taxonID	type	description	language	source
03ABB25FFFECFFBFFF211354FEEAF96B.taxon	description	Figs. 1 – 13	en	Rodriguez, Pedro Alexander, Norrbom, Allen L., Peñaranda, Guadalupe Caicedo Emilio Arévalo, Balseiro, Francisco (2021): New species and host plant records for Neotropical Rhagoletis Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 231-244, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.4
03ABB25FFFECFFBFFF211354FEEAF96B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. In the key of Hernández-Ortiz & Frías (2000) R. antioquiensis runs with difficulty to R. solanophaga, but differs from it and all other species of the Rhagoletis striatella species group in having the following combination of characters: scutum yellow-orange, black setulose, densely yellow microtrichose without discernable pattern; scutellum orange, concolorous with scutum, without paler yellow area; wing with subbasal and discal bands completely separated along entire length, discal and subapical bands completely separated along entire length, hyaline area between anterior and posterior apical bands extending to or almost to vein R 2 + 3; subscutellum and mediotergite completely yellow-orange without brown markings; syntergite 1 + 2 yellow, tergites 3 – 5 each with relatively broad brown band at midlength, often divided medially; oviscape entirely dark brown; and spermathecae spherical with minute papillae on surface.	en	Rodriguez, Pedro Alexander, Norrbom, Allen L., Peñaranda, Guadalupe Caicedo Emilio Arévalo, Balseiro, Francisco (2021): New species and host plant records for Neotropical Rhagoletis Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 231-244, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.4
03ABB25FFFECFFBFFF211354FEEAF96B.taxon	description	Description. Mostly yellow to orange. Setae black. Head: (Figs. 2 – 4) Yellow to orange except brown ocellar tubercle. Setae black except genal and postocellar setae pale yellow and yellow, respectively; 3 – 4 frontal setae; 2 orbital setae, posterior and lateral vertical setae well developed, 9 – 10 postocular setae. Ocellar seta well developed, longer than frontal setae, frons with sparse black setulae. Facial carina well developed and broadened from midheight to oral margin. Third antennal segment yellow, twice as long as wide, slightly acute apically, extending to midheight of facial carina. Arista bare brownish black except base brownish yellow with few short black hairs. Occiput entirely yellow to orange. Palpus yellow with sparse black setulae. Thorax (Fig. 4): Mostly yellow to orange; postpronotal lobe and lateral margin of scutum bordering it whitish yellow; scutum otherwise yellow to orange; scutellum yellow to orange, except for small dark brown area basally on ventrolateral corner concolorous with scutum, without paler white to yellow area; subscutellum and mediotergite entirely yellow to orange, without brown markings. Mesonotum 2.46 – 3.23 mm long. Postpronotal lobe, notopleuron, scutum and scutellum entirely microtrichose; scutum without discernable pattern in microtrichose (pollinose) area, black setulose; 2 pairs of short black scapular setae; dorsocentral seta slightly anterior to postsutural supra-alar seta, acrostichal seta strong, anterior to intra-alar seta; 2 pairs of scutellar setae; 1 postpronotal, 2 subequal notopleural, 1 intra-alar, 1 postalar, 2 anepisternal, 1 katepisternal, and 1 anepimeral setae. Katepisternal seta black, well developed, as long as anepisternal seta. Legs: Entirely yellow to orange. Wing (Fig. 5): Length 6.8 – 7.2 mm. Pattern with dark brown subbasal, discal, subapical, anterior apical and posterior apical bands; subbasal and discal bands and discal and subapical bands completely separated along entire length; posterior apical band one-third width of subapical band; hyaline area