taxonID	type	description	language	source
03B47722113FFFE9DCF8D8792B59FCED.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Megalomma sikorae W. Horn, 1896 (by original designation).	en	Moravec, Jiří, Trýzna, Miloš (2021): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 23. Physodeutera (Toxoma) lokobensis sp nov., a new species close to Ph. (T.) conturbata Moravec, Ph. (T.) sulcoprothoracica (W. Horn) and Ph. (T.) dubia (Mařan), with revised type designation of the latter (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 151-182, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.1
03B47722113FFFE9DCF8D8792B59FCED.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. Well-delimited subgenus. All species of Toxoma possess rather simple internal sac of the aedeagus lacking any distinct ventral spur, sclerites reduced to mostly thin arciform and satellite piece, basal plate, longitudinal sigmoid piece and in one species also an elongate-voluminous dorsal piece with apical tooth (the large, composed ventral arc piece and other sclerites, which are characteristic of the subgenus Diarrhiza Jeannel, 1946, are absent). Body medium-sized, elytra with well-marked humeri, elytral punctation with usually coarser and more or less anastomosing punctures on anterior half, smaller and more spaced or nearly effaced on posterior area of elytral disc. Penultimate palpomeres of labial palpi moderately or more distinctly dilated (up to 0.40 mm wide) yet never so distinctly inflated as in the subgenus Diarrhiza; mentum with indistinct, short and blunt central tooth. Mandibles almost symmetrical.	en	Moravec, Jiří, Trýzna, Miloš (2021): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 23. Physodeutera (Toxoma) lokobensis sp nov., a new species close to Ph. (T.) conturbata Moravec, Ph. (T.) sulcoprothoracica (W. Horn) and Ph. (T.) dubia (Mařan), with revised type designation of the latter (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 151-182, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.1
03B47722113FFFEEDCF8DA952FBEFDA4.taxon	description	(individual females may be barely identifiable in some species)	en	Moravec, Jiří, Trýzna, Miloš (2021): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 23. Physodeutera (Toxoma) lokobensis sp nov., a new species close to Ph. (T.) conturbata Moravec, Ph. (T.) sulcoprothoracica (W. Horn) and Ph. (T.) dubia (Mařan), with revised type designation of the latter (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 151-182, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.1
03B477221138FFE3DCF8DB452E7EFF7F.taxon	description	(Figs 1 – 23, 106)	en	Moravec, Jiří, Trýzna, Miloš (2021): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 23. Physodeutera (Toxoma) lokobensis sp nov., a new species close to Ph. (T.) conturbata Moravec, Ph. (T.) sulcoprothoracica (W. Horn) and Ph. (T.) dubia (Mařan), with revised type designation of the latter (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 151-182, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.1
03B477221138FFE3DCF8DB452E7EFF7F.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Antseva, northwestern Madagascar, Sambirano (see “ Distribution ” below). Type material. Holotype ♂ in SDEI, labelled: “ Antseva / XI. 33 ” // “ NW-Madag. / J. Mellis ” [printed] // “ Coll. W. Horn / DEI Eberswalde ” [printed // “ Holotype / Physodeutera (Toxoma) / conturbata sp. n. / det. Jiří Moravec, 2000 ” [red, printed]. Paratypes. 2 ♀♀ in SDEI: “ Antseva-Ammbobako / N. W. Madagaskar ” [printed] // “ R. Ramena N. W. Madag. / J. Mellis ” [printed] // “ Coll. W. Horn / DEI Eberswalde ” [printed]. 1 ♀ in SDEI with partly illegible locality label: “ Antsabetsienne / XI. 33 ” [handwritten]; other labels identical. All paratype specimens labelled: “ Paratype / Physodeutera (Toxoma) / conturbata sp. n. / det. Jiří Moravec, 2000 ” [red, printed].	en	Moravec, Jiří, Trýzna, Miloš (2021): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 23. Physodeutera (Toxoma) lokobensis sp nov., a new species close to Ph. (T.) conturbata Moravec, Ph. (T.) sulcoprothoracica (W. Horn) and Ph. (T.) dubia (Mařan), with revised type designation of the latter (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 151-182, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.1
03B477221138FFE3DCF8DB452E7EFF7F.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. Physodeutera (Toxoma) conturbata and the three other species treated below are clearly distinguished from Physodeutera (Toxoma) sikorai (W. Horn, 1896) and Ph. (T.) breviformis (W. Horn, 1904) by their white elytral maculation reduced to only humeral macula, somewhat thinner penultimate palpomeres of labial palpi, and shorter, much stouter aedeagus. Ph. (T.) conturbata immediately differs from Ph. (T.) lokobensis sp. nov. and Ph. (T.) dubia in having much darker, prevailingly deep cyaneous-violaceous dorsal coloration particularly on elytra, with indistinct shadowy tinge on elytral disc and much finer punctures on the posterior declivity (Figs 1, 19 – 22) than in Ph. (T.) dubia, distinctly anteriad-attenuated lateral margins of its pronotal disc (Figs 16 – 17) (except for one large aberrant female (Fig. 18), entirely metallic black antennomeres 2 – 4 in both sexes (Figs 2 – 3), darker penultimate palpomere of maxillary palpus in female (Fig. 4) and wider aedeagus with short, regularly rounded apex (Figs 8 – 9). Physodeutera (Toxoma) sulcoprothoracica immediately differs in having rather matt green-blue elytra with notably distinct, velvety-black shadowy zone on the elytral disc and almost effaced punctures within the area and on posterior declivity (Figs 90, 102 – 104). For other differences see under Ph. (T.) lokobensis sp. nov. and Ph. (T.) sulcoprothoracica below.	en	Moravec, Jiří, Trýzna, Miloš (2021): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 23. Physodeutera (Toxoma) lokobensis sp nov., a new species close to Ph. (T.) conturbata Moravec, Ph. (T.) sulcoprothoracica (W. Horn) and Ph. (T.) dubia (Mařan), with revised type designation of the latter (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 151-182, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.1
03B477221138FFE3DCF8DB452E7EFF7F.taxon	description	Redescription. Body (Fig. 1) medium-sized to large, length 9.25 – 10.35 (HT 9.25) mm long, width 2.90 – 3.20 (HT 2.90) mm, deep cyaneous-violaceous. Head (Figs 10 – 12) with large eyes, only slightly narrower than body, width 2.65 – 3.10 mm. Frons metallic deep green-blue, convex in middle, finely longitudinally striate-wrinkled, wrinkles passing through frons-vertex blunt fold onto vertex; supraantennal plates flat, indistinct. Vertex black-cyaneous with deep, transverse anterior impression reaching eyes, surface coarsely and irregularly (mostly longitudinally) striate-rugulose, striae wavy, passing to irregularly vermicular rugae on posterior and occipital areas; large juxtaorbital areas with denser parallel striae deformed by anterior and two posterior impressions (on either side); sublateral parallel rugae divergent when passing onto temples. Genae deep blue with violaceous lustre, finely wrinkled. Clypeus metallic black-blue with green lustre, lateral upper areas reddish. Labrum ivory to ochre-testaceous with metallic black-blue basolateral areas of central convexity (more expanded in