multispiral and composed of six whorls. The first two have numerous rounded tubercles; on the third and fourth, there are axial riblets and an equally strong spiral keel positioned abapically; on the last two whorls, a second strong spiral keel develops apically. The teleoconch orange with white flammulae. The second spiral cord on whorls has white tubercles and deep orange to brown interstices. The protoconch is brown.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D093CA8280FC93A24B4DD6A74C5D99B0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
5ECAEC43D6F8DB7477148527C8144707.text	5ECAEC43D6F8DB7477148527C8144707.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphoris (Ino) concors Hinds 1843	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphoris (Ino) concors Hinds, 1843</p>
            <p>Figure 26</p>
            <p> Triphoris (Ino) concors Hinds 1843b: 17, not illustrated. Illustration available in Hinds (1844): 28, pl. 8, fig. 2. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Straits of Malacca.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Lectotype: NHMUK 1844.6.7.27/1, here designated (coll. E. Belcher). Paralectotypes: NHMUK 1844.6.7.27/2: 1 specimen, Straits of Malacca (coll. E. Belcher) ;  NHMUK 1879.2.26.200/1: 1 specimen (broken into two parts), Straits of Malacca (coll. T. Lombe Taylor) . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Testa cylindracea; anfractibus viginti-duo triseriatim granulosis; serie media paululum minima; sutura lineata; apertura rotundata; sinu laterali tubiformi. Axis 6 lin.</p>
            <p>Geog. Straits of Malacca; in 18 fathoms.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>Cylindrical shell; twenty-two whorls with three rows of granules; the median a little bit smaller; linear suture; rounded aperture; tubiform posterior sinus. Height 6 lines.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Lectotype 10.4 mm high. Shell cyrtoconoid, with 20 flat-sided whorls with three spiral cords with tubercles. The second row develops later on the spire and on the last whorls a fourth smooth suprasutural cord is visible. Slightly prosocline axial ribs intersect the spiral cords forming the tubercles. Numerous fine spiral striae are visible between the main cords on the lower whorls. Additional spiral cords are visible on the peristome. The posterior sinus is tubular. The base has no additional spiral cords. The protoconch is absent in the type series, but a small remnant suggests it to be brown and multispiral. The teleoconch is dirty white.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p>Lot NHMUK 1879.2.26.200 contains also one subadult specimen that is broader, bears a different sculpture, and thus may not be this species. The lectotype was thus designated to univocally define the morphology of this taxon and stabilize the nomenclature. The lectotype is the best preserved specimen and the only one to bear remnants of the protoconch,</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5ECAEC43D6F8DB7477148527C8144707	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
DCF057F7D3994EBE09F4A2FC18E49FD6.text	DCF057F7D3994EBE09F4A2FC18E49FD6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphoris (Ino) corrugatus Hinds 1843	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphoris (Ino) corrugatus Hinds, 1843</p>
            <p>Figure 27</p>
            <p> Triphoris (Ino) corrugatus Hinds 1843b: 18, not illustrated. Illustration available in Hinds (1844): 29, pl. 8, fig. 7. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>New Guinea and Straits of Malacca.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes: NHMUK 1879.2.26.195: 3 specimens, New Guinea and Straits of Malacca (J. Lombe Taylor coll.) ;  NHMUK 1998167/1-5: 5 specimens, Straits of Malacca (coll. E. Belcher) . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p> Testa cornea; anfractibus 17-20 bicarinatis, inter carinas corrugatis, medio carina secondaria; sutura leviter carinata; apertura rotunda; sinu laterali lineari. Axis  6½ lin. </p>
            <p>Geog. New Guinea; dredged from 23 fathoms, among fine gravel. Straits of Malacca; from 18 to 23 fathoms.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p> Brown shell; 17-20 bicarinated whorls with corrugated interspaces, smaller median carina; slightly carinated suture; round aperture; linear posterior sinus. Height  6½ lines. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Adult specimens of the type series range between 11.2 and 14.2 mm. Shell conical and very elongated. The teleoconch has 17 flat sides with three strong smooth spiral cords. The second whorl develops later along the teleoconch and is initially weakly undulated as a result of the intersection with prosocline axial riblets which are well developed in the lectotype. A fourth smooth spiral cord is visible on the last whorls. An additional spiral cord develops between the second and the third and is clearly visible on the peristome. The base has two additional smooth spiral cords. Syntype NHMUK 1879.2.26.195/2 (but see Remarks and Fig. 27A-D) bears a multispiral brown protoconch; the first whorl and half are smooth with numerous rounded tubercles. Three whorls follow with strong axial riblets intersecting one spiral keel in the first and two spiral keels in the following whorls. The original description suggested the species to be brown, but some specimens show darker fletches.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p>Specimens belonging to these lots show variable strength of the prosocline axial ribs between the main cords. Hinds highlighted in the original description the presence of strong axial ribs and likely named the species after it. The significance of this character for species delimitation has still to be understood. Moreover, two colour forms are present in the type series: syntype NHMUK 1879.2.26.195/2 (Fig. 27A-D, H, I) shows a colouration of light spiral cords on a brown background, whereas the syntype NHMUK 1879.2.26.195/1 (Fig. 27F-G) is brown with darker flammulae. Therefore, this syntype may belong to a different species of this complex group.</p>
            <p> This name has been used for the first Indo-Pacific triphorid species detected in the Mediterranean Sea, likely introduced through the Suez Canal. Notwithstanding the complexity of the group, the introduced species in the Mediterranean Sea probably best matches  Viriola bayani Jousseaume, 1884 (Steger et al. 2018). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DCF057F7D3994EBE09F4A2FC18E49FD6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
CB445E52CDAFF55991F47F0147122041.text	CB445E52CDAFF55991F47F0147122041.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphoris (Ino) elegans Hinds 1843	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphoris (Ino) elegans Hinds, 1843</p>
            <p>Figure 28</p>
            <p> Triphoris (Ino) elegans Hinds 1843b: 18-19, not illustrated. Illustration available in Hinds (1844): 29, pl. 8, fig. 11. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Straits of Malacca.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes: NHMUK 1879.2.26.197: 1 specimen, Straits of Malacca (J. Lombe Taylor coll.) . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p> Testa alba, fusco marmorata; anfractibus 16-18 quater carinatis; carinis duobus primariis, inferiore maximo; duobus secondariis alternantibus; carinis omnibus maculis albis et fuscis ornatis. Apertura rotundata, sinu laterali patulo. Axis  4½ lin. </p>
            <p>Geog. Straits of Malacca; from 20 fathoms, mud.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p> White shell marbled with brown; 16-18 four-keeled whorls; two larger carinae, the greatest in the lower part of the whorl; two smaller carinae alternated; all carinae with white and brown spots. Rounded aperture, open posterior sinus. Height  4½ lines. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Syntype 8.1 mm high. Shell cyrtoconoid, with flat sides. Teleoconch with 14 whorls bearing four spiral cords which are smooth, with the exception of the third which is undulated. Spiral microsculpture can be observed between the main cords. The peristome and posterior canal are missing in the holotype. The anterior canal is very elongated and bears two strong smooth spiral cords. The last whorl is strongly angulated at the periphery; the base bears an additional undulated strong spiral cord. The apex is missing in the holotype, but remnants of the last protoconch whorl point to a multispiral type. Such last whorl has two spiral keels and axial riblets. The teleoconch has a white background with brown to orange flammulae; the protoconch visible last whorl is brown.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CB445E52CDAFF55991F47F0147122041	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
4ACCAEC600DBA1B462730A13A61D6FA9.text	4ACCAEC600DBA1B462730A13A61D6FA9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphoris (Ino) gigas Hinds 1843	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphoris (Ino) gigas Hinds, 1843</p>
            <p>Figure 29</p>
            <p> Triphoris (Ino) gigas Hinds 1843b: 17, not illustrated. Illustration available in Hinds (1844): 28, pl. 8, fig. 1. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>New Guinea.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes: NHMUK 1879.2.26.194/1: 1 specimen, New Guinea, (coll. T. Lombe Taylor) . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Testa valde elongata; anfractibus 25-28 planulatis, quadriseriatim granulosis, inferior paululum maxima ad basin granulorum punctatis. Axis 11 lin.</p>
            <p>Geog. New Guinea; dredged from a muddy bottom at 18 fathoms.</p>
            <p>This is the largest species with which I am acquainted. The colour would appear to be brown, but, as the specimens are dead, they cannot be relied on.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>Shell very elongated; 25-28 plain whorls with four rows of granules, the lowest a little bit larger, base dotted by granules. Height 11 lines.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Syntype broken into two pieces: the abapical and apical ones are 9.5 mm and 3.7 mm, respectively. Shell extremely elongated, cylindrical, with very flat sides. Whorls with four tuberculated spiral cords. The first is initially smooth. The third cord develops later and initially just as a fine thread. Axial ribs prosocline. Apex and base lacking in the available syntype. Syntype background teleoconch colour white, with orange blotches, but likely faded; the original figure shows a deeper brown-orange colour.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> A  “potential” lectotype (NHMUK 196542) had been selected by S. Kosuge in 1965 but then lost while on loan to B. Marshall in 1979. This lectotype designation has never been published and is not deemed valid (as many other  “potential” lecto- and paralectotypes of triphorids in NHMUK). A photograph (negative no. 0810) is available (Fig. 29A) and shows a specimen which hardly matches the original description and the figure by Hinds (1844) in the Zoology of the Sulphur. In particular,  T. gigas is characterized by three tuberculated spiral cords of equal size plus a smaller subsutural one, while the lost  “potential” lectotype has clearly two main cords and a smaller subsutural one. The lot NHMUK 1879.2.26.194 contains two specimens belonging to two different species. The first specimen (Fig. 29F, I, J) likely belongs to  T. gigas : it is a juvenile specimen and the third cord is visible between the second and the last as a fine thread (see under  T. princeps Sowerby III 1904, Figure 97F, the unidentified specimen that is likely a mature  T. gigas ). The second specimen (Fig. 29D, E) has more rounded whorls with two tuberculated spiral cords and strong smooth supra- and subsutural spiral cords which do not appear in  T. gigas . Lot NHMUK 196543 (Fig. 29B, C) was also labelled as "potential lectotype " but the shell is more conical and an additional spiral cord develops lately between the first and the second, instead of between the second and the third like in  T. gigas . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4ACCAEC600DBA1B462730A13A61D6FA9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
1300CF467F1521C4A9D3A004722F5D7F.text	1300CF467F1521C4A9D3A004722F5D7F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphoris (Ino) maxillaris Hinds 1843	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphoris (Ino) maxillaris Hinds, 1843</p>
            <p>Figure 31</p>
            <p> Triphoris (Ino) maxillaris Hinds 1843b: 18, not illustrated. Illustration available in Hinds (1844): 29, pl. 8, fig. 8. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Straits of Malacca.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Lectotype: NHMUK 1879.2.26.202/1, here designated (J. Lombe Taylor coll.). Paralectotypes: NHMUK 1879.2.26.202/2, 1 specimen, Malacca (J. Lombe Taylor coll.) ;  NHMUK 1844.6.7.12, Malacca, 1 specimen (coll. E. Belcher) . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p> Testa rosea; anfractibus 16-18, superficie laevigata, bisulcatis; marginibus sulcorum granulatis; sutura sulcata, marginibus granulatis apertura subquadrata, sinu laterali parvo patulo. Axis  5½ lin. This shell is very remarkably characterized. The surface is perfectly smooth, and of an agreeable rose-colour; but each whorl is divided into three unequal parts by two furrows. The margins of each furrow, and of the depressed line which marks the course of the suture, are provided with a series of horizontal granulations, which look towards each other and do not appear above the surface of the shell, but under a magnifying glass display an appearance which seems to justify the specific name. </p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p> Pink shell; 16-18 whorls with a smooth surface with two grooves whose margins are granulated; deep suture, subquadrate aperture with granulated margin, slightly open posterior sinus. Height  5½ lines. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>The lectotype is a subadult, but the paralectotype is 9.9 mm high. Shell conical and elongated. The lectotype has 17 flat whorls, but the apical part is missing. The three spiral cords have broad flat coalescent tubercles. The base has two more spiral cords with similar tubercles and a depression between the fifth cord and the siphonal canal which is short. The peristome has no additional cords and bears a shallow posterior canal. The protoconch is absent in the types, but remnants of its last whorl suggest a multispiral type. Teleoconch pink, protoconch brown.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Specimens with indistinguishable teleoconch sculpture, colour and overall appearance, but with paucispiral protoconch were found in Vanuatu. Consequently, we designated as lectotype of  T. maxillaris a specimen that, although subadult, retains the last whorl of a typical planktotrophic protoconch (Fig. 31K, L) to unambiguously identify this species. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1300CF467F1521C4A9D3A004722F5D7F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