between anterior apical and posterior apical bands extended to vein R 2 + 3; hyaline area between subapical and posterior apical bands extended very close to vein R 4 + 5. Abdomen (female, Fig. 6, male, Fig. 7): Predominantly yellow, including all of syntergite 1 + 2 and tergite 3. Female tergites 4 – 6 each with pair of medially separated rectangular brown marks or relatively continuous broad brown band at midlength. Male tergite 4 with a relatively broad and faint brown band near midlength, tergite 5 with a broad “ moustache shaped ” brown mark, with small medial, posterior indentation. All tergites with sparse black setulae. Male Terminalia (Figs. 8, 9): Epandrium brown dorsally, paler ventrally, with black setulae, in lateral view higher than long. Proctiger large, membranous, with some pale brown setae. Surstyli elongate; medial surstylus with two well developed subequal prensisetae; lateral surstylus 1.5 times epandrium height, in lateral view long, straight and slender, with preapical tooth-like anterior lobe, part distal to prensisetae approximately half as long as part proximal to prensisetae. Female Terminalia (Figs. 10 – 13): Oviscape entirely dark brown, 1.2 – 1.4 mm long. Eversible membrane (Fig. 10) with numerous triangular denticles in multiple V-shaped rows. Aculeus (Fig. 11) straight, 1.52 – 1.68 mm long, 0.24 – 0.26 mm wide, aculeus tip (Fig. 12) 0.26 – 0.28 mm long, tapering gradually to apex, lateral margin nonserrate. Spermathecae spherical with a few minute spicules on surface (Fig. 13).	en	Rodriguez, Pedro Alexander, Norrbom, Allen L., Peñaranda, Guadalupe Caicedo Emilio Arévalo, Balseiro, Francisco (2021): New species and host plant records for Neotropical Rhagoletis Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 231-244, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.4
03ABB25FFFECFFBFFF211354FEEAF96B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from Colombia, Antioquia department (Abejorral, Caldas and La Unión) between 2241 – 2521 meters altitude.	en	Rodriguez, Pedro Alexander, Norrbom, Allen L., Peñaranda, Guadalupe Caicedo Emilio Arévalo, Balseiro, Francisco (2021): New species and host plant records for Neotropical Rhagoletis Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 231-244, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.4
03ABB25FFFECFFBFFF211354FEEAF96B.taxon	materials_examined	Type data. Holotype ♀ MPUJ (ICAMF 00000478), COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Caldas, vereda la Salada, 6.0013 ° N 75.6161 ° W, 2241 m., McPhail trap 4, 5 Sep 2018. Paratypes: COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Abejorral, El Buey, 5.8820 ° N 75.3526 ° W, 2294 m., McPhail trap 28, 11 Sep 2019, 1 ♂ (ICAMF 00000481), 20 May 2021, 1 ♀ (ICAMF 00000637). La Unión, vereda San Miguel predio La Pradera, 5.9303 ° N 75.3054 ° W, 2442 m., McPhail trap 14, 10 Apr 2018, 1 ♀ (ICAMF 00000479); vereda Quebrada Negra, finca La Esperanza, 5.9680 ° N 75.3772 ° W, 2521 m., McPhail trap 10, 27 Sep 2019, 1 ♀ (ICAMF 00000480); vereda San Miguel Santa Cruz, predio La Pradera, 5.9302 ° N 75.3055 ° W, 2438 m., McPhail trap 14, 12 Mar 2020, 1 ♀ (ICAMF 00000557).	en	Rodriguez, Pedro Alexander, Norrbom, Allen L., Peñaranda, Guadalupe Caicedo Emilio Arévalo, Balseiro, Francisco (2021): New species and host plant records for Neotropical Rhagoletis Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 231-244, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.4
03ABB25FFFECFFBFFF211354FEEAF96B.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Host plant unknown.	en	Rodriguez, Pedro Alexander, Norrbom, Allen L., Peñaranda, Guadalupe Caicedo Emilio Arévalo, Balseiro, Francisco (2021): New species and host plant records for Neotropical Rhagoletis Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 231-244, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.4