female); male labrum (Fig. 13) rather short, length 0.95 mm width 1.20 mm, lateral margins conically attenuated towards indistinct lateral indentations, and prominent, acute anterolateral teeth; tridentate anteromedian lobe short and subtruncate with right-angled teeth and bluntly indicated median tooth; female labrum (Figs 14 – 15) almost as long as wide, length 1.20 – 1.35 mm, width 1.25 – 1.45 mm, anteromedian lobe tridentate with prominent acute or subacute teeth and longer, protruding, almost cylindrical, blunt median tooth. Mandibles (Fig. 10) subsymmetrical, brown with testaceous basolateral areas, teeth mahogany-brown with dark margins, shaped as in other species treated below (the exact shape of opened mandibles is not illustrated here as the mandibles in the type specimens are firmly closed, resistant to rehydration). Palpi. Maxillary palpi (Figs 4 – 5) ivory-testaceous with terminal palpomere brownish in male, with last two palpomeres brownish in female; labial palpi in male with brown terminal palpomere, their penultimate (longest) palpomere moderately dilated with subparallel lateral margins, ochre-testaceous in male (Fig. 7), brownish in female (Fig. 6). Antennae (Figs 1, 2 – 3) slightly surpassing elytral half; scape whitish-testaceous in male (Fig. 2), while dark mahogany-brown in female (Fig. 3), antennomeres 2 – 4 metallic black-brown in both sexes, antennomere 5 ochretestaceous or brownish-testaceous, antennomere 6 variably testaceous or brownish, 7 – 10 brownish, gradually darkened towards terminal antennomere that is smoky-blackish. Thorax. Pronotum (Figs 16 – 18), elongate, length 1.95 – 2.25 mm, width 1.55 – 1.80 mm, dorsally deep cyaneous with violaceous lustre within sulci and on lateral areas of disc and faint bronze lustre in middle in male, greenish lustre in female; anterior and posterior sulci well pronounced, anterior lobe narrower than posterior lobe and disc; lateral margins of disc distinctly attenuated anteriad, except for subparallel margins in one of the females (Fig. 18); notopleural sutures almost invisible from above; median line narrow, partly merging with surface sculpture anteriorly; surface of disc distinctly and coarsely transversely rugose on entire discal surface, rugae rather sharp, wavy and occasionally anastomosing, passing to transverse-parallel rugae on lateral areas; posterior lobe bordered with sharp basal rim, dorsolateral bulges rather distinct, pulvinate, fluently passing to irregularly and shallowly rugulose median area; prosternum and mesosternum deep blue, finely wrinkled; proepisterna shiny black-blue with violaceous lustre, nearly smooth; mesepisterna black blue with purple lustre, mesepisternal coupling sulci variable (also between left and right mesepisternum), entirely absent, or present in form of indistinct, rarely distinct pit. Elytra (Figs 19 – 22), elongate, 5.55 – 6.20 mm long; lateral margins subparallel, only slightly dilated towards arcuate anteapical angles, apices almost subacute in male, rounded in female, indistinctly emarginate towards indistinct sutural spine; juxtaepipleural area with sparse white microsetae; humeral impressions very short, basodiscal convexity and discal impression rather distinct, apical impressions moderate; surface punctate throughout (except for smooth basohumeral limited area), punctures much coarser on anterior elytral half and lateral area, occasionally anastomosing in chains, their elevated anterior margins optically forming subreticulate ornament (in different light angle the intervals appear as if forming crests giving rasp-like appearance of the surface sculpture); posterior half of elytral disc with much smaller and more spaced punctures, particularly within indistinctly shadowed area; elytral coloration deep cyaneous with brighter greenish lustre within discal impression and deep violaceous on lateral and apical areas, and with indistinct, feebly diffusing shade on elytral disc; whitish maculation consisting of distinct humeral macula in male, which is brownish-darkened, barely visible in female. Abdomen. Abdominal ventrites black-blue with violaceous reflections, smooth and glabrous (except for usual sublateral sensory seta (on either side) at ventrite margins. Legs. Male procoxae and mesocoxae pale testaceous, metacoxae and all female coxae metallic blue with testaceous apices, trochanters in both sexes testaceous, male femora distinctly bicoloured: profemora dorsally brown, while their whole ventral and apical area ochre-yellow; mesofemora brown, their ochre ventral area less expanded; metafemora almost entirely brown; tibiae and tarsi testaceous to brownish, protarsi darkened; female legs much darker, entirely brown to black-brown. Aedeagus (Figs 8 – 9), stout, length 2.25 mm, width 0.45 mm, dorsally dilated, apical portion conically constricted, while ventral outline almost straight, only slightly ventrad-bent apically and fluently arcuately passing into short, regularly rounded apex; structure of internal sac consisting of distinctly arcuate-bent arciform piece accompanied with shorter, apically bilobed satellite piece, basal plates, and large, longitudinal, apically clavate-rounded, membranous piece. Only cleared aedeagus was illustrated by the first author (Moravec 2002 a, fig. 316) and since the same aedeagus is photographed here, it is impossible to compare the shape of untreated aedeagus to that of Ph. (T.) dubia and Ph. (T.) lokobensis sp. nov.	en	Moravec, Jiří, Trýzna, Miloš (2021): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 23. Physodeutera (Toxoma) lokobensis sp nov., a new species close to Ph. (T.) conturbata Moravec, Ph. (T.) sulcoprothoracica (W. Horn) and Ph. (T.) dubia (Mařan), with revised type designation of the latter (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 151-182, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.1
03B477221138FFE3DCF8DB452E7EFF7F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. (Fig. 106). Only the four type specimens from the type locality of Physodeutera (Toxoma) conturbata are known. Antseva (Antseva-Ambobako) lies 15 – 20 km southeast of the town of Ambanja at the base of the Tsaratanana Massif and the Ramena River, geographically Sambirano (see Viette 1991). The locality name Antseva must not be confused with homonymous places in other areas of Madagascar named as such not only recently (a case of homonymous names and recent changes in names in a number of places throughout Madagascar). The same is true of the name of the Sambiranense Ramena River, which must not be confused with the town of Ramena in the northernmost promontory of Madagascar. Behaviour of adults unknown.	en	Moravec, Jiří, Trýzna, Miloš (2021): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 23. Physodeutera (Toxoma) lokobensis sp nov., a new species close to Ph. (T.) conturbata Moravec, Ph. (T.) sulcoprothoracica (W. Horn) and Ph. (T.) dubia (Mařan), with revised type designation of the latter (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 151-182, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.1
