identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
8450DDB4CC0453D89FA8737494FCC3CD.text	8450DDB4CC0453D89FA8737494FCC3CD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Schoenlandella Cameron 1905	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Schoenlandella Cameron, 1905</p>
            <p> Schoenlandella Cameron, 1905 (Cameron 1905a). Type Species:  Schoenlandella nigromaculata Cameron, 1905 (Cameron 1905a) by subsequent designation by Viereck, 1914 (synonymized with  Cardiochiles Nees, 1819 by  Szépligeti , 1911). Removed from synonymy by Whitfield &amp; Dangerfield, 1997. </p>
            <p> Ernestiella Cameron, 1905 (Cameron 1905b) synonymized with  Schoenlandella Viereck, 1914. Type species:  Ernestiella nigromaculata Cameron 1905 (Cameron 1905b). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis</p>
            <p> (based on Dangerfield et al. (1999) with additions and modifications). Diagnostic characters of  Schoenlandella were described in Dangerfield et al. (1999), based mostly on Old World species. The following are diagnostic features based on both Old World and New World members. </p>
            <p> Members of  Schoenlandella can be distinguished from species of other cardiochiline genera by the following characters: Head: possessing 32-44-segmented antenna; densely setose eye (Figs 2C, 4C); two clypeal tubercles with sharp or smooth apical margin (Fig. 1C); short to elongate malar space; bidentate mandible; six-segmented maxillary palpus; four-segmented labial palpus; absence of occipital carina; elongate galea, at least as long as malar space in lateral view (Note: narrower than galeae of members of  Cardiochiles Nees, 1819) (Figs 1A, 2A, 4A); glossa elongate and deeply bilobed if entirely spread (Fig. 4A). Mesosoma: notaulus finely crenulate; scutellar sulcus crenulate; posterior scutellum without cup-like pit; pronotum mostly smooth; mesopleuron mostly smooth; epicnemial carina absent; metapleuron rugulose; mesosternal sulcus crenulate; propodeum rugulose; propodeum with completely developed areola. Wings: stigma of forewing moderate to broad; (RS+M)a of forewing present; 1r of forewing absent; spectral 3r of forewing reaching at basal fifth to half, if absent, examine characters of mouthparts and hypopygium; RS vein of forewing angled or curved (Fig. 4F); 1a of forewing absent (Note: if present, the vein is nebulous); 2-1A of hind wing usually absent. Legs: tarsal claw pectinate with sharp or obtuse apical tooth; hind basitarsus cylindrical (Fig. 1A) or slightly expanded (Fig. 4A) (Note: not nearly as expanded as in  Hartemita Cameron, 1910); Metasoma: lateral suture of T1 absent posteriorly; T2 and T3 entirely smooth; hypopygium apically acute in lateral view (Fig. 1D); hypopygium uniformly sclerotized (Fig. 1D); median longitudinal fold of hypopygium absent (Fig. 1D) (Note: if present, the fold is entirely sclerotized or only slightly desclerotized (Figs 2D, 4D )); ovipositor slightly downcurved (Figs 1A, 2D); ovipositor sheath &lt;~0.6  × length of hind tibia. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8450DDB4CC0453D89FA8737494FCC3CD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kang, Ilgoo;Sharkey, Michael J.;Diaz, Rodrigo	Kang, Ilgoo, Sharkey, Michael J., Diaz, Rodrigo (2021): Revision of the genus Schoenlandella (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Cardiochilinae) in the New World, with a potential biological control agent for a lepidopteran pest of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 86: 47-61, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.86.72690, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.86.72690
88DD3C0868AA555697D49C662E9EDFD0.text	88DD3C0868AA555697D49C662E9EDFD0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Schoenlandella diaphaniae (Marsh 1986)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Schoenlandella diaphaniae (Marsh, 1986)</p>
            <p>Fig. 1A-E</p>
            <p> Cardiochiles diaphaniae Marsh, 1986 (Marsh 1986) </p>
            <p> Schoenlandella diaphaniae (Marsh, 1986) (Dangerfield et al. 1999) </p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p> Non-type specimen:  Trinidad and Tobago • 1♀; Curepe ,  Trinidad and Tobago; 21 Jul. 1978. Malaise Trap. Deposited in INHS . </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Members of  S. diaphaniae are distinguished from members of  S. gloriosa by having shorter lower face and malar space (Fig. 1C); basally hyaline forewing (Fig. 1A); stigma entirely melanic (Fig. 1A). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Marsh (1986) described color of the species and some morphological characters in his species description. Here, the species is re-described based on a specimen collected in Trinidad and Tobago.</p>