03ABB25FFFECFFBFFF211354FEEAF96B.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name of this species is derived from Antioquia department where the type series was collected.	en	Rodriguez, Pedro Alexander, Norrbom, Allen L., Peñaranda, Guadalupe Caicedo Emilio Arévalo, Balseiro, Francisco (2021): New species and host plant records for Neotropical Rhagoletis Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 231-244, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.4
03ABB25FFFE8FFBDFF211250FA73FC08.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Recorded from Costa Rica, Jamaica (Foote 1981), Venezuela (Norrbom et al. 1999) and Colombia: Antioquia, Cundinamarca and Santander departments (Martínez et al. 2017). Here, we report it also from the departments of Boyacá and Norte de Santander. The Venezuela record in Norrbom et al. (1999) was based on the specimens listed in the following section. The record from Costa Rica (Foote 1981) appears to pertain to R. nicaraguensis. Specimens examined. COLOMBIA: Boyacá: Jenesano, Predio Villa Lilia 5.3866 ° N 73.3633 ° W, 2108 m., McPhail trap 134, 26 Apr 2019, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (ICAMF 00000521); same, 8 May 2019, 1 ♂ (ICAMF 00000521); same, 7 Jun 2019, 4 ♂ 1 ♀ (ICAMF 00000517); same, 21 Jun 2019, 2 ♀ (ICAMF 00000518). Cundinamarca: Anolaima, Finca Villa Mariana, 4.801332 ° N 74.175323 ° W, 1533 m., fruits of Acnistus arborescens (L.) Schrtdl. collected 30 Apr 2017, emerged 20 – 30 May 2017, P. A. Rodriguez, 16 ♂ 18 ♀ 8 larvae (ICAMF 00000512 – 513); same, collected 4 Jan 2018, emerged 12 – 15 Feb 2018, 25 ♂ 8 ♀ (ICAMF 00000514) 9 larvae (ICAMF 00000515); Finca Villa Mariana, 4.80175 ° N 74.47569 ° W, 1558 m, multilure trap, 10 – 24 Aug 2015, A. L. Norrbom & P. A. Rodriguez, 4 ♂ (USNM); same, emerged 5 – 7 May 2015 reared ex fruit of Acnistus arborescens collected 3 Apr 2015, P. A. Rodriguez, 5 ♂ 2 ♀ (FSCA) 4 ♂ 3 ♀ (USNM); Tena vía la Gran Vía a la Esperanza roadside, 4.652611 ° N 74.419444 ° W, 1127 m., fruits of Witheringia solanacea L’Her collected 13 May 2020, emerged 19 – 23 Jun 2020, P. A. Rodriguez, 5 ♂ 1 ♀ 11 larvae (ICAMF 00000516); San Francisco, vía San Francisco- La Vega, vereda El Bosque Finca Villa Maria, 5.0044 ° N 74.2810 ° W, 1696 m., McPhail trap 10, 8 Oct 2019, 5 ♂ (ICAMF 00000519). Norte de Santander: Los Patios Km 12 - Los Vados predio El Ají, 7.7890 ° N 72.5213 ° W, 456 m., McPhail trap 22, 26 Jun 2016, 23 ♂ 3 ♀ (ICAMF 00000560); Pamplonita, 7.4171 ° N 72.622 W 4, 1996 m., trap 22, 22 Apr 2014, ICA, 6 ♂ 2 ♀ (FSCA) 6 ♂ 3 ♀ (USNM USNMENT 00677250 – 58). Santander: Concepción, Finca Estadero Las Delicias, 7.29694 ° N 73.16388 ° W, 956 m., McPhail trap 20, 10 Nov 2017, 5 ♂ 6 ♀ (ICAMF 00000522). VENEZUELA: Mérida: near Timotes, [8.98722 ° N 70.73722 ° W], 16 May 1949, F. Fernández Yépez, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (USNM USNMENT 01355414 – 15; additional specimens in Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay).	en	Rodriguez, Pedro Alexander, Norrbom, Allen L., Peñaranda, Guadalupe Caicedo Emilio Arévalo, Balseiro, Francisco (2021): New species and host plant records for Neotropical Rhagoletis Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 231-244, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.4