6063773DCB957FF9DA0A87968F1E7585.text	6063773DCB957FF9DA0A87968F1E7585.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphoris (Ino) micans Hinds 1843	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphoris (Ino) micans Hinds, 1843</p>
            <p>Figure 32</p>
            <p> Triphoris (Ino) micans Hinds 1843b: 18, not illustrated. Illustration available in Hinds (1844): 29, pl. 8, fig. 9. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>New Guinea.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes: NHMUK 1844.6.7.10: 1 specimen, and NHMUK 1844.6.7.11: 1 specimen, both New Guinea (coll. E. Belcher) ;  NHMUK 1879.2.26.209, 2 specimens (coll. T. Lombe Taylor) . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Testa gracili attenuata, fusca; anfractibus 20-22, supra coarctatis, triseriatim granulosis, serie inferiore maxima albida, superiore minima; apertura subquadrata; sinu laterali lineari. Axis 6 lin.</p>
            <p>Geog. New Guinea; dredged from mud in from 5 to 18 fathoms.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>Slender, dark shell; 20-22 whorls, narrow above, with three series of granules, the whitish lower is the greatest, the upper one is the smallest; subquadrate aperture; linear posterior sinus. Height 6 lines.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Syntypes 12.2-13.3 mm high. Shell conical, narrow and very elongated. Teleoconch of ca 20 whorls with flat sides bearing three spiral cords with large tubercles at the intersection with prosocline axial ribs. The base has two additional almost smooth spiral cords. The last half whorl and peristome bear additional spiral cords between the main ones. Anterior siphonal canal long. The lectotype protonch is incomplete and worn but clearly multispiral and composed of at least four whorls with two strong keels; axial riblets are also likely present. Shell white to creamy-white.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The syntypes NHMUK 1844.6.7.10 and 1844.6.7.11 are broken into two fragments . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6063773DCB957FF9DA0A87968F1E7585	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
FB76C1E91A2C5035E71BBE067D8E5F9E.text	FB76C1E91A2C5035E71BBE067D8E5F9E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphoris (Ino) pagodus Hinds 1843	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphoris (Ino) pagodus Hinds, 1843</p>
            <p>Figure 34</p>
            <p> Triphoris (Ino) pagodus Hinds 1843a: 22, not illustrated. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Baclayon, island of Bohol, Philippines.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype: NHMUK 196517, fixed by monotypy (H. coll. H. Cuming) . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p> Tri. (Ino)  testâ cylindraceâ ,  elongatâ ,  acuminatâ , anfractibus 18-20,  tricarinatïs ; carinis inaequalibus, inferiore multo  maximâ , duobus superioribus parvis aequalibus;  aperturâ quadratâ . Axis  8½ lin. </p>
            <p>The only specimen of this shell is dead and imperfect. It is, however, slightly mottled with brown, being most probably the remains of a uniform colour. It is rendered very distinct from any species hitherto described by the manner of its keeling. A faint elevated line would also appear to traverse the course of the suture.</p>
            <p>Hab. Baclayon, island of Bohol, Philippines. Found under stones at low water.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p> Cylindrical shell, elongated, acuminate, 18-20 whorls, with three keels of unequal size, the lowest keel by far the largest, the two above equal and smaller; aperture quadrate. Height  8½ lines. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Holotype 18.9 mm. Shell extremely elongated with flat whorls. It lacks the apical part and a portion of the last whorl. The specimen has 15 whorls, with three spiral keels: the third is very prominent whereas the first two are smaller and of equal size. Between these keels, there are prosocline axial threads. Siphonal canal long, peristome missing in the holotype. The base bears one additional strong keel and a second smaller one. A third faint one runs on the siphonal canal. Apex missing in the holotype. Teleoconch worn, but apparently whitish with brown blotches.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB76C1E91A2C5035E71BBE067D8E5F9E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
9583CDF7133F6558FC53CD51B87AC702.text	9583CDF7133F6558FC53CD51B87AC702.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphoris (Ino) sculptus Hinds 1843	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphoris (Ino) sculptus Hinds, 1843</p>
            <p>Figure 37</p>
            <p> Triphoris (Ino) sculptus Hinds 1843b: 17, not illustrated. Illustration available in Hinds (1844): 28, pl. 8, fig. 3. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Straits of Malacca.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes: NHMUK 1844.6.7.17- 19, 3 specimens, Straits of Malacca (coll. E. Belcher) ;  NHMUK 1855.11.15.20, 1 specimen, no locality (coll. E. Belcher) ;  NHMUK 1879.2.26.201, 1 specimen, Straits of Malacca (J. Lombe-Taylor coll.) . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p> Testa pallide rufente; anfractibus 15-18 biseriatim granoso-carinatis, medio laevigatis carina secundaria; prope suturam carinula monilifera; sinu laterali patulo. Axis  4½ lin. </p>
            <p>Geog. Straits of Malacca; in 3 fathoms.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p> Shell pale reddish; 15-18 whorls with two granulated-keeled cords, with a smooth interspace with a secondary keel; a thin granulated keel near the suture; open posterior sinus. Height  4½ lines. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Subadult syntypes ca 9 mm high. Shell conical, with flat whorls bearing two quite thin main spiral cords with large oblong tubercles at the intersection with broad axial ribs. A third very fine spiral cord develops early in the teleoconch but never attains the strength of the other two whereas a fourth smooth cord is visible above the suture. A microsculpture of very fine threads is visible between the main cords. The apex is incomplete, but clearly bears a brown multispiral protoconch whose last two whorls have two strong spiral keels and axial riblets. The teleoconch has a whitish background with orange to brown flammulae.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> All available syntypes are subadults without a fully developed last whorl and peristome. Specimens NHMUK 1844.6.7.17 (Fig. 37A, B) and NHMUK 1844.6.7.19 (Fig. 37H) are probably those that best fit the figure by Hinds (1844) in terms of sculpture, colour pattern and shell profile. In contrast, NHMUK 1844.6.7.18 (Fig. 37G) has a much more slender profile and resembles  Triphoris bilix Hinds, 1844 (p. 185), NHMUK 1879.2.26.201 (Fig. 37J) is again more slender and has more numerous tubercles on the third spiral cord, superficially resembling  T. concors Hinds, 1844 (p. 193), and NHMUK 1855.11.15.20 might be a  Triphoris sculptus , but it is too ruined for proper identification. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9583CDF7133F6558FC53CD51B87AC702	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
CA381E2B0808A84C9496C6F91F9B2CAC.text	CA381E2B0808A84C9496C6F91F9B2CAC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphoris (Ino) vittatus Hinds 1843	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphoris (Ino) vittatus Hinds, 1843</p>
            <p>Figure 40</p>
            <p> Triphoris (Ino) vittatus Hinds 1843b: 17, not illustrated. Illustration available in Hinds (1844): 28, pl. 8, fig. 4. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Straits of Malacca.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes: NHMUK 1879.2.26.196: 2 specimens, Straits of Malacca (coll. T. Lombe Taylor) ;  NHMUK 1844.6.7.20, 1 specimen, Straits of Malacca (coll. E. Belcher) ;  NHMUK 1844.6.7.21, 1 specimen, Straits of Malacca (coll. E. Belcher) . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Testa laevigata, cornea; anfractibus 22-25 transversim leviter sulcatis, medio fusco elegantissime vittatis; apertura subquadrata; sinu laterali obsoleto. Axis 8 lin.</p>
            <p>Geog. Straits of Malacca; in 23 fathoms.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>Shell smooth, yellowish; 22-25 whorls crossed by faint threads, a graceful median dark band; subquadrate aperture; posterior sinus obsolete. Height 8 lines.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Syntype NHMUK 1879.2.26.196/1 17.3 mm high. Shell conical and slender, with more than 20 whorls bearing three smooth spiral cords and prosocline growth lines. A suprasutural smooth cord and very fine spiral threads are also visible. Periphery of the last whorl angulated, the base has one smoother spiral cord. Protoconch incomplete and very worn, but apparently multispiral with two spiral keels and axial riblets on the last two whorls. Teleoconch yellowish with an orange band between the second and third spiral cord.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CA381E2B0808A84C9496C6F91F9B2CAC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
94CB21322BC5F15FF26F9896A990C419.text	94CB21322BC5F15FF26F9896A990C419.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphoris (Mastonia) carteretensis Hinds 1843	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphoris (Mastonia) carteretensis Hinds, 1843</p>
            <p>Figure 22</p>
            <p> Triphoris (Mastonia) carteretensis Hinds 1843b: 20, not illustrated. Illustration available in Hinds (1844): 31, pl. 8, fig. 17. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>"Port Carteret, New Ireland" [Papua New Guinea].</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes: NHMUK 1879.2.26.205, 1 specimen, Port Carteret, New Ireland (coll. T. Lombe Taylor) . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Testa pallida; anfractibus quatuordecim triseriatim granulosis, serie media minima, infra duas superiores sulcatis; apertura subquadrata; sinu laterali patulo. Axis 3 lin.</p>
            <p>Geog. Port Carteret, New Ireland; among fine gravel at low water.</p>
            <p>The sulcus, which traverses the whorl transversely, will readily distinguish this species.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>Pale shell, fourteen whorls with three series of granules, the intermediate series is the smallest, under the upper ones with two series; subquadrate aperture, open posterior sinus. Height 3 lines.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Syntype 4.6 mm high. Shell cyrtoconoid with nine whorls with flat sides. Such whorls are ornamented by three spiral cords with tubercles at the intersection with the prosocline axial ribs. The second cord develops at mid-teleoconch and is initially a fine thread. Among the main cords, fine spiral threads are visible. A fourth tuberculated cord is present on the last whorl and the base has one more. The peristome shows additional spiral cords between the main ones. The posterior sinus is shallow, the siphonal canal short. The protoconch is missing. The teleoconch is brown to orange with darker interspaces between the spiral cords.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/94CB21322BC5F15FF26F9896A990C419	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
2D2C803586C024EE52E8CDDEA64DAB74.text	2D2C803586C024EE52E8CDDEA64DAB74.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphoris (Mastonia) castus Hinds 1843	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphoris (Mastonia) castus Hinds, 1843</p>
            <p>Figure 23</p>
            <p> Triphoris (Mastonia) castus Hinds 1843b: 20, not illustrated. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p> "St.  Vincent’s” , Caribbean. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes: NHMUK 196536: 1 specimen, and NHMUK 196537: 1 specimen, both St Vincent, Caribbean (J.E. Gray coll.) . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Testa parva; anfractibus duodecim, biseriatim eleganter granosis; serie inferiore parva fusca, superiore maxima margaritacea; apertura rotunda; sinu laterali postico tubiformi. Axis 2 lin.</p>
            <p> Geog. St.  Vincent’s , West Indies; Rev. W. J. Guilding. Cab. Gray et Metcalfe. </p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>Small shell; twelve whorls with two finely granulated rows; dark smaller lower row, whitish bigger upper one; rounded aperture; lateral sinus posteriorly tubular. Height 2 lines.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Syntype NHMUK 196536 4.9 mm high. Shell conical, with nine flat whorls bearing two strongly tubercled spiral cords. The base has one additional tubercled spiral cord. Siphonal canal quite long, with two spiral ridges, posterior canal tubular and ca 1 mm more interiorly than the lip. Protoconch paucispiral of 1.5 whorls. Shell white with an orange stripe on the second spiral cord.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Rolán and  Fernández-Garcés (1993) stated that a lectotype designation was in progress by Moolenbeek and Faber, but the paper was never published (M. Faber, pers. comm., May 2014). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2D2C803586C024EE52E8CDDEA64DAB74	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
D571A49503AA9FD20558F0553A92A4E1.text	D571A49503AA9FD20558F0553A92A4E1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphoris (Mastonia) clemens Hinds 1843	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphoris (Mastonia) clemens Hinds, 1843</p>
            <p>Figure 24</p>
