taxonID	type	description	language	source
C00171030ECEFBF05785E6F18114F028.taxon	description	Fig. 1 A, B	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
C00171030ECEFBF05785E6F18114F028.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SAMC _ A 073042 (1 specimen): 53 km from Shaka's Rock / 46 km off Zinkwasi Estuary, 29 ° 32 ' 53.88 " S, 31 ° 47 ' 12.11 " E; 200 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
C00171030ECEFBF05785E6F18114F028.taxon	description	Description. Corallum cylindrical, straight to gently curved, tapering towards a broken base. Axial corallite of examined specimen measures 8.1 mm in CD and 48.9 mm in H, and bears 18 secondary corallites. Secondary corallites bud irregularly, usually perpendicular to axial corallite. Calices circular to slightly elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.00 - 1.1), calicular margin slightly serrated. Specimen examined has two scars of former buds on theca, with secondary corallites rarely exceeding 5 mm in CD. Costae well developed, particularly at calicular margin, corresponding with septa in size. C 1 most prominent, higher costae progressively smaller. Intercostal striae shallow and narrow. Theca thin. Corallum white, with C 1 - 2 having light greenish brown tints. Septa hexamerally arranged in four cycles, the last cycle being incomplete, according to formula: S 1> S 2> S 3> S 4 (46 septa). S 1 most exsert, reaching columella with straight and vertical axial margins. S 2 less exsert and half the width of S 1, also with straight axial margins bearing slender ribbons. S 3 not exsert, 2 / 3 the size of S 2, also bearing ribbons that intermingle with those of S 2. S 4 rudimentary, with sinuous to slightly dentate axial margins. Septa mostly smooth, with growth lines along septal margin, and faint granulation perpendicular to septal margin. Fossa deep, with poorly developed trabecular columella, which is indistinguishable from S 2 and S 3 intermingled slender ribbons.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
C00171030ECEFBF05785E6F18114F028.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off Shaka's Rock; 200 m. Elsewhere: Bahamas; Caribbean (Reyes et al. 2009); eastern Gulf of Mexico; northeastern Brazil (off Maranhao); St. Peter and St. Paul Rocks (Cairns 1979); Azores; Madeira; Canary Islands (Zibrowius 1980); New Caledonia (Kitahara and Cairns 2021); 37 - 640 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
232FBF467DC8C90B0B00BB0E61AF1B71.taxon	description	Fig. 1 C-F	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
232FBF467DC8C90B0B00BB0E61AF1B71.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SAMC _ A 090093 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 14 km off Durban / 12 km Mbokodweni Estuary, 29 ° 58 ' 00.00 " S, 31 ° 01 ' 59.99 " E; 49 m. SAM _ H 1683 (1 specimen): Western margin, 22 km off Cape Town / 13 km off Elsies Estuary, 34 ° 04 ' 59.99 " S, 18 ° 19 ' 59.99 " E; depth unknown. SAM _ H 3098 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 6 km off Durban / 9 km off Umgeni Estuary, 29 ° 52 ' 59.99 " S, 31 ° 03 ' 05.00 " E; 86 m. SAM _ H 3099 (7 specimens): Eastern margin, 19 km from Shaka's Rock / 3 km off Mdloti Estuary, 29 ° 38 ' 59.99 " S, 31 ° 07 ' 59.99 " E; 71 - 73 m. SAM _ H 3100 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 9 km from Shaka's Rock / 2 km off Tongati Estuary, 29 ° 34 ' 00.00 " S, 31 ° 10 ' 59.99 " E; 66 m. ORI _ EIa 4 (1 specimen): no locality data. USNM 91561 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 41 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 26 km off Kosi Bay Estuary, 27 ° 13 ' 03.60 " S, 32 ° 49 ' 18.00 " E; 60 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
232FBF467DC8C90B0B00BB0E61AF1B71.taxon	description	Description. Corallum solitary, ceratoid, tapering to a free pointed base. Axial corallite with ≤ two secondary corallites. Corallites bud from margin zone of parent corallum. Budding extra-tentacular. Calices round to slightly elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.0 - 1.1), with serrated calicular margin. Largest specimen examined (SAMC _ A 90093) 9.8 x 8.9 mm in CD and 16.1 mm in H. Costae prominent and unequal in width. C 1 - 2 wider than C 3 - 4. All costae granulated and separated by broad intercostal striae extending from calicular margin to base. Corallum white to reddish brown. Septa hexamerally arranged in four cycles according to formula: S 1> S 2> S 3> S 4 (48 septa). S 1 highly exsert, with straight axial margin that fuse to columella deep in fossa. S 2 slightly less wide and less exsert than S 1, but otherwise similar in profile. S 3 1 / 2 width and less exsert than S 2, with dentate axial margin, each bearing a paliform lobe (P 3). In each system, a pair of P 3 fuse before S 2 near columella. S 4 as exsert as S 3, but rudimentary in development. Septal faces bear granules arranged perpendicular to septa margin. Fossa of moderate depth, containing a crispate columella which is usually indistinguishable to pali.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
232FBF467DC8C90B0B00BB0E61AF1B71.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Western and eastern margin of South Africa, from Cape Town towards the Kosi Bay estuary, (41 km south of Ponta Do Ouro: Mozambique); 49 - 86 m. Elsewhere: off Pensacola; Florida; southern Caribbean from Colombia to Peninsula de Paria Venezuela (Cairns 1979; Reyes et al. 2009); from Spanish Sahara to Gabon (Zibrowius 1980); Philippines; Indonesia (Cairns and Zibrowius 1997); South China Sea; Mozambique; off Pemba; Tanzania; Maldives (Gardiner and Waugh 1938; Cairns and Keller 1993); 32 - 229 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
9C4D8FCDEFE8540C452FF82C585B0F22.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Solitary, subcylindrical, free. Tendency to bud new coralla from margin zone with subsequent loss of organic connection. Wall thin. Columella trabecular, no pali.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
81AFAEA335A7612E8800452F11101D21.taxon	description	Fig. 7 G, H	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
81AFAEA335A7612E8800452F11101D21.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Holotype: SAMC _ A 090157, Southern margin, 132 km from Gouritsmond / 143 km off Goukou Estuary, 35 ° 31 ' 52.31 " S, 22 ° 07 ' 25.28 " E; 170 m. Paratypes: DEFF / SAEON _ CCH 009 (15 specimens): Southern margin, 132 km from Gouritsmond / 133 km off Gourits Estuary, 35 ° 31 ' 52.31 " S, 22 ° 07 ' 25.28 " E; 170 m. DEFF / SAEON _ A 32786 (3 specimens): Southern margin, 145 km from Gouritsmond / 152 km off Goukou Estuary, 35 ° 39 ' 19.79 " S, 22 ° 02 ' 10.68 " E; 175 m. UCTES _ SST 91 P (4 specimens): Southern margin, other locality data unknown.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
81AFAEA335A7612E8800452F11101D21.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name Atlantia denticulata (derived from the Latin dens for small tooth + suffix - atus) refers to the axial margins of S 3 being dentate.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
81AFAEA335A7612E8800452F11101D21.taxon	description	Description. Corallum phaceloid to dendroid. Budding extra-tentacular from base or theca of parent corallite. Holotype consists of 84 corallites, and is 84.6 mm in H. Calice circular to elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.0 - 1.1). Epitheca absent. Theca porous, especially near calicular margin. Costae thick, equal in width, granular, and extend to base. Intercostal striae deep. Corallum white. Septa hexamerally arranged in a normal fashion, with four complete cycles according to the formula: S 1> S 2> S 3> S 4 (48 septa). S 1 almost meet opposite septa with vertical axial margins. S 21 / 3 to 1 / 2 width of S 1, also with vertical axial margins. S 31 / 3 the width of S 2 and have slightly laciniate to dentate axial margins. S 4 rudimentary, bearing dentate to laciniate axial margins. Septa not exsert. Septal faces bear granules sparsely arranged. Fossa deep, containing a rudimentary columella.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
81AFAEA335A7612E8800452F11101D21.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Southern margin, off Gouritsmond; 170 m. Elsewhere: Only known from the type locality.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
2824A1AC81D27249AF57F0365B951F48.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Colonies bushy, phaceloid to dendroid, achieved by extra-tentacular budding (frequently from theca of a parent corallite at an acute angle). No epitheca. Septa normally arranged and granular. Columella poorly to moderately developed. Gender: feminine.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
991767C6A052BA1A5A93B793A1CCDD4B.taxon	description	Fig. 1 G, H	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
991767C6A052BA1A5A93B793A1CCDD4B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. None.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
991767C6A052BA1A5A93B793A1CCDD4B.taxon	description	Description. Corallum solitary, ceratoid, and usually attached to a fragment of the parent corallum. Calice circular, with finely serrated calicular margin. Largest imaged specimen (Galathea Expedition stn. 196) 6.5 x 6.5 mm in CD, and ≤ 11.0 mm in H. Costae restricted to calicular margin, with low intercostal striae. Theca smooth and porcelaneous. Corallum white, with longitudinal light brown pigmentation. Septa hexamerally arranged in four cycles, the last cycle being incomplete, according to the formula: S 1> S 2> S 3> S 4 (30 septa). S 1 most exsert septal cycle. S 2 slightly less exsert than S 1, being 3 / 4 the width of S 1. S 3 - 4 progressively less exsert. S 3 dimorphic in size: those in half systems lacking S 4 only 1 / 2 the width of S 2, and those flanked by a pair of S 4 attain the same width as S 2. If present, S 4 1 / 2 the size of S 3. All septa with vertical and slightly sinuous axial margin, S 3 - 4 bearing dentate axial margins deeper on fossa. All septal faces with fine granulations. Fossa deep containing a rudimentary columella.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
991767C6A052BA1A5A93B793A1CCDD4B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off Durban; 424 - 430 m. Elsewhere: Vanuatu; Philippines (Cairns 1999 a); New Caledonia (Kitahara and Cairns 2021); Tanzania (von Marenzeller 1904 a; Cairns and Keller 1993); 182 - 790 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
C9A595F8CE7114448CE881E82D234E7D.taxon	description	Fig. 1 I, J	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
C9A595F8CE7114448CE881E82D234E7D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. ORI _ DIa 1 (2 specimens): no locality data.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
C9A595F8CE7114448CE881E82D234E7D.taxon	description	Description. Corallum solitary, attached, and conical to elongate. Calice circular, calicular margin smooth. Largest of two specimens examined (ORI _ DIa 1) 5.2 x 5.1 mm in CD, and ≤ 15.4 mm in H. Costae wide. Theca and costae granular. Corallum light brown. Septa hexamerally arranged in four cycles, the last cycle being incomplete, according to the formula: S 1> S 2> S 3> S 4 (32 septa). S 1 - 2 most exsert septa. S 1 extend almost towards centre of fossa, with vertical to slightly sinuous axial margin. S 2 1 / 4 less wide than S 1, also has vertical axial margin, and being granular deeper in fossa. S 3 - 4 progressively less exsert (if at all). S 3 dimorphic in size: those half-systems lacking S 4 only 1 / 2 the width of S 2, while those flanked by S 4 attain almost the same width of S 2. If present, S 4 1 / 2 the width of S 3. Axial margins of S 3 - 4 dentate. Septal faces finely granular. Fossa deep containing a rudimentary columella.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
C9A595F8CE7114448CE881E82D234E7D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa; depth unknown. Elsewhere: Tsugara Strait; and Japan Sea (Cairns 1994); 84 - 207 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
ACF91354F2D80715A84A3C53FAD3B093.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Corallum solitary, ceratoid, and free. Evidence of budding from a longitudinally fragmented of the parent corallum common. Costae poorly defined. Upper, distal septal margins join theca below upper thecal margin usually forming a calicular thecal rim. Slender paliform lobes occasionally present before S 1 - 3. Columella trabecular.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