03ABB25FFFE8FFBDFF211250FA73FC08.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Specimens from Cundinamarca were reared from fruits of two Solanaceae species without economic importance: Acnistus arborescens (Figs. 23 – 27), locally know by the common names “ tabaquillo ” or “ fruto gallino ”; and Witheringia solanacea (Figs. 28, 29), locally known by the common name “ hierbamora cimarrona ”. In the former, the larvae fed on the tissue (locular cavity) that surrounds the seeds of the fruit (Fig. 27). Fruits of the latter attacked by larvae can be easily recognized by the dark coloration that contrasts with the intense red of the ripe fruits (Fig. 29). One or two larvae per fruit were found in both host plant species.	en	Rodriguez, Pedro Alexander, Norrbom, Allen L., Peñaranda, Guadalupe Caicedo Emilio Arévalo, Balseiro, Francisco (2021): New species and host plant records for Neotropical Rhagoletis Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 231-244, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.4
03ABB25FFFE8FFBDFF211250FA73FC08.taxon	discussion	Comments: This is the first host plant information available for R. jamaicensis and confirms the strong relationship of the striatella species group with species of the family Solanaceae. Previously reported host plants for the group include husk-tomatoes, Physalis spp., reported for R. striatella Wulp (Smith & Bush 1999) and Solanum appendiculatum Hum. & Bonpl. ex Dunal and Lycianthes sideroxyloides (Schltdl.) Bitter reported for Rhagoletis solanophaga Hernández-Ortiz & Frías (Hernández-Ortiz & Frías 2000, Rull et al. 2016).	en	Rodriguez, Pedro Alexander, Norrbom, Allen L., Peñaranda, Guadalupe Caicedo Emilio Arévalo, Balseiro, Francisco (2021): New species and host plant records for Neotropical Rhagoletis Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 231-244, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.4
03ABB25FFFEAFFBDFF2116B0FD1BF866.taxon	description	Figs. 37 – 40	en	Rodriguez, Pedro Alexander, Norrbom, Allen L., Peñaranda, Guadalupe Caicedo Emilio Arévalo, Balseiro, Francisco (2021): New species and host plant records for Neotropical Rhagoletis Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 231-244, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.4
03ABB25FFFEAFFBDFF2116B0FD1BF866.taxon	materials_examined	Type data. Under number 1942 in the Macquart Collection (MNHNP) there is one syntype with a label with “ Urophora scutellaris Macq. n. sp. ” in Macquart’s writing and a circular green-backed label with “ 16, 47 ”. Although missing its abdomen (Macquart said “ abdomen (manque) ” [lacking]), hindlegs, and left wing, this specimen, which is here designated as lectotype to stabilize usage of this name, is in relatively good condition and generally fits Foote’s (1981) diagnosis for R. macquartii. Additional specimens examined. BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: São João del Rei, [Apr 1819], F. Sellow, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ on same pin (ZMHU) [the pin of this specimen has a green handwritten label with “ San Joao d. Rey. Sello ”, and a white label with “ 2494 ”; it was determined by Hering as R. scutellaris, the preoccupied senior synonym of R. macquartii]. Rio de Janeiro: Petropolís, 24 – 27 Oct 1919, Cornell University Expedition, 1 ♀ (CUI USNMENT 00212827).	en	Rodriguez, Pedro Alexander, Norrbom, Allen L., Peñaranda, Guadalupe Caicedo Emilio Arévalo, Balseiro, Francisco (2021): New species and host plant records for Neotropical Rhagoletis Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 231-244, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.4
03ABB25FFFEAFFBDFF2116B0FD1BF866.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Host plant unknown.	en	Rodriguez, Pedro Alexander, Norrbom, Allen L., Peñaranda, Guadalupe Caicedo Emilio Arévalo, Balseiro, Francisco (2021): New species and host plant records for Neotropical Rhagoletis Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 231-244, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.4