            <p> Triphoris (Mastonia) clemens Hinds 1843b: 20, not illustrated. Illustration available in Hinds (1844): 30, pl. 8, fig. 16. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Straits of Malacca.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes: NHMUK 196540: 1 specimen, Straits of Malacca (H. Cuming coll.) . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Testa cornea nitenti; anfractibus quindecim triseriatim granulosis; serie media parva ad inferiorem appropinquante; inferiore prominulo-margaritacea; anfractus ultimi granulis parvis; sutura sulcata; apertura rotunda; sinu laterali patulo. Axis 3 lin.</p>
            <p>Geog. Straits of Malacca; from 20 fathoms, mud.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>Bright brown shell; fifteen whorls with three series of granules; the small intermediate one closer to the lower which is pearly grey; last whorls with small granules; grooved suture; rounded aperture; open posterior sinus. Height 3 lines.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Syntype 5.7 mm high. Shell conical with flat sides. The teleoconch has 12 flat whorls ornamented by three spiral cords with large rounded tubercles at the interstices with prosocline axial ribs. The second cord appears on the seventh whorl and is initially very narrow. A fourth suprasutural smooth cord is present which develops into a fully tuberculated cord on the last whorl. The base has two more tuberculated cords. Fine spiral threads are also visible among the main cords. The peristome is incomplete in the holotype hindering its description. Siphonal canal short. In the holotype, the protoconch is incomplete but clearly multispiral. Three whorls are visible and ornamented by two strong spiral keels and several equally strong axial riblets. The teleoconch has a whitish background with pearly tubercles and orange interstices. Protoconch brown.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D571A49503AA9FD20558F0553A92A4E1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
AC954585B51E27C610DD8F5F84D81A9B.text	AC954585B51E27C610DD8F5F84D81A9B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphoris (Mastonia) collaris Hinds 1843	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphoris (Mastonia) collaris Hinds, 1843</p>
            <p>Figure 25</p>
            <p> Triphoris (Mastonia) collaris Hinds 1843a: 23, not illustrated. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Island of Corregidor, Philippine Islands.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes: NHMUK 196518: 1 specimen, Philippines (H. coll. H. Cuming) . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p> Tri. (Mastonia)  testâ ovatâ ,  acuminatâ ; anfractibus duodecim biseriatim granulosis, serie inferiore  paululùm maximâ ,  margaritaceâ , superiore  pallidè fuscâ ; anfractu ultimo  quadriseriatìm subaequaliter catenato. Axis 4 lin. </p>
            <p>Hab. Island of Corregidor, Philippine Islands.</p>
            <p>Found among coarse sand at a depth of six fathoms. Many of these small shells have received an injury which has destroyed the mouth, and the present specimen has not escaped.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p> Triphora (Mastonia) with ovate pointed shell; 12 whorls with two series of granules, the lower a little bit larger, pearly, the upper faintly brown; last whorl with rather equal four cords. Height 4 lines. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>The examined syntype is 6.6 mm high. Shell cyrtoconoid, with flat whorls. The examined specimen lacks the apical part, but it has 11 whorls with two spiral cords ornamented by large tubercles at the intersection with prosocline axial ribs. A third very fine cord is visible below the first one on the last two to three whorls. Among the main cords, numerous finely tuberculated narrow spiral cords can be seen. Peristome and apex missing. Moderately long siphonal canal. The base has two additional, weakly granulated, spiral cords. The teleoconch has the upper spiral cord brown with paler tubercles and the lower spiral cord white. The last whorl has a distinct pattern of white tubercles and brown interspaces.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The locus typicus of  T. collaris is the Island of Corregidor in the Philippines. Although this locality is indicated in modern labels accompanying this lot in the NHMUK, an old label reports "Sandwich I." (Fig. 25F). Hinds stated in the original description the existence of several specimens and we can assume that this specimen is a syntype, although not topotypic. In the same lot, two more specimens were present, but they belong to completely different species, as already annotated by S.P. Dance in 1965. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC954585B51E27C610DD8F5F84D81A9B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
F8430D04A56BC52CDBFB3B0AE2837671.text	F8430D04A56BC52CDBFB3B0AE2837671.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphoris (Mastonia) grayii Hinds 1843	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphoris (Mastonia) grayii Hinds, 1843</p>
            <p>Figure 30</p>
            <p> Triphoris (Mastonia) grayii Hinds 1843b: 19, not illustrated. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>"The Mediterranean Sea".</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype: NHMUK 1874.9.9.2, fixed by monotypy (J.E. Gray coll.) . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p> Testa ovali; anfractibus decem, superioribus biseriatim granulosis moniliferis, duabus inferioribus triseriatim, serie media minima. Axis  4½ lin. </p>
            <p>Geog. The Mediterranean Sea. Cab. Gray.</p>
            <p>The single specimen of this very pretty shell has the mouth much injured.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p> Oval shell; ten whorls, the upper ones with two rows of granules, the lower ones with three rows, the intermediate the smallest. Height  4½ lines. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Holotype 8.2 mm high. Shell cyrtoconoid and rather broad. Teleoconch of 10 visible whorls, but likely the very first whorls are missing. Teleoconch whorls have two very strong spiral cords bearing large tubercles at the intersection with orthocline axial ribs. In the second half of the shell, a third finer one develops and a fine smooth suprasutural cord is also visible. Spiral microsculpture is also visible between the main cords. The base has one tuberculated and one smooth additional cords. The peristome is incomplete, but bears an additional spiral cord between the third and the fourth. The siphonal canal is well developed with additional smooth cords. The apex is missing. The teleoconch has a whitish background visible between the main cords which are deep orange in the interspaces and bear creamy tubercles.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This has not been recognized as a Mediterranean species (Bouchet 1985). In contrast, it is remarkably similar to the shell identified as  Monophorus cf. thiriotae Bouchet, 1985 illustrated by  Rolán (1993, 2001, 2005: 327) from the Canary Islands, the Cape Verde Islands and other localities in West Africa. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F8430D04A56BC52CDBFB3B0AE2837671	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
8E33420D3441BB10283036320422BB13.text	8E33420D3441BB10283036320422BB13.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphoris (Mastonia) monilifer Hinds 1843	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphoris (Mastonia) monilifer Hinds, 1843</p>
            <p>Figure 33</p>
            <p> Triphoris (Mastonia) monilifer Hinds 1843b: 19, not illustrated. Illustration available in Hinds (1844): 30, pl. 8, fig. 14. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Straits of Malacca.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes: NHMUK 1879.2.26.208: 3 specimens, Straits of Malacca (coll. T. Lombe Taylor) ;  NHMUK 1844.6.7.28-29, 2 specimens, Straits of Malacca (coll. E. Belcher) . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Testa parva, elegantissime monili; anfractibus decem biseriatim granulosis; granulis seriei inferioris albis intervallis rubris, supremae albis; apertura subquadrata, sinu laterali angusto. Axis 2⅓ lin.</p>
            <p>Geog. Straits of Malacca; in 18 to 23 fathoms, mud. The manner in which the lower series of markings is repeated in the last whorl is very evident in this species, though to be met with in nearly the whole. Thus, the series of beading, which is single on the upper whorls, will here be found to be double on the last.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>Small shell, elegant like a jewel; ten whorls with two series of granules; the lower series with white granules with red interspaces, the upper one white; subquadrate aperture, narrow posterior sinus. Height 2⅓ lines.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Syntype NHMUK 1879.2.26.208/1 (Fig. 33A-G) 4.4 mm high. Shell conical and rather broad. Teleoconch of nine whorls with two main spiral cords bearing tubercles at the intersection with prosocline axial ribs. A fine third cord develops on the last whorl and numerous fine punctuated spiral striae are present between the main cords. A fourth and fifth smooth spiral cords are visible on the base. The peristome bears a deep posterior sinus and additional spiral cords near the lip. Anterior siphonal canal short. Protoconch multispiral of 5 whorls. The first is apparently smooth, while the others bear a strong spiral keel and axial riblets. Protoconch brown. Teleoconch with a creamy white background and orange interspaces between tubercles.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8E33420D3441BB10283036320422BB13	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
A87B3CB367520417586024D38D7AD009.text	A87B3CB367520417586024D38D7AD009.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphoris (Mastonia) roseus Hinds 1843	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphoris (Mastonia) roseus Hinds, 1843</p>
            <p>Figure 35</p>
            <p> Triphoris (Mastonia) roseus Hinds 1843b: 21, not illustrated. Illustration available in Hinds (1844): 31, pl. 8, fig. 19. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>"Pacific Ocean?"</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes: NHMUK 1879.2.26.212: 1 specimen, South Pacific Ocean (coll. T. Lombe Taylor) . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p> Testa ovali; anfractibus decem biseriatim granulosis, seriebus corneis, medio laevigato roseo serie tertia parva; apertura rotundata. Axis  3½ lin. </p>
            <p>Geog. Pacific Ocean? Cab. Metcalfe.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p> Shell oval; 10 whorls with two granulated brownish cords; in the middle, a third small smooth pink cord; rounded aperture. Height  3½ lines. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Syntype 5.5 mm high. Shell conical with 10 visible flat whorls, but the apical part is missing. Two main spiral cords run on the whorls; a third develops in between, initially as a fine thread and then as a fully-grown cord on the last whorl. Large, subrectangular tubercles are present at the intersection with slightly prosocline axial ribs. The last whorl and the base have three additional weakly tuberculated spiral cords. Very fine microsculpture is visible between the main spiral cords and axial ribs. The peristome has a very shallow posterior sinus and apparently does not bear additional spiral cords. The protoconch is missing in the syntype. Teleoconch light orange with pink to pearly lower spiral cords.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A87B3CB367520417586024D38D7AD009	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
7F77009B902796BD38B1948152B51071.text	7F77009B902796BD38B1948152B51071.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphoris (Mastonia) ruber Hinds 1843	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphoris (Mastonia) ruber Hinds, 1843</p>
            <p>Figure 36</p>
            <p> Triphoris (Mastonia) ruber Hinds 1843b: 19-20, not illustrated. Illustration available in Hinds (1844): 30, pl. 8, fig. 15. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>"New Ireland" [Papua New Guinea].</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes: NHMUK 1844.6.7.22-26: 5 specimens, New Ireland (coll. E. Belcher) ;  NHMUK 1879.2.26.192/1-5: 5 specimens, New Ireland and Straits of Malacca (J. Lombe Taylor coll.) . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Testa rufa; anfractibus undecim biseriatim granulosis, seriebus subdistantibus suturam obtegentibus; apertura rotundata; sinu laterali margine contracto. Axis 4 lin.</p>
            <p>Geog. New Ireland; numerous among fine gravel at low water. Straits of Malacca; in 20 fathoms.</p>
            <p>Its reddish colour and double series of tubercles will readily distinguish this shell. In some of the specimens, a small intermediate series is about to make its appearance on the one or two inferior whorls.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>Shell red; 11 whorls with two granulated threads, lower series covering the suture; aperture rounded; sinus on the peristome with contracted edges. Height 4 lines.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Syntype NHMUK 1844.6.7.22 (Fig. 36A-H) 5 mm high. Shell conical and broad. Teleoconch of 12 flat whorls bearing two large cords with tubercles at the interstices with opisthocline axial ribs. A third spiral cord is visible on the last whorl as a fine smooth thread just below the first cord. The base bears two additional weakly tuberculated cords. In between the main sculpture, fine numerous finely tuberculated spiral cords are visible. The peristome has a deep posterior sinus and fine additional spiral cords. Siphonal canal short. Protoconch multispiral, of four whorls; the first has spherical tubercles, while the others bear two spiral keels and axial riblets. Teleoconch pink to light violet, with lighter tubercles. Protoconch brown. Operculum horny, rather thin, ovate, multispiral of about  4½ whorls, nucleus a little eccentric, periphery thin and only a little upturned. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F77009B902796BD38B1948152B51071	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