3144DBFF541EE8143D28E62ABC6D1DFB.taxon	description	Fig. 7 I, J	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
3144DBFF541EE8143D28E62ABC6D1DFB.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. USNM 1423303 (neotype: 1 specimen): Southern margin, 11 km off Agulhas / 9 km off De Mond-Heuningnes Estuary, 34 ° 47 ' 12.12 " S, 20 ° 08 ' 35.87 " E; 32 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
3144DBFF541EE8143D28E62ABC6D1DFB.taxon	description	Description. Corallum trochoid and fixed to substrate by a thin encrusting base. Calice circular to elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.2). Only specimen examined (USNM 1423303) 9.0 x 7.8 mm in CD and 9.3 mm in H. Epitheca thin from middle corallum to encrusting base. Epitheca bear transverse ridges. Costae conspicuous near calicular margin, being equal in width, granular, and porous. Intercostal striae deep and as porous as costae. Corallum white. Septa hexamerally arranged in a prominent Pourtales plan, with five cycles, the last cycle being incomplete, according to the formula: S 1> S 2 ≥ S 4> S 3 = S 5 (≤ 55 septa). S 1 - 2 independent and not reaching columella. S 1 most exsert, and have straight to dentate axial margins. S 2 slightly less exsert, and 1 / 3 smaller than S 1, also with straight to dentate axial margins. S 3 - 4 progressively less exsert. S 31 / 3 the width of S 2, and displaying the most dentate axial margins. S 4 dimorphic in size: in half-systems without S 5, S 4 are as wide as S 2. Whilst in half-systems with S 5, S 4 neighbouring S 1 as wide as S 3 and S 4 neighbouring S 2 as wide to slightly less wide than S 2. Furthermore, half-systems without S 5, S 4 fuse before S 2 and extend to columella as one septum, but in complete half-systems, S 5 joins in front of S 2 and extend to columella as one septum. S 5, if present, similar in size as S 3. Fossa of moderate depth, containing a slender and elongate spongy columella aligned with GCD.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
3144DBFF541EE8143D28E62ABC6D1DFB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Western (van der Horst 1938) and Southern margin of South Africa, extending from off Oudekraal (van der Horst 1938) towards the Agulhas; 32 m. Elsewhere: Only known from South Africa.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
7B89349F4A47C96601133B2CBBD6DA98.taxon	description	Fig. 7 K, N	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
7B89349F4A47C96601133B2CBBD6DA98.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. DEFF / SEAON _ A 33997 (2 specimens): Southern margin, 39 km from Cape Padrone / 40 km off Boknes Estuary, 34 ° 03 ' 53.52 " S, 26 ° 42 ' 11.58 " E; 100 m. DEFF _ BD 17. INV 02 B (2 specimens): Southern margin, 27 km off Cintsa Mouth / 25 km off Bulura Estuary, 33 ° 01 ' 22.58 " S, 28 ° 17 ' 18.05 " E; 122 m. DEFF _ NANSEN-INV 16 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 16 km from Scottburgh / off Mahlongwana Estuary, 30 ° 18 ' 01.19 " S, 30 ° 54 ' 47.40 " E; 226 m. ORI _ EIa 3 (28 specimens), ORI _ EIa 4 (1 specimen), ORI _ EIa 5 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, other locality data unknown. SAMC _ A 073003 (2 specimens): Southern margin, other locality data unknown. SAMC _ A 073020 (8 specimens): Southern margin, Wavecrest Rocks; depth unknown. SAMC _ A 073032 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 9 km from Shaka's Rock / 12 km off Mhlali Estuary, 29 ° 32 ' 06.00 " S, 31 ° 19 ' 47.99 " E; 50 m. SAMC _ A 073034 (12 specimens): Eastern margin, 53 km from Shaka's Rock / 46 km off Zinkwasi Estuary, 29 ° 33 ' 29.87 " S, 31 ° 46 ' 59.88 " E; 180 m. SAMC _ A 073080 (3 specimens): Eastern margin, 49 km from Mtunzini / 42 km off Nyoni Estuary, 29 ° 21 ' 24.12 " S, 31 ° 56 ' 12.11 " E; 180 m. SAMC _ A 073111 (1 specimen): Southern margin, off Buffalo Bay; 10 m. SAMC _ A 073121 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 19 km from Shaka's Rock / off Mhlali Estuary, 29 ° 32 ' 53.88 " S, 31 ° 25 ' 30.00 " E; 65 m. SAMC _ A 073122 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 39 km from Port St. Johns / 13 km off Mkweni Estuary, 31 ° 30 ' 06.11 " S, 29 ° 55 ' 12.00 " E; 200 m. SAMC _ A 073163 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 18 km from Coffee Bay / 16 km off Mdumbi Estuary, 32 ° 01 ' 59.87 " S, 29 ° 19 ' 05.88 " E; 200 - 210 m. SAMC _ A 073174 (8 specimens): Eastern margin, 14 km from Coffee Bay / 9 km off Mdumbi Estuary, 31 ° 58 ' 48.00 " S, 29 ° 16 ' 48.00 " E; 90 m. SAMC _ A 073188 (1 specimen): Western margin, 31 km from Cape Point / 13 km off Krom Estuary, 34 ° 09 ' 24.00 " S, 18 ° 16 ' 29.99 " E; 75 m. SAMC _ A 073194 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 46 km from Gonubie / 5 km off Berg River V Estuary, 32 ° 57 ' 11.87 " S, 28 ° 02 ' 48.12 " E; 30 m. SAMC _ A 073201 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 10 km from Shaka's Rock / 12 km off Mhlali Estuary, 29 ° 31 ' 59.88 " S, 31 ° 19 ' 59.88 " E; 51 m. SAMC _ A 073224 (1 specimen): Southern margin, Cape Point; 13 m. SAMC _ A 073227 (5 specimens): Southern margin, 18 km from Pringle Bay / 16 km off Buffels Oos Estuary, 34 ° 12 ' 36.00 " S, 18 ° 46 ' 54.00 " E; 40 m. SAMC _ A 073229 (2 specimens): Southern margin, False Bay; depth unknown. SAMC _ A 073230 (2 specimens): Southern margin, False Bay; depth unknown. SAMC _ A 073231 (12 specimens): Southern margin, False Bay; depth unknown. SAMC _ A 073234 (1 specimen): Southern margin, False Bay; depth unknown. SAMC _ A 073244 (2 specimens): Southern margin, other locality data unknown. SAMC _ A 073246 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 34 km from Coffee Bay / 7 km off Ntlonyane Estuary, 32 ° 15 ' 11.99 " S, 28 ° 57 ' 42.00 " E; 47 m. SAMC _ A 090104 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 24 km from Pringle Bay / 21 km off Buffels Oos Estuary, 34 ° 09 ' 18.00 " S, 18 ° 49 ' 36.00 " E; 18 m. SAMC _ A 090106 (1 specimen): Western margin, off Paternoster; depth unknown. SAMC _ A 090107 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 15 km off Arniston / 21 km off De Mond-Heuningnes Estuary, 34 ° 46 ' 59.99 " S, 20 ° 19 ' 00.00 " E; 80 m. SAMC _ A 090108 (3 specimens): Southern margin, False Bay; depth unknown. SAMC _ A 090109 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 8 km from Port Elizabeth / 3 km off Bakens River Estuary, 33 ° 58 ' 05.99 " S, 25 ° 38 ' 53.99 " E; 9 m. SAMC _ A 090110 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 11 km off Pringle Bay / 8 km off Buffels Oos Estuary, 34 ° 16 ' 29.99 " S, 18 ° 49 ' 29.99 " E; 14 - 17 m. SAMC _ A 090111 (6 specimen): Southern margin, 19 km from Pringle Bay / 16 km off Buffels Oos Estuary, 34 ° 12 ' 36.00 " S, 18 ° 46 ' 41.99 " E; 40 m. SAMC _ A 090120 (2 specimens): Western margin, 16 km from Cape Town / off Diep Estuary, 33 ° 58 ' 59.99 " S, 18 ° 21 ' 00.00 " E; 17 m. SAM _ H 1368 (9 specimens): Southern margin, 29 km from Kenton On Sea / off Boesmans Estuary, 33 ° 53 ' 39.99 " S, 26 ° 51 ' 00.00 " E; 121 m. SAM _ H 1371 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 3 km from East London / 2 km off Buffalo Estuary, 33 ° 00 ' 48.00 " S, 27 ° 55 ' 18.73 " E; intertidal. SAM _ H 1377 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 28 km from Port Alfred / 3 km off Old Woman's Estuary, 33 ° 30 ' 00.00 " S, 27 ° 08 ' 59.99 " E; 93 m. SAM _ H 1383 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 18 km from Cape Padrone / 30 km off Boknes Estuary, 33 ° 49 ' 00.00 " S, 26 ° 16 ' 59.99 " E; 65 m. SAM _ H 1402 (2 specimens): Southern margin, 16 km from Cape Padrone / 28 km off Boknes Estuary, 33 ° 54 ' 15.00 " S, 26 ° 22 ' 59.99 " E; depth unknown. SAM _ H 1423 (1 specimen): Southern margin, off Great Fish Point Lighthouse, 183 m. SAM _ H 1438 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 8 km from Pringle Bay / 6 km off Buffels Oos Estuary, 34 ° 17 ' 55.37 " S, 18 ° 49 ' 10.85 " E; 33 m. SAM _ H 1471 (3 specimens): Eastern margin, 27 km from Mtunzini / 25 km off Matigulu Estuary, 29 ° 10 ' 36.00 " S, 31 ° 51 ' 00.00 " E; 115 m. SAM _ H 1479 (3 specimens): Southern margin, 11 km from East London / 5 km off Gouda Estuary, 33 ° 04 ' 59.99 " S, 27 ° 49 ' 29.99 " E; 146 - 283 m. SAM _ H 1483 (9 specimens): Eastern margin, 27 km from Mtunzini / 25 km off Matigulu Estuary, 29 ° 10 ' 36.00 " S, 31 ° 51 ' 00.00 " E; 115 m. SAM _ H 1484 (2 specimens): Western margin, 14 km from Cape Town / 8 km off Diep Estuary, 33 ° 53 ' 59.99 " S, 18 ° 23 ' 59.99 " E; 40 m. SAM _ H 1501 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 207 km from Coffee Bay / off Mdumbi Estuary, 33 ° 12 ' 00.00 " S, 30 ° 49 ' 00.00 " E; 73 m. SAM _ H 3043 (6 specimens): Southern margin, 28 km from Port Alfred / 3 km off Old Woman's Estuary, 33 ° 30 ' 00.00 " S, 27 ° 08 ' 59.99 " E; 93 m. SAM _ H 3044 (9 specimens): Southern margin, 17 km from Cape Point / 7 km off Elsies Estuary, 34 ° 12 ' 36.38 " S, 18 ° 27 ' 45.71 " E; 31 m. SAM _ H 3045 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 29 km from Kenton On Sea / off Boesmans Estuary, 33 ° 53 ' 39.99 " S, 26 ° 51 ' 00.00 " E; 121 m. SAM _ H 3046 (3 specimens): Southern margin, 6 km from Kenton On Sea / 5 km off Boknes Estuary, 33 ° 43 ' 07.59 " S, 26 ° 37 ' 37.95 " E; 90 m. SAM _ H 3047 (6 specimens): Southern margin, 2 km from Mosselbaai / 10 km off Hartenbos Estuary, 34 ° 10 ' 37.57 " S, 22 ° 09 ' 19.14 " E; 54 m. SAM _ H 3048 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 20 km from Cape Point / 4 km off Elsies Estuary, 34 ° 11 ' 30.71 " S, 18 ° 25 ' 55.55 " E; depth unknown. SAM _ H 3143 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 177 km from Gonubie / 18 km off Berg River V Estuary, 33 ° 04 ' 36.00 " S, 28 ° 06 ' 35.99 " E; 90 m. SAM _ H 3144 (19 specimens): Southern margin, 47 km from Port Alfred / 14 km off Mgwalana Estuary, 33 ° 30 ' 18.00 " S, 27 ° 22 ' 05.99 " E; 80 m. SAM _ H 3145 (19 specimens): Southern margin, 15 km from Port Alfred / 11 km off Riet Estuary, 33 ° 39 ' 18.00 " S, 27 ° 01 ' 36.00 " E; 90 m. SAM _ H 3146 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 46 km from Port Alfred / 12 km off Mgwalana Estuary, 33 ° 29 ' 24.00 " S, 27 ° 21 ' 11.99 " E; 80 m. SAM _ H 3367 (2 specimens): Southern margin, 15 km from Port Elizabeth / 16 km off Bakens River Estuary, 33 ° 49 ' 59.99 " S, 25 ° 40 ' 00.00 " E; depth unknown. SAM _ H 3835 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 21 km from East London / 18 km off Buffalo Estuary, 33 ° 08 ' 59.99 " S, 28 ° 01 ' 59.99 " E; 84 m. USNM 91776 (9 specimens): Eastern margin, 26 km from Durban / 22 km off Beachwood Mangroves, 29 ° 48 ' 00.00 " S, 31 ° 16 ' 00.00 " E; 232 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
7B89349F4A47C96601133B2CBBD6DA98.taxon	description	Description. Corallum ceratoid to trochoid, straight to slightly curved, and attached through a robust pedicel (PD: GCD = 0.4 - 0.7) that expands into a thin encrusting base. Calice circular to elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.1 - 1.3), calicular margin finely serrate. Largest specimen examined (SAM _ H 3146) 16.1 x 13.0 mm in CD, and 31.9 mm in H. Thick epitheca covering most of corallum, with transverse ridges. Costae conspicuous near calicular margin, equal in width, slightly convex, separated by porous and thin intercostal striae, and covered with fine pointed granules. Intercostal striae slightly sinuous. Epitheca slightly more solid than upper theca. Corallum white. Septa hexamerally arranged in five cycles, the last being incomplete, according to the formula: S 1 ≥ S 2> S 3> S 4> S 5 or S 1 ≥ S 2> S 3> S 5> S 4 (≤ 74 septa). S 1 - 2 independent but not reaching columella. S 1 most exsert, with straight to dentate axial margins. S 2 slightly less exsert, sometimes being slightly less wide, also having straight to dentate axial margins. S 3 - 4 progressively less exsert. S 3 half width of S 2, with most dentate axial margins. S 4 commonly arranged in a Pourtales plan: in a half-system a pair of S 4 fuses before S 3, and then fuses before S 2, before merging to columella. S 4 axial margins laciniate. Sometimes S 5 merge before S 3, before meeting columella as one septum. In other cases, S 5 restricted to calicular margin. Fossa of moderately depth, containing a varied slender and elongate spongy columella.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
7B89349F4A47C96601133B2CBBD6DA98.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Western to southern margin of South Africa, extending from off Cape Town towards Mtunzini; 9 - 232 m. Elsewhere: Only known from South Africa.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