03ABB25FFFEAFFBDFF2116B0FD1BF866.taxon	discussion	Comments. Loew (1873) proposed a replacement name for Urophora scutellaris Macquart, considering it a secondary junior homonym of Trypeta scutellaris Wiedemann, 1830, when he transferred the former to Trypeta, even though he transferred scutellaris Wiedemann to the Ulidiidae (as Ortalidae) earlier in same publication (p. 142). Secondary junior homonyms replaced before 1961 are invalid according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. The wing pattern of the lectotype (Fig. 39) is almost identical to Foote’s figure 83, with no accessory costal band, with a long narrow hyaline mark along the margin of cell r 2 + 3, and with cell bm and the base of cell dm entirely dark. The stripes of scutal microtrichia are narrowly connected anteriorly, thus this may not be as reliable a character to distinguish R. macquartii from R. jamaicensis as suggested by Foote (1981) (also see Martinez et al. 2017 discussion of variation in this character in R. jamaicensis). The continuous marginal hyaline area in cell r 2 + 3 is present in all of the examined specimens, although its width varies, thus this may be the most reliable character to distinguish R. macquartii from R. jamaicensis and R. nicaraguensis.	en	Rodriguez, Pedro Alexander, Norrbom, Allen L., Peñaranda, Guadalupe Caicedo Emilio Arévalo, Balseiro, Francisco (2021): New species and host plant records for Neotropical Rhagoletis Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 231-244, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.4
03ABB25FFFE5FFB3FF21122FFC0DFCD7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species has been recorded from Nicaragua (Hernández-Ortiz & Frías 2000); additional specimens from Costa Rica are reported here. Specimens examined. COSTA RICA: Cartago: Tres Ríos, [9.90000 ° N 83.98333 ° W], 21 May 1988, C. Centeno, 1 ♂ (UCRSJ). San José: San Antonio de Escazú, [9.91667 ° N 84.13333 ° W], 1300 m, Jun 1989, W. Eberhard, 1 ♀ (UCRSJ); San Antonio de Escazú, [9.91667 ° N 84.13333 ° W], 1300 m, Sep 1992, W. Eberhard, 1 ♀ (USNM USNMENT 00214381); Ciudad Universitaria [Rodrigo Facio], [9.93583 ° N 84.05056 ° W], 7 Jul 1978, L. F. Jirón, 1 ♀ paratype R. jamaicensis (USNM USNMENT 01355413); Santa Ana, [9.93199 ° N 84.17598 ° W], AAT traps, 14 May 1958, E. Morales, 3 ♀ (USNM USNMENT 01355410 – 12).	en	Rodriguez, Pedro Alexander, Norrbom, Allen L., Peñaranda, Guadalupe Caicedo Emilio Arévalo, Balseiro, Francisco (2021): New species and host plant records for Neotropical Rhagoletis Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 231-244, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.4
03ABB25FFFE5FFB3FF21122FFC0DFCD7.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Host plant unknown.	en	Rodriguez, Pedro Alexander, Norrbom, Allen L., Peñaranda, Guadalupe Caicedo Emilio Arévalo, Balseiro, Francisco (2021): New species and host plant records for Neotropical Rhagoletis Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 231-244, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.4
03ABB25FFFE5FFB3FF21122FFC0DFCD7.taxon	discussion	Comments. Hernández-Ortiz & Frías (2000) distinguished R. jamaicensis from R. nicaraguensis on the basis of whether the discal and subapical bands were connected posteriorly (connected in R. nicaraguensis, separated in R. jamaicensis), the breadth of the connection between the subapical and posterior apical bands (hyaline area between them not entering cell r 4 + 5 in R. nicaraguensis), and the width of the brown basal area on the disk of the scutellum (narrower in R. nicaraguensis). Martínez et al. (2017) described the variation in these characters in Colombian populations of R. jamaicensis, particularly the wing characters, and they likewise vary in the newly reported specimens from Colombia. The examined specimens from Costa Rica vary in the connection of the discal and subapical bands. Although they have the posterior apical band more narrowly connected to the subapical band and vary slightly in the width of the basal brown area on the scutellum, the latter area is narrow. These specimens are therefore tentatively considered to be R. nicaraguensis rather than R. jamaicensis. Further study of these species is needed to confirm their status.	en	Rodriguez, Pedro Alexander, Norrbom, Allen L., Peñaranda, Guadalupe Caicedo Emilio Arévalo, Balseiro, Francisco (2021): New species and host plant records for Neotropical Rhagoletis Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 231-244, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.4