0EF49EDB256D1C2C8CBF7D092717E047.text	0EF49EDB256D1C2C8CBF7D092717E047.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphoris (Mastonia) tristis Hinds 1843	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphoris (Mastonia) tristis Hinds, 1843</p>
            <p>Figure 38</p>
            <p> Triphoris (Mastonia) tristis Hinds 1843b: 20, not illustrated. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Not reported.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes: NHMUK 196538: 1 specimen, and NHMUK 196539: 1 fragment (but likely conspecific), both without locality (J.E. Gray coll.) . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Testa ovali elongata, ferruginea; anfractibus tridecim biseriatim granulosis; serie superiori paululum maxima et albida; anfractu penultimo serie tertia minima. Axis 3 lin.</p>
            <p>Geog. -? Cab. Gray.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>Shell oval and elongated, reddish; 13 whorls with two granulated cords; the upper one slightly larger and white; on the penultimate whorl a small third cord appears. Height 3 lines.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Syntype NHMUK 196538 6.2 mm high. Shell conical, composed of 13 teleoconch flat whorls which bear two main tuberculated spiral cords. A third develops in between on the penultimate whorl as a fine thread but attains full size on the last whorl. The base has two additional weakly tuberculated whorls. The apex is broken in the lectotype, but remnants of the last protoconch whorl suggest a multispiral type. Such last whorl bears a single strong spiral keel and axial riblets. Shell brown, with pearly white tubercles on the first spiral cord.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0EF49EDB256D1C2C8CBF7D092717E047	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
87DA114C9B240191C7EB4C84F0C209C9.text	87DA114C9B240191C7EB4C84F0C209C9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphoris (Mastonia) vulpinus Hinds 1843	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphoris (Mastonia) vulpinus Hinds, 1843</p>
            <p>Figure 41</p>
            <p> Triphoris (Mastonia) vulpinus Hinds 1843b: 19, not illustrated. Illustration available in Hinds (1844): 30, pl. 8, fig. 13. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>New Ireland [Papua New Guinea].</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes: NHMUK 1879.2.26.199: 1 specimen, New Ireland (coll. T. Lombe Taylor) . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Testa nigricante; anfractibus quatuordecim tricarinatis; carina inferiore albida; apertura rotundata; sinu laterali subnullo. Axis 3 lin.</p>
            <p>Geog. New Ireland; found, with other small shells, among fine gravel about low-water mark.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>Shell black; 14 whorls with three cords; the lowest cord white; rounded aperture; posterior sinus nearly absent. Height 3 lines.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Syntype 5.5 mm high. Shell strongly cyrtoconoid, broad. Teleoconch of 11 flat whorls with two main smooth spiral cords. A third develops in between early in the teleoconch. Several fine threads run between the main cords. There are faint prosocline axial ribs which form tubercles on the fourth spiral cord visible on the base which has a fifth smooth cord too. The peristome is incomplete in the lectotype, but likely bears additional spiral cords. Also, the apex is incomplete, but clearly bears a dark-brown multispiral protoconch whose last two whorls have two strong keels and axial riblets. Teleoconch brown with white to pearly flammulae particularly evident on the abapical spiral cord.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Hinds (1843a) introduced the genus  Mastonia without designating the type species but listing as first species  T. vulpinus . The type species designation was later done by Jousseaume (1884) who selected  T. ruber Hinds, 1843. Such designation is valid (ICZN 1999, Article 69.1) because  T. ruber is an originally included nominal species (ICZN 1999, Article 67.2). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/87DA114C9B240191C7EB4C84F0C209C9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
2D6D45F70BF341E8A4C81BC421323EC3.text	2D6D45F70BF341E8A4C81BC421323EC3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphoris (Sychar) vitreus Hinds 1843	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphoris (Sychar) vitreus Hinds, 1843</p>
            <p>Figure 39</p>
            <p> Triphoris (Sychar) vitreus Hinds 1843b: 19, not illustrated. Illustration available in Hinds (1844): 30, pl. 8, fig. 12. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Straits of Malacca.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes: NHMUK 1879.2.26.210: 1 specimen, Straits of Malacca (J. Lombe Taylor coll.) . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p> Testa pellucida; anfractibus quindecim laevigatis rotundatis, lineis duabus elevatis cinctis; apice mamillari; apertura subquadrata; sinu laterali patulo. Axis  4½ lin. </p>
            <p>Geog. Straits of Malacca; dredged from 20 fathoms. One of the elevated lines traverses the whorl about its centre; the other, not at first very apparent, will be found on its lower surface near the suture.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p> Transparent shell; 15 rounded whorls, smooth, surrounded by two lines; apex mamillated; aperture subquadrate; open posterior sinus. Height  4½ lines. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Syntype 8.7 mm high. Conical shell with 12 slightly convex whorls with numerous prosocline growth lines and two deep spiral grooves. Very fine spiral threads are also visible. Base smooth. Peristome with no clear posterior sinus, siphonal canal short. Protoconch paucispiral with one large smooth whorl. Shell colour yellowish-white.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2D6D45F70BF341E8A4C81BC421323EC3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
350A7FA6CD00C6942B724F4D4D947440.text	350A7FA6CD00C6942B724F4D4D947440.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphoris affinis Pease 1861	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphoris affinis Pease, 1861</p>
            <p>Figure 72</p>
            <p> Triphoris affinis Pease 1861: 434, not illustrated. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>"Sandwich Islands" (Hawaiian Islands).</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Lectotype: NHMUK 1962808 (coll. H. Cuming) (lectotype selection by inference of holotype by Kay (1965)) . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Shell elongately turreted, shining; whorls composed of three regular-sized rows of granules; canal short, tubular. Colour reddish brown.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Lectotype 6.4 mm high. Shell conical with flat whorls. Teleoconch of 13 whorls with three tubercled spiral cords of which the first is weaker on the very first whorls. A very fine smooth suprasutural cord is also visible on the lower whorls. Almost orthocline axial ribs intersect the spiral cords to form the tubercles. Fine growth striae are visible in the interspaces. The last whorl has a fourth spiral cord between the second and the third. The peristome is broken. The siphonal canal is very short. The base has three smooth additional spiral cords. The holotype protoconch is clearly multispiral with at least three whorls, but it is apically very worn and thus it is difficult to precisely quantify the number of whorls. The last two are ornamented by two spiral keels and axial riblets. The shell is brown.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This name is preoccupied by  T. affinis Hinds, 1843. Therefore, Jousseaume (1884) introduced a new name,  Mastonia peasi . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/350A7FA6CD00C6942B724F4D4D947440	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
62D6329AA76A46FC97A1D9D4636EA0A0.text	62D6329AA76A46FC97A1D9D4636EA0A0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphoris albidus A. Adams 1854	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphoris albidus A. Adams, 1854</p>
            <p>Figure 2</p>
            <p> Triphoris albidus Adams 1854: 278, not illustrated. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Honduras.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes: NHMUK 196563 and 196564: 1 specimen each, Honduras (coll. H. Cuming) . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p> T.  testâ subulato-pyramidali,  albidâ ,  nitidâ ; anfractibus planulatis, subimbricatis, granosoclathratis, granis oblongis, serie granorum inferiore  prominulâ , anfractu ultimo basi fulvo; canali brevi, subrecurvo. </p>
            <p>Hab. Honduras (Dyson). Mus. Cuming.</p>
            <p>A solid, white, shining, pyramidal species, with oblong granules disposed in three series on each whorl.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>Whitish and clean shell with a pyramidal-subulate shell; flat-sided whorls, subimbricated, clathrated with oblong granules whose inferior series is slightly prominent, base of the last whorl reddish; short anterior siphonal canal slightly curved.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Syntypes are 9.6 and 8.1 mm high. Shell conical, with rather flat sides. Teleoconch of ca 12 whorls. Three spiral cords are present, the second weaker at the beginning but visible since the early teleoconch. Such cords are large, flat, adorned by elongated and coalescent granules, which become more distinct on the peristome. Base with three additional granulated cords. Apex not present in the type specimens. Colour whitish with brown base.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The syntypes lack the apex, but  Rolán and  Fernández-Garcés (1995) illustrated a morphologically similar specimen with a multispiral protoconch, sculptured by two spiral keels and axial riblets. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/62D6329AA76A46FC97A1D9D4636EA0A0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
968C94C6C9D339ABA970FEF5DD9B255C.text	968C94C6C9D339ABA970FEF5DD9B255C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphoris alternata Pease 1861	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphoris alternata Pease, 1861</p>
            <p>Figure 73</p>
            <p> Triphoris alternata Pease 1861: 434, not illustrated. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>"Sandwich Islands" (Hawaiian Islands).</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Lectotype: NHMUK 1962816, designated by Kay (1965) (coll. H. Cuming). Paralectotypes: NHMUK 1962817, 2 specimens (see Remarks), Hawaiian Islands (coll. H. Cuming) . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Shell turreted; whorls composed of three regular-sized rows of granules, the middle one of dark reddish brown, the remaining two of a waxy-yellow colour; base longitudinally striated; canal closed, tubular.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Lectotype 6.2 mm high. Shell slightly cyrtoconoid, with very flat whorls. Teleoconch of ten whorls with three spiral cords bearing tubercles at the intersection with slightly prosocline axial ribs. The second cord develops later on the fifth whorl. Very fine growth lines are visible all along the shell. Peristome partly broken in the type specimens, but it apparently bears at least one additional spiral cord between the second and the third. Siphonal canal short. The base has a fourth weakly tubercled spiral cord and two more smooth ones. The apex is missing in the type series. The teleoconch has the first spiral cord very light brown, the second and the third brown and the interspace in between dark brown. The last whorl is very light brown with three distinct dark brown spiral stripes.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Lot NHMUK 1962817 contains two specimens. Both were listed as paralectotypes by Kay (1965), but they actually represent two species. The second (Fig. 73K) can be easily distinguished from  T. alternata by its colour pattern (the first spiral cord and not the second is dark brown), the more numerous axial ribs and smaller tubercles.  Triphoris alternata is a junior homonym of  T. alternatus C.B. Adams, 1852 (ICZN 1999, Article 57). Therefore, Pease (1868) introduced  Triphoris bicolor Pease, 1868 as a replacement name. A specimen with this name labelled as  “holotype” is reported for the MCZ (50057). Jousseaume (1884) also later introduced  Mastonia harperi to replace  T. alternata . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/968C94C6C9D339ABA970FEF5DD9B255C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
0848DDC34963B95A94B3663BEB3795DB.text	0848DDC34963B95A94B3663BEB3795DB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphoris alveolatus Adams & Reeve 1850	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphoris alveolatus Adams &amp; Reeve, 1850</p>
            <p>Figure 10</p>
            <p> Triphoris alveolatus Adams and Reeve 1850: 45, pl. 11, fig. 30a, b. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>"China Sea".</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Not found, see remarks.</p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p> Triph.  testâ elongato-pyramidali, anfractibus viginti ad quatnor et viginti, planulatis, spiraliter triseriatim liratis, lirarum interstitiis clathratis; intus extusque  fuscâ . </p>
            <p>Hab. China Sea.</p>
            <p>The whorls of this species are flattened and deeply latticed throughout. The aperture is incomplete.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>Triphorid with an elongated-pyramidal shell of 20 to 24 plain whorls, three latticed spiral rows; brown in colour.</p>
            <p>Hab. China Sea</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The two specimens preserved in the NHMUK (196515 and 196516) and belonging to the Cuming collection cannot be considered syntypes. The original description, as well as the original figure (Fig. 10G), describe a specimen with an incomplete aperture, in contrast to the specimen illustrated in Figure 10A-C. Moreover, the original description refers to a shell with 20 whorls, while both specimens found have 9-12 teleoconch whorls; specimen in Figure 10D has also a large paucispiral protoconch in contrast to the elongated and pointed profile of the original figure which suggests a multispiral protoconch. At present,  T. alveolatus should be considered a nomen dubium. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0848DDC34963B95A94B3663BEB3795DB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