648D76DB4BD43C7E9BDF1A40FFFC2589.taxon	description	Fig. 7 O, P	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
648D76DB4BD43C7E9BDF1A40FFFC2589.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. DEFF _ FHolon-INV 1 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, off Sodwana; 120 m. SAMC _ A 073016 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 31 km from Richards Bay / 46 km Mlalazi Estuary, 29 ° 00 ' 54.00 " S, 32 ° 15 ' 35.99 " E; 500 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
648D76DB4BD43C7E9BDF1A40FFFC2589.taxon	description	Description. Corallum ceratoid, straight to slightly curved, and attached by a robust pedicel (PD: GCD = 0.5) that expands into a thin encrusting base. Calice slightly elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.4 - 1.5). Largest examined specimen (SAMC _ A 073016) 12.7 x 8.5 mm in CD, 6 mm in PD, and 24.8 mm in H. Examined specimens lack epitheca. Costae corresponding to septa size (with C 3 - 5 being narrow), porous, densely covered with granules, and separated by narrow and deep intercostal furrows. Septa hexamerally arranged in five incomplete cycles according to the formula: S 1> S 2> S 3> S 5> S 4 (≤ 82 septa). S 1 - 2 most exsert, independent, and reach columella with straight and laciniate axial margins. Higher cycle septa (S 3 - 5) progressively less exsert. S 3 dimorphic in size: those in half-systems with S 5 ~ 1 / 2 size of S 2; but 1 / 4 the size of S 2 in half-systems without S 5. S 3 have slightly dentate to laciniate axial margins. S 4 also dimorphic in size: 1 / 4 width of S 3 in half-systems with S 5; but double the width of S 3 in half-systems that lack S 5. A pair of S 4 merges in front of flanked S 3 before joining columella as one septum. S 4 axial margins slightly more dentate than S 3. S 5 (when present) has double the width of S 4, fusing towards flanked S 4 before extending to columella as one septum. S 5 bear the most dentate axial margins. All septal faces covered with granules. Septa appear slightly crowded. Fossa of moderate depth, containing a slender, low-profile, and elongated spongy columella.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
648D76DB4BD43C7E9BDF1A40FFFC2589.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off Richards Bay extending towards Sodwana; 120 - 500 m. Elsewhere: Only known from South Africa.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
AD160A67242601288262559FD44CD5C6.taxon	description	Fig. 8 A, B	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
AD160A67242601288262559FD44CD5C6.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. USNM 91780 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 27 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 18 km off Kosi Bay Estuary, 27 ° 06 ' 00.00 " S, 32 ° 52 ' 58.80 " E; 74 m. USNM 91782 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 26 km from Port St. Johns / off Bulolo Estuary, 29 ° 34 ' 47.99 " S, 31 ° 41 ' 59.99 " E; 138 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
AD160A67242601288262559FD44CD5C6.taxon	description	Description. Corallum ceratoid to subcylindrical, straight to slightly curved, attached. Calice elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.1 - 1.3), with slightly lanceted calicular margin. Largest specimen examined (USNM 91782) 11.9 x 9.2 mm in CD, and 34.0 mm in H. Epitheca absent. Costae well developed throughout corallum, broad, separated by porous and thin intercostal striae, and covered with low-profile granules. Corallum white. Septa hexamerally arranged in five cycles, last cycle being incomplete, according to the formula: S 1 ≥ S 2> S 4> S 3; or if S 5 present S 1 - 2> S 3> S 5> S 4 (≤ 81 septa). S 1 - 2 most exsert, both independent, sometimes reaching columella with straight axial margins. Higher cycle septa (S 3 - 5) progressively less exsert, if at all. S 3 1 / 2 size (USNM 91780), or only slightly smaller than S 2 (USNM 91782). S 3 axial margins straight and vertical. S 4 dimorphic in size: those neighbouring S 1 ~ as wide as S 2; but those neighbouring S 2 being the same size as S 3, with dentate axial margins (USNM 91780). In half-systems with S 5, S 4 ~ 1 / 2 the width of S 3, whereas in half systems without S 5, S 4 similar in size to S 1. S 4 bear straight and slightly dentate axial margins (USNM 91782). In most cases a pair of S 4 merge before S 3 and extend to columella as one septum but sometimes the S 5 is arranged in a Pourtales Plan. Septal face granulation perpendicularly arranged. Fossa shallow, containing a spongy columella that sometimes is slender and aligned in GCD plane (USNM 91782), or relatively small and restricted to fossa (USNM 91780).	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
AD160A67242601288262559FD44CD5C6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Southern to eastern margin of South Africa, from off Shaka's Rock extending towards Kosi Bay Estuary (27 km south of Ponta Do Ouro: Mozambique); 74 - 138 m. Elsewhere: Mozambique (Cairns and Keller 1993); Pemba (Gardiner and Waugh 1939); Tanzania (Cairns and Keller 1993); northern banks of Kenya (Cairns and Keller 1993); Maldives (Gardiner and Waugh 1939); Red Sea (Gardiner and Waugh 1939); 6 - 274 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
5CA9095C509F241975895D920A9D0829.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. None.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
5CA9095C509F241975895D920A9D0829.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off Richards Bay; 51 m. Elsewhere: Seychelles (van der Horst 1926); Maldives (van der Horst 1926); off Sri Lanka (Alcock 1893); Japan (Eguchi 1968; Cairns 1994; Tachikawa 2005); 14 - 59 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
303BBC81BE9EA836D2DA522EBC5484F0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Having a conical corallum firmly attached through a polycyclic base.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
88813042B2695E37E603903626011003.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Corallum solitary, conical, and usually free, having a monocyclic base; corallum often curved or bent. Asexual budding may occur from margin zone. Epitheca present or absent (present in type species); synapticulotheca always costate. Costae bear short, hispid spines. Pourtales plan present; fifth cycle of septa often present. Columella elongate, spongy. Endotheca absent.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
45FD3BDEC57CF6B9063C0E4E02D36F3E.taxon	description	Fig. 8 E, F	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
45FD3BDEC57CF6B9063C0E4E02D36F3E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SAMC _ A 073157 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 10 km from Port Edward / 24 km off Bilanhlolo Estuary, 31 ° 05 ' 48.11 " S, 30 ° 18 ' 47.88 " E; 140 m. SAM _ H 3196 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 9 km from Shaka's Rock / 2 km off Tongati Estuary, 29 ° 34 ' 00.00 " S, 31 ° 10 ' 59.99 " E; 66 m. SAM _ H 3831 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 16 km from Cape Point / 18 km off Buffels Oos Estuary, 34 ° 23 ' 17.99 " S, 18 ° 39 ' 24.00 " E; 97 - 99 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
45FD3BDEC57CF6B9063C0E4E02D36F3E.taxon	description	Description. Corallum ceratoid, slightly curved, unattached. Calice circular to slightly elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.0 - 1.1), with serrate calicular margin. Largest specimen examined (SAM _ H 3831) 10.2 x 9.4 mm in CD, and 21.5 mm in H. Theca well developed. Upper theca porous, and lower theca more solid (epitheca). Costae poorly developed near calicular margin, becoming distinctively visible towards base, and covered with fine pointed granules. Epitheca irregularly banded. Intercostal striae thin and porous. Corallum creamy. Septa hexamerally arranged in four complete cycles according to the formula: S 1> S 2> S 4> S 3 (48 septa). S 1 - 2 most exsert, with straight axial margins. S 1 independent and extend towards columella. S 2 slightly less wide than S 1. Higher cycle septa (S 3 - 4) progressively less exsert, and bear laciniate axial margins. S 31 / 3 the width of S 2. In complete half-systems a pair of S 4 fuses before S 3 and extend to columella as one septum. All septa eventually join columella deep in fossa. Septal faces granular, with granules arranged perpendicular to septal margin. Fossa of moderate depth, containing a low, slender, and elongated spongy columella.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
45FD3BDEC57CF6B9063C0E4E02D36F3E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Southern to eastern margins of South Africa, off Cape Point extending towards Shaka's Rock; 66 - 99 m. Elsewhere: Philippines; Indonesia (Cairns and Zibrowius 1997); Australia (Cairns 2004 a); New Caledonia (Kitahara and Cairns 2021); Chesterfield Islands (Cairns and Zibrowius 1997); Somalia; Mozambique (Zibrowius and Grygier 1985); Seychelles; Reunion (Zibrowius 1985); Gulf of Oman (Zibrowius and Grygier 1985); Sri Lanka (van der Horst 1926; Gardiner and Waugh 1939); Gulf of Manaar (Bourne 1905); Maldives (Gardiner and Waugh 1939); Andaman Sea (Alcock 1893); Mergui Archipelago; Myanmar (Harisson and Poole 1909); 18 - 95 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
8648FF40EBE740AEDA43688C1977CAC1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Corallum solitary, turbinate to trochoid, fixed or free. Costae usually well developed. Synapticulotheca especially well developed near calice. Septa arranged in Pourtales plan. Pali may or may not be present. Columella spongy.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
1D55B92372AEA9B9E291D8415DB058F0.taxon	description	Fig. 8 C, D	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
1D55B92372AEA9B9E291D8415DB058F0.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. DEFF _ BD 17 - INV 02. B (2 specimens): Southern margin, 27 km from Cintsa Mouth / 25 km off Bulura Estuary, 33 ° 01 ' 22.58 " S, 28 ° 17 ' 18.05 " E; 122 m. SAMC _ A 073031 (3 specimens): Eastern margin, 12 km from Port St. Johns / 11 km off Bulolo Estuary, 31 ° 44 ' 17.87 " S, 29 ° 32 ' 42.00 " E; 300 m. SAMC _ A 073085 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 7 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 8 km off Kosi-Kumpungwini (Sifungwe) Estuary, 26 ° 54 ' 40.32 " S, 32 ° 55 ' 05.88 " E; 47 m. SAMC _ A 073183 (3 specimens): Eastern margin, 27 km from Richards Bay / 40 km off Mlalazi Estuary, 29 ° 00 ' 24.11 " S, 32 ° 12 ' 00.00 " E; 152 m. SAMC _ A 073184 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 39 km from Scottburgh / 36 km off Fafa Estuary, 30 ° 34 ' 00.00 " S, 31 ° 00 ' 00.00 " E; 900 - 625 m. SAMC _ A 073186 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 20 km from Durban / 13 km off Mbokodweni Estuary, 30 ° 01 ' 05.87 " S, 31 ° 03 ' 11.88 " E; 150 m. SAM _ H 833 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 11 km from East London / 5 km off Gouda Estuary, 33 ° 05 ' 03.24 " S, 27 ° 49 ' 33.40 " E; 146 - 238 m. SAM _ H 3065 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 11 km from East London / 5 km off Gouda Estuary, 33 ° 05 ' 03.24 " S, 27 ° 49 ' 33.40 " E; 146 - 238 m. SAM _ H 3066 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 11 km from East London / 5 km off Gouda Estuary, 33 ° 05 ' 03.24 " S, 27 ° 49 ' 33.40 " E; 146 - 238 m. SAM _ H 3067 (15 specimens): Southern margin, 11 km from East London / 5 km off Gouda Estuary, 33 ° 05 ' 03.24 " S, 27 ° 49 ' 33.40 " E; 146 - 238 m. SAM _ H 3068 (3 specimens): Southern margin, 14 km from Mazeppa Bay / 20 km off Great Kei Estuary, 32 ° 34 ' 00.00 " S, 28 ° 33 ' 00.00 " E; 174 m. SAM _ H 3069 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 11 km from East London / 5 km off Gouda Estuary, 33 ° 05 ' 03.24 " S, 27 ° 49 ' 33.40 " E; 146 - 238 m. SAM _ H 3070 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 25 km from Gonubie / 24 km off Gqunube Estuary, 33 ° 06 ' 17.99 " S, 28 ° 10 ' 59.99 " E; 155 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