            <p> Body length 4.5-5.8 mm (Marsh 1986). Antenna length: ~4.2 mm. Forewing length: ~5.5 mm. Head: Antenna 34-segmented. Eye length ~0.45  × longer than its height (40:89). Dorsal width of lower face as long as its height (81:81); Malar space ~0.40  × longer than height of eye in anterior view (32:80), ~2.13  × longer than basal width of mandible (32:15) (Fig. 1C). Clypeus ~1.53  × longer than its width (49:32); clypeal tubercles with sharp margins (Fig. 1C). Galea as long as malar length in lateral view (32:32), with curved apical margin (Fig. 1A). Mesosoma: Scutellar sulcus with five to six crenulae. Postscutellar depression present. Propodeum rugulose; median areola of propodeum diamond-shaped, median length as long as its width; propodeum with median transverse carina reaching lateral margin. Pronotum mostly smooth with incomplete posteroventral carina reaching posterior margin. Mesopleuron mostly smooth and polished; precoxal sulcus medially present with five crenulae. Metapleuron rugulose. Mesosternal sulcus crenulate. Legs: Basal spur on mid tibia ~0.83  × mid-basitarsus (49:59). Hind femur medially ~0.33  × broader than its length (45:137). Basal spur on hind tibia ~0.66  × longer than hind basitarsus (60:90). Hind basitarsus cylindrical. Hind tarsal claw pectinate with five teeth; apical tooth basally rounded and apically angled; basal four teeth sharp. Wings: Forewing second submarginal cell its maximum width ~2.87  × longer than its maximum length (89:31); 3r absent; Rs broken basally and angled at a basal sixth; stigma about ~3.44  × longer than width medially (93:27). Hind wing 2-1A present at basal third (Fig. 1A). Metasoma: Medial length of T1 ~2.59  × longer than medial length of T2 (75:29). Medial length of T2 ~0.22  × longer than its apical width (29:129). T3 about ~1.66  × longer than T2 medially (48:29). Hypopygium entirely sclerotized, medially with shallow area, without median longitudinal fold (Fig. 1D). Ovipositor moderately downcurved. Protruded ovipositor sheath moderately downcurved, ~0.57  × longer than hind tibia (101:176), slightly broadened apically, anterior 2/5 depilous and posterior 3/5 pilose apically with long setae. </p>
            <p>Color.</p>
            <p>Body mostly bright yellow; the following areas melanic: flagellomeres, pedicel mostly, outer scape; ocellary field and frons dorsally, labrum, apical mandible, galea mostly, mid tibia apically, hind coxa apically, hind trochanter and trochantellus, hind femur basally and apically, hind tibia apically, hind tarsomeres apically, entire ovipositor sheath. T4-T6 medially (Fig. 1E). Wings basally hyaline and apically infuscate, C+SC+R vein in forewing mostly melanic, stigma mostly melanic.</p>
            <p>Male.</p>
            <p>See Marsh (1986).</p>
            <p>Hosts.</p>
            <p> Diaphania nitidalis (Stall) and  D. hyalinata (L.) (Marsh 1986). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Colombia, Venezuela, and Trinidad and Tobago.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/88DD3C0868AA555697D49C662E9EDFD0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kang, Ilgoo;Sharkey, Michael J.;Diaz, Rodrigo	Kang, Ilgoo, Sharkey, Michael J., Diaz, Rodrigo (2021): Revision of the genus Schoenlandella (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Cardiochilinae) in the New World, with a potential biological control agent for a lepidopteran pest of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 86: 47-61, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.86.72690, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.86.72690
2A49FDB936C6597C9985FB7BA46D7B70.text	2A49FDB936C6597C9985FB7BA46D7B70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Schoenlandella gloriosa Mercado & Wharton 2003	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Schoenlandella gloriosa Mercado &amp; Wharton, 2003</p>
            <p>Fig. 2A-F</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>
                  Paratypes: Mexico • 1♀;  3 mi E Papantla , Veracruz  ,   Mexico; 7 Jun. 1965; leg. Burke, Meyer, Schaffner • 1♀;  2 mi SE Tecpan de Galeana , Guerrero  ,   Mexico; 14 Jul. 1966; leg. P.M and P.K Wagner • 2♂; Hotel Covandonga, 12 km S Valles,  Ruta 85, San Luis Potosi  ,  Mexico; 27-29 Jun. 1981; leg. C. Porter, L. Stange. Deposited in TAMU . Non-type material:   Costa Rica • 1♀; 10 km NW  Cañas ,  Mojica , Guanacaste  ,  Costa Rica; 26 Sep.-10 Oct. 2011; leg. P. Hanson. Deposited in MICR .   Honduras • 1♀; Tela,  Lancetilla ,  Atlántida ,   Honduras; 15°43'N, 87°27'W; 30 Apr. 1995; leg. R. Cave. 1♀; same as previous except for the collecting date, 15 May. 1995. 1♂; same as previous except the collecting date, 31 Aug. 1995.  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -87.45/lat 15.716666)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-87.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.716666">Deposited</a>
                 in HNHM  . 
