taxonID	type	description	language	source
03EE0A71FFFDFFA0FF7DFA40C0C922C5.taxon	diagnosis	D i a g n o s i s: C a r a p a c e t r a n s v e r s e l y o v a l, anteroposteriorly evidently convex or flat, with branchial regions inflated. Dorsal surface frequently smooth, regions indistinct. Anterolateral margin often finely serrate or spinulose to unarmed, lateral armature indistinct. Suborbital tooth extended like slender, grooved plate to close orbital hiatus, in contact with superior orbital angle. Third maxilliped with exopod longer than lateral border of ischium, without or with flagellum (only Epilobocera sinuatifrons). Branchial efferent channel with spine or tooth near aperture (except in Epilobocera wetherbeei Rodríguez & Williams, 1995), visible in frontal view; orifice of aperture open. Male gonopod long, moderately slender, without lateral lobes on principal axis; apical portion club-shaped, laterodistally directed, armed with short, stout, curved spines. In mesial and cephalic views marginal suture and marginal plate progressively twisted towards medial axis of sternum, beginning in mesial position, ending on cephalolateral surface of apex. Proximal half of marginal plate visible as intermediate plate between caudal and mesial surfaces, becoming internal through spermatic channel; marginal and lateral margins converging to reach apical cavity; distal half developing on cephalic side of apical cavity as thin plate with distal crest dentate, (‘ Ourkamm’: see Pretzmann, 1972; ‘ intermediate plate’: see Rodriguez, 1982; Rodríguez & Williams, 1995). As gonopod twists towards medial axis of sternum, distal third of caudal surface expands mesially, forming subapical, wide, rounded mesial lobe, converging distally with crest of apical cavity, armed with 5 – 10 stout, curved spines; laterocaudal angle projected as narrow plate smooth or with marginal spinules. In lateral view, lateral process (‘ Globula’: see Pretzmann, 1972) subapical, formed by swelling from surface with seven or more than ten strong hooked spines. In distal view, apical cavity in transversal position with respect to principal axis, triangular or oblong in shape, closed cephalically by crenulated final portion of marginal plate; distal borders of mesial and lateral surfaces thin or broad, smooth or ornamented with granules or spines, with caudal angles extended into finger-like plates; mesial border (‘ Nasus’: see Pretzmann, 1972; ‘ caudal process’: see Rodríguez & Williams, 1995) smooth or armed with marginal conical, curved spines; lateral border (‘ Hemyciclus’: see Pretzmann, 1972; ‘ terminal process’: see Rodríguez & Williams, 1985) more robust, smooth or with scattered granules and triangular spines.	en	Álvarez, Fernando, Ojeda, Juan Carlos, Souza-Carvalho, Edvanda, Villalobos, José Luis, Magalhães, Célio, Wehrtmann, Ingo S., Mantelatto, Fernando L. (2020): Revision of the higher taxonomy of Neotropical freshwater crabs of the family Pseudothelphusidae, based on multigene and morphological analyses. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 193: 973-1001, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa162
03EE0A71FFFFFFBEFC81FDA1C53923D3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (modified from Rodriguez, 1982; Campos, 2005): Anterolateral margin of carapace often finely serrate to unarmed, lateral armature indistinct. Exopod of third maxilliped not as long as, or slightly longer than, distal border of ischium; ratio exopod / ischium length ranging from 0.58 to 1.17. Opening of branchial efferent channel with jugal and lateral angles separated, in contact or almost in contact, closing aperture orifice. Gonopod long, slightly or evidently directed cephalically, lateromesially compressed, without lateral lobes on principal axis. Apical cavity rounded, next to mesial crest (Chaceus), or narrow and caudocephalically extended, surrounded by distal crests of three plates: mesial, lateral and marginal (Eidocamtophallus, Pallangothelphusa, Strengeriana); field of apical spines in transversal position relative to principal axis, in distal or cephalic position; aperture of spermatic channel in mesocaudal position. Mesial process well developed, directed distally, acute or digitiform (Chaceus), or expanded and projected cephalically forming triangular or a complex dentate projection (Strengeriana), or divided into two lobes and projected cephalically (Pallangothelphusa), or as conical, acute tooth, projected cephalically (Eidocamtophallus). Marginal plate simple, overlapping caudal portion of mesialandlateralsurfaces, endingdistallyinapicalcavity; distal border straight or rounded (Eidocamtophallus, Pallangothelphusa, Strengeriana), or projected over apex to form one of three apical elements (Chaceus). Row of long setae on proximal portion of marginal suture.	en	Álvarez, Fernando, Ojeda, Juan Carlos, Souza-Carvalho, Edvanda, Villalobos, José Luis, Magalhães, Célio, Wehrtmann, Ingo S., Mantelatto, Fernando L. (2020): Revision of the higher taxonomy of Neotropical freshwater crabs of the family Pseudothelphusidae, based on multigene and morphological analyses. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 193: 973-1001, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa162