1D55B92372AEA9B9E291D8415DB058F0.taxon	description	Description. Corallum ceratoid to sub-cylindrical, straight to slightly curved, attached to substrate by a robust pedicel (PD: GCD = 0.30 - 0.6) that expands into a thin encrusting base. Calice circular to elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.0 - 1.1), with serrate calicular margin. Largest specimen examined (SAM _ H 3069) 14.5 x 13.4 mm in CD, 4.0 mm in PD, and 24.0 mm in H. Synapticulotheca well developed and porous, visible at calicular margin. Costae poorly developed, separated by porous and thin intercostal striae, and covered with fine pointed granules. Epitheca thin, irregularly banded. Corallum white. Septa hexamerally arranged in five cycles, last cycle being incomplete, according to the formula: S 1 - 2> S 4> S 3> S 5 (≤ 52 septa). S 1 - 2 most exsert, independent, and reach columella deeper in fossa with straight axial margins. Higher cycle septa (S 3 - 4) progressively less exsert. S 31 / 4 the width of S 2, with straight to slightly sinuous axial margins. S 4 as wide as S 2 and arranged in a Pourtales plan: in each half-system a pair of S 4 fuses before S 3 and extend to columella as one septum with laciniate axial margins. S 5, if present, sometimes restricted to calicular margin, or arranged in Pourtales plan before common S 4. Septal faces bear granules sparsely arranged. Fossa of moderate depth, containing a thick and elongate spongy columella.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
1D55B92372AEA9B9E291D8415DB058F0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Southern to eastern margin of South Africa, extending from off East London extending towards Kosi-Kumpungwini (Sifungwe) Estuary (7 km south of Ponta Do Ouro: Mozambique); 47 - 900 m. Elsewhere: Sub-Antarctic and Antarctica (Cairns 1982); Chile (Cairns et al. 2005); 75 - 1137 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
96750D6F348B20B7BB84194F1B48D002.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. USNM 91540 (1 damaged specimen): Eastern margin, 23 km from Shaka's Rock / off Tongati Estuary, 29 ° 41 ' 14.39 " S, 31 ° 21 ' 10.80 " E; 85 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
96750D6F348B20B7BB84194F1B48D002.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off Shaka's Rock; 85 m. Elsewhere: Fiji (Moseley 1881); and Indonesia (Cairns and Zibrowius 1997); 90 - 384 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
869CFA1A076599E00F77336D27E2369A.taxon	description	Fig. 1 K, L	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
869CFA1A076599E00F77336D27E2369A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. USNM 91541 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 32 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 20 km off Kosi Bay Estuary, 27 ° 08 ' 10.79 " S, 32 ° 52 ' 07.20 " E; 98 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
869CFA1A076599E00F77336D27E2369A.taxon	description	Description. Corallum ceratoid, curved, unattached, with a slender and slightly curved pedicel (PD: GCD = 0.09). Calice compressed (GCD: LCD = 1.6). Calicular margin serrate. Only specimen examined: 19.9 x 12.4 mm in CD, 1.8 mm in PD, and 22.1 mm in H. Thecal margins rounded, with three thecal spines. Costae rounded, equal in width, and extending towards pedicel. C 1 more prominent than remaining costae. Intercostal striae narrow. Examined specimen eroded with a light brown appearance. Septa in 15 sectors arranged in four cycles, the last cycle being incomplete, according to the formula: 15: 15: 30: 8 (68 septa). Primary septa most exsert, and extend 3 / 4 distance to columella, with straight to slightly sinuous axial margin. Higher cycle septa less exsert (if at all). Secondary septa 1 / 4 the width of primaries, with sinuous axial margins. Tertiary septa 3 / 4 less the width of secondaries also having sinuous axial margins. S 4 rudimentary. A total of 15 (P 3) with sinuous axial margins encircle an elongated fascicular columellar. Fossa of moderate depth.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
869CFA1A076599E00F77336D27E2369A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off Kosi Bay Estuary (32 km south of Ponta Do Ouro: Mozambique); 98 m. Elsewhere: Japan (Cairns 1994); Philippines; Indonesia (Cairns and Zibrowius 1997); Wallis and Futuna Islands; Vanuatu (Cairns 1999 a); New Caledonia (Kitahara and Cairns 2021); Australia (Cairns 2004; Kitahara et al. 2010); Andamans Islands (van der Horst 1931); 37 - 490 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
29EBE6EE14BA81E74418A1CE751DF6A3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Caryophyllia with thecal margin spines or crests.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
091E54E3F7908519F6F998EFFD143F07.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. None.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
091E54E3F7908519F6F998EFFD143F07.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off East London; 59 m (Gardiner 1904). Elsewhere: Maldives (Alcock 1898); and New Caledonia (Kitahara et al. 2010; Kitahara and Cairns 2021); 282 - 384 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
C33EC2DC694768907BB12734B7D0D2A4.taxon	description	Fig. 1 M, N	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
C33EC2DC694768907BB12734B7D0D2A4.taxon	description	Description. Corallum straight to slightly curved, and attached to substrate by a broad pedicel (PD: GCD ~ 0.5) that expands into an encrusting base. Largest imaged specimen (MN _ SM 85) 13.0 x 12.0 mm in CD, 5.0 mm in PD, and 29.0 mm in H. Calice elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.08 - 1.14), calicular margin jagged. Costae prominent at calicular margin, with shallow intercostal striae, sometimes bearing granules. Theca thick and porcelaneous. Corallum white to beige. Septa hexamerally arranged in four cycles according to the formula: S 1 ≥ S 2> S 3> S 4 (48 septa). S 1 - 2 most exsert, equal in width, and almost reach columella with vertical to slightly sinuous axial margins. S 3 - 4 progressively narrower and less exsert. S 3 3 / 4 the width of S 1 - 2, each bearing a sinuous pali (12 P 3), and consistently 1 mm in width. S 4 slightly smaller than S 3. Higher cycle septa with sinuous axial margin, especially S 3. Septal faces somewhat smooth near calicular margin, but becoming granulated towards fossa. Fossa of moderate depth containing a fascicular columella, encircled by a P 3 crown.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
C33EC2DC694768907BB12734B7D0D2A4.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Southern and Eastern margins of South Africa, off Mazeppa Bay extending towards Cape Vidal; 550 - 850 m. Elsewhere: Australia (Cairns and Parker 1992, 1998, 2004 a; Kitahara et al. 2010); New Zealand (Cairns 1982, 1995); New Caledonia (Kitahara et al. 2010; Kitahara and Cairns 2021); Cocos and Galapagos Islands (Cairns 1991); Philippines; Indonesia (Cairns and Zibrowius 1997); Vanuatu (Cairns 1999 a); Mediterranean to the Azores (Cairns et al 1999); Bermuda; Cook Island (Cairns 1995); Chile (Cairns et al. 2005); northern Pacific (Gonzalez-Romero et al. 2008); 225 - 2200 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
F022470C5DEE8F9F882904621442AFDD.taxon	description	Fig. 1 O, P	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
F022470C5DEE8F9F882904621442AFDD.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SAMC _ A 072974 (2 specimens): Western margin, 168 km off PATERNOSTER / 173 km off Brak Estuary, 32 ° 05 ' 41.99 " S, 16 ° 19 ' 47.99 " E; 440 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
F022470C5DEE8F9F882904621442AFDD.taxon	description	Description. Corallum ceratoid, attached, tapering to a slightly curved and slender pedicel (PD: GCD = 0.20). Calice slightly elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.1), with slightly lancet calicular margin. Largest specimen examined (SAMC _ A 072974) 11.2 x 9.9 mm in CD, 2.4 mm in PD, and 23.0 mm in H. Costae poorly developed, but C 1 - 2 more prominent and double the width of C 3 - 4. C 3 - 4 equal in width. All costae prominent at calicular margin, disappearing towards base, and separated by shallow and thin intercostal furrows. Theca glistening, with faint costal ridges. Corallum white to light brown. Septa hexamerally arranged in four complete cycles according to the formula: S 1 ≥ S 2> S 3> S 4 (48 septa). S 1 highly exsert, and extend towards columella with slightly sinuous axial margins. S 2 equal to or slightly less wide and exsert than S 1, but otherwise similar in profile. Higher cycle septa progressively less exsert, but S 4 more exsert than S 3. S 4 joining neighbouring S 1 - 2 and forming a slightly lanceted calicular margin. S 32 / 3 the width of S 2, but have a more sinuous axial margin. Each S 3 bears a thin and sinuous pali (12 P 3). S 4 rudimentary, with straight to slightly sinuous axial margins. All septa and pali covered in granules. Fossa of moderate depth, containing a fascicular columella composed of five or six ribbon-like elements.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
F022470C5DEE8F9F882904621442AFDD.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Western and eastern (Gardiner 1904) margin of South Africa, off Paternoster extending towards Buffalo River mouth (Gardiner 1904); 146 - 567 m. Elsewhere: Japan (Yabe and Eguchi 1932 a); Andaman Sea (Alcock 1891); 146 - 1289 m (Cairns and Keller 1993).	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
7B66A7DFF89C3EF2C8176DD9B3B4A412.taxon	description	Fig. 2 A, B	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
7B66A7DFF89C3EF2C8176DD9B3B4A412.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SAMC _ A 073150 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 26 km off Mazeppa Bay / 33 km off Great Kei Estuary, 32 ° 41 ' 12.12 " S, 28 ° 43 ' 54.12 " E; 480 - 490 m. SAM _ H 2813 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 20 km off Cape Vidal / 23 km off St Lucia Estuary, 27 ° 59 ' 30.00 " S, 32 ° 40 ' 47.99 " E; 550 m. ORI _ DIIIa 3 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, other locality information unknown. USNM 62497 (4 specimens): Eastern margin, 4 km from Shaka's Rock / 5 km off Mhlali Estuary, 29 ° 29 ' 23.46 " S, 31 ° 15 ' 48.92 " E; 183 - 220 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
7B66A7DFF89C3EF2C8176DD9B3B4A412.taxon	description	Description. Corallum large, trochoid, usually free, and curved with a narrow pedicel (GCD: PD = 0.08 - 0.13) Calice elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.41 - 1.75), calicular margin jagged. Largest specimen examined (ORI _ DIIIa 3) 35.0 x 20.0 mm in CD, 3.0 mm in PD, and 30.0 mm in H. C 1 - 3 slightly ridged or absent. Upper theca and septal faces light beige, with white or discoloured lower theca. Septa hexamerally arranged in five complete cycles according to the formula: S 1 - 3> S 4> S 5 (96 septa). S 1 - 3 highly exsert, with straight to slightly sinuous axial margins. S 4 less exsert than S 1 - 3, each bearing a paliform lobe (24 P 4). S 5 more exsert than S 4, and fuse to adjacent septa at the calicular margin forming lancets. Septal faces and pali bear granules arranged parallel to septal margin. Pali thin, with sinuous axial margin, usually narrower than S 4, and forming crown encircling columella. Fossa moderately deep, composed of a fascicular columella composed of 6 - 8 broad twisted elements.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
7B66A7DFF89C3EF2C8176DD9B3B4A412.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Southern to eastern margin of South Africa, off Mazeppa Bay extending towards off Cape Vidal; 183 - 550 m. Elsewhere: Australia (Cairns 1998, 2004); New Caledonia (Kitahara et al. 2010); Indonesia (Cairns and Zibrowius 1997); Sumatra (von Marenzeller, 1904); Mozambique (Cairns and Keller 1993); and Maldives (Gardiner and Waugh 1938); 183 - 595 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
5200FBB30E95FEB6998B133B9CACB720.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Caryophyllia without thecal margin spines or crests.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
5BB00118CF8A19D1219BDCDDDD2A6B7E.taxon	description	Fig. 2 C, D	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
5BB00118CF8A19D1219BDCDDDD2A6B7E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SAMC _ A 090155 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, Sodwana, 120 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