03ABB25FFFE4FFB1FF2116CCFD7CFCB2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The psalida complex includes three nominal species reported from the Andean countries: Rhagoletis metallica (Schiner) from Peru and Venezuela; Rhagoletis psalida Hendel from Peru; and Rhagoletis rhytida Hendel from Bolivia and Ecuador (Foote 1981). Specimens of the complex were also reported from Colombia (Cundinamarca and Meta departments) (Martínez et al. 2017), and here are also reported from Boyacá department. Specimens examined. BOLIVIA: Cochabamba: Pongo, 5 km. W of, - 17.715 - 66.600, 3820 m, on shruby Solanum sp., 23 Mar 2001, A. Freidberg, 3 ♂ 3 ♀ (USNM USNMENT 00216758 – 63). La Paz: El Alto, 14 km. S of, - 16.66833 - 68.18333, 3900 m, on potato, 20 Mar 2001, A. Freidberg, 2 ♂ 2 ♀ (ANCB USNMENT 00215216 – 19), 4 ♂ 3 ♀ (USNM USNMENT 00216771 – 77). COLOMBIA: Boyacá: Duitama, vereda Higerón, Cedeagro, 5.5711 ° N 73.0499 ° W, 2670 m., fruits of Solanum pseudocapsicum L. collected 4 Aug 2016, emerged 9 – 14 Sep 2016, 5 ♂ 5 ♀ (ICAMF 00000523); Sotaquirá, vereda Bosigas, sector El Manzano, 5.7515 ° N 73.1842 ° W, 2532 m., McPhail trap 12, 11 Dec 2019, 1 ♀ (ICAMF 00000559); same, 26 Apr 2019, 1 ♀ (ICAMF 00000524); Tibasosa, 5.744732 ° N 73.001771 ° W, 2552 m., fruits of Solanum pseudocapsicum collected 1 Jun 2018, emerged 17 Jul Sep 2018, 1 ♂ 2 ♀ (ICAMF 00000525); Vereda Peña Negra, Predio El Bosque, 5.8041 ° N 72.9961 ° W, 2602 m., fruits of Solanum pseudocapsicum collected Sep 24 2020, emerged 1 Oct 2020, 1 ♀ (ICAMF 00000558). Cundinamarca: Bogotá, Jardín Botánico de Bogotá, 4.6693 ° N 74.1006 ° W, 2563 m., fruits of Solanum interandinum Bitter collected 17 Dec 2015, emerged 16 – 20 Jan 2016, 4 ♂ 6 ♀ 5 larvae (ICAMF 00000534); same, collected 6 Jun 2017, emerged 5 – 10 Jul 2017, 2 ♂ 2 ♀ 2 larvae (ICAMF 00000533); same, fruits of Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. andigenum (Juz. & Burkasov) Hawkes collected 16 Jun 2017, emerged 17 – 23 Jul 2017, 11 ♂ 4 ♀ (ICAMF 00000531); Jardín Botánico, 4.66833 ° N 74.10056 ° W, 2555 m., 5 Aug 2014, G. Caicedo, 3 ♂ 2 ♀ (USNM USNMENT 00677275 – 79); Jardín Botánico, 4.6675 ° N 74.10111 ° W, 2556 m, reared ex fruit of hierbamora, Solanum interandinum, 3 Jun 2015, G. Caicedo, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (USNM); same, reared ex fruit of papa, Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. andigenum [labeled as S. phureja], 11 Jan 2015, P. A. Rodriguez & G. Caicedo, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (USNM); Subachoque, vía rural hacia Tenjo, 4.9259 ° N 74.1159 ° W, 2520 m., fruits of Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. andigenum collected 7 Jan 2018, emerged 10 – 14 Feb 2018, 1 ♀ (ICAMF 00000532). PERU: Junín: Quilcas, Pachapaqui, 3600 m, reared from fruit of potato, 7 Mar 2003, H. Rodriguez, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (USNM USNMENT 00213645 – 46). Lima: Rimac Canyon, Rt. 20, btw. San Mateo & Tunel Cacrag, - 11.74083 - 76.28556, 3323 m, emerged 27 May 2010 reared ex fruit of Solanum americanum Mill. (10 - PE- 08) collected 16 Apr 2010, N. Nolazco & A. L. Norrbom, 1 ♀ (USNMENT 00745368) 1 larva (USNMENT 00745369).	en	Rodriguez, Pedro Alexander, Norrbom, Allen L., Peñaranda, Guadalupe Caicedo Emilio Arévalo, Balseiro, Francisco (2021): New species and host plant records for Neotropical Rhagoletis Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 231-244, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.4