03EE0A71FFE0FFBEFF77FC6BC123249E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (modified from Rodriguez, 1982; Campos, 2005): Anterolateral margin of carapace often finely serrate to unarmed, lateral armature indistinct. Third maxilliped with exopod of variable length, not reaching distal border of ischium, ratio exopod / ischium length 0.2 – 0.8. Branchial efferent channel open, gap between jugal and lateral angles in Martiana partially closed. Gonopod morphology variable, with one lateral lobe of variable size and form (reduced in Martiana) on principal axis, in Neostrengeria with accessory lateral lobe. Gonopod somewhat slender, truncated and simple distally, caudal ridge strong, well defined, lateral lobe on principal axis evident, triangular, rounded or subquadrate, sometimes divided creating accessory lobe. In distal view, apical cavity transversal to main axis, rounded, oval or elongated caudocephalically: with two apical prominences (‘ papillae’), conical, acute, located on caudal margin of spermatic channel; aperture of spermatic channel in central position; mesial process small or of moderate size, subdistal, triangular, cephalically projected. Apex with apical elements, rarely ornamented with spines, spinules or granules; Lindacatalina and Moritschus could present spinules. Type genus: Hypolobocera Pretzmann, 1965.	en	Álvarez, Fernando, Ojeda, Juan Carlos, Souza-Carvalho, Edvanda, Villalobos, José Luis, Magalhães, Célio, Wehrtmann, Ingo S., Mantelatto, Fernando L. (2020): Revision of the higher taxonomy of Neotropical freshwater crabs of the family Pseudothelphusidae, based on multigene and morphological analyses. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 193: 973-1001, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa162
03EE0A71FFFFFFA1FF11FDACC082219D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Carapace wider than long; dorsal surface slightly convex, regions faintly to moderately well marked; anterolateral margin smooth, with small tubercles, or with acute spines. Suborbital tooth low, like high keel or grooved plate, but never closing orbital hiatus, in contact with superior orbital angle. Merus of third maxilliped as wide as long or wider than long, shorter than ischium, lateral margin straight, or slightly curved; carpus articulated to anterointernal angle of merus; exopod shorter or almost as long as, rarely little longer than lateral border of ischium. Opening of branchial efferent channel without tooth; orifice open or complete. Male gonopod straight, curved or with torsion towards medial axis of body; apical elements variable in number, shape, position and size. Main axis can have one or two lateral lobes of variable size and form. Marginal plate as simple rectangular sheet extending longitudinally over caudal and mesial surfaces of gonopod, ending subdistally and independent of apical cavity or ending distally forming caudal border of apical cavity; or as rectangular sheet ending distally in expanded plate, directed cephalically; or fused with mesial surface to form caudomarginal projection, which ends in simple lobe or several lobes and teeth. Proximal third of marginal suture with a fringe of long setae. Mesial process formed by apical expansion of mesial surface, showing a wide variety of shapes and ornamentations. Lateral process originating on apical portion of lateral surface may be oriented in different directions, usually varying from basic triangular shape. Apical cavity usually elongated along caudocephalic axis, or, less commonly, transversal or parallel (vertical) relative to principal axis of gonopod; field of spines subdistally or distally located, with terminal pore setae, interior walls of cavity spinulated; aperture of spermatic channel not in fixed position (central, caudal, mesocaudal or cephalic). Type genus: Pseudothelphusa De Saussure, 1857. Subfamilies included: Strengerianinae Rodriguez, 1982; Hypolobocerinae Pretzmann, 1971; Guinotiinae subfam. nov.; Kingsleyinae Bott, 1970; Ptychophallinae subfam. nov.; Potamocarcininae Ortmann, 1897; Raddausinae subfam. nov.; and Pseudothelphusinae Ortmann, 1893. Remark: This family corresponds to all the continental pseudothelphusid species, including the species from the Lesser Antilles. The wide array of gonopod morphologies is reflected in the number of subfamilies and genera that have been described to organize the observed morphological diversity.	en	Álvarez, Fernando, Ojeda, Juan Carlos, Souza-Carvalho, Edvanda, Villalobos, José Luis, Magalhães, Célio, Wehrtmann, Ingo S., Mantelatto, Fernando L. (2020): Revision of the higher taxonomy of Neotropical freshwater crabs of the family Pseudothelphusidae, based on multigene and morphological analyses. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 193: 973-1001, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa162