5BB00118CF8A19D1219BDCDDDD2A6B7E.taxon	description	Description. Corallum trochoid and attached to substrate by a broad pedicel (PD: GCD = 1.5) that expands into an encrusting base. Specimen examined 12.8 x 10.7 mm in CD, 32.5 mm in H, and displays a case of rejuvenescence. Calice elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.27), with a jagged calicular margin. Costae poorly developed, but prominent near calicular margin and progressively disappearing towards base. Theca covered with thin transverse ridges. Corallum mostly white, but brownish purple near calicular margin. Septa hexamerally arranged in five cycles, the last incomplete, according to the formula: S 1 - 2> S 3> S 4> S 5 (52 total septa). S 1 - 2 equal in width and most exsert septa, with straight to slightly sinuous axial margins. S 3 - 4 progressively less exsert, with sinuous axial margins, S 3 being most sinuous. S 31 / 3 less wide than S 1 - 2, bearing a thick and sinuous pali (13 P 3). S 4 dimorphic in size: half systems with S 5 the S 4 neighbouring S 1 being 1 / 3 less wide than S 3, and S 4 flanked by S 5 being the same width as S 3; whilst in half systems without S 5 S 4 is 1 / 5 less wide than S 3. S 5 slightly less wide than S 4. Septal and palar faces covered with granules arranged in a perpendicular manner. Fossa moderately deep, containing a fascicular columella composed of 12 twisted elements.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
5BB00118CF8A19D1219BDCDDDD2A6B7E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off Sodwana; 120 m. Elsewhere: Australia (Cairns 1995, 2004 a); New Zealand (Cairns 1995); New Caledonia (Kitahara et al. 2010; Kitahara and Cairns 2021); Philippines; Indonesia (Cairns and Zibrowius 1997); Wallis and Futuna Islands; and Vanuatu (Cairns 1999 a); 89 - 1152 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
B80DBFEF5734D329CFF7DC7B0F2E869A.taxon	description	Fig. 2 E, F	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
B80DBFEF5734D329CFF7DC7B0F2E869A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. None.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
B80DBFEF5734D329CFF7DC7B0F2E869A.taxon	description	Description. Adapted from Cairns (1982) and von Marenzeller (1904 a): Corallum trochoid, slightly curved, and attached to substrate by a broad pedicel. Calice slightly elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.04), calicular margins slightly serrate. Imaged specimen 25.0 x 24.0 mm in CD and 54.0 mm in H. Costae flat, more prominent near calicular margin, and equal in width. C 1 - 3 sometimes slightly ridged. Theca thick, porcelaneous, and finely granulated. Corallum white with brown theca. Septa hexamerally arranged in five complete cycles according to the formula: S 1 - 2> S 3> S 4> S 5 (96 septa). S 1 - 2 moderately exsert, equal in width, and bearing axial margins that join columella deep in fossa. Higher cycle septa progressively less exsert. S 31 / 5 less wide than S 1 - 2. S 4 ~ 3 / 4 the width of S 3, each bearing a broad pali (24 P 4), with vertical inner margin. S 5 3 / 4 the width of S 4. All septal faces slightly granulated and septal margins straight, except for S 4 which may be slightly sinuous. Fossa moderately deep containing a fascicular columella encircled by a paliform crown.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
B80DBFEF5734D329CFF7DC7B0F2E869A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Southern margin of South Africa, off Agulhas; 126 m. Elsewhere: St Paul and Amsterdam Islands (Zibrowius 1974 b); Australia (Hoffmeister 1933); New Zealand (Ralph and Squires 1962; Squires and Keyes 1967; Cairns 1995); Sub-Antarctic Islands (Moseley 1881; von Marenzeller 1904 a; Zibrowius 1974 b; Cairns 1982); 35 - 1116 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
6A4EC2F61EC139791E3E95115B6DFE9F.taxon	description	Fig. 2 G, H	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
6A4EC2F61EC139791E3E95115B6DFE9F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. USNM 91538 (3 damaged specimens): Eastern margin, 69 km off Durban / 68 km off Beachwood Mangroves, 30 ° 08 ' 59.99 " S, 31 ° 37 ' 12.00 " E; 930 m. USNM 91539 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 44 km from Shaka's Rock / 45 km off Mhlali Estuary, 29 ° 41 ' 59.99 " S, 31 ° 37 ' 47.99 " E; 350 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
6A4EC2F61EC139791E3E95115B6DFE9F.taxon	description	Description. Corallum small, ceratoid to subcylindrical, slightly curved, and attached to substrate by a robust but narrow pedicel (PD: GCD = 0.3). Calice circular to slightly elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.1), with a slightly lanceted calicular margin. Largest examined specimen (USNM 91539) 8.2 x 7.4 mm, 9.3 mm in H, and 2.5 mm in PD. Costa equal in width, separated by moderately deep furrows that fade towards base. All costae covered with low granules. Theca thick. Corallum white to light brown. Septa decamerally arranged in three cycles according to the formula: S 1> S 2> S 3 (40 septa). S 1 highly exsert and almost meet columella with straight to slightly sinuous axial margins. S 2 ~ 3 / 4 the width of S 1, least exsert, but bear the most sinuous axial margins. Each S 2 bears a tall (extending above columella elements) and sinuous pali (10 P 2). S 3 slightly less wide than S 2 and bearing a less sinuous axial margin. All septal faces granular. Fossa moderately deep, with a fascicular columella composed of 6 - 8 ribbon-like elements.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
6A4EC2F61EC139791E3E95115B6DFE9F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off Durban extending towards off Shaka's Rock; 350 - 930 m. Elsewhere: Japan (Cairns 1994); South China Sea (Cairns and Zibrowius 1997); Indonesia (Alcock 1902 a; Cairns and Zibrowius 1997); New Caledonia (Kitahara et al. 2010 a; Kitahara and Cairns 2021); Vanuatu, Wallis, and Futuna (Cairns 1999 a); New Zealand (Cairns 1995); Australia (Cairns 1998); North Pacific (Gonzalez-Romero et al. 2008); 54 - 1669 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
A6CE4E620780A169F68DC9DCFC23C54B.taxon	description	Fig. 2 I, J	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
A6CE4E620780A169F68DC9DCFC23C54B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SAMC _ A 073073 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 29 km off Richards Bay / 20 km off Nhlabane Estuary, 28 ° 44 ' 23.99 " S, 32 ° 23 ' 12.11 " E; 320 - 340 m. SAMC _ A 073180 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 33 km from Mazeppa Bay / 24 km off Cwili Estuary, 32 ° 45 ' 47.88 " S, 28 ° 36 ' 24.12 " E; 240 - 250 m. SAMC _ A 090071 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 15 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 17 km off Kosi-Kumpungwini (Sifungwe) Estuary, 26 ° 55 ' 30.00 " S, 33 ° 01 ' 05.99 " E; 370 m. SAMC _ A 090077 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 34 km off Port Dunford / 38 km off Kosi-Kumpungwini (Sifungwe) Estuary, 29 ° 10 ' 00.00 " S, 32 ° 04 ' 59.99 " E; 170 m. USNM 91529 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 37 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 23 km off Kosi Bay Estuary, 27 ° 11 ' 05.99 " S, 32 ° 50 ' 53.88 " E; 100 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
A6CE4E620780A169F68DC9DCFC23C54B.taxon	description	Description. Corallum small, ceratoid to trochoid, and attached through a robust pedicel (PD: GCD = 0.3 - 0.8) that expands into a large encrusting base. Calice circular to elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.0 - 1.2), with serrated calicular margin. Largest examined specimen (USNM 91529) 6.9 x 5.8 mm in CD, 2.4 mm in PD, and 12.5 mm in H. Costae covered with well-defined transverse ridges; ridges split and re-join around corallum. Corallum white to light brown. Septa octamerally arranged in three cycles according to the formula: S 1> S 2> S 3 (32 septa). However, one specimen (SAMC _ A 090071) has decamerally arranged septa (40 septa). S 1 highly exsert, extending almost to columella. S 2 - 3 becoming progressively narrower and less exsert. All septa bear sinuous axial margins, sinuosity being extreme in S 1 - 2. S 2 bearing a highly sinuous and thick pali (8 P 2). Fossa shallow containing a prominent fascicular columella.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
A6CE4E620780A169F68DC9DCFC23C54B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off Kei Mouth extending towards Kosi Bay Estuary, (15 km south of Ponta Do Ouro: Mozambique); 100 - 370 m. Elsewhere: New Caledonia (Kitahara et al. 2010 a; Kitahara and Cairns 2021); Hawaii (Cairns 1984); Japan; East China Sea (Cairns 1994); Philippines; Indonesia (Cairns and Zibrowius 1997); Wallis and Futuna Islands; Vanuatu (Cairns 1999 a); Australia (Cairns 1998, 2004; Kitahara et al. 2010); New Zealand (Cairns 1995); Mozambique; Kenya; and Maldives (Cairns and Keller 1993); 71 - 581 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
7589C364A43B3CF9893DA82468456C51.taxon	description	Fig. 2 K-N	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
7589C364A43B3CF9893DA82468456C51.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. MN _ SM 162 (2 specimen): Southern margin, 40 km off Kei Mouth / 29 km off Cwili Estuary, 32 ° 55 ' 00.00 " S, 28 ° 31 ' 00.00 " E; 630 m. MN _ SM 174 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 26 km off Kidds Beach / 27 km off Ncera Estuary, 33 ° 19 ' 36.00 " S, 27 ° 52 ' 23.99 " E; 760 m. MN _ SM 226 (19 specimens): Southern margin, 32 km off Mazeppa Bay / 24 km off Kobole Estuary, 32 ° 28 ' 36.00 " S, 28 ° 58 ' 48.00 " E; 710 - 775 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
7589C364A43B3CF9893DA82468456C51.taxon	description	Description. Corallum ceratoid, straight to slightly curved, and attached to substrate through a robust pedicel (PD: GCD <0.60). Calice circular to slightly elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.0 - 1.1), with serrated calicular margin. Largest imaged specimen (MN _ SM 226) 15.0 x 15.0 mm in CD, 8.0 mm in PD, and 42.0 mm in H. Costae equal, flat, and smooth. Theca granular. Corallum white, with beige theca. Septa hexamerally arranged in four cycles according to the formula: S 1 - 2> S 3 ≥ S 4 (48 septa). S 1 - 2 equal in width, highly exsert, thick, and extend to columella with straight (although S 1 may be slightly sinuous in some specimens) axial margins. S 3 3 / 4 the width of S 1 - 2, less exsert, with extremely sinuous axial margins, which bear narrow and sinuous pali (12 P 3). S 4 equal to slightly smaller than S 3, but equally exsert, bearing straight axial margins. All septal faces appearing smooth, with small and randomly arranged granules deeper in fossa. Fossa of moderate depth, with fascicular columella composed of 6 - 9 twisted laths.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
7589C364A43B3CF9893DA82468456C51.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Southern margin of South Africa, off Kei Mouth extending towards Kidds Beach; 630 - 760 m. Elsewhere: Madeira and Azores, extending to off Portugal and Ireland (Zibrowius 1974 b); the Mediterranean (Zibrowius 1980); 520 - 2200 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
12FBF76FC345E7452B808AFA30199BA9.taxon	description	Fig. 2 O, P	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
12FBF76FC345E7452B808AFA30199BA9.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SAM _ H 1248 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 17 km from DURBAN / 8 km off Mdloti Estuary, 29 ° 42 ' 34.21 " S, 31 ° 05 ' 50.82 " E; 91 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
12FBF76FC345E7452B808AFA30199BA9.taxon	description	Description. Corallum ceratoid, unattached, and curved to a narrow pedicel (PD: GCD = 0.2). Calice slightly elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.1), with jagged calicular margin. Specimen examined 9.5 x 8.6 mm in CD, 2.0 mm in PD, and 11.3 mm in H. Costae granular, flat, and separated by narrow intercostal furrows that fade towards base. Corallum white. Septa hexamerally arranged in four cycles according to the formula: S 1 - 2> S 3> S 4 (48 septa). S 1 - 2 thick, slightly exsert, and extend to columella deep in fossa with straight to slightly sinuous axial margins. S 2 - 3 progressively less exsert. S 3 axial margin more sinuous than remaining septa. S 3 ~ 2 / 3 the width to S 1 - 2, each bearing a sinuous pali (12 P 3). S 4 rudimentary, but joining adjacent S 1 and S 2 at calicular margin to form rectangular lancets. All septal faces bear small pointed granules. Fossa relatively shallow containing a fascicular columella composed of five ribbon-like elements.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
12FBF76FC345E7452B808AFA30199BA9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off Durban; 91 m. Elsewhere: Brazil (Kitahara 2007); New Zealand (Cairns 1995); New Caledonia (Kitahara et al. 2010; Kitahara and Cairns 2021); Australia (Cairns 1995, 2004; Kitahara et al. 2010); Tanzania (von Marenzeller 1904; Gardiner and Waugh 1938); Madagascar Plateau; Walter Shoal (Cairns and Keller 1993); Sulu Sea; Celebes Sea (Alcock 1902 a); off Tonga and Samoa (Cairns 1995); Philippines; Indonesia (Cairns and Zibrowius 1997); Wallis and Futuna Islands; and Vanuatu (Cairns 1999 a); 253 - 2450 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