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            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Members of the  S. gloriosa are nearly identical to  S. diaphaniae . The following combination of characters differentiate  S. gloriosa from  S. diaphaniae : face concave; malar space relatively elongate (~0.50  × longer than height of eye in anterior view) (Fig. 2C); two clypeal tubercles with smooth margins (Fig. 2C); forewing basally yellow and apically infuscate; stigma entirely pale; forewing with junction of angled Rs not swollen (Fig. 2F). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Modified from Mercado and Wharton (2003), including additional characters.</p>
            <p> Body 5.5-8.0 mm. Head: Antenna 32-34-segmented. Eye length ~0.41  × longer than its height (35:85) in lateral view. Dorsal width of lower face ~1.05  × longer than height of lower face (79:75). Clypeus 1.20-1.53  × longer than its width, two clypeal tubercles with smooth margin (Fig. 2C). Malar space 0.47-0.50  × longer than height of eye in anterior view (35:75-40:80), 2.75-3.42  × longer than basal width of mandible (33:12-41:12). Galea 1.30-1.40  × longer than malar length as viewed laterally (43:33-56:40) (Fig. 2A). Mesosoma: Scutellar sulcus with 5-7 crenulae. Propodeum with median transverse carina reaching lateral margin. Pronotum weakly carinate medially. Mesopleuron mostly smooth; precoxal sulcus smooth, not reaching posterior margin. Legs: Basal spur on mid tibia 0.83-0.90  × mid-basitarsus length. Hind femur medially 0.31-0.32  × broader than its length (52:164-48:155). Wings: Forewing: maximum width of second submarginal cell ~2.26  × longer than maximum length (113:50); 3r absent; Rs vein angled at basal fourth (Fig. 2F). Hind wing 2-1A present as basal stump (Fig. 2F). Metasoma: Medial length of T1 2.00-2.47  × longer than medial length of T2 (78:39-75:30). Medial length of T2 0.21-0.26  × longer than its apical width (30:140-39:149). T3 about 1.46-1.60  × longer than T2 medially (57:39-48:30). Hypopygium evenly sclerotized, median longitudinal fold absent (Note: A weakly depressed medial longitudinal area is present in females collected in Honduras, but never membranous and folded) (Fig. 2D). Ovipositor moderately downcurved. Protruded ovipositor sheaths moderately downcurved, 0.45-0.50  × longer than hind tibia, broadened apically, anteriorly depilous and moderately pilose apically with long setae. </p>
            <p>Color.</p>
            <p>See Mercado and Wharton (2003). Melanic areas of the Costa Rican specimen (female) and Mexican specimens are slightly darker than specimens collected in Honduras.</p>
            <p>Male.</p>
            <p>See Mercado and Wharton (2003).</p>
            <p>Host.</p>
            <p>Unknown.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Costa Rica, Honduras, and Mexico.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2A49FDB936C6597C9985FB7BA46D7B70	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kang, Ilgoo;Sharkey, Michael J.;Diaz, Rodrigo	Kang, Ilgoo, Sharkey, Michael J., Diaz, Rodrigo (2021): Revision of the genus Schoenlandella (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Cardiochilinae) in the New World, with a potential biological control agent for a lepidopteran pest of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 86: 47-61, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.86.72690, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.86.72690
79BC2010A9AC52498246318D868BF4E4.text	79BC2010A9AC52498246318D868BF4E4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Schoenlandella longimala (Mao 1945)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Schoenlandella longimala (Mao, 1945)</p>
            <p> Cardiochiles longimala Mao, 1945 (Mao 1945) </p>
            <p> Schoenlandella longimala (Mao, 1945) (Dangerfield et al. 1999) </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype: Mexico • ♂, Guadalajara, Mexico; 2 Aug. 1914; Deposited in NMNH.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis</p>
            <p>(based on images of the holotype on the NMNH website). Body mostly black except for legs. Malar space shorter than basal width of mandible. Mouthparts moderately elongated. Scutellar sulcus with six crenulae. Lateral side of scutellum mostly rugulose. Pronotum medially rugose, with median areola anteriorly angled. Forewing entirely infuscate; stigma entirely melanic; 3r vein absent; 1a present as a nebulous vein.</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>See Mao (1945).</p>
            <p>Host.</p>