03ABB25FFFE4FFB1FF2116CCFD7CFCB2.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Specimens were reared from fruits of three Solanaceae species in Colombia. The first, Solanum interandinum (Figs. 15, 30 – 33), is locally known by the common names “ tomatillo del diablo ”, “ hierbamora ” and “ ropamora ”. Field observations made in the Jardín Botánico de Bogotá for several days showed that adults frequent this plant in the early morning and late afternoon, where they are seen copulating on the leaves or stems (Fig. 15). The larvae feed on tissue of the locular cavity that surrounds the seeds of the fruit (Figs. 32, 33). A second host, Solanum pseudocapsicum (Figs. 34, 35), is a small introduced ornamental shrub locally know by the common names: “ mirto ” and “ cerezo de Jerusalén ” that is very common in gardens and rural areas of the “ Altiplano cundiboyacenese ”, including the Bogotá savanna. Its fruits are highly toxic, containing moderate levels of the glycol-alkaloids solanine, solanocapsin and o-methylsolanocapsine (Mejía et al. 2013). The third host, Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. andigenum, is locally known as “ mamones de papa ” its fruits are small and similar in color and consistency to unripe tomatoes (Fig. 36) larvae are frequent in unharvested plants. One larva per fruit was found in all three Solanum species. In Peru, Solanum americanum is a host plant for the psalida complex, and in Bolivia and Peru specimens were collected on or reared from “ potato ”, although the scientific name of the plant was not indicated.	en	Rodriguez, Pedro Alexander, Norrbom, Allen L., Peñaranda, Guadalupe Caicedo Emilio Arévalo, Balseiro, Francisco (2021): New species and host plant records for Neotropical Rhagoletis Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 231-244, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.4
03ABB25FFFE4FFB1FF2116CCFD7CFCB2.taxon	discussion	Comments. The psalida complex includes three nominal species whose taxonomy is poorly resolved and whose biology is poorly understood. These include R. metallica, R. psalida and R. rhytida. Foote (1981) revised the Neotropical Rhagoletis and Martínez et al. (2017) reported specimens of the complex from Colombia, but the status of these populations is unresolved. The only previously reported host plant data for the psalida group was the record by Munro (1968) of larvae of R. psalida from potato fruits in the vicinity of Lake Titicaca in Bolivia where the fly species was considered to be of little or no economic importance.	en	Rodriguez, Pedro Alexander, Norrbom, Allen L., Peñaranda, Guadalupe Caicedo Emilio Arévalo, Balseiro, Francisco (2021): New species and host plant records for Neotropical Rhagoletis Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 231-244, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.4
03ABB25FFFE1FFB6FF2115F5FB94F991.taxon	materials_examined	(Holotype ♂ (Instituto de Ecología, Xalapa): Mexico: Veracruz: Xalapa, Jardin Bothnico 1280 m, 17 Oct 1990, R. Pérez, ex larva in fruits of Solanum appendiculatum); Rull et al. 2016: 631.	en	Rodriguez, Pedro Alexander, Norrbom, Allen L., Peñaranda, Guadalupe Caicedo Emilio Arévalo, Balseiro, Francisco (2021): New species and host plant records for Neotropical Rhagoletis Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 231-244, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.4