791F8061E271525EC07B2EF51F2E849E.text	791F8061E271525EC07B2EF51F2E849E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphoris angasi Crosse & Fischer 1865	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphoris angasi Crosse &amp; Fischer, 1865</p>
            <p>Figure 15</p>
            <p> Triphoris angasi Crosse and Fischer 1865: 46, pl. 1, figs 12, 13. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>"St. Vincent" [Gulf St Vincent, South Australia].</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes: NHMUK 1870.10.26.127, 1 specimen, St. Vincent Gulf, South Australia (coll. G.F. Angas) . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>T. imperforata, sinistrorsa, conico-turrita, subelongata, tenuiuscula, brunnea; apice acuminato; sutura linearis, fere inconspicua; anfr. 15 planiusculi, embryonales 3 laeves, sequentes cingulis 3 granulorum (intermedio paulo minore) spiraliter impressi, ultimus quadricingulatus, transversim zona alba ornatus, basi brunneo-violacea; apertura oblique subquadrato-piriformis, intus brunneo lirata, margine columellari arcuato, externo flexuoso, in vicinio columellae ligulatim ascendente; canali brevi tubuliformi. - Long. 7 millim., diam. maj. 1 millim. 7/19.</p>
            <p> Hab. in sinu  “Saint-Vincent” dicto (coll. Angas). </p>
            <p> Coquille  imperforée ,  sénestre , de forme  conico-turriculée ,  suballongée , assez mince et de couleur brune; le sommet est  acuminé , la suture  linéaire et Presque imperceptible. Les tours, au nombre de 15, sont aplatis; les trois premiers sont lisses, les suivants sont  ornés transversalement de trois cercles de granulations assez grosses; celui du milieu est un peu plus petit que les autres, et tend  même à disparaître dans les tours  supérieurs ; le dernier tour porte quatre cingulations au lieu de trois, et est  orné d’une zone blanche transverse; sa partie basale est  d’un brun  violâtre .  L’ouverture ,  située un peu obliquement, est  plutôt piriforme que quadrangulaire, et  marquée de quelques lignes brunes  à l’intérieur . Le bord columellaire est  arqué , le bord externe est flexueux et vient  s’appliquer , en forme de languette, le long de la columelle. Le canal est court et tubuliforme. - La longueur totale de la coquille est de 7  millimètres , son plus grand diameter de 1 7/10. </p>
            <p> Cette  espèce provident du golfe de Saint-Vincent. Le T. hindsi, Deshayes (1), est,  à notre connaissance, la forme qui  s’en rapproche le plus sous le rapport du  système de sculpture; mais les granulations sont proportionnellement plus grosses dans le T. angasi, qui compte,  d’ailleurs , trois tours de spire de plus, et qui se distingue par son ouverture plus large et par la zone blanche de son dernier tour. Nous  dédions cette  espèce à M. French Angas. </p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>Sinistral imperforated shell, turreted-conical, subelongated, rather slender, brown; sharp apex; linear suture more or less inconspicuous; 15 rather flat whorls, three light embryonic, subsequent with three spiral rows of granules (smaller intermediate), four on the last with a white spiral band, base violet-brown; subsquared, pyriform slanting aperture with brown lines inside, arched columellar edge, bending external lip ascending like a strip near the columella; short, tubular anterior siphon. Length 7 mm, major diameter 1 7/ 19 mm.</p>
            <p>Habitat. In the gulf known as "St. Vincent" (coll. Angas).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Syntype 5.9 mm. Shell conical, with flat sides. Teleoconch of 11 whorls, with three spiral cords with tubercles at the intersection with opisthocline axial ribs. The second cord appears on the fifth whorl as a fine thread and becomes fully grown at mid-shell height. A fourth poorly sculptured cord is sometimes visible suprasuturally. Fine growth striae are visible, especially in the interspaces of cords and ribs. The peristome has a shallow posterior sinus and no additional cords. The siphonal canal is short. The base has two additional almost smooth spiral cords. The protoconch is multispiral, but the upper whorls are missing in the lectotype, impeding the quantification of the number of whorls. The lower three whorls have two spiral keels and axial riblets. Teleoconch brown with lighter tubercles, fourth spiral cord on the last whorl white, base deep brown, apex likely white (although worn in the lectotype).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This specimen may not be the one on which Crosse and Fischer based their original description, because it is smaller in size (5.9 vs 7 mm) and with fewer whorls (11 vs 15). However, it matches very well the original description and figure; the label (Fig. 15L) specifies that this is a  “type” , from the type locality and collected by G.F. Angas (Crosse and Fischer specified that the new species was based on  Angas’ material). Therefore, we consider this specimen as belonging to the type series. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/791F8061E271525EC07B2EF51F2E849E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
D002C175C67E547BBB89CEE4F8BD8A44.text	D002C175C67E547BBB89CEE4F8BD8A44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphoris cingulatus A. Adams 1854	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphoris cingulatus A. Adams, 1854</p>
            <p>Figure 3</p>
            <p> Triphoris cingulatus Adams 1854: 279, not illustrated. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Red Sea.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes: NHMUK 196567: 1 specimen, Red Sea (coll. H. Cuming) ;  NHMUK 196568/1-3: 3 specimens, Red Sea (coll. H. Cuming) . </p>
            <p>Additional material.</p>
            <p> NHMUK 1878.1.28.452: 1 specimen (coll. H. Adams) . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p> T.  testâ elongato-pyramidali,  cinereâ ; anfractibus sexdecim ad octodecim, spiraliter tricingulatis,  cingulâ medianâ minore, interstitiis carinarum longitudinaliter valde striates. </p>
            <p> Hab. Red Sea (  Rüppell ). Mus. Cuming. </p>
            <p>An ashy-grey species, with three smooth keels on each whorl, and the interstices strongly striated: somewhat similar to the T. corrugatus of Hinds.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>Elongate-pyramidal shell, ash-gray; sixteen to eighteen whorls with three spiral cords whose intermediate is smaller, interstices among carinas strongly axially striated.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Syntypes ranging in size from 9.6 to 14.4 mm. A slender conical shell with flat sides. Teleoconch of 15-20 whorls, with two strong smooth spiral cords and a weakly granulated third in between, which appears as a fine thread in the early teleoconch. Fine threads are visible between the cords. No complete peristome is present among the studied material, but the specimen from the H. Adams collection shows additional smooth spiral cords (Fig. 3K). Siphonal canal well developed. The base bears one strong weakly granulated additional spiral cord, followed by a weak thread. Another weak thread runs from the columella on the siphonal canal. The protoconch is present in a single paratype (Fig. 3J); it is poorly preserved but clearly multispiral, possibly with two spiral keels on the lower whorls. Spiral cords greyish, with brown interspaces, protoconch and base.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p>A label accompanying lot NHMUK 1878.1.28.452 specifies that this is not a type specimen "fide Dance, 1965". Indeed, this specimen comes from the H. Adams collection and, thus, is not from the original series of the Cuming collection.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D002C175C67E547BBB89CEE4F8BD8A44	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
1E057D870FE270743C68CD516FC08813.text	1E057D870FE270743C68CD516FC08813.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphoris cingulifera Pease 1861	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphoris cingulifera Pease, 1861</p>
            <p>Figure 74</p>
            <p> Triphoris cingulifera Pease 1861: 434, not illustrated. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>"Sandwich Islands" (Hawaiian Islands).</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Lectotype: NHMUK 1962812, designated by Kay (1965) (coll. H. Cuming). Paralectotypes: NHMUK 1962813, 4 specimens (see Remarks), Hawaiian Islands (coll. H. Cuming); MCZ 50056, 4 specimens, Hawaiian Islands; MCZ 50076, 1 specimen, Hawaiian Islands (see Remarks); MCZ 73737, 25 specimens, Hawaiian Islands . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Shell subulate; whorls about ten, ornamented by a row of granules at both margins, interstices concavely rounded, with a raised stria at the upper side, last whorl with three granulose ribs; canal short and tubular. Colour waxy-yellow, lower row of granules and ribs on last whorl purplish-red.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Lectotype 5.6 mm high. Shell cyrtoconoid with flat whorls. Teleoconch of nine whorls bearing three spiral cords. The second develops later and remains much thinner than the others all along the teleoconch. These cords bear tubercles and the intersections with the prosocline axial ribs. Growth lines are visible, especially between the ribs. The peristome bears numerous additional spiral cords and a deep posterior sinus. Siphonal canal relatively long. The base has a fourth tubercled spiral cord and two smoother ones. The apex is missing in the lectotype. The teleoconch background colour is yellowish-brown, the third, fourth and fifth spiral cord are dark brown.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> MCZ 50056 is erroneously identified as the holotype in the MCZ ledger and in the online catalogue. Pease (1861) did not specify on how many specimens he based his description, but the multiple specimens in the H. Cuming collection suggest that he had more than one on which he based the description. Thus, the  “holotype” remark in the MCZ ledger has no support and  Kay’s (1965) lectotype designation should be regarded as valid. Kay (1965) listed seven paratypes in lot 1962813, but only four are currently present (as also noted by Kathie Way in 1983 on labels accompanying the shells). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E057D870FE270743C68CD516FC08813	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
5763448832AA3D77959D0F4C1D1D2DEB.text	5763448832AA3D77959D0F4C1D1D2DEB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphoris clavata Pease 1861	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphoris clavata Pease, 1861</p>
            <p>Figure 75</p>
            <p> Triphoris clavata Pease 1861: 434, not illustrated. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>"Sandwich Islands" (Hawaiian Islands).</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Lectotype: NHMUK 1962814, designated by Kay (1965) (coll. H. Cuming). Paralectotype: NHMUK 1962815, 1 specimen, Hawaiian Islands (coll. H. Cuming) . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Shell elongate subulate; whorls fifteen to eighteen, bordered on each side by a row of granules, interstices concavely rounded, finely striated spirally, and bordered against the upper row of granules by a light ridge, obsoletely granulose; canal slightly recurved. Colour white or yellowish, interstices between the granules of a purplish or reddish brown, and spotted irregularly with the same.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Lectotype 7.3 mm high. Shell weakly cyrtoconoid with flat whorls. Apical whorls broken off. The remaining eight whorls bear two strong spiral cords and a weaker one in second position which develops around mid-shell height. The cords bear tubercles at the interstices with prosocline axial ribs. A fine smooth suprasutural cord is also visible. Numerous very fine spiral cords are present in the interspaces of the main cords. The peristome is partly broken but likely bears weak additional spiral cords. The posterior siphonal sinus is deep and roundish. Siphonal canal rather long. The base has two additional tubercled spiral cords. The protoconch is missing. The shell has a whitish background colour with an orange-brown spiral band between the two main spiral cords with occasional darker blotches.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5763448832AA3D77959D0F4C1D1D2DEB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
5F263B42126FBD816EB19F3BD4261B37.text	5F263B42126FBD816EB19F3BD4261B37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphoris conspersus E. A. Smith 1875	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphoris conspersus E.A. Smith, 1875 ex A. Adams ms</p>
            <p>Figure 84</p>
            <p> Triphoris conspersus E.A. Smith 1875: 106, not illustrated. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>"Cape Sima" (Shima Peninsula, Mie Prefecture), Japan.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes: NHMUK 1873.8.6.135, Cape Sima, Japan: 1 specimen ;  NHMUK 196545, Japan: 3 specimens (ex H. Cuming coll.) . </p>
            <p>Additional material.</p>
            <p>  NHMUK 1878.1.28.435, Japan: 2 specimens (ex A. Adams coll.);  Triphora sp. (not  Triphoris conspersus ), NHMUK 1878.1.28.450, Japan (ex A. Adams coll.)  . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Testa parva, elongata, lateribus levissime convexis; anfractus circiter 16 granulorum seriebus tribus cincti (suprema albida, hic illic fusco-maculata, mediana quam caeteris longe tenuiore, albida, infima pallide violacea); sutura distincta, canaliculata; anfr. ultimus infra granula carinis tribus cinctus; apertura rotunde ovata; canalis brevis recurvus.</p>
            <p> Long.  8½ mill., diam. 2. </p>
            <p>Hab. Cape Sima, 18 fathoms, sand and broken shells.</p>
            <p> This is a very pretty species, and appears to be undescribed hitherto, the above name being probably but a manuscript one attached to specimens in  Cuming’s collection. </p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>Small shell, elongated, slightly convex; about 16 whorls encircled by three series of granules (the apical whitish and brownish spotted, the intermediate fainter than the others, whitish, the abapical light violet); distinct suture, canaliculated; last whorl with three carinae under the rows of granules; aperture round ovate; anterior siphon short, curved.</p>