9ACFE885204FE4E91F11E6D663D8C78C.taxon	description	Fig. 3 A, B	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
9ACFE885204FE4E91F11E6D663D8C78C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. DEFF _ SVMEC-INV 190 (11 specimen): Southern margin, 54 km from Cape Point / 56 km off Buffels Wes Estuary, 34 ° 43 ' 48.62 " S, 18 ° 07 ' 14.02 " E; 386 - 392 m. DEFF / SAEON _ A 32776 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 200 km from KNYSNA / 210 km off Ratels Estuary, 34 ° 43 ' 48.62 " S, 18 ° 07 ' 14.02 " E; 636 m. SAMC _ A 073140 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 6 km off Cape Vidal / 17 km off St Lucia Estuary, 28 ° 08 ' 17.88 " S, 32 ° 36 ' 54.00 " E; 200 m. SAMC _ A 088909 (8 specimens): Southern margin, 140 km off Agulhas / 144 km off Ratels Estuary, 36 ° 02 ' 29.58 " S, 19 ° 41 ' 24.61 " E; 445 m. SAMC _ A 088922 (3 specimens): Southern margin, 140 km off Agulhas / 144 km off Ratels Estuary, 36 ° 02 ' 29.58 " S, 19 ° 41 ' 24.61 " E; 445 - 463 m. SAMC _ A 088923 (4 specimens): Southern margin, 140 km off Agulhas / 144 km Ratels off Bulura Estuary, 36 ° 02 ' 29.58 " S, 19 ° 41 ' 24.61 " E; 445 - 463 m. SAMC _ A 088928 (2 specimens): Southern margin, 65 km off Cape St. Francis / 70 km off Slang Estuary, 34 ° 47 ' 05.01 " S, 24 ° 45 ' 42.30 " E; 392 m. SAMC _ A 090127 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 240 km off Agulhas / 247 km off De Mond-Heuningnes Estuary, 36 ° 45 ' 34.13 " S, 21 ° 12 ' 46.61 " E; 513 m. SAMC _ A 090145 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 116 km off Knysna / off Goukamma Estuary, 35 ° 07 ' 11.27 " S, 23 ° 02 ' 41.91 " E; 333 m. SAM _ H 1378 (2 specimens): Southern margin: 11 km off East London / 5 km off Gouda Estuary, 33 ° 05 ' 03.24 " S, 27 ° 49 ' 33.40 " E; 146 - 238 m. SAM _ H 1394 (25 specimens): No locality data. SAM _ H 1396 (2 specimens): Western margin, 14 km off Saldanha / 31 km off Berg River I Floodplain Estuary, 33 ° 06 ' 29.99 " S, 18 ° 01 ' 59.99 " E; 347 m. SAM _ H 1418 (8 specimens): Western margin, 1 km off Cape Point / 8 km off Buffels Wes Estuary, 34 ° 21 ' 42.64 " S, 18 ° 30 ' 12.06 " E; 549 m. SAM _ H 1421 (2 specimens): Western margin 1 km off Cape Point / 8 km off Buffels Wes Estuary, 34 ° 21 ' 42.64 " S, 18 ° 30 ' 12.06 " E; 567 - 1024 m. SAM _ H 1433 (16 specimens): Western margin, 1 km off Cape Point / 8 km off Buffels Wes Estuary, 34 ° 21 ' 42.64 " S, 18 ° 30 ' 12.06 " E; 574 - 732 m. SAM _ H 1436 (44 specimens): Southern margin, 2 km off Mosselbaai / 11 km off Hartenbos Estuary, 34 ° 11 ' 10.12 " S, 22 ° 09 ' 40.59 " E; 165 - 183 m. SAM _ H 1448 (92 specimens): Southern margin, 241 km off Agulhas / 247 km off De Mond-Heuningnes Estuary, 36 ° 40 ' 00.00 " S, 21 ° 25 ' 59.99 " E; 200 m. SAM _ H 1485 (72 specimens): Southern margin, 241 km off Agulhas / 247 km off De Mond-Heuningnes Estuary, 36 ° 40 ' 00.00 " S, 21 ° 25 ' 59.99 " E; 200 m. SAM _ H 3056 (21 specimen): Southern margin, 2 km off Mosselbaai / 11 km off Hartenbos Estuary, 34 ° 11 ' 10.12 " S, 22 ° 09 ' 40.59 " E; 229 m. SAM _ H 3059 (2 specimens): South Africa, no other locality data.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
9ACFE885204FE4E91F11E6D663D8C78C.taxon	description	Description. Corallum ceratoid, unattached, curved, having a slender pedicel (PD: GCD = 0.1 - 0.2). Calice slightly elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.1), with smooth to slightly serrated calicular margin. Largest specimen examined (SAM _ H 1485) 11.4 x 10.2 mm in CD, 1.8 mm in PD, and 22.4 mm in H. Costae poorly developed, slightly granular, and separated by shallow intercostal furrows. Costae extending towards base. Theca thick. Corallum white, with yellowish brown theca. Septa hexamerally arranged in four cycles according to the formula: S 1 - 2> S 3> S 4 (48 septa). S 1 - 2 slightly exsert and extend to columella. S 32 / 3 the width of S 1 - 2, and bear a sinuous pali (12 P 3). S 4 1 / 4 the width of S 3. All septal have sinuous axial margins, S 3 being the most sinuous. Higher cycle septa (S 3 - 4) progressively less exsert (if at all). Fossa relatively deep, with a fascicular columella composed of 4 - 6 ribbon-like elements.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
9ACFE885204FE4E91F11E6D663D8C78C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Western to eastern margin of South Africa, off Saldanha extending towards Cape Vidal; 200 - 567 m. Elsewhere: Western Australia (Cairns 1998); 240 - 402 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
EC30274579B1DBF0FE11ECA61F34446D.taxon	description	Fig. 3 C, D	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
EC30274579B1DBF0FE11ECA61F34446D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SAM _ H 3108 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 35 km from Durban / 33 km off Mbokodweni Estuary, 30 ° 03 ' 49.62 " S, 31 ° 15 ' 30.89 " E; depth unknown. ORI _ DIIIa 1 (7 specimens): Eastern margin, no other locality data.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
EC30274579B1DBF0FE11ECA61F34446D.taxon	description	Description. Corallum ceratoid, unattached, curved, and with a small pedicel (PD: GCD = 0.1). Calice subcylindrical, slightly compressed (GCD: LCD = 0.9 - 1.2), and with a jagged calicular margin. Largest specimen examined (SAM _ H 3108) 26.8 x 23.0 mm in CD, 2.8 mm in PD, and 55.3 mm in H. Costae poorly developed and flat, except for C 1 - 2, which are prominent and high. C 1 - 2 slightly wider than C 3 - 4. All costae covered with fine granules, extending towards base, and separated by narrow intercostal striae. Theca thick. Corallum white, with beige theca. Septa octamerally arranged in four cycles according to the formula: S 1> S 2> S 3 - 4 (64 septa). S 1 most wide, with straight axial margins that meet columella deep in fossa. S 2 slightly less wide than S 1, with straight to slightly sinuous axial margins. S 1 - 2 most exsert. S 3 - 41 / 3 less wide than S 2, and bear sinuous axial margins. S 3 the most sinuous and each bearing a tall and thin pali (16 P 3). All septal faces covered with sparsely arranged granules. Fossa relatively deep, with a fascicular columella composed of 4 - 12 ribbon-like elements.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
EC30274579B1DBF0FE11ECA61F34446D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Western (Zibrowius and Gili 1990) and eastern margins of South Africa, off Alexander Bay (Zibrowius and Gili 1990) and southeast of Durban; 442 - 882 m. Elsewhere: Walvis Ridge (Zibrowius and Gili 1990); 882 - 2670 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
FB5E5052C28F50D3EC241C6F6B7F615A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Corallum solitary, attached or free: if attached, corallum cylindrical, trochoid, or ceratoid; if free, corallum usually cornute. Calice circular, elliptical, or compressed; thecal margin spines present on species having compressed coralla. Septal symmetry variable, but hexameral symmetry with four cycles of septa most common. One crown of paliform lobes present before penultimate or rarely the antepenultimate cycle of septa. Columella fascicular, composed of several twisted laths. Exclusively azooxanthellate and common in deep water.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
992D51AB7CFE2521E6A2650D84D920E6.taxon	description	Fig. 3 E, F	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
992D51AB7CFE2521E6A2650D84D920E6.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. None.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
992D51AB7CFE2521E6A2650D84D920E6.taxon	description	Description. Corallum ceratoid, attached through a robust pedicel (PD: GCD = 0.4) that expands into an encrusting base. Calice elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.2) with a serrated calicular margin. Only imaged specimen examined (NAD 17 1 F) 5.9 x 5.0 mm in CD, 2.2 mm in PD, and 7.0 mm in H. Theca granulated. Costae prominent at calicular margin, with C 1 -- 2 more prominent and distinctive. No intercostal striae. Corallum white. Septa hexamerally arranged in four complete cycles according to the formula: S 1 - 2> S 3> S 4 (48 septa). S 1 - 2 equal in size and exsertness, with slightly sinuous axial margins, and almost meet columella. Remaining septa (S 3 - 4) becoming progressively less exsert. S 3 ~ 3 / 4 the width of S 1 - 2, and have the most sinuous axial margins. S 4 rudimentary, also with straight to slightly sinuous axial margins. Septal faces bear small and blunt granules. Fossa moderately deep, with a rudimentary fascicular columella composed of two twisted elements.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
992D51AB7CFE2521E6A2650D84D920E6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off Isipingo; 49 m. Elsewhere: Seamount or ridge on Heezen fracture zone, South Pacific; 549 m (Cairns 1982).	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
357A0A7A5BE7872EC153313006953209.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Corallum solitary, ceratoid to turbinate, and usually attached. Septotheca costate or covered with transverse ridges. Pali absent; columella fascicular composed of discrete, twisted elements.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
43CDFF99C20B9AEFEADD609F75A90992.taxon	description	Fig. 14 J-L	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
43CDFF99C20B9AEFEADD609F75A90992.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SAMC _ A 073032 (2 colonies): Eastern margin, 9 km from Shaka's Rock / 12 km off Mhlali Estuary, 29 ° 32 ' 06.00 " S, 31 ° 19 ' 47.99 " E; 50 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
43CDFF99C20B9AEFEADD609F75A90992.taxon	description	Description. Colony reptoid, composed of elongated individual corallites joined by stolons. Corallites cylindrical, with circular to elliptical calices (GCD: LCD = 1.0 - 1.1), and ≤ 6.8 mm in H. Calicular margin smooth. Epitheca smooth and thin. Septa hexamerally arranged in four cycles according to the formula: S 1 - 2> S 3> S 4 (48 septa). S 1 - 2 equal in width and bearing variable axial margin: sometimes smooth and in other cases dentate, both types extend to columella. S 3 equal to or 1 / 3 smaller than S 1 - 2, and bear a dentate axial margin. S 4 rudimentary, also having dentate axial margin. All septa non-exsert and closely packed. Fossa moderately deep containing a papillose columella composed of granulated rods.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
43CDFF99C20B9AEFEADD609F75A90992.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, from off O'Neil Peak extending towards Durban; 50 - 101 m. Elsewhere: Australia (Hoffmeister 1933; Cairns and Parker 1992; Cairns 1998, 2004 a); 3 - 378 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
E92BB7C7603A9CEABB3853BD13ED8AEA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Corallum colonial and consisting of low cylindrical corallites linked together by stolons. Corallites epithecate. S 1 weakly dentate or lobate. Higher cycle septa finely dentate. Pali absent. Columella rudimentary.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
C4F5DACA63E1D0A45EDBBB05134F30B1.taxon	description	Fig. 14 M, N	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
C4F5DACA63E1D0A45EDBBB05134F30B1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. None.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
C4F5DACA63E1D0A45EDBBB05134F30B1.taxon	description	Description. Corallum colonial, reptoid, with short, cylindrical, and small individual corallites connected by stolons. Calice circular. Calicular margin smooth. Septa hexamerally arranged in three cycles according to the formula: S 1 - 2 ≥ S 3 (24 septa). S 1 - 2 equal in size, convex, and extend to an under-developed columella (if present) with slightly dentated axial margins. S 3 rudimentary and curved towards S 2 with dentate axial margins. Septa loosely packed. Pali absent. Columella rudimentary or absent. Fossa shallow.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
C4F5DACA63E1D0A45EDBBB05134F30B1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off Durban; intertidal- 138 m. Elsewhere: Mozambique; depth unknown (Boshoff 1981).	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