03ABB25FFFE1FFB6FF2115F5FB94F991.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species has been recorded from Costa Rica and México (Veracruz) (Hernández-Ortiz & Frías 2000, Rull et al. 2016). Additional specimens from Bolivia and Costa Rica are reported here.	en	Rodriguez, Pedro Alexander, Norrbom, Allen L., Peñaranda, Guadalupe Caicedo Emilio Arévalo, Balseiro, Francisco (2021): New species and host plant records for Neotropical Rhagoletis Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 231-244, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.4
03ABB25FFFE1FFB6FF2115F5FB94F991.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined. BOLIVIA: La Paz: 28 km. N of Caranavi, Cultura, 15.68075 ° S 67.49669 ° W, emerged 30 Nov 2001 reared ex fruit of Lycianthes pseudolycioides (01 - Bol- 24) collected 14 Apr 2001, A. L. Norrbom & J. Peñaranda, 5 ♂ 1 ♀ (USNM, ANCB USNMENT 00216972 – 76, USNMENT 00745917). COSTA RICA: Cartago: A. C. A. C. Amistad, Monumento Nacional Guayabo, LN 217400 570000, 1100 m, Jul 1994, G. Fonseca, 1 ♂ (MNCR INBioCRI 001888034). Guanacaste: Liberia, Parque Nac. Guanacaste, Estación Mengo, LN 322740 375198, 1000 m, bosque primario; manual (red, libre), 6 – 30 Apr 1988, Espinoza, 1 ♂ (MNCR INBioCRI 0004040113); Macizo Miravalles, Estación Cabro Muco, LN 299769 411243, 1100 m, trampa de luz mercurio, 28 Mar – 3 Apr 2003, M. A. Zumbado, 1 ♀ (MNCR INBioCRI 0003720583).	en	Rodriguez, Pedro Alexander, Norrbom, Allen L., Peñaranda, Guadalupe Caicedo Emilio Arévalo, Balseiro, Francisco (2021): New species and host plant records for Neotropical Rhagoletis Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 231-244, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.4
03ABB25FFFE1FFB6FF2115F5FB94F991.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Solanum appendiculatum Dunal and Lycianthes sideroxyloides (Schltdl.) Bitter were previously reported as host plants for Rhagoletis solanophaga (Hernández-Ortiz & Frías 2000, Rull et al. 2016). In Bolivia, this species was reared from fruit of Lycianthes pauciflora (Vahl) Bitter (= Lycianthes pseudolycioides (Chod. & Hassl.) Bitter).	en	Rodriguez, Pedro Alexander, Norrbom, Allen L., Peñaranda, Guadalupe Caicedo Emilio Arévalo, Balseiro, Francisco (2021): New species and host plant records for Neotropical Rhagoletis Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 231-244, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.4
03ABB25FFFE1FFB6FF2115F5FB94F991.taxon	discussion	Comments. The Costa Rican and Bolivian specimens examined closely match the original description of R. solanophaga, except the brown lateral spot on the scutellum just reaches the basal scutellar seta, one of the Costa Rican and the Bolivian specimens have more extensive posterior brown markings on the scutum, with narrow vittae on the intra-alar and sometimes the dorsocentral lines extending anteriorly to the dorsocentral seta or almost to the transverse suture, in some Bolivian specimens there is a second narrow connection between the discal and subapical bands, and the Costa Rican specimens have a medial brown area on the mid femur, whereas it is mostly brown in the Bolivian specimens (versus entirely yellow in the type specimens; the hind femur and tibia are brown except basally and apically in all of the specimens).	en	Rodriguez, Pedro Alexander, Norrbom, Allen L., Peñaranda, Guadalupe Caicedo Emilio Arévalo, Balseiro, Francisco (2021): New species and host plant records for Neotropical Rhagoletis Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 231-244, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.4
03ABB25FFFE1FFB6FF2115F5FB94F991.taxon	description	Key. The following modifications to the key of Hernández-Ortiz & Frías (2000) are provided to include R. antioquiensis:	en	Rodriguez, Pedro Alexander, Norrbom, Allen L., Peñaranda, Guadalupe Caicedo Emilio Arévalo, Balseiro, Francisco (2021): New species and host plant records for Neotropical Rhagoletis Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 231-244, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.4