            <p> Height  8½ , diameter 2 mm. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Syntypes ranging between 4.5 and 6.5 mm high. Shell conical, with flat whorls. Teleoconch up to 13 whorls bearing three spiral cords bearing tubercles at the intersection with prosocline axial ribs. The second cord develops on the seventh whorl and attains full size only on the last whorl. Suture impressed. Not a single specimen of the type series bears a complete peristome which can be described. Base with two additional smooth thin spiral cords. Siphonal canal long. Protoconch multispiral. The last three whorls present in a specimen of the type series bear a single strong spiral keel and axial riblets. Background teleoconch colour white with orange-brown blotches and the third spiral row which can tend to purple. Protoconch brown.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> E.A. Smith stated that this name was "a manuscript one attached [by A. Adams] to specimens in the  Cuming’s collection". Only lot NHMUK 196545 comes from the  Cuming’s collection, as reported on a modern label; it bears only  “Japan” as the locality. However, the lot NHMUK 1873.8.6.135 bears an old label with the same locality data as stated in the original description ("Cape Sima, 18 fms", Fig. 84H) and another one with the name of J.G. Jeffreys on it. Two additional lots come from the H. Adams collection: 1878.1.28.435 and 1878.1.28.450. Their inventory numbers suggest they were deposited in the NHMUK after the species was described. Moreover, the latter at least (Fig. 84K) does not seem to be  T. conspersus because of its smaller tubercles, which are whitish on a brown teleoconch background colour instead of white with brown spots (" suprema albida, hic illic fusco-maculata "). Due to the uncertainty about what material E.A. Smith had examined at the time of preparing the  species’ description, we refrain from selecting a lectotype. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F263B42126FBD816EB19F3BD4261B37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
32E3ED936CD8890F5F860279F50B5ED8.text	32E3ED936CD8890F5F860279F50B5ED8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphoris cucullatus de Folin 1867	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphoris cucullatus de Folin, 1867</p>
            <p>Figure 17</p>
            <p> Triphoris cucullatus de Folin 1867: 72, pl. VI, fig. 13. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Negritos and Iles aux Perles, Bay of Panama, Panama (de Folin 1867: 9); Iles aux Perles, Panama fide Kisch (1960).</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Not found.</p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p> Testa elongato-turgidula, apice acuminata, alba, fusco marmorata; anfractibus septedecimis, sutura simplici junctis; prioribus liris duobus spiralibus, margaritis notatis; sequentibus inaequaliter triliratis; ultimo margaritarum seriebus quinis vel sextis ornato, testae  ¼ adaequante; apertura subcirculari in canalem brevem, obliquum, clausum, desinente. </p>
            <p>Long. 0,0075. Diam. 0,0019, 0.002.</p>
            <p> Très curieuse  espèce ,  allongée , un peu ventrue,  très acuminée , de couleur blanche  marbrée de brun, se fondant en des nuances  légères , quelquefois  d’un brun  foncé ,  marbrée par des  atténuations de teintes. Cette fort jolie coquille est  composée de dix-sept tours de spire qui sont  réunis par une suture simple, assez profonde. Le dernier de ces tours  équivaut au quart environ de la longueur totale de la coquille. Ils sont  ornés , les premiers, de deux cordons, puis de trois, le dernier de cinq et  même de six. Sur les tours  ornés de trois, le cordon du milieu est plus petit que les deux autres. Ils sont  séparés par des sillons assez  étroits , et sont  divisés par une  série de perles arrondies du plus gracieux effet.  L’ouverture est presque circulaire et  présente un  caractère assez singulier. Le bord gauche, simple et  crénelé ,  décrit les trois quarts environ  d’un cercle et vient, en passant par dessus la columelle, retomber sur la base de la coquille; en cet endroit il forme un angle  très-aigu suivant lequel il se rejette en  arrière , suit une autre courbe et produit un canal arrondi fort court qui se trouve ainsi  presqu’entièrement recouvert. Le bord droit  s’arrondit lui-même en  s’inclinant vivement pour rejoindre la base sur laquelle il termine la courbure de  l’ouverture . </p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p> Swollen-elongated shell, sharp apex, white, dark marbled; seventeen whorls with a plain suture; earliest with two spiral rows of granules; subsequent with three unequal rows; last with five or six series of granules, as large as  ¼ of the shell; subcircular aperture ending in a short, slanting, closed canal. </p>
            <p>Length 0.0075. Diam 0.0019, 0.002.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The lot NHMUK 1984153 contains two labels stating "De  Folin’s syntype in coll. Sykes" signed by A. Blake and "  Triphora cucullata Folin, Panama (Folin coll.)". However, the specimen is very different from what was described by de Folin and from the original figure (Fig. 17G).  T. cucullatus is described as having 17 whorls while the shell found has seven whorls (although a few may be lacking because the apex is incomplete). In addition, the pointed profile is missing, and the original figure shows a colour pattern with a dark first spiral cord on a white background which is the opposite of the one of the shells. Therefore, we do not consider this specimen belonging to the type series. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/32E3ED936CD8890F5F860279F50B5ED8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
526AEB37B85EBD263BE2353A43BD8484.text	526AEB37B85EBD263BE2353A43BD8484.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphoris festivus A. Adams 1854	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphoris festivus A. Adams, 1854</p>
            <p>Figure 4</p>
            <p> Triphoris festivus Adams 1854: 278, not illustrated. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Port Lincoln, Australia.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Lectotype: NHMUK 196559, designated by Marshall (1983) (coll. H. Cuming). Paralectotype: NHMUK 196560: 1 specimen, Port Lincoln, Australia (coll. H. Cuming) . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p> T.  testâ pyramidali, basi  planâ fuscâ ,  albidâ , fasciis fuscis interruptis, transversis,  ornatâ ; anfractibus planis, cingulis duabus granorum instructis; interstitiis valde punctatis. </p>
            <p>Hab. Port Lincoln. Mus. Cuming.</p>
            <p>A small prettily-marked species, with two rows of granules on each whorl, and the interstices deeply punctured.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>Pyramidal shell with a flat dark base, whitish with dark interrupted spiral bands; flat whorls with two rows of granules; interstices deeply punctured.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Lectotype and paralectotype 3.2 mm and 4.4 mm high, respectively, but both specimens are subadults without a fully developed last whorl. Shell conical with flat sides. Type specimens of eight whorls, an underestimate due to their subadult stage. Each whorl bears two main spiral cords with well-defined tubercles; from the sixth whorl, a fine cord runs between them. Orthocline axial ribs are present and strong. The peristome, the sinuses, the siphonal canal and the base are missing in both type specimens. The lectotype bears the last whorl and half of the protoconch which is clearly multispiral, adorned by two spiral keels and brownish in colour. The teleoconch has a white background. Beginning on the third whorl, brown blotches are present on the first spiral cord.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p>In the same box, a third vial is present with a small worn specimen which is not this species, as already noted by Peter Dance in a handwritten annotation in 1965. The lectotype inventory number 16559 in Marshall (1983) is a mistyping.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/526AEB37B85EBD263BE2353A43BD8484	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
7FD750008C4EEF335AFC16B4B7EC6D8A.text	7FD750008C4EEF335AFC16B4B7EC6D8A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphoris flammulata Pease 1861	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphoris flammulata Pease, 1861</p>
            <p>Figure 76</p>
            <p> Triphoris flammulata Pease 1861: 434, not illustrated. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>"Sandwich Islands" (Hawaiian Islands).</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Lectotype: NHMUK 1961175, designated by Kay (1965) (coll. H. Cuming). Paralectotypes: NHMUK 1961176, 3 specimens (see Remarks), Hawaiian Islands (coll. H. Cuming) . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Shell elongately pyramidal; whorls twelve to fourteen, spirally carinately ribbed, ribs three, central one much the smallest, a rib of same size at the sutures; canal tubular, enclosed. Colour white, marked with spots and longitudinal flammules of light yellowish-brown.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Lectotype 13.5 mm high. Shell conical with flat whorls. Apical part of the lectotype broken off, the visible teleoconch has 14 whorls with three very weakly tubercles to smooth spiral cords. The second cord develops near mid-shell height and remains small until the last whorl. A fine smooth suprasutural cord is slightly visible. Growth lines are visible in the interspaces. The peristome shows a posterior sinus and additional spiral cords. The base has three more weakly tubercled spiral cords. Protoconch missing. Teleoconch background colour white with brown flammulae, siphonal canal brown.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p>Kay (1965) reported four paralectotypes in lot NHMUK 1961176, but only three are now present. A 9 mm specimen that was measured by Kay is missing, as also noted by Kathie Way in 1983 on labels accompanying the lot.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7FD750008C4EEF335AFC16B4B7EC6D8A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
87095A32579E2209E93A3550B759649D.text	87095A32579E2209E93A3550B759649D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphoris fucata Pease 1861	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphoris fucata Pease, 1861</p>
            <p>Figure 77</p>
            <p> Triphoris fucata Pease 1861: 433-434, not illustrated. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>"Sandwich Islands" (Hawaiian Islands).</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Lectotype: NHMUK 1961171, designated by Kay (1965) (coll. H. Cuming). Paralectotypes: NHMUK 1961172, 1 specimen (see Remarks), Hawaiian Islands (coll. H. Cuming), MCZ 73736, 1 specimen, Hawaiian Islands . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Shell elongate subulate; whorls sixteen to eighteen, with three granulose ribs and one much smaller at the suture; base subplanulate; canal short and recurved. Colour white, spotted irregularly with brown.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Lectotype 9.5 mm high. Very elongated shell with flat whorls. Apical part broken off. The 17 visible teleoconch whorls have three spiral cords with tubercles and the intersections with slightly prosocline axial ribs. The second spiral cord appears later on the fourth teleoconch whorl. A suprasutural smooth cord is also clearly visible as well as numerous very fine spiral threads between the main cords. The posterior sinus is tubular and prominent. The peristome has additional spiral cords. The siphonal canal is long. The profile of the last whorl at the base is very angulated. The base has no additional cords after the fourth tubercled cord. Protoconch missing. Teleoconch background colour whitish with orange-brown blotches in the first shell half.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Lot NHMUK 1961172 contains two fragments, probably belonging to the single specimen reported by Kay (1965). This species is very similar to  T. concors Hinds, 1843 (page 193). The lack of protoconchs impedes a final decision on the synonymy between these two entities. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/87095A32579E2209E93A3550B759649D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
892F791FC3182CA774E8D070DF2B7570.text	892F791FC3182CA774E8D070DF2B7570.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphoris granulatus Adams & Reeve 1850	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphoris granulatus Adams &amp; Reeve, 1850</p>
            <p>Figure 11</p>
            <p> Triphoris granulatus Adams and Reeve 1850: 46, pl. 11, fig. 33a, b. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>"China Sea".</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Not found, see remarks.</p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p> Triph.  testâ turritâ , medio  subcylindraceâ , anfractibus duodecim ad quatuordecim, triseriatim granulatis, granulis regularibus confertis, anfractuum suturis subimpressis;  sordidè albâ . </p>
            <p>Hab. China Sea.</p>
            <p>Distinguished by its short, cylindrical form, and by the precise arrangement of the granules with which it is sculptured.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>A turreted subcylindrical triphorid with twelve to fourteen triseriated whorls with regular granules and subimpressed sutures; dirty white.</p>
            <p>Hab. China Sea</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> We found one specimen from the Cuming collection (NHMUK 1878.1.28.422). Its label specifies that it comes from the collection of H. Adams. This specimen has slightly fewer whorls (11) than stated in the original description (12-14), but has the fourth to sixth spiral cords (clearly visible on the base) completely smooth, while the original figure (Adams and Reeve 1850: pl. 11, fig. 33b) clearly shows that cord four and five bear well-defined granules. Therefore, we doubt that this specimen belongs to the type series and suggest that  T. granulatus should be considered a nomen dubium. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/892F791FC3182CA774E8D070DF2B7570	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