03B477221138FFE3DCF8DB452E7EFF7F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The four type specimens examined were deposited in a series standing under the name Prothyma schaumi in the collection of Walther Horn (SDEI). Because of the complex of characters, particularly the shape of its penultimate palpomeres of the labial palpi and the structure of the internal sac of the aedeagus, characteristic of the subgenus Toxoma, this species was described by the first author (Moravec 2002 a) in the subgenus Toxoma. The characters clearly differentiate Ph. (T.) conturbata from the holotype of Megalomma schaumi W. Horn, 1872, which is a junior synonym of Ph. (Diarrhiza) viridicyanea (Audouin & Brullé, 1839), and also from all other species of the subgenus Diarrhiza Jeannel, 1946. It must be noted here that there are in fact three females in SDEI originally labelled as paratypes instead of the two females mentioned in typo error in the monograph of the genus (Moravec 2002 a).	en	Moravec, Jiří, Trýzna, Miloš (2021): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 23. Physodeutera (Toxoma) lokobensis sp nov., a new species close to Ph. (T.) conturbata Moravec, Ph. (T.) sulcoprothoracica (W. Horn) and Ph. (T.) dubia (Mařan), with revised type designation of the latter (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 151-182, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.1
03B477221135FFE7DCF8D83C2BF6FB0B.taxon	description	(Figs 24 – 45, 106)	en	Moravec, Jiří, Trýzna, Miloš (2021): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 23. Physodeutera (Toxoma) lokobensis sp nov., a new species close to Ph. (T.) conturbata Moravec, Ph. (T.) sulcoprothoracica (W. Horn) and Ph. (T.) dubia (Mařan), with revised type designation of the latter (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 151-182, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.1
03B477221135FFE7DCF8D83C2BF6FB0B.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. “ Ampanefena ” (about 70 km south of Vohémar, Northeastern Madagascar). Type material. Holotype ♂ in NMPC, labelled: “ Madagascar, Ampanefena, Mus. Praha ” [printed]; “ Typus ” [red, printed]; “ Prothyma dubia m. Dr. Mařan det. ” [handwritten]; “ Holotype, Prothyma (Megalomma) dubia Mařan, 1942, J. Moravec 1998 design. ” [red, printed]. Paratype 1 ♂ in NMPC “ Vohemar, III, 1938 ” [printed]; “ CoTypus ” [red, printed, the “ Co ” handwritten]; “ Paratype, Prothyma (Megalomma) dubia Mařan, 1942, J. Moravec 1998 design. ” [red, printed]. The two type specimens provided with labels “ Physodeutera (Toxoma) sikorai dubia (Mařan, 1942), J. Moravec 1998 det. ” and “ Physodeutera (Toxoma) dubia (Mařan, 1942) det. J. Moravec, 2001 ” [printed]. Note to the typification. Mařan (1942) based the original description of this species on two males, each from a different locality, both deposited in NMPC. He stated it as: “ Habitat: Madagascar, Ampanefena ♂ typus; Vohémar, III 1934, Lamberton leg. 1 ♂ — ♀ ignota ”. It means that the male from Ampanefena was designated by Mařan as type and in accordance labelled by him with the red label “ Typus ” (see Fig. 44 here), while the male from Vohémar bears the same red printed label but rewritten by hand as “ CoType ” (see Fig. 45 here). This statement was previously misinterpreted by the first author (Moravec 1998) who examined the male from Vohémar and erroneously designated and illustrated it as holotype. This error was later rectified in the monograph of the genus (Moravec 2002 a: 115) where the male from Ampanefena was correctly designated as the holotype according to the original type designation by Mařan (1942). Nonetheless, the illustrations remained in error the same, thus the picture of the paratype from Vohémar was presented as holotype (Moravec 2002 a, figs 304 – 308, 723). The true holotype from Ampanefena is illustrated here in Figs 24, 26, 28, 31, 33, 35, 37, 40 – 41.	en	Moravec, Jiří, Trýzna, Miloš (2021): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 23. Physodeutera (Toxoma) lokobensis sp nov., a new species close to Ph. (T.) conturbata Moravec, Ph. (T.) sulcoprothoracica (W. Horn) and Ph. (T.) dubia (Mařan), with revised type designation of the latter (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 151-182, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.1
03B477221135FFE7DCF8D83C2BF6FB0B.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. Physodeutera (Toxoma) dubia shares similar, rather uniformly bright green-blue elytra with only lateral areas violaceous (Figs 24 – 25, 40 – 43) with Ph. (T.) lokobensis sp. nov. Diagnostic for both species are also the ivory to ochre-testaceous two basal thirds of the antennomere 4 in male (Figs 26 – 27), but Ph. (T.) dubia differs from the new species in having shorter antennae, more arcuate-curved labial palpus in male (Fig. 30), coarser, sharpened rugae on whole surface of the pronotal disc (Figs 31 – 32), larger elytral punctures also on posterior elytral half (Figs 40 – 43), shorter antennae, slightly longer aedeagus apex, which is more rounded, particularly ventrally and on its top (Figs 37 – 39), and somewhat different sclerites within the internal sac (Figs 38 – 39). Moreover, the elytral apex in male is rounded in Ph. (T.) dubia (Figs 40 – 42), while subacute in Ph. (T.) lokobensis sp. nov. Nevertheless, one of the characters considered diagnostic for Ph. (T.) dubia previously (Moravec 2002 a), the anteriad-prolonged, triangular median tooth in the anteromedian lobe of the labrum (Fig. 36), proved to be present only in the paratype (which was misinterpreted previously as the holotype). In contrast, the true holotype of Ph. (T.) dubia has the anterior margin of its labrum almost subtruncate (Fig. 35), thus somewhat similar to that in Ph. (T.) lokobensis sp. nov. Despite the significant biodiversity in Madagascar, we consider here these differences in the shape of the male labrum to be exceptional variability, also due to the fact that the two only known males come very probably from the same locality (see “ Distribution ” below). Notwithstanding, as also the body of the paratype is notably wider, particularly across the elytra (Fig. 25), a possibility that the paratype may in fact represent another undescribed species cannot be excluded. Unfortunately, female of Ph. (T.) dubia remains unknown.	en	Moravec, Jiří, Trýzna, Miloš (2021): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 23. Physodeutera (Toxoma) lokobensis sp nov., a new species close to Ph. (T.) conturbata Moravec, Ph. (T.) sulcoprothoracica (W. Horn) and Ph. (T.) dubia (Mařan), with revised type designation of the latter (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 151-182, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.1