            <p>Unknown.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Mexico.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/79BC2010A9AC52498246318D868BF4E4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kang, Ilgoo;Sharkey, Michael J.;Diaz, Rodrigo	Kang, Ilgoo, Sharkey, Michael J., Diaz, Rodrigo (2021): Revision of the genus Schoenlandella (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Cardiochilinae) in the New World, with a potential biological control agent for a lepidopteran pest of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 86: 47-61, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.86.72690, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.86.72690
30CAE1B9F5095AE49D2790B4D839E309.text	30CAE1B9F5095AE49D2790B4D839E309.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Schoenlandella montserratensis Kang, sp. nov.	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Schoenlandella montserratensis Kang, sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Fig. 4A-F</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>  Holotype: Montserrat • ♀; 16°45'34.19"N, 62°13'1.58"W; leg. Elvis Gerald (Ref. CM-Mt-2019-41) woodlands, private farm. Single adult on  Momordica charantia L. (bitter melon), hand caught in a plastic pot  . Paratype same data as for holotype. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Members of  Schoenlandella montserratensis sp. nov. are distinguished from other New World  Schoenlandella species by having shorter malar space (Fig. 4C); longer mouthparts (Fig. 4C); stigma basally pale and apically melanic (Fig. 4F); 3r vein of forewing present at basal half (Fig. 4F). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Body 4.21-4.40 mm. Forewing length: ~4.45 mm (holotype). Antenna length: ~3.25 mm (paratype). Head: Antenna 34-segmented (paratype). Eye length ~0.52  × longer than its height (31:60). Malar space slightly shorter than basal width of mandible. Clypeus ~2.08  × longer than its width (50:23); two clypeal tubercles with smooth margins. Galea ~2.12  × longer than malar space in lateral view (36:17), apically narrowed. Mesosoma: Scutellar sulcus with five crenulae. Propodeal median transverse carina reaching lateral margin. Pronotum medially crenulate, ventrally costate. Mesopleuron mostly smooth; precoxal sulcus strongly crenulate with ~10 crenulae, not reaching posterior margin. Legs: Basal spur on mid tibia ~0.88  × mid-basitarsus (30:34). Basal spur on hind tibia ~0.68  × longer than hind basitarsus (36:53). Hind basitarsus laterally broaden. Tarsal claw pectinate with five teeth; apical tooth obtuse, other remaining teeth sharp. Wings: Forewing second submarginal cell width ~2.79  × longer than height (78:28); 3r apparently present at basal half and slightly curved; Rs angled at basal two-fifths; stigma about ~3.36  × longer than wide medially (74:22); 1a absent (Fig. 4F). Hind wing 2-1A absent (Fig. 4F). Metasoma: Medial length of T1 ~2.68  × longer than medial length of T2 (59:22). Medial length of T2 ~0.20  × longer than its apical width (22:110). T3 entirely smooth, ~1.27  × longer than T2 medially (28:22). Hypopygium surface entirely sclerotized with a distinct median longitudinal fold (Fig. 4D). Ovipositor slightly downcurved; protruded ovipositor sheath ~0.40  × longer than hind tarsus, broadened apically. </p>
            <p>Color.</p>
            <p>Body mostly pale orange; the following areas melanic: apical scape, pedicel, flagellomere, apical mandible, hind tarsus, external ovipositor sheaths. Wings entirely lightly infuscate, stigma dark brown at apical half.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> This species is named after the collecting site,  “Montserrat” , a volcanic Caribbean Island. </p>
            <p>Host.</p>
            <p>Unknown but see details in the following discussion section.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Schoenlandella montserratensis sp. nov. is only known from Montserrat (Fig. 3). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/30CAE1B9F5095AE49D2790B4D839E309	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kang, Ilgoo;Sharkey, Michael J.;Diaz, Rodrigo	Kang, Ilgoo, Sharkey, Michael J., Diaz, Rodrigo (2021): Revision of the genus Schoenlandella (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Cardiochilinae) in the New World, with a potential biological control agent for a lepidopteran pest of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 86: 47-61, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.86.72690, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.86.72690