9741713563872BD90C8543151A36C450.text	9741713563872BD90C8543151A36C450.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphoris incisa Pease 1861	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphoris incisa Pease, 1861</p>
            <p>Figure 78</p>
            <p> Triphoris incisa Pease 1861: 434, not illustrated. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>"Sandwich Islands" (Hawaiian Islands).</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Lectotype: NHMUK 1961151, designated by Kay (1965) (coll. H. Cuming). Paralectotypes: NHMUK 1961152, 5 specimens, Hawaiian Islands (coll. H. Cuming), MCZ 73738, 12 specimens, Hawaiian Islands . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Shell subulate; whorls encircled by three prominent smooth and regular ribs, interstices deep and very finely striated longitudinally, irregularly spotted and marbled with yellowish-white, brown, and purple of various shades.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Lectotype 15.7 mm high. Shell slightly cyrtoconoid with flat whorls. Apical part broken off but the visible teleoconch (likely almost complete) has 15 whorls with three smooth spiral cords. The second develops later in the first whorls. The very first whorls have distinct tubercles on the cords. A smooth suprasutural cord is also clearly visible as well as growth lines between the cords. The peristome has additional spiral cords and a rather deep posterior sinus. The siphonal canal is long. The base has a fourth, fifth, sixth (narrow) and seventh spiral cord of which the fourth and the fifth are slightly tubercled, the others are smooth. Protoconch missing. Teleoconch brown, with the exception of the very first three whorls which are whitish to yellowish. The third spiral cord is usually lighter in colour. Small white blotches are randomly present on cords.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9741713563872BD90C8543151A36C450	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
64306A698E778EDC8877A94E1E581E12.text	64306A698E778EDC8877A94E1E581E12.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphoris labiatus A. Adams 1854	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphoris labiatus A. Adams, 1854</p>
            <p>Figure 5</p>
            <p> Triphoris labiatus Adams 1854: 279, not illustrated. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Sydney, Australia.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Lectotype: NHMUK 196569, designated by Marshall (1983) (coll. H. Cuming). Paralectotypes: NHMUK 196570/1-2: 2 specimens, Sydney, Australia (coll. H. Cuming) . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p> T.  testâ subulato-pyramidali,  nigrofuscâ , in medio  tumidâ ,  spirâ apice obtuso; anfractibus 10, planulatis, triseriatim granulosocarinatis, suturis concavo-impressis; labro reflexo, dilatato, albido; canali brevi, subrecurvo. </p>
            <p>Hab. Sydney, under stones, low water (Mr. Strange). Mus. Cuming.</p>
            <p>A small, nearly black shell, with the outer lip dirty white or pale fuscous.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>Subulate-pyramidal shell, nearly black, swollen in the middle, obtuse apex; ten whorls nearly flat with three granulated carinas, suture concave; reflexed, swollen, whitish lip; short anterior slightly bent siphon.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Lectotype 4 mm high. Cyrtoconoid profile with flat sides. Teleoconch of nine whorls, with three spiral cords; the second cord appears on the third whorl between the other two and is initially faint but becomes as strong as the others on the penultimate whorl. Axial sculpture between the cords weak. Paralectotype A has a complete peristome (Fig. 5J) showing no posterior sinus and additional spiral cords. The base has three weakly sculptured cords. The protoconch is paucispiral, of one whorl and a poorly distinct transition to teleoconch; the protoconchs in the type series are worn, but the lectotype one apparently bears several fine spiral threads. Shell brown, with the tubercles of the first spiral row lighter or grey.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p>The protoconch of the specimen illustrated by Marshall (1983: fig. 32C) has two whorls which bear two strong keels, while the lectotype has a single whorl and fine threads are clearly visible above the suture (Fig. 5F).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/64306A698E778EDC8877A94E1E581E12	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
63682C846C2B8A3757D38212FF641C27.text	63682C846C2B8A3757D38212FF641C27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphoris nigrofuscus A. Adams 1854	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphoris nigrofuscus A. Adams, 1854</p>
            <p>Figure 6</p>
            <p> Triphoris nigrofuscus Adams 1854: 278, not illustrated. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Sydney, Australia.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Lectotype: NHMUK 196557, designated by Marshall (1983) (coll. H. Cuming). Paralectotypes: NHMUK 196558: 1 specimen, Sydney, Australia (coll. H. Cuming) . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p> T.  testâ pyramidali,  nigro-fuscâ ; anfractibus planis, triseriatim graulatis, granulis aequalibus, confertis, anfractuum suturis impressis, basi  convexâ . </p>
            <p>Hab. Sydney, low water, under stones (Mr. Strange).</p>
            <p>A black-brown species, with three rows of regular, equal sized granules on each whorl.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>Pyramidal shell, dark brown; flat whorls with three rows of equal sized dense granules, whorls with impressed sutures, convex base.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Lectotype 6.7 mm high. Shell conical with rather flat whorls. Teleoconch of ten whorls, with three strong spiral cords forming nodules at the intersection with the orthocline axial ribs. Such cords are visible starting on the first whorl. A suprasutural smooth cord is visible in the lower half of the shell. Axial riblets are visible between main ribs on the last whorls. No type specimen bears a complete peristome to allow observation. Siphonal canal short; base with two smooth spiral cords. Paucispiral protoconch of two whorls, bearing two strong spiral keels and equally strong spaced axial ribs. Background teleoconch colour brown, with lighter to pearly grey tubercles. Protoconch brown.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/63682C846C2B8A3757D38212FF641C27	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
0BBB3F799CA947C91D5A2D12E4FDC0D0.text	0BBB3F799CA947C91D5A2D12E4FDC0D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphoris pfeifferi Crosse & Fischer 1865	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphoris pfeifferi Crosse &amp; Fischer, 1865</p>
            <p>Figure 16</p>
            <p> Triphoris pfeifferi Crosse and Fischer 1865: 47, pl. 1, figs 14, 15. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>"St. Vincent" [Gulf St Vincent, South Australia].</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Not found (the specimen NHMUK 1870.10.26.126 labelled as  “type” is not this species, see Remarks). </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p> T. imperforata, sinistrorsa, turrita, elongata, tenuiuscula, subtranslucida, albida, fusco regulariter maculata; apice acuminato; anfr. 18, lentissime accrescentes, embryonales 3 laeves, caeteri cingulis 3 margaritularum elegantissimis transversim ornate (margaritulis regularibus, nitidis, lacteo-hyalinus), medio compresso, minimo, fere inconspicuo, basali multo majore, prominulo, et, infra cingulum basale, funiculo sat prominulo, fusco et albo articulato; ultimus brevis, basi laeviuscula, violaceabrunnea; apertura oblique subovata, margine columellari subarcuato, externo simplice; canali brevi. - Long. 8, diam. maj. 1  ½ millim. </p>
            <p>Hab. in sinu "St. Vincent" dicto (coll. Angas).</p>
            <p> Coquille  imperforée ,  sénestre ,  allongée ,  turriculée , assez mince, subtranslucide et  blanchâtre avec certaines de ses parties  marquées de brun; le sommet est  acuminé . Les tours, au nombre de 18,  s’accroissent très-lentement ; les 3 premiers sont lisses. Le  système d’ornementation des autres est des plus  élégants : il se compose de trois  rangées transverses de petites perles  régulières , brillantes et  d’un blanc  nacré transparent; la  rangée médiane est petite, comme  écrasée entre les deux autres, et difficile  à apercevoir sans le secours  d’un fort grossissement; celle qui est le plus  près de la base  dépasse les autres de beaucoup en dimension, et  présente une forte saillie au-dessous de la  rangée basale  règne un petit cordonnet saillant,  articulé de brun et de blanc, et se confondant avec la suture du tour suivant. Le dernier tour est assez court, sa partie basale est lisse et  d’un brun  violacé .  L’ouverture est obliquement ovale, le bord columellaire  subarqué , le bord externe simple et mince, le canal court. - La longueur totale de la coquille est de 8  millimètres , son plus grand  diamètre de 1,5. </p>
            <p> L’habitat de cette  espèce est le meme que celui de la  précédente .  L’individu qui nous a  été communiqué n’est probablement as  complétement adulte, et nous ne pouvons, par  conséquent , donner la description de  l’ouverture que sous toutes  réserves .  Néanmoins , son  système d’ornementation est si particulier,  qu’il sera toujours facile de  reconnaître l’espèce , meme sur un fragment. </p>
            <p> Notre  espèce se rapproche du T. mirificus de Deshayes, et plus encore du T. angustissimus du meme auteur (1). Elle est plus  élancée que le premier,  n’a pas, comme lui, de  troisième ouverture, et compte trois rangs de perles et non deux. Elle est moins  allongée que le second, et  s’en distinguee par ses tours plus nombreux (18 au lieu de 14), ses trois  rangées de tubercules margaritiformes, et son petit funicule saillant  régulièrement articulé de blanc et de brun. Nous donnons  à cette remarquable  espèce le nom de M. Le docteur L. Pfeiffer,  don’t les  éminents travaux sont devenus classiques, en ce qui concerne la nomenclature des Mollusques terrestres. </p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p> Sinistral imperforated shell, turreted, elongated, rather slender, subtranslucent, whitish with regular brown spots; sharp apex; 18 very slowly growing whorls, three light embryonic, others with three very elegant spiral rows of pearls (regular, glossy, hyaline-milky pearls), the intermediate shrunk, rather inconspicuous, much more developed basally, slightly protruding, and, under the basal row a quite protruding dark white spotted cord; short last whorl, rather slender base, dark violet; subovate slanting aperture, subarched columellar edge, simple external lip; anterior siphon short. - Length 8, major diameter  1½ . </p>
            <p>Habitat. In the gulf known as "St. Vincent" (coll. Angas).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The specimen found and labelled as  “type” is remarkably different from the specimen figured by Crosse and Fischer and must not be considered as belonging to the type series. On the basis of the original description and figure,  T. pfeifferi should be considered a junior synonym of  Triphoris scitulus A. Adams, 1854 (see p. 172) as already suggested by Marshall (1983). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0BBB3F799CA947C91D5A2D12E4FDC0D0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
6A8FF90CF60BCB1A86446344D3849F3A.text	6A8FF90CF60BCB1A86446344D3849F3A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphoris pulchellus A. Adams 1854	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphoris pulchellus A. Adams, 1854</p>
            <p>Figure 7</p>
            <p> Triphoris pulchellus Adams 1854: 278, not illustrated. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Not reported.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes: NHMUK 196556: 1 specimen, unknown locality (coll. H. Cuming) . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p> T.  testâ subulato-pyramidali, in medio  tumidâ fuscâ , serie moniliformi albo  ornatâ ; anfractibus convexiusculis, triseriatim granuloso-carinatis; granorum serie inferiore  prominulâ , superiore multo minore;  aperturâ rotundatâ ,  constrictâ ; canali brevi, recurvo. </p>
            <p>Hab. -? Mus. Cuming.</p>
            <p>A handsome brown species with a white series of bead-like granules at the lower part of each whorl.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>Subulate-pyramidal shell, tumid in the middle, brown with a white series of bead-like granules; whorls a little convex, with three rows of granulated carinas; granules of the lower row prominent, those of the upper much less prominent; aperture rounded, contracted, anterior siphonal canal short, bent.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Syntype 5.8 mm high. Shell conical with flat whorls. Teleoconch of 12 whorls, with three spiral cords forming nodules at the intersection with slightly prosocline axial ribs. The second spiral cord appears at mid-shell height and is very narrow. Between major spiral cords, numerous fine threads are visible. A narrow, smooth, suprasutural cord is visible. Peristome not fully grown on the holotype, but bears at least an additional spiral cord between the second and the third. Siphonal canal short. The base bears two additional smooth spiral cords. Protoconch not present in the holotype, but remains of its last whorl suggest a multispiral protoconch. Teleoconch brown, first teleoconch whorl and spiral cord whitish.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> It has been considered a Caribbean species and a synonym of  Similiphora intermedia (C.B. Adams, 1850) by  Rolán and  Fernández-Garcés (2008). However, the species illustrated as  S. intermedia by  Rolán and  Fernández-Garcés (1995) is very different in sculpture and colour. The range of origin of this species remains uncertain. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6A8FF90CF60BCB1A86446344D3849F3A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