03B477221135FFE7DCF8D83C2BF6FB0B.taxon	description	Redescription (male). Body (Figs 24 – 25) medium-sized, length 8.80 – 9.00 (HT 8.80) mm, width 2.70 – 2.90 (HT 2.70) mm. Head (Figs 33 – 34) with large eyes, only slightly narrower than body, width 2.60 – 2.70 mm. Frons deep metallic blue, convex in middle, nearly smooth on anteromedian area, laterally parallel-wrinkled; supraantennal plates uneven, flat; frons-vertex fold rounded merging fluently with vertex, finely vermicular-wrinkled. Vertex bright blue in middle, with bronze and cupreous lustre in lateral and posterior areas, with deep transverse anterior impression crossing juxtaorbital areas, which are striate-rugose, but rugae interrupted by two shallower impressions; median area longitudinally vermicular to wavy-rugose, posterior area vermicular-rugose; divergent sublateral rugae coarser, wavy, passing onto temples; posterior and occipital areas bronze-green, vermicular-rugulose. Genae metallic green-blue, finely striate-wrinkled. Labrum (male) 0.90 – 1.05 mm long, 1.10 mm wide, basically shaped and coloured as in preceding species except for the shape of the anteromedian lobe, which differs in the two known males: while the holotype has the anteromedian lobe notably shorter, subtruncate and with rounded lateral margins (Fig. 35), the anteromedian lobe of the paratype possesses two right-angled, indistinctly pointed teeth in either side of notably protruding, right-angled median tooth (Fig. 36). Clypeus metallic-blue with greenish lustre, smooth. Mandibles (Figs 33 – 34) subsymmetrical, normally shaped with four teeth and basal molar, brown with mahogany tinge and blackened margins, inner teeth gradually smaller towards basal molar, fourth tooth markedly distant from third tooth. Palpi (male) ivory testaceous, maxillary palpi with terminal palpomeres brownish-testaceous with darkened subapical area (Figs 28 – 29); labial palpi with dark brown terminal palpomeres, outer margin of penultimate (longest) palpomeres arcuate, inner margin straight or slightly emarginated, ochre-testaceous (Fig. 30). Antennae (Figs 26 – 27) rather long, passing elytral half; scape ivory or testaceous with only apical seta; antennomeres 2 – 3 metallic black, antennomere 4 black-brown with two basal thirds ivory-testaceous to yellowish, antennomeres 5 – 9 light brownish testaceous, 10 – 11 moderately darkened. Thorax. Pronotum (Figs 31 – 32) elongate, length 1.85 – 1.90 mm, width 1.50 – 1.55 mm; metallic blue-green with indistinct bronze-cupreous and violet lustre on discal median area and intense violaceous lustre within well-pronounced anterior and posterior sulci; anterior lobe markedly narrower than posterior lobe and disc; lateral margins of disc almost parallel in middle, slightly constricted anteriad; notopleural sutures barely visible from above; discal surface distinctly transversely wavy-rugose, rugae coarser on median area; median line thin but running throughout; posterior lobe with distinct basal rim, dorsolateral bulges pulvinate-elevated, almost smooth, with strongly violaceous lustre, gradually passing to smooth or finely wrinkled median area with faint greenish lustre; prosternum and proepisterna metallic blue-green, finely wrinkled; mesepisterna black-blue with purple lustre; metasternum and metepisterna metallic green with bronze tinge. Elytra (Figs 40 – 43), elongate, 5.30 – 5.35 mm long; juxtahumeral impressions deep, short and wide, basodiscal convexity and discal impression distinct, apical impressions moderate; lateral margins subparallel, anteapical angles arcuate, apices rounded, more distinctly so in female, with only faint emargination towards indistinct, blunt sutural spine; limited baso-humeral area smooth and shiny, other elytral surface rather coarsely punctate, punctures notably larger on anterior elytral third, largest within humeral impressions, occasionally arranged in chains but not entirely anastomosing, their mostly narrow intervals optically forming irregular reticulum; elytral coloration bright metallic blue-green, more cyaneous green-blue within humeral and discal impression, with faint bronze-greenish lustre on posterior declivity and deep violaceous on outer lateral areas and apices; whitish to ivory maculation consisting of only one, large humeral macula. Abdomen. Abdominal ventrites dark metallic-blue with violaceous reflections, their surface smooth and glabrous (except for sensory seta on either side of posterior ventrite margins). Legs of HT similarly coloured as in Ph. (T.) conturbata, but notably paler in PT. Aedeagus short (Figs 37 – 39), length 2.20 – 2.25 mm, width 0.45 mm, ventral outline straight or slightly bent ventrad apically, dorsally conically attenuated towards narrow, rounded apex; sclerites within internal sac consisting of distinct arciform piece with dilates apex, thin satellite piece which appears more distinct in right lateral view, membranous plate and large, longitudinal membranous upper-ventral piece with obtuse apex.	en	Moravec, Jiří, Trýzna, Miloš (2021): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 23. Physodeutera (Toxoma) lokobensis sp nov., a new species close to Ph. (T.) conturbata Moravec, Ph. (T.) sulcoprothoracica (W. Horn) and Ph. (T.) dubia (Mařan), with revised type designation of the latter (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 151-182, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.1
03B477221135FFE7DCF8D83C2BF6FB0B.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 106). Physodeutera (Toxoma) dubia is known only from the two males caught in Northeastern Madagascar. Ampanefena lies about 70 km south of the city of Vohemar (also spelled Vohémar). However, the name on the label probably means the whole district, which is very large, and therefore we may suppose that the two males come from the same locality (Moravec 2002 a). Although no collector name is indicated on the labels, according to Mařan (1942), the two type specimens were caught by Lamberton.	en	Moravec, Jiří, Trýzna, Miloš (2021): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 23. Physodeutera (Toxoma) lokobensis sp nov., a new species close to Ph. (T.) conturbata Moravec, Ph. (T.) sulcoprothoracica (W. Horn) and Ph. (T.) dubia (Mařan), with revised type designation of the latter (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 151-182, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.1
03B477221135FFE7DCF8D83C2BF6FB0B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This taxon, originally described as Prothyma (Megalomma) dubia by Mařan (1942), was later (Moravec 1998) treated as a subspecies of Ph. (T.) sikorai. However, as further examinations have confirmed the above-mentioned characters, this taxon was treated (Moravec 2002 a) as a natural member of the subgenus Toxoma. Only male specimens of Ph. (T.) dubia are known. For the previous confusion of the type designation see “ Note to the typification ” above and the discussion in “ Introduction ” of this paper.	en	Moravec, Jiří, Trýzna, Miloš (2021): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 23. Physodeutera (Toxoma) lokobensis sp nov., a new species close to Ph. (T.) conturbata Moravec, Ph. (T.) sulcoprothoracica (W. Horn) and Ph. (T.) dubia (Mařan), with revised type designation of the latter (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 151-182, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.1
03B477221131FFFCDCF8DDFD2E53FD03.taxon	description	(Figs 46 – 89, 106 – 107)	en	Moravec, Jiří, Trýzna, Miloš (2021): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 23. Physodeutera (Toxoma) lokobensis sp nov., a new species close to Ph. (T.) conturbata Moravec, Ph. (T.) sulcoprothoracica (W. Horn) and Ph. (T.) dubia (Mařan), with revised type designation of the latter (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 151-182, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.1
