taxonID	type	description	language	source
03B987C0A6180749AEEA9C3D4DDFFC9B.taxon	description	(Figs 1 – 11)	en	Kment, Petr, Salini, S., Ahmed, Zubair (2021): Halyomorpha picus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae): first confirmed record from Pakistan and two new junior synonyms. Zootaxa 5060 (3): 429-438, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5060.3.8
03B987C0A6180749AEEA9C3D4DDFFC9B.taxon	description	(parasitoid, distribution).	en	Kment, Petr, Salini, S., Ahmed, Zubair (2021): Halyomorpha picus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae): first confirmed record from Pakistan and two new junior synonyms. Zootaxa 5060 (3): 429-438, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5060.3.8
03B987C0A6180749AEEA9C3D4DDFFC9B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. PAKISTAN: Islamabad Capital Territory: Islamabad, National Institute of Health colony, 33 ° 40 ′ 48 ″ N, 73 ° 08 ′ 49 ″ E, 7. ix. 2020, 1 ♂ 2 ♀, Z. Ahmed lgt., P. Kment det. (1 ♂ 1 ♀ in coll. Z. Ahmed, Pakistan; 1 ♀ in coll. National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic).	en	Kment, Petr, Salini, S., Ahmed, Zubair (2021): Halyomorpha picus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae): first confirmed record from Pakistan and two new junior synonyms. Zootaxa 5060 (3): 429-438, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5060.3.8
03B987C0A6180749AEEA9C3D4DDFFC9B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Coppery brown or dark brown insects, body length 15 – 21 mm. Legs usually with alternate bands of black and white elongate rings and ventral side of the body usually bright yellow, especially abdomen. The ventral rim of genital capsule with deep concavity (Figs 7, 10), apical margin of caudal lobes slightly concave (Figs 8 – 10); the dorsal rim broadly concave with a median emargination (Fig. 9). Paramere with crown scoop-like or spatulate (Fig. 11). For detailed redescription see Salini et al. (in prep.).	en	Kment, Petr, Salini, S., Ahmed, Zubair (2021): Halyomorpha picus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae): first confirmed record from Pakistan and two new junior synonyms. Zootaxa 5060 (3): 429-438, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5060.3.8
03B987C0A6180749AEEA9C3D4DDFFC9B.taxon	description	Measurements. Male (n = 1). Body length 14.31 mm; head: length 2.84 mm, width 3.04 mm, interocular width 1.76 mm; lengths of antennomeres: scape (I) 0.78 mm, basipedicellite (IIa) 1.37 mm, distipedicellite (IIb) 2.45 mm, basiflagellum (III) 2.75 mm, distiflagellum (IV) 2.55 mm; pronotum: length 2.84 mm, width 7.65 mm; scutellum: length 5.10 mm, width 4.61 mm. Female (n = 2; pale / dark specimen). Body length 15.69 / 16.46 mm; head: length 3.33 / 3.24 mm, width 3.33 / 3.14 mm, interocular width 1.76 / 1.76 mm; lengths of antennomeres: scape (I) 1.18 / 0.88 mm, basipedicellite (IIa) 1.76 / 1.86 mm, distipedicellite (IIb) 2.16 / 2.35 mm, basiflagellum (III) 2.94 / 2.84 mm, distiflagellum (IV) 2.75 / 2.65 mm; lengths of labiomeres: I — 1.55 / 1.48 mm, II — 2.68 / 2.56 mm, III — 2.06 / 2.02 mm, IV — 1.71 / 1.48 mm; pronotum: length 3.14 / 3.04 mm, width 8.43 / 8.14 mm; scutellum: length 5.69 / 5.59 mm, width 5.10 / 4.90 mm.	en	Kment, Petr, Salini, S., Ahmed, Zubair (2021): Halyomorpha picus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae): first confirmed record from Pakistan and two new junior synonyms. Zootaxa 5060 (3): 429-438, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5060.3.8