5BABA328B8E1B3AC05B8BC4E15F57110.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. None.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
5BABA328B8E1B3AC05B8BC4E15F57110.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off KwaZulu-Natal; depth unknown (Duncan 1876). Elsewhere: Tanzania (Gardiner and Waugh 1938); Kenya (Cairns and Keller 1993); 34 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
4BDB5ADF0B0227FE0B2FD6519DA5AE99.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Corallum cuneiform, with rounded base and calice elliptical in cross section. GCD ≤ 25.0 mm. Costae highly ridged, independent in origin, and serrate in ornamentation. Intercostal region equal to costae in width, not pitted, and quite deep. Septa highly exsert and hexamerally arranged in four or five cycles (48 - 96 septa). Lamellar pali in three crowns before all but last septal cycle (P 1 - 3 or P 1 - 4), higher cycle pali arranged in chevrons. Columella papillose to sub-lamellar.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
4BD4AD9AB4B38DF9B955EA8E31869A15.taxon	description	Fig. 15 A, B	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
4BD4AD9AB4B38DF9B955EA8E31869A15.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SAMC _ A 073181 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 11 km from Port St. Johns / 10 km off Bulolo Estuary, 31 ° 43 ' 54.12 " S, 29 ° 32 ' 12.11 " E; 190 m. SAMC _ A 087424 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 19 km from Durban / 18 km off Beachwood Mangroves, 29 ° 53 ' 24.00 " S, 31 ° 11 ' 12.11 " E; 270 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
4BD4AD9AB4B38DF9B955EA8E31869A15.taxon	description	Description. Corallum cuneiform, laterally compressed, with a rounded base. Thecal edge crests absent. Calice elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.7 - 1.9), calicular margin lanceted. Largest specimen examined (SAMC _ A 073181) 21.2 x 12.3 mm in CD, and 21.5 mm in H. Costae ridged, serrated, highly granular, and equal in width. Intercostal striae narrow, deep, and extend to base. Corallum predominantly pale cream, but freshly collected specimens pale orange with white septa and calicular margin. Septa hexamerally arranged in five incomplete cycles according to the formula: S 1 ≥ S 2> S 4> S 3 or S 1 ≥ S 2> S 3> S 5> S 4. S 1 highly exsert and each bearing a small palus. S 2 slightly less exsert, and slightly smaller or equal in size to S 1. P 2 similar to P 1 but rising higher than it in fossa. In half-systems without S 5, S 3 smaller and less exsert than S 2 and bear the widest pali. S 4 dimorphic in development: those adjacent to S 1 are wider than those adjacent to S 2. S 4 fuses to S 1 and S 2 at calicular margin forming triangular apexes. In half-systems with S 5, S 3 small and bear a wide palus. S 4 adjacent to S 2 slightly wider than S 3 and also bear a wide palus. S 4 adjacent to S 1 lack pali. S 5 dimorphic in development: those adjacent S 1 wider but as exsert as ones neighbouring S 2. All axial edge of septa and pali slightly sinuous, with faces being uniformly covered by pointed and sharp granules. Columella papillose and aligned with GCD, but sometimes difficult to view due to the highly compressed corallum.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
4BD4AD9AB4B38DF9B955EA8E31869A15.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off Port St. Johns extending towards Durban; 190 - 270 m. Elsewhere: Tanzania (Gardiner and Waugh 1938); Japan; South China Sea (Cairns 1994); Philippines; Indonesia (Cairns and Zibrowius 1997); Australia (Cairns 1998); Vanuatu (Cairns 1999 a); New Caledonia (Kitahara and Cairns 2021); 123 - 1110 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
CEA2F64F06ADE94F5A3A30C288F340D1.taxon	description	Fig. 15 C, D	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
CEA2F64F06ADE94F5A3A30C288F340D1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. ORI _ BVIa 2 (1 specimen): Locality data unknown, 80 m. SAMC _ A 073139 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 35 km from Cape Vidal / 32 km off St Lucia Estuary, 27 ° 49 ' 41.87 " S, 32 ° 38 ' 12.11 " E; 54 m. USNM 91711 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 26 km from Port St. Johns / off Bulolo Estuary, 29 ° 34 ' 47.99 " S, 31 ° 41 ' 59.99 " E; 138 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
CEA2F64F06ADE94F5A3A30C288F340D1.taxon	description	Description. Corallum bowl-shaped with a pointed base. Calice circular (GCD: LCD = 1.0 - 1.2), with a slightly serrated calicular margin. Largest specimen examined (SAMC _ A 073139) 6.7 mm in CD, and 3.7 mm in H. Costae ridged, granular, with only C 1 extending from calicular margin to base epicentre. C 3 fuses to their adjacent C 4 (~ 1 / 2 or 1 / 3 from base epicentre), and closer to base the fused costa joins C 2 to form a single costa that reaches base epicentre. Intercostal striae wide and deep near calicular margin, but progressively getting narrower and shallower near base epicentre. Corallum white. Septa hexamerally arranged in four cycles according to the formula: S 1> S 2 ≥ S 4> S 3 (48 septa). S 1 independent, most exsert, and separated from columella by a small palus, which is difficult to distinguish from columellar elements. S 2 less exsert and 3 / 4 width of S 1, each bearing a thick palus that joins neighbouring P 3 - 4 closer to columella. S 3 ~ 1 / 2 the width of S 2, less exsert, and bearing a thin palus (P 3). S 4 dimorphic in development: those adjacent to S 1 are wider than S 3, but S 4 adjacent to S 2 are equal in width to S 3. Small spines perpendicular to septal and palar margins give them a coarse appearance. Fossa absent. Columella papillose.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
CEA2F64F06ADE94F5A3A30C288F340D1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa; extending off Shaka's Rock towards Cape Vidal; 54 - 138 m. Elsewhere: Japan (Yabe and Eguchi 1932 a); Philippines; Indonesia (Cairns and Zibrowius 1997); Wallis and Futuna (Cairns 1999 a); Australia (Cairns and Parker 1992; Cairns 2004); New Zealand (Cairns 1994); Tanzania; Red Sea (Gardiner and Waugh 1938; Cairns and Keller 1993); Florida; and Brazil (Cairns 1979); 44 - 635 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
21EBA8ACB67FB46591F9AB09B41DCC8A.taxon	description	Fig. 15 E, F	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
21EBA8ACB67FB46591F9AB09B41DCC8A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. USNM 91551 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 33 km from SHAKA'S ROCK / 34 km off Tongati Estuary, 29 ° 44 ' 17.99 " S, 31 ° 27 ' 36.00 " E; 300 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
21EBA8ACB67FB46591F9AB09B41DCC8A.taxon	description	Description. Corallum unattached, shaped as a bowl with a pointed epicentre base. Calice circular, with serrate calicular margin. Specimen examined 10.0 x 9.8 mm in CD, and 6.3 mm in H. Costae granular, rounded, wider near calicular margin, and progressively smaller in width toward base. Only C 1 - 2 extend towards pointed base. Intercostal spaces deep, also being wider near calicular margin, and progressively getting narrower towards base. Corallum white. Septa hexamerally arranged in four cycles according to the formula: S 1> S 2> S 4> S 3 (total of 48 septa). S 1 most exsert, septa independent, bearing the largest and highest pali, which are separated from septa by a deep notch. Higher cycle septa (S 2 - 4) becoming progressively less exsert. S 2 slightly smaller than S 1, also with a deep notch before a smaller palus. S 3 3 / 4 the width of S 2, with small pali. S 4 1 / 4 wider than S 3, with a pali slightly smaller than P 2. P 4 extend towards columella where it forms delta with adjacent P 2. Sharp granules present on septal and palar faces. Moderately deep fossa, containing a papillose columella composed of a group of intertwined rods.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
21EBA8ACB67FB46591F9AB09B41DCC8A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off Shaka's Rock; 300 m (Cairns and Keller 1993). Elsewhere: Zanzibar (Gardiner and Waugh 1938); Madagascar (Zibrowius 1974 a); New Caledonia (Kitahara and Cairns 2021); 217 - 1400 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
00381A8D896735285AF4A8793014F7EF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Corallum bowl-shaped, with rounded base, and calice circular in cross section; transverse division absent. Costae ridged and serrate; intercostal regions deep, narrow, and not pitted. Higher cycle costae (C 3 - 4) originate by bi- or trifurcation. Septa hexamerally arranged in four complete cycles. Sub-lamellar to styliform pali before all but last cycles of septa. Columella papillose.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
E368EA46E8E5DF8EF73968D9C76CB675.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. None.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
E368EA46E8E5DF8EF73968D9C76CB675.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Western margin of South Africa, off Alexander Bay and Port Nolloth; 882 - 1412 m (Zibrowius and Gili 1991). Elsewhere: widespread in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico (Cairns 1978, 1979; Cairns et al. 2009); off Rio de Janeiro in Brazil; Bermuda (Cairns 1979; Kitahara 2007); Colombia (Reyes et al. 2009); Gulf of Gasco; Azores; Morocco; Miocene of Italy; Gulf of Guinea; Angola (Zibrowius 1980); 403 - 2634 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
C931A9A6E32F556AFED5F46F9652C3C7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Solitary, discoidal to patellate, usually free. Septotheca costate. Septa arranged in 4 - 5 cycles, only S 1 being independent. Pali before all but last cycle. Axial margins of higher cycle pali join to faces of adjacent septa (deltas). Columella papillose.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
0E3B782C20EA18658574D593767BC70B.taxon	description	Fig. 7 E, F	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
0E3B782C20EA18658574D593767BC70B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. USNM 91550 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 28 km from Scottburgh / 21 km off Mkomazi, 30 ° 11 ' 59.99 " S, 32 ° 01 ' 00.00 " E; 1360 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
0E3B782C20EA18658574D593767BC70B.taxon	description	Description. Corallum discoidal, unattached, with a flat to slightly bowl-shaped base. Calice slightly elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.2), with a lanceted and scalloped calicular margin. Specimen examined 30.4 x 25.5 mm in CD. All costae serrated and prominent at calicular margin. Intercostal spaces deep and wider at calicular margin, becoming progressively narrower towards base. Costae granular, resulting in a serrated costal margin. Corallum white, being light reddish brown around columella. Septa hexamerally arranged in five cycles according to the formula: S 1 - 2> S 3> S 4> S 5 (total of 96 septa). S 1 - 2 appearing independent septa, but fusing to neighbouring septa through porous connections. S 1 - 2 moderately exsert, bear pali, each of which is separated from its septum by a notch. S 3 3 / 4 the width of S 1 - 2, less exsert, and sometimes each bearing a small palus. S 4 less wide than S 3, but equally exsert, and each bearing a tall palus, which form a distinctive crown around columella. S 5 rudimentary. All septa fuse to adjacent septa, but position of fusion varies: S 1 - 4 join neighbouring septa near columella whilst S 5 join S 4 near calicular margin. P 1 - 3 small, with P 1 - 2 being 1 / 4 or 1 / 2 the size of P 4, and P 3 consistently half the size of P 1 - 2, positioned at porous fusions. P 4 positioned further away from columella, alluding to a crown of 24 pali. Upper margins of all septa smooth. Fossa shallow, containing a papillose columella composed of irregularly shaped papillae.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
0E3B782C20EA18658574D593767BC70B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off Scottburgh; 1360 m. Elsewhere: Mozambique; Zanzibar (Cairns and Keller 1993); Maldives (Alcock 1898; Gardiner and Waugh 1938); Gulf of Aden (Gardiner and Waugh 1938); Sri Lanka (van der Horst 1931); Tanzania (Gardiner and Waugh 1938); Japan (Cairns 1994); Philippines; Indonesia; Malaysia (Alcock 1902 c; Cairns and Zibrowius 1997); Vanuatu; Wallis, and Futuna region (Cairns 1999 a); Australia (Cairns 2004 a); New Caledonia (Kitahara and Cairns 2009, 2021); 210 - 2340 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