03B477221131FFFCDCF8DDFD2E53FD03.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Madagascar Nord: Sambirano, Forest of Lokobe on the island of Nosy Be. Type material. Holotype ♂ in NMPC, labelled: “ N Madagascar, Nosy Be isl. / Lokobe Nat. Park, 26. - 30. xi., / circuit Mitsinjo, 2019, / S 13 ° 24´21 ´´; E 48 ° 18´35 ´´, / 296 m, M. Trýzna leg. ”. Allotype ♀ in CJVB with same label data. Paratypes. 1 ♂, 1 ♀ in CJVB, 2 ♀♀ in CCJM, 2 ♀♀ in CMTD, 1 ♀ in SDEI, 1 ♀ in NMPC, 1 ♀ in COSJ, 1 ♀ in MHCW with same label data. 1 ♂, 1 ♀ in JWCW: “ Madagascar, Nosy Be / Sambirano / forêt de Lokobe, 5. – 9.12.2001, I. Andrew, / V. Dolin & R. Andreeva leg. ” [printed].	en	Moravec, Jiří, Trýzna, Miloš (2021): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 23. Physodeutera (Toxoma) lokobensis sp nov., a new species close to Ph. (T.) conturbata Moravec, Ph. (T.) sulcoprothoracica (W. Horn) and Ph. (T.) dubia (Mařan), with revised type designation of the latter (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 151-182, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.1
03B477221131FFFCDCF8DDFD2E53FD03.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. Physodeutera (Toxoma) lokobensis sp. nov. is generally largest of the four species treated here. It shares the whitish-testaceous (to yellow-testaceous) area on the antennomere 4 (Figs 50 – 51) with Ph. (T.) dubia, but the antennae are notably longer towards the body length. Moreover, Ph. (T.) dubia differs in having its aedeagus apex more simply and regularly rounded, while the aedeagus apex of Ph. (T.) lokobensis sp. nov. (Figs 64 – 66) is almost triangular-topped (dorsally obliquely sloped towards small dorsal emargination); the difference is notably obvious when the aedeagus (the same of the holotype) was slightly turned (Fig. 65). The internal sac is rather similar to that in Ph. (T.) conturbata, yet the satellite piece moved on the opposite side of the arciform piece that is straighter in the new species (Figs 67 – 68). However, Ph. (T.) conturbata possesses the antennomeres 2 – 4 metallic black, elytra deep cyaneous-violaceous (Figs 19 – 23), and its aedeagus has shorter, wider, and regularly rounded apex (Figs 8 – 9). Physodeutera (T.) sulcoprothoracica is immediately distinguished from the new species and from the two species treated above by its elytral disc notably shadowed with diffusing, well noticeable (depending on light-angle) velvety black area which extends towards elytral outer margins. Moreover, its elytral punctation on posterior area of the elytral disc is much finer, almost effaced. The only examined and hitherto known male (CCJM ex APCA) has much shorter and wider apical portion of its aedeagus towards wider and rounded apex; moreover, the internal sac contains stick-like (not arcuate) arciform piece and a well-defined voluminous piece with apical tooth (Figs 100 – 101). Furthermore, the body of Ph. (T.) sulcoprothoracica is notably larger, elytral apex in male slightly emarginated towards small sutural spine, antennomere 4 brownish with blackened apical half, its male labrum has notably anteriad-prolonged anteromedian lobe with more distinct teeth, which are even more acute and of almost equal length in female labrum (see illustrations of the relevant characters in the monograph (Moravec 2002 a, figs 323 – 329).	en	Moravec, Jiří, Trýzna, Miloš (2021): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 23. Physodeutera (Toxoma) lokobensis sp nov., a new species close to Ph. (T.) conturbata Moravec, Ph. (T.) sulcoprothoracica (W. Horn) and Ph. (T.) dubia (Mařan), with revised type designation of the latter (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 151-182, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.1
03B477221131FFFCDCF8DDFD2E53FD03.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named after the Parc National de Lokobe, the type locality of the new species.	en	Moravec, Jiří, Trýzna, Miloš (2021): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 23. Physodeutera (Toxoma) lokobensis sp nov., a new species close to Ph. (T.) conturbata Moravec, Ph. (T.) sulcoprothoracica (W. Horn) and Ph. (T.) dubia (Mařan), with revised type designation of the latter (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 151-182, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.1
03B477221131FFFCDCF8DDFD2E53FD03.taxon	description	Description. Body (Figs 46 – 47, 75 – 76), medium-sized to large, 9.50 – 10.8 (HT 9.6) mm long, 2.85 – 3.30 (HT 2.90, AT 3.20) mm wide, rather uniformly bright green-blue, with only lateral areas violaceous. Head (Figs 48 – 49, 79; ventrally Fig. 59) with large eyes, almost as wide as body, width 2.90 – 3.30 mm. Frons metallic deep blue-green, convex, and almost smooth in median juxtaclypeal area, finely longitudinally striate-wrinkled laterally, fluently passing over blunt frons-vertex fold into vertex; supraantennal plates flat, indistinct. Vertex black-cyaneous with deep, transverse anterior impression reaching eyes, anteromedian area very finely irregularly rugulose, median surface behind the transverse impression coarsely and irregularly (mostly longitudinally) striate-rugulose, striae wavy, often irregularly fragmented in centre; posterior and occipital areas irregularly vermicular or zigzag rugulose; large juxtaorbital areas with two or three impressions, covered with denser, irregularly parallel rugae, which are deformed by the impressions; sublateral parallel rugae divergent when running onto temples; posteromedian and occipital areas covered with vermicular or irregularly wavy and fragmented rugae. Genae deep blue with violaceous lustre, finely wrinkled. Clypeus bright or deep metallic green-blue, often with violet lateral margins, surface almost smooth, indistinctly coriaceous-wrinkled. Labrum ivory to ochre-testaceous with metallic black-blue basolateral areas of central convexity (more expanded in female); male labrum rather short, length 1.05 – 1.10 mm, width 1.20 – 1.25 mm, lateral margins conically attenuated towards indistinct lateral indentations, and prominent, acute anterolateral teeth; tridentate anteromedian lobe in HT short, subtruncate with right-angled teeth and bluntly indicated median tooth (Fig. 53), but in one male PT (JWCW) prolonged anteriad and with rounded lateral margins (Fig. 81); female labrum (Figs 54 – 55, 82) almost as long as wide, length 1.25 – 1.45 mm, width 1.35 – 1.45 mm; anteriad-prolonged tridentate anteromedian lobe with prominent acute or subacute teeth on either side of protruding medial tooth with obtuse apex. Mandibles (Figs 48 – 49, 79 – 80) normally shaped, subsymmetrical, with four teeth and basal molar, reddishbrown with blackened margins and apices of teeth; inner teeth gradually smaller towards basal molar, fourth tooth markedly distant from third tooth. Palpi. Maxillary palpi (Figs 56, 96) ivory-testaceous with terminal palpomere brownish in male, with last two palpomeres brownish in female; labial palpi in male with brown terminal palpomere, their penultimate (longest) palpomere moderately dilated with subparallel lateral margins, ochre-testaceous in male (Figs 57, 97), brownish in female (Figs 58, 98). Antennae (Figs 46 – 47, 50 – 52, 75 – 78) markedly long, almost or entirely reaching anteapical angles of elytra, scape with only apical seta; coloration sexually distinctly dimorphic: male with scape whitish, ivory or ochre-yellow; antennomeres 2 – 3 metallic black; antennomere 4 black with median area or two basal thirds ivory to ochreyellow, antennomere 5 brownish testaceous, 6 – 11 brownish, gradually darkened to blackened. Thorax. Pronotum (Figs 60 – 