03B987C0A6180749AEEA9C3D4DDFFC9B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Pakistan: Islamabad Capital Territory (Ahmad & Zaidi 1989, as H. azhari; this paper), Punjab (Ahmad & Kamaluddin 1977, Ahmad & Zaidi 1989, both as H. punjabensis;? Sharif et al. 2020). India: Andhra Pradesh (Ayyar 1924), Assam (Atkinson 1882, 1888), Bihar (Maxwell-Lefroy 1909 a), Karnataka (Distant 1902; Chatterjee 1934; Vidyasagar & Bhat 1986, as H. marmorea; Daniel et al. 2003; Azim 2011), Kerala (Distant 1902), Madhya Pradesh (Chandra & Kushwaha 2013, Chandra et al. 2014), Maharashtra (Distant 1902; Pathak et al. 2012; Tembe et al. 2014; Salini & Viraktamath 2015; Nikam & More 2016, as H. halys), Meghalaya (Ahmad & Zaidi 1989, Chakraborty & Ghosh 1999), Nagaland (Atkinson 1882), Sikkim (Atkinson 1882, 1888); Tamil Nadu (Distant 1902, Chatterjee 1934, Chandra 1953), Telangana (Biswas & Bal 2007), Uttarakhand (Distant 1918; Parshad 1957 a, as H. brevis; Pajni & Sidhu 1982), Uttar Pradesh (Chandra 1953), West Bengal (Distant 1902, Manna 1951, Chakraborty et al. 1994). Sri Lanka (Dohrn 1860, as P. trivialis; Walker 1867 b, as P. timorensis and P. trivialis; Kirby 1891, as H. piceus; Distant 1902; Breddin 1909; Péneau 1957; Ahmad & Zaidi 1989). Myanmar (Distant 1901 b, 1902; Hoffmann 1935).? Indochina (Laos or Vietnam) (Distant 1921, Hoffmann 1935).? Malaysia: Penang (Hoffmann 1935), Perak (Distant 1903), Selangor (Hasan 1993), Sarawak (Distant 1912).? Indonesia: Java (Walker 1867 a), Mentawai Islands: Nias (Lethierry 1888), Sumatra (Breddin 1900, Schouteden 1933).? Philippines: Balabac (Black 1968). Notes. Gadalla (2004) recorded H. picus from Hurghada on Red Sea Coast of Egypt. In that paper, he referred only to the paper by Ahmad & Zaidi (1989), not including H. halys Stål, 1855, and there is no evidence that the author considered the now widespread and invasive H. halys at all. As a result, this record was doubted by Aukema et al. (2013), Hemala & Kment (2017) and Kment & Březíková (2018). Indeed the illustrations of a dissected female specimen provided by Gadalla (2004) suggests that the examined specimen was H. halys. This is evident by the pointed apex of the laterotergite IX (= paratergite 9) and the sessile ductuli present in the apical receptacle of spermathecal pump as shown in the illustration. The pointed apex of latertergite IX is also mentioned in the diagnosis of H. picus provided by Gadalla (2004). The above diagnostics more closely fits H. halys than H. picus. In the case of H. picus, the apex of laterotergite IX is rounded (see Salini et al. 2021: Fig. 1 f) and the spermathcal ductuli are not sessile but elongate and usually twisted (Salini et al., in prep.). Moreover the nature of damage described by Gadalla (2004), resulting in the hardening of the fruit surface and taste quality loss of affected fruits, corresponds with known damage caused by H. halys. Although H. picus is known as a polyphagous pest, we are lacking reports of any serious damage or quality reduction of affected commodities by those species, except the isolated report of tender Arecanut drop by Vidyasagar & Bhat (1986). The synonymy of Dalpada proxima Walker as well as the records of H. picus from Indochina (Laos or Vietnam) (Distant 1921, Hoffmann 1935), Malaysia (Distant 1903, 1912; Hoffmann 1935; Hasan 1993), Indonesia (Walker 1867 a, Lethierry 1888, Breddin 1900, Schouteden 1933) and Philippines (Black 1968) require verification as they may belong to different species (see also Josifov & Kerzhner 1978). Halyomorpha timorensis (Westwood, 1837) was removed from synonymy with H. picus by Kment et al. (2021).	en	Kment, Petr, Salini, S., Ahmed, Zubair (2021): Halyomorpha picus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae): first confirmed record from Pakistan and two new junior synonyms. Zootaxa 5060 (3): 429-438, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5060.3.8