C3D315F9ADAAF5B8BF348DC54E142E07.text	C3D315F9ADAAF5B8BF348DC54E142E07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphoris scitulus A. Adams 1854	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphoris scitulus A. Adams, 1854</p>
            <p>Figure 8</p>
            <p> Triphoris scitulus Adams 1854: 278, not illustrated. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Port Lincoln, Australia.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Lectotype: NHMUK 196561, designated by Marshall (1983) (coll. H. Cuming). Paralectotypes: NHMUK 196562/1-2: 2 specimens, Port Lincoln, Australia (coll. H. Cuming) . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p> T.  testâ subulato-pyramidali,  albidâ ,  nitidâ ,  subpellucidâ , suturis rufo-tinctis; anfractibus convexiusculis, cingulis tribus nodorum ornatis,  cingulâ medianâ majore moniliformi, nodorum interstitiis fuscis, anfractu ultimo basi fusco; canali brevi, aperto. </p>
            <p>Hab. Port Lincoln. Mus. Cuming.</p>
            <p>A semipellucid, white and brown species, with the middle row of nodules very prominent.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>Subulate-pyramidal shell, light-coloured, near transparent, reddish sutures; whorls a little convex, with three nodulose spiral cords whose moniliform median is larger, brown interspaces among nodules, the last whorl with brown base; open anterior short siphonal canal.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Lectotype 4.9 mm high. Shell conical, with flat sides. Teleoconch of 12 whorls with three spiral cords with strong nodules at the intersection with prosocline axial ribs. The second cord appears at mid shell height and is very narrow. The third cord is more prominent than the others and gives the shell a distinct profile. A smooth suprasutural cord is visible, as fine axial threads between the main ribs. Peristome with a shallow posterior sinus and no additional spiral cords. Siphonal canal short. The base has one additional smooth cord. Multispiral protoconch of three whorls; the first with numerous fine granules, whereas the following two are smooth with the exception of a series of elongated supra- and subsutural granules. Teleoconch and protoconch hyaline, with brown base.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Triphoris pfeifferi Crosse &amp; Fischer, 1865 should be considered a junior synonym (see p. 180) as already suggested by Marshall (1983). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C3D315F9ADAAF5B8BF348DC54E142E07	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
8E3F5697D9D34DD352CD20A0C53E286C.text	8E3F5697D9D34DD352CD20A0C53E286C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphoris suturalis Adams & Reeve 1850	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphoris suturalis Adams &amp; Reeve, 1850</p>
            <p>Figure 12</p>
            <p> Triphoris suturalis Adams and Reeve 1850: 45, pl. 11, fig. 29a, b. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>"China Sea".</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Not found, see remarks.</p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p> Triph.  testâ turritâ , anfractibus duodecim ad tredecim,  eximiè triseriatim granuloso-carinulatis, suturis concavo-impressis, laevigatis;  pellucido-albâ . </p>
            <p>Hab. China Sea.</p>
            <p>The aperture of this delicately grain-keeled species, which is characterized by its hollow sutures, is incomplete.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>Turreted triphorid with twelve to thirteen triseriated whorls well developed with carinated granules, and concave-impressed smooth sutures; clear-white.</p>
            <p>Hab. China Sea</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The specimen preserved in the type collection of NHMUK (196513) has 10 whorls instead of the 12 to 13 stated in the original description. Adams and Reeve also highlighted that the studied specimen had an incomplete aperture and particularly hollow sutures. The specimen in NHMUK has an incomplete peristome and impressed sutures, although not unusually hollow for many triphorids. We refrain from considering these specimens as syntypes until further evidence is available. At present,  T. suturalis should be considered a nomen dubium. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8E3F5697D9D34DD352CD20A0C53E286C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
10A33AD1393A54B5D36D32AA2D0CBEB2.text	10A33AD1393A54B5D36D32AA2D0CBEB2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphoris triticea Pease 1861	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphoris triticea Pease, 1861</p>
            <p>Figure 79</p>
            <p> Triphoris triticea Pease 1861: 433, not illustrated. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>"Sandwich Islands" (Hawaiian Islands).</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Lectotype: NHMUK 1962807 (coll. H. Cuming) (lectotype selection by inference of holotype by Kay (1965)) . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p>Shell minute, fusiformly ovate, ornamented throughout by spiral rows of regular-sized granules; aperture oval and in a line with the axis of the shell, lip slightly recurved and thickened (plicate on the inner side?); canal posterior, enclosed, tubular. Colour dark purplish-red, granules dusky white.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Holotype 2.7 mm high. Shell cyrtoconoid, rather broad with flat whorls. The apex is broken off but the teleoconch (likely complete) has seven whorls with two spiral cords with large tubercles at the intersections with slightly opisthocline axial ribs. Growth lines are occasionally visible. The peristome has a deep posterior sinus and an additional tubercled spiral cord developing in second position on the last half of the last whorl. The siphonal canal is very short. The base has three additional tubercled spiral cords. The protoconch is missing. Teleoconch background colour dark brown, except the first two-three whorls which are yellowish. Tubercles progressively lighter along the shell until becoming pearl-grey on the last whorl. Interspaces usually darker except on the last whorl whose first spiral cord is entirely white.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/10A33AD1393A54B5D36D32AA2D0CBEB2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
2FC5E4D61FE8B8A9A2FDD2D6128CAF9E.text	2FC5E4D61FE8B8A9A2FDD2D6128CAF9E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphoris variegatus A. Adams 1854	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphoris variegatus A. Adams, 1854</p>
            <p>Figure 9</p>
            <p> Triphoris variegatus Adams 1854: 277-278, not illustrated. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p> "St.  John’s” , British Virgin Islands. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>  Syntypes: NHMUK 196554: 1 specimen, and NHMUK 196555/1-4: 4 specimens, both St.  John’s , West Indies, British Virgin Islands (coll. H. Cuming)  . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p> T.  testâ subulato-pyramidali, in medio  tumidâ ,  albâ , maculis triangularibus rufo-fuscis  variegatâ ; anfractibus planulatis, triseriatim granulates, granis aequalibus, interstitiis punctatis, suturis impressis; canali brevi,  apertâ . </p>
            <p> Hab. St.  John’s . Mus. Cuming. </p>
            <p>A large variegated species, somewhat resembling in general appearance T. ornatus, Desh.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>Subulate-pyramidal shell, swollen in the middle, white, variegated with triangular dark red spots; flat-sided whorls, three series of equal-sized granules, punctate interstices, impressed sutures; open anterior short siphonal canal</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Syntype height ranging from 5.9 to 7.9 mm. Shell conical with flat sides. Teleoconch of 12 whorls with three equally strong spiral cords which bear tubercles at the intersection with slightly prosocline axial ribs. The second cord starts at the fifth whorl in the lectotype and is initially narrow. Numerous fine spiral threads are present between the main cords. The peristome bears an initial additional spiral cord between the second and the third, very faint. Siphonal canal short. The base bears three additional granulated cords. Protonch absent in the type series. Teleoconch white with large brown blotches, base brown.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2FC5E4D61FE8B8A9A2FDD2D6128CAF9E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
70D57935000D8AE86B217E0AFE404722.text	70D57935000D8AE86B217E0AFE404722.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triphoris verrucosus Adams & Reeve 1850	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Triphoris verrucosus Adams &amp; Reeve, 1850</p>
            <p>Figure 13</p>
            <p> Triphoris verrucosus Adams and Reeve 1850: 45, pl. 11, fig. 32a, b. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>"China Sea".</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Not found, see remarks.</p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p> Triph.  testâ gracillimo-subulatâ , anfractibus octodecim ad viginti, granoso-clathratis, granis  transversè oblongis;  sordidè albâ . </p>
            <p>Hab. China Sea.</p>
            <p>A slender species, latticed throughout with transversely oblong granules.</p>
            <p>Translation of the Latin text.</p>
            <p>Very slender subulate triphorid with eighteen to twenty granular-latticed whorls with transversely oblong granules; dirty white.</p>
            <p>Hab. China Sea</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> One specimen was found in the type collection of the NHMUK (1878.1.28.483) but we doubt it is a syntype. The original description states that the species has 18 to 20 whorls, while the specimen found has only eight. The original figure shows a slender shell with several whorls, but little more can be inferred because it is poorly detailed. At present,  T. verrucosus should be considered a nomen dubium. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/70D57935000D8AE86B217E0AFE404722	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
01EEBFCC5A9E2AABF4AC87EB715DA543.text	01EEBFCC5A9E2AABF4AC87EB715DA543.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Viriola alboguttata Tomlin 1926	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Viriola alboguttata Tomlin, 1926</p>
            <p>Figure 99</p>
            <p> Viriola alboguttata Tomlin 1926: 294, pl. 16, fig. 7. </p>
            <p>Original localities.</p>
            <p>Scottburgh and Port Shepstone, Natal, South Africa.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes: NHMUK 1926.12.6.7, Scottburgh, Natal, South Africa, 1 specimen (glued on paper) ;  NMW 1955.158.1124, 1 specimen (fide Trew 1990; not seen) . </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p> Shell sinistral, consisting of  13½ whorls,  4½ of which form the protoconch; the whorls of the protoconch have an extremely sharp, central, raised keel, from each side of which numerous short, raised, waved lines run to the sutures at right angles; the other nine whorls have a series of three outstanding spiral cords equally spaced; the two outer cords are of much the same strength throughout, but the central one starts as quite a fine line and approximates gradually to the strength of the other two; the interstices between the cords are crossed at right angles by fine raised lines, which are more distant than those on the protoconch and not waved. </p>
            <p>The colour of the protoconch is dark reddish, that of the rest of the shell light chocolate brown, the uppermost of the 3 spiral cords being spotted broadly with white at regular intervals-about 4 or 5 times on each whorl.</p>
            <p>At the summit of the aperture there is a strong sinus, and the interior is marked with three pairs of brown lines running outwards to the edge of the peristome.</p>
            <p>Length 5 mm., max. diam. 1.75 mm.</p>
            <p>Hab.-Scottburgh (C.W. Alexander), apparently living; Port Shepstone (Burnup).</p>
            <p> This distinct little species belongs, together with ima Bartsch and fuscescens Smith, to  Jousseaume’s genus Viriola, which is exactly analogous to Seila in having a spiral ribs plain, without tubercles. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Syntype 4.4 mm high. Shell conical with flat sides. Teleoconch of eight whorls with three smooth spiral cords. The second cord develops initially as a fine thread and attains full size only on the last whorl. Among the spiral cords, orthocline obsolete axial ribs are visible. Peristome with additional spiral cords and a pronounced posterior sinus. Siphonal canal short. Base with four additional smooth spiral cords. Protoconch multispiral of five whorls; the first two with tiny granules, the last three with a strong spiral keel and axial riblets. Colour brown with white blotches more pronounced on the first spiral cord.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Viriola fallax Kay, 1979 (p. 215) is a junior synonym. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/01EEBFCC5A9E2AABF4AC87EB715DA543	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
5DE2568846D2A0F3B0449078DD60AB1C.text	5DE2568846D2A0F3B0449078DD60AB1C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Viriola fallax Kay 1979	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Viriola fallax Kay, 1979</p>
            <p>Figure 47</p>
            <p> Viriola fallax Kay 1979: 140, 142, fig. 50C, G. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Milolii, Hawaii.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype: BPBM 9798 (fide Kay 1979; not seen). Paratypes: NHMUK 1982250, 3 specimens, Kepuhi Point, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands. Other paratypes: USNM (fide Kay 1979; not seen) . </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This is a junior synonym of  Viriola alboguttata Tomlin (p. 280). These specimens given by Kay to the NHMUK and labelled as paratypes were not listed as such in Kay (1979). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5DE2568846D2A0F3B0449078DD60AB1C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Albano, Paolo G.;Bakker, Piet A. J.;Sabelli, Bruno	Albano, Paolo G., Bakker, Piet A. J., Sabelli, Bruno (2019): Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 161-308, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32803