62, 83 – 84), moderately elongate, length 2.10 – 2.30 mm, width 1.70 – 1.85 mm; coloration bright green-blue with violaceous lustre within sulci and on lateral areas, rarely with indistinct bronze lustre in middle; anterior and posterior sulci well pronounced, anterior lobe markedly narrower than posterior lobe and disc; lateral margins of disc convex, usually moderately attenuated anteriad; notopleural sutures almost invisible from above; median line narrow, often partly merging with surface sculpture; surface of disc distinctly but rather shallowly transversely rugulose, rugae irregularly wavy and occasionally anastomosing, coarser on median area, much finer and shallower on sublateral areas, while lateral areas with wider, short, transverse-parallel stria-like rugae; posterior lobe bordered with sharply delineated basal rim, dorsolateral bulges distinctly pulvinate, fluently passing to irregularly and shallowly wrinkled median area; proepisterna variably bright green-blue, deep blue or violet-blue, finely but rather distinctly parallel striate (striae passing over notopleural sutures from lateral margins of pronotal disc); mesepisterna shiny deep blue green with strong violaceous lustre, their surface finely coriaceousasperate in male, mostly nearly smooth in female, female mesepisternal coupling sulci in form of deep longitudinal furrow, which is deeper dorsally, and with variably recognizable, indistinct, rarely more distinct but shallow medioventral pit; metepisterna bright blue-green with chatoyant violet lustre, surface finely asperate; ventral sterna (Fig. 63): iridescent green-blue with violet lustre, prosternum finely transverse striate, mesosternum irregularly wrinkled, metasternum smooth very shallowly wrinkled along middle. Elytra (Figs 69 – 73, 86 – 89) elongate, 5.50 – 6.30 mm long; humeral impressions short yet deep, basodiscal convexity and discal impression distinct, the elytral disc becomes distinctly convex below the impression; apical impressions moderate; outer lateral margins slightly dilated above the middle and usually very slightly at arcuate anteapical angles (more often so in female), apices almost subacute in male, rounded in female, mostly without emargination towards indistinct blunt sutural spine; surface punctate throughout, punctures coarser on anterior elytral third, few largest punctures within humeral impressions and on basodiscal convexity, occasionally anastomosing in chains; posterior half of elytral disc and posterior declivity with much finer and spaced punctures; elytral coloration rather bright green-blue, (in some females and the male (JWCW) with violet lustre); central-discal area sometimes with indistinct shade; surface glabrous except for usual, few sensory setae scattered mostly on basodiscal convexity and sparse, short white setae scattered along juxtaepipleural area; elytral maculation consisting of large, whitish or ivory yellow humeral macula in male; female elytra entirely immaculate. Abdomen (Fig. 63). Ventrites metallic black-blue, with strong green-blue lustre. Legs sexually dimorphic in coloration; male pro- and mesocoxae ivory to pale ochre with testaceous apices, glabrous except for easily abraded subapical seta, metacoxae metallic green-blue and testaceous apices; female coxae metallic black-blue with greenish lustre; trochanters ivory-yellow; male profemora distinctly bicoloured, blackbrown dorsally, yellow-ochre to ochre-testaceous ventrally and on subapical dorsal area; mesofemora with yellowtestaceous ventral area less expanded and with testaceous subapical spot; metafemora black with testaceous base. Female legs much darker, femora almost entirely black, profemora sometimes with testaceous subapical spot. Aedeagus (Figs 64 – 66) elongate, length 2.30 – 2.40 mm, width 0.40 – 0.50 mm, almost straight, only moderately dilated in middle (except for more voluminous, 0.55 mm wide aedeagus of the aberrant male in JWCW, Fig. 85); apical portion of ventral margin slightly directed ventrad, dorsally conically attenuated towards apex, which is rounded but almost triangular-topped (ventrally moderately arcuate and dorsally obliquely sloped towards indistinct emargination); the difference from other species treated here is notably obvious when the aedeagus (the same of the holotype) was slightly turned (Fig. 65); internal sac (Figs 67 – 68) somewhat similar to that in Ph. (T.) conturbata yet the satellite piece is placed ventrad from almost straight and thinner arciform piece. Variability. The dorsal body coloration varies, some females are prevailingly blue. One female (CCJM) has its labial palpi anomalously ivory-testaceous as in the males. The two previously caught adults (JWCW) (Figs 75 – 89), have more rounded pronotal disc with finer surface sculpture, and the male has much darker antennomere 4 with only paler, brownish basal half. Unfortunately, the aedeagus apex of the male (JWCW) is broken ventrally (Fig. 85), thus its original shape is not exactly known (its internal sac was not cleared in order to avoid further damage of the aedeagus). Despite the above-mentioned differences, we have considered the two JWCW specimens conspecific and included them, with some hesitation, into the paratype series. Nonetheless, as also the aedeagus (apart from its broken apex) is wider and has somewhat different shape, the two JWCW specimens may represent another undescribed species.	en	Moravec, Jiří, Trýzna, Miloš (2021): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 23. Physodeutera (Toxoma) lokobensis sp nov., a new species close to Ph. (T.) conturbata Moravec, Ph. (T.) sulcoprothoracica (W. Horn) and Ph. (T.) dubia (Mařan), with revised type designation of the latter (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 151-182, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.1
03B477221131FFFCDCF8DDFD2E53FD03.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 106, 107). Physodeutera (Toxoma) lokobensis sp. nov. is obviously a very rare species known only from the type locality, the forest of Lokobe on the island of Nosy Be, phytogeographically Sambirano. The primitive evergreen forest is now protected within the Parc National de Lokobe, managed by Madagascar National Parks. The adults caught by the second author in the area of the Mitsinjo Circuit within the national park occurred on larger living trees (> 20 cm in diameter). On sunny days, the adults ran and flew very quickly along the trunk bark of the trees up to four meters above the tree bases, while on the next day, after a heavy overnight rain, they ran and flew rather slowly and only up to two metres above the tree bases. It is interesting that the twelve type specimens were caught by the second author in the forest of Lokobe 20 years after the discovery of the male and female (JWCW). The new species inhabits the forest of Lokobe sympatrically with Physodeutera (Axinomera) rectipenis (W. Horn, 1934), yet adults of the latter forage on boulders scattered on the forest bed along a semidried brook. As in other species of the genus, developmental stages are unknown. Physodeutera (Toxoma) lobicornis nosybensis Moravec, 2000 also occurs in Nosy Be but not in the forest of Lokobe; it was described from a degraded forest near Ambatozavavy (also spelled “ Ambatozavary ” in maps), situated at the Ambatozavavy Bay, northeast of the Parc National de Lokobe (see Moravec 2000, 2002 a). Also recently caught specimens come only from the area of Ambatozavavy (Michio Hori, pers. com.).	en	Moravec, Jiří, Trýzna, Miloš (2021): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 23. Physodeutera (Toxoma) lokobensis sp nov., a new species close to Ph. (T.) conturbata Moravec, Ph. (T.) sulcoprothoracica (W. Horn) and Ph. (T.) dubia (Mařan), with revised type designation of the latter (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 151-182, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.1