8296B6CBF4241146A9A703656B7E1EA6.taxon	description	Fig. 8 G, H	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
8296B6CBF4241146A9A703656B7E1EA6.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SAMC _ A 073119 (1 colony): Eastern margin, 39 km from Cape Vidal / 29 km off Mgobezeleni Estuary, 27 ° 47 ' 23.99 " S, 32 ° 38 ' 53.87 " E; 65 - 70 m. SAM _ H 3064 (1 colony): Southern margin, 18 km from Cape Padrone / 30 km off Boknes Estuary, 33 ° 49 ' 00.00 " S, 26 ° 16 ' 59.99 " E; 65 m. SAM _ H 5104 (1 colony): Eastern margin, 59 km from Cape Vidal / 9 km off Mgobezeleni Estuary, 27 ° 36 ' 38.45 " S, 32 ° 40 ' 02.99 " E; 59 m. USNM 91815 (2 colonies): Eastern margin, 90 km from Shaka's Rock / 9 km off Boesmans Estuary, 29 ° 32 ' 12.11 " S, 31 ° 19 ' 47.99 " E; 50 m. USNM 91816 (3 colonies): Eastern margin, 17 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 10 km off Kosi-Kumpungwini (Sifungwe) Estuary, 27 ° 00 ' 11.87 " S, 32 ° 54 ' 18.00 " E; 68 m. USNM 91817 (1 colony): Eastern margin, 17 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 11 km off Kosi-Kumpungwini (Sifungwe) Estuary, 27 ° 00 ' 24.11 " S, 32 ° 55 ' 12.00 " E; 66 m. USNM 91818 (2 colonies): Eastern margin, 19 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 12 km off Kosi-Kumpungwini (Sifungwe) Estuary, 27 ° 01 ' 05.87 " S, 32 ° 55 ' 05.88 " E; 69 - 73 m. USNM 91819 (1 colony): Eastern margin, 29 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 19 km Kosi Bay Estuary, 27 ° 06 ' 47.87 " S, 32 ° 52 ' 54.12 " E; 74 m. USNM 91820 (1 colony): Eastern margin, 41 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 26 km off Kosi Bay Estuary, 27 ° 13 ' 00.11 " S, 32 ° 49 ' 41.87 " E; 72 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
8296B6CBF4241146A9A703656B7E1EA6.taxon	description	Description. Colony small, attached, and bear few corallites, of which one is axial; remaining budding from lower or upper corallum of axial corallite. Primary corallite elongate cylindrical, and firmly attached to substrate through a robust pedicel (PD: GCD = 0.9). Secondary corallites low (<5 mm in H). Calice slightly elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.1 - 1.4), calicular margin lanceted. Largest corallite examined (axial) 12.0 x 10.7 mm in CD, and 31.2 mm in H. Costae conspicuous, broad, equal in width, flat, slightly porous, and granular. Intercostal furrows shallow and quite porous. Corallum white. Septa hexamerally arranged in four complete cycles according to the formula: S 1 ≥ S 2> S 3> S 4 or S 1 ≥ S 2> S 4> S 3 (48 septa), with S 5 sometimes present. At calicular margin, upper outer margin of S 4 fuses to neighbouring septa (S 1 or S 2) forming small triangular lancets. S 1 independent, slightly exsert, and extend towards columella with straight axial margins. S 2 also independent, slightly less exsert, as wide to only slightly smaller than S 1, and also bearing straight axial margins. Higher cycle septa (S 3 - 4) becoming progressively less exsert, if at all. S 3 dimorphic in size, being 1 / 3 the width of S 2 or sometimes rudimentary, with dentate to laciniate axial margins. S 4 arranged in a Pourtales plan: a pair of S 4 curves towards common S 3 fusing before it deep in fossa, may be a 1 / 3 wider than S 3, axial margins dentate to laciniate. Septal faces finely granular. Fossa deep, containing a massive columella usually swirled in a clockwise direction.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
8296B6CBF4241146A9A703656B7E1EA6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Southern and Eastern margin of South Africa, off Cape Padrone extending towards Kosi-Kumpungwini (Sifungwe) Estuary (17 km south of Ponta Do Ouro: Mozambique); 50 - 73 m. Elsewhere: Japan, China Sea (Cairns 1994); Philippines, Indonesia (Cairns and Zibrowius 1997); Vanuatu (Cairns 1999 a); New Caledonia (Kitahara and Cairns 2021); Australia (Cairns 1998); New Zealand (Cairns 1995); Red Sea (Fricke and Schuhmacher 1983); Maldives; Pemba; Tanzania (Gardiner and Waugh 1939; Cairns and Keller 1993); 2 - 386 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
74968583053D136C2A591430A3726F7E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
E1387F10F6016C1B4535A4C2BFBEEE63.taxon	description	Fig. 8 I, J.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
E1387F10F6016C1B4535A4C2BFBEEE63.taxon	materials_examined	Material examine. DEFF _ BD 13 - INV 03 (6 fragments): Southern margin, 25 km from Cintsa Mouth / off Bulura Estuary, 32 ° 58 ' 59.08 " S, 28 ° 19 ' 10.82 " E; 104 m. DEFF / SAEON _ D 00491 (1 fragment): Southern margin, 138 km from Agulhas / 145 km off De Mond-Heuningnes Estuary, 35 ° 54 ' 16.19 " S, 20 ° 45 ' 46.19 " E; 135 m. DEFF / SAEON _ D 00584 (1 fragment): Southern margin, 56 km from Knysna / 57 km off Goukamma Estuary, 34 ° 34 ' 32.40 " S, 23 ° 06 ' 04.20 " E; 111 m. DEFF / SEAON _ D 00829 (1 fragment): Southern margin, 153 from Agulhas / 157 km off De Mond-Heuningnes Estuary, 35 ° 51 ' 57.60 " S, 21 ° 07 ' 14.87 " E; 122 m. DEFF / SAEON _ D 00832 (1 fragment): Southern margin, 171 km from Stilbaai / 172 km off Goukou Estuary, 35 ° 54 ' 51.47 " S, 21 ° 42 ' 48.59 " E; 165 m. DEFF / SAEON _ D 00851 (1 fragment): Southern margin, 50 km from Agulhas / 55 km off De Mond-Heuningnes Estuary, 35 ° 08 ' 14.27 " S, 20 ° 24 ' 55.08 " E; 113 m. SAMC _ A 073012 (1 fragment): Eastern margin, 10 km from Port Edward / 27 km off Bilanhlolo Estuary, 31 ° 06 ' 46.79 " S, 30 ° 17 ' 48.12 " E; 120 - 125 m. SAMC _ A 073015 (2 fragments): Southern margin, 32 km from Mazeppa Bay / 19 km off Mendu Estuary, 32 ° 25 ' 00.11 " S, 28 ° 58 ' 18.11 " E; 330 - 340 m. SAMC _ A 073028 (4 fragments): Eastern margin, 26 km from Cape Vidal / 25 km off St Lucia Estuary, 27 ° 54 ' 18.00 " S, 32 ° 37 ' 59.87 " E; 105 m. SAMC _ A 073042 (1 fragments): Eastern margin, 53 km from Shaka's Rock / 46 km off Zinkwasi Estuary, 29 ° 32 ' 53.88 " S, 31 ° 47 ' 12.11 " E; 200 m. SAMC _ A 073046 (10 fragments): Eastern margin, 9 km from Port Edward / 9 km off Blinde Estuary, 31 ° 05 ' 23.99 " S, 30 ° 18 ' 00.00 " E; 125 m. SAMC _ A 073057 (1 fragment): Eastern margin, 6 km from Cape Vidal / 17 km off St Lucia Estuary, 28 ° 08 ' 17.88 " S, 32 ° 36 ' 54.00 " E; 200 m. SAMC _ A 073076 (1 fragment): Locality unknown. SAMC _ A 073165 (1 fragment): Eastern margin, 28 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 17 km off Kosi Bay Estuary, 27 ° 06 ' 18.00 " S, 32 ° 52 ' 00.12 " E; 50 m. SAMC _ A 073212 (4 fragment): Eastern margin, 5 km from Cape Vidal / 16 km off St Lucia Estuary, 28 ° 07 ' 05.88 " S, 32 ° 36 ' 35.99 " E; 145 m. SAM _ H 1362 (1 fragment): Southern margin, 28 km from Port Alfred / 3 km off Old Woman's Estuary, 33 ° 30 ' 00.00 " S, 27 ° 08 ' 59.99 " E; 90 m. SAM _ H 1412 (6 fragments): Eastern margin, 2 km from Port Shepstone / Mzimkulu Estuary, 30 ° 44 ' 14.23 " S, 30 ° 27 ' 34.72 " E; depth unknown. SAM _ H 1445 (1 fragment): Southern margin, 4 km from Plettenberg Bay / 7 km off Piesang Estuary, 34 ° 06 ' 00.00 " S, 23 ° 23 ' 59.99 " E; 146 m. SAM _ H 1447 (1 fragment): Eastern margin, 38 km from St. Lucia / 31 km off Nhlabane Estuary, 28 ° 40 ' 59.99 " S, 32 ° 34 ' 00.00 " E; 73 m. SAM _ H 1513 (1 fragment): Southern margin, 68 km from Kidds Beach / off Gouda Estuary, 33 ° 36 ' 00.00 " S, 28 ° 10 ' 59.99 " E; 174 m. SAM _ H 2833 (1 fragment): Southern margin, 25 km from Gonubie / 24 km off Gqunube Estuary, 33 ° 06 ' 17.99 " S, 28 ° 10 ' 59.99 " E; 155 m. SAM _ H 3042 (1 fragment) Southern margin, 28 km from Port Alfred / 3 km off Old Woman's Estuary, 33 ° 30 ' 00.00 " S, 27 ° 08 ' 59.99 " E; 93 m. SAM _ H 3058 (1 fragment): Southern margin, 9 km from Pringle Bay / 7 km off Buffels Oos Estuary, 34 ° 17 ' 30.00 " S, 18 ° 48 ' 00.00 " E; 33 m. SAM _ H 3064 (1 fragment): Southern margin, 18 km from Cape Padrone / 30 km off Boknes Estuary, 33 ° 49 ' 00.00 " S, 26 ° 16 ' 59.99 " E; 65 m. SAM _ H 3413 (1 fragment): Southern margin, 18 km from Gansbaai / 38 km off Ratels Estuary, 34 ° 44 ' 12.00 " S, 19 ° 25 ' 36.00 " E; 70 - 50 m. SAM _ H 3838 (1 fragment): Eastern margin, 7 km from Port Shepstone / off Boboyi Estuary, 30 ° 48 ' 00.00 " S, 30 ° 29 ' 05.99 " E; depth unknown. USNM 91823 (48 fragments): Eastern margin, 26 km from Port St. Johns / off Bulolo Estuary, 29 ° 34 ' 47.99 " S, 31 ° 41 ' 59.99 " E; 138 m. USNM 91825 (7 fragments): Eastern margin, 35 km from Port Dunford / 38 km off Mlalazi Estuary, 29 ° 10 ' 00.00 " S, 32 ° 04 ' 59.99 " E; 168 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
E1387F10F6016C1B4535A4C2BFBEEE63.taxon	description	Description. Colony with axial corallite reaching ≤ 93.5 mm. Primary corallite elongate, cylindrical, and firmly attached to substrate through a robust pedicel (PD: GCD = 1.2 - 1.5). Secondary corallites ceratoid / trochoid to cylindrical. Calice slightly circular to elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.0 - 1.3); calicular margin lanceted. Largest corallite examined (axial) 11.1 x 10.7 mm in CD, 17.0 mm in PD, and 93.5 mm in H. Costae conspicuous throughout corallum, broad, equal in width, flat, slightly porous, and granular. Intercostal furrows shallow and quite porous. Corallum white. Septa hexamerally arranged in four complete cycles according to the formula: S 1 ≥ S 2> S 4> S 3 (48 septa). S 1 independent and reach columella with vertical and straight axial margins. S 2 also independent, and as wide to only slightly smaller than S 1. S 2 axial margins also vertical and straight. S 3 smallest septa, and bear dentate to laciniate axial margins. S 4 arranged in a Pourtales plan: in each system the S 4 neighbouring S 1 fuses before S 2, before meeting columella. S 4 also have dentate to laciniate axial margins. Septal faces finely granular. Fossa deep, containing a massive spongy columella.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
E1387F10F6016C1B4535A4C2BFBEEE63.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Southern and Eastern margin of South Africa, off Gansbaai extending towards Kosi Bay Estuary (276 km south of Ponta Do Ouro: Mozambique); 33 - 340 m. Elsewhere: Mozambique (Cairns and Keller 1993); 49 - 457 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
A524DD032247526FE0FEC7DB8A981883.taxon	description	Fig. 8 K, L	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
A524DD032247526FE0FEC7DB8A981883.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. DEFF / SAEON _ D 00817 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 23 km from Plettenberg Bay / 25 km off Piesang Estuary, 34 ° 16 ' 15.60 " S, 23 ° 24 ' 50.40 " E; 95 m. SAMC _ A 072969 (1 specimen): Locality data unknown; 125 m. SAMC _ A 072982 (2 specimens): Southern margin, 14 km from Pringle Bay / 16 km off Buffels Oos Estuary, 34 ° 23 ' 48.00 " S, 18 ° 41 ' 05.99 " E; 88 m. SAMC _ A 073003 (9 specimens): Locality data unknown. SAMC _ A 073010 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 20 km from Durban / 13 km off Mbokodweni Estuary, 30 ° 01 ' 05.87 " S, 31 ° 03 ' 11.88 " E; 150 m. SAMC _ A 073023 (3 specimens): Locality data unknown. SAMC _ A 073031 (3 specimens): Eastern margin, 12 km from Port St. Johns / 11 km off Bulolo Estuary, 31 ° 44 ' 17.87 " S, 29 ° 32 ' 42.00 " E; 300 m. SAMC _ A 073087 (3 specimens): Eastern margin, 32 km from Port Dunford / 33 km off Mlalazi Estuary, 29 ° 11 ' 24.00 " S, 31 ° 59 ' 23.99 " E; 50 m. SAMC _ A 073148 (3 specimens): Eastern margin, 26 km from Cape Vidal / 25 km off St Lucia Estuary, 27 ° 54 ' 18.00 " S, 32 ° 37 ' 59.87 " E; 105 m. SAMC _ A 073174 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 132 km from Coffee Bay / 13 km off Bitou Rivier Estuary, 31 ° 58 ' 48.00 " S, 29 ° 16 ' 48.00 " E; 90 m. SAMC _ A 073272 (1 specimen): Locality data unknown; 101 m. SAMC _ A 090119 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 28 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 18 km off Kosi Bay Estuary, 27 ° 06 ' 29.99 " S, 32 ° 52 ' 54.00 " E; 70 m. SAM _ H 1361 (2 specimens): Southern margin, off CAPE ST BLAIZE; 212 m. SAM _ H 3062 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 11 km from East London / 5 km off Gouda Estuary, 33 ° 05 ' 03.24 " S, 27 ° 49 ' 33.40 " E; 146 - 238 m. SAM _ H 3063 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 28 km from Gonubie / 27 km off Buffalo Estuary, 33 ° 09 ' 29.99 " S, 28 ° 03 ' 06.00 " E; 86 m. SAM _ H 3147 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 15 km from Port Alfred / 11 km off Riet Estuary, 33 ° 39 ' 18.00 " S, 27 ° 01 ' 36.00 " E; 90 m. SAM _ H 3148 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 32 km from Coffee Bay / 9 m off Ntlonyane Estuary, 32 ° 15 ' 00.00 " S, 