03B47722112AFFF7DCF8DBF528E9FE07.taxon	description	(Figs 90 – 106)	en	Moravec, Jiří, Trýzna, Miloš (2021): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 23. Physodeutera (Toxoma) lokobensis sp nov., a new species close to Ph. (T.) conturbata Moravec, Ph. (T.) sulcoprothoracica (W. Horn) and Ph. (T.) dubia (Mařan), with revised type designation of the latter (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 151-182, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.1
03B47722112AFFF7DCF8DBF528E9FE07.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. “ Diego Suarez ”. Type material. Lectotype (designated by Moravec 2000), ♀ in SDEI, labelled: “ Diego Suarez ” [dark green, printed] // “ Donckier ” [printed] // “ peut-être / la vraim / viridicyaneum / Brullé ” [handwritten, nearly illegible] // “ f. sulcoprotho- / racica / mihi ” [blue, handwritten] // “ Type! / Dr. W. Horn ” [printed] // “ Syntypus ” [red, printed] // “ Coll. W. Horn // DEI, Eberswalde ” [printed] // “ SDEI Coleoptera / # 301924 ”. Paralectotype. 1 ♀ in MNHN, labelled: “ Diego Suarez ” [handwritten]; “ voisin viridicyaneum / qui a les élytres entierement punctuis / le labre plus grand / noirâtre / rouge au milieu et aussi bords ” [handwritten by Fleutiaux, partly illegible]; “ Collection / Fleutiaux ” [printed]; “ Co-type W. Horn vidit pr. 14 / Collection Fleutiaux ” [handwritten (nearly illegible) / printed]; “ Prothyma (Physodeutera) / sulcoprothoracica m. / Dr. W. Horn det. 1914 ” [handwritten / printed]; “ Muséum Paris / Coll. E. Fleutiaux ” [printed]; “ Cotype / W. Horn ” [printed]. The two type specimens are provided with labels: “ Lectotype (or Paralectotype respectively) / Prothyma viridicyanea / sulcoprothoracica / W. Horn, 1914 / design. by J. Moravec, 2000 ” [red, printed], and “ Physodeutera (Toxoma) / sulcoprothoracica / (W. Horn, 1914) stat. nov. / det. Jiří Moravec 2000 ” [printed]. Other material examined. 1 ♂ in CCJM (ex APCA): “ Ambre ”; “ Mt. d’Ambre ”. 1 ♀ in MNHN: “ Diego Suarez ”.	en	Moravec, Jiří, Trýzna, Miloš (2021): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 23. Physodeutera (Toxoma) lokobensis sp nov., a new species close to Ph. (T.) conturbata Moravec, Ph. (T.) sulcoprothoracica (W. Horn) and Ph. (T.) dubia (Mařan), with revised type designation of the latter (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 151-182, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.1
03B47722112AFFF7DCF8DBF528E9FE07.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. Physodeutera (Toxoma) sulcoprothoracica differs from the other species treated above in having a larger and dully cyaneous body, notopleural sutures of pronotal disc distinctly visible from above and distantly from lateral margins of dorsally visible proepisterna, notably distinct, velvety black shadowy zone on elytra with almost effaced punctures within the area and also on posterior declivity (Figs 90, 102 – 104), more voluminous aedeagus with uneven ventral margin (Figs 100 – 101) and different sclerites within the internal sac, particularly the voluminous, uniquely shaped (bird-like) upper dorsal piece with small acute apex, which is well-visible both in left and right lateral aspect (Figs 100 – 101) but has not been observed in the other species. Due to its similar (though somewhat less distinct) velvet-black shadowy zone on the elytral disc, Ph. (T.) sulcoprothoracica may resemble Physodeutera (T.) subtilevelutina (W. Horn, 1934). However, apart from its different body coloration, Ph. (T.) subtilevelutina is immediately distinguished by its elytral maculation consisting of elongate humeral-lateral lunule and sublateral-median macula, as well as by very different shape of its aedeagus (see Moravec 2002 a). The discovery of the male (Moravec 2000, 2002 a) has revealed that the aedeagus and internal sac also differ from those in the subgenus Diarrhiza and that Ph. (T.) sulcoprothoracica is a distinct species of the subgenus Toxoma. Females of these two subgenera can easily be recognized by the shape of the penultimate palpomeres of labial palpi, which are only moderately dilated in Toxoma, whereas those in Diarrhiza possess widely inflated lateral margins.	en	Moravec, Jiří, Trýzna, Miloš (2021): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 23. Physodeutera (Toxoma) lokobensis sp nov., a new species close to Ph. (T.) conturbata Moravec, Ph. (T.) sulcoprothoracica (W. Horn) and Ph. (T.) dubia (Mařan), with revised type designation of the latter (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 151-182, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.1
03B47722112AFFF7DCF8DBF528E9FE07.taxon	description	Redescription. Body large and rather robust (Fig. 90), length 9.60 – 10.8 (female LT 10.75) mm, width 3.00 – 3.50 mm. Head (Fig. 93) with large eyes, length 3.10 – 3.30 mm. Frons dark metallic cyaneous, convex, almost smooth; supraantennal plates indistinct, inconspicuously bordered, merging with surface sculpture; frons-vertex fold blunt, fluently passing into vertex. Vertex deep cyaneous, with faint violet lustre, with deep and large transverse anterior impression reaching eyes; surface densely parallel-longitudinally striate-rugulose, rugae divergent posteriorly when passing onto temples; large juxtasutural areas with dense parallel rugae interrupted by two shallow yet distinct posterolateral impressions; posteromedian area finely wavy-rugulose; posteromedian and occipital areas finely irregularly rugulose. Genae deep blue with violaceous reflections, finely wrinkled. Clypeus black-blue, smooth with few wrinkles in middle. Labrum with four setae, ivory-testaceous to testaceous with metallic black-blue basomedian area, 1.05 mm long, 1.30 mm wide, basolateral margins arcuate, then conically attenuated towards indistinct lateral indentations and prominent, subacute anterolateral teeth and elongate, anteriad-prolonged tridentate median lobe; male labrum (Fig. 94) with anteromedian lobe possessing right-angled but pointed teeth; female labrum (Fig. 95) almost as long as wide, length 1.40 – 1.45 mm, width 1.50 mm, possessing longer anteromedian lobe with acute or three mucronate teeth, median tooth of which slightly longer. Mandibles (Fig. 93) almost symmetrical, normally shaped with four teeth and basal molar, brown with mahogany tinge, inner teeth gradually smaller towards basal molar, fourth tooth distinctly distant from third tooth. Palpi in male testaceous, only terminal palpomeres brownish-darkened in male (Fig. 96), while last two palpomeres of maxillary palpi brown-darkened in female; penultimate palpomeres of labial palpi moderately dilated with subparallel lateral margins (Figs 97 – 98), their ventral (smooth) side ochre-testaceous in male, brownish darkened in female. Antennae sexually dimorphic in coloration; in male with scape testaceous, antennomeres 2 – 3 black, 4 black with basal half paler, brownish (brown on right antenna), 5 – 7 testaceous, gradually darkened, 8 – 11 brownishsmoky; in female antennomeres 1 – 4 black-brown (except for paler ventral area of scape and base of antennomeres 3 and 4), antennomeres 5 – 6 testaceous, remaining ones darkened. Thorax. Pronotum (Fig. 99) moderately elongate, length 2.00 – 2.10 mm, width 1.65 – 1.85 mm, dark cyaneous with faint, deep violet lustre; anterior and posterior sulci well pronounced; anterior lobe narrower than posterior lobe and disc, with distinct anterior rim, surface shallowly irregularly rugulose; disc with lateral margins including dorsally visible proepisternal margins moderately convex, almost subparallel in female, slightly anteriad-attenuated in male, notopleural sutures markedly visible from above, mutually parallel-running or slightly mutually constricted in middle; median line narrow, but distinct; surface of disc densely transversely wavy-rugose; posterior lobe with distinct posterior rim, dorsolateral bulges pulvinate-elevated, almost smooth, fluently passing to irregularly wrinkled median area; proepisterna iridescent blue-green, indistinctly parallel-striate, striae particularly present along notopleural sutures; prosternum, mesosternum and metasternum iridescent blue-green, finely wrinkled (metasternum smooth); mesepisterna and metepisterna shiny blue-green; female mesepisternal coupling sulci indistinct, in form of opened shallow pit in middle. Elytra (Figs 102 – 104) elongate, 5.90 – 6.50 mm long; humeral impressions short yet rather deep, basodiscal convexity moderate, discal impression shallow yet large, apical impressions moderate; lateral margins slightly dilated in middle and at arcuate anteapical angles (more distinctly so in female), with sparse and short white setae on juxtaepipleural area, apices rounded in both sexes, indistinctly emarginated towards indistinct blunt sutural spine; elytral punctation with denser and coarser punctures on humeral, discal and lateral areas, occasionally anastomosing in chains, sometimes their elevated anterior margins forming blunt crests (the sculpture appears rasp-liked when observed under different light-angle); posterior half of elytral disc almost smooth as the punctures are almost effaced within black-velvety shadowy zone and on posterior declivity; elytral coloration dark metallic cyaneous with diffusing bronze and violet lustre and velvet-black shadowy zone passing from lateral margins across middle of elytral disc (the intensity of the dark zone changes depending on angles of illumination); elytral maculation consisting of large, white to yellowish humeral macula in male, which is reduced, brownish, barely visible in female. Abdomen. Abdominal ventrites metallic black-blue with faint bronze lustre, their surface glabrous as in other species. Legs. Coxae pale brownish with testaceous apices except for nearly testaceous male procoxae, female procoxae metallic brownish-blue; trochanters dirtily testaceous; male pro- and mesofemora distinctly bicoloured, blackbrown dorsally, testaceous or light-brownish ventrally; metafemora black with testaceous base; female legs much darker, femora almost entirely black or black-brown with mahogany tinge. Aedeagus (Figs 100 – 101) notably stout, length 2.55 mm, width 0.65 mm; dorsally with uneven margin while ventral outline almost straight in middle, apically moderately bent ventrad; apical portion almost fluently passing towards short, regularly rounded apex; structure of internal sac consisting of thin, straight (stick-like) arciform piece while the satellite piece is only rudimental; other sclerites consist of basal and dorsal plates, thin longitudinal ventral-upper piece, and additional, uniquely shaped dorsal-upper tooth that is voluminous in middle (bird-like shaped).	en	Moravec, Jiří, Trýzna, Miloš (2021): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 23. Physodeutera (Toxoma) lokobensis sp nov., a new species close to Ph. (T.) conturbata Moravec, Ph. (T.) sulcoprothoracica (W. Horn) and Ph. (T.) dubia (Mařan), with revised type designation of the latter (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 151-182, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.1
03B47722112AFFF7DCF8DBF528E9FE07.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 106). Known only from the type locality in the prefecture of Diego Suarez (northern Madagascar); the only male (CCJM ex APCA) comes from the Montagne d’Ambre of the same area.	en	Moravec, Jiří, Trýzna, Miloš (2021): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 23. Physodeutera (Toxoma) lokobensis sp nov., a new species close to Ph. (T.) conturbata Moravec, Ph. (T.) sulcoprothoracica (W. Horn) and Ph. (T.) dubia (Mařan), with revised type designation of the latter (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 151-182, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.1
03B47722112AFFF7DCF8DBF528E9FE07.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was originally described by Horn (1913) as Prothyma (Physodeutera) viridicyanea sulcoprothoracica (the issuing date was previously interpreted as 1914, also in Moravec 2002 a) and this status was consecutively maintained by Jeannel (1946) and Rivalier (1967) (as subspecies of Physodeutera (Diarrhiza) viridicyanea). However, Ph. (T.) sulcoprothoracica only superficially resembles Ph. (D.) viridicyanea and clearly differs from it by numerous characters, which are distinctive of the subgenus Toxoma, especially the moderately dilated but not inflated penultimate palpomeres of the labial palpi, aedeagus with reduced sclerites within the internal sac and the differently shaped and coloured labrum. Also the reduced epimero-proepisternal furrow of the prothorax (laterally separating posterior lobe from proepisterna), which was used as one of the diagnostic characters in the description of “ ssp. ” sulcoprothoracica by W. Horn (1913), is a diagnostic character of the subgenus Toxoma. In the original description, only two females from Antsiranana (Diego Suarez), North Madagascar (Montagne d’Ambre) were mentioned, and also Jeannel (1946), who treated it as Megalomma (Diarrhiza) viridicyanea sulcoprothoracica, mentioned only two females from the collection of Fleutiaux (probably the same type females on which Horn (1913) based the description and which are now deposited in SDEI). The only hitherto known male of Ph. (T.) sulcoprothoracica is that in CCJM (ex APCA), first described and illustrated in line drawings by the first author (Moravec 2002 a), accompanied with a colour photograph of its habitus (fig. 726); the colour photographs of the male are presented here. Only the elytron of the female lectotype (SDEI) is illustrated here (Fig. 103); for other illustrations of the lectotype see Moravec (2002 a).	en	Moravec, Jiří, Trýzna, Miloš (2021): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 23. Physodeutera (Toxoma) lokobensis sp nov., a new species close to Ph. (T.) conturbata Moravec, Ph. (T.) sulcoprothoracica (W. Horn) and Ph. (T.) dubia (Mařan), with revised type designation of the latter (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 5060 (2): 151-182, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.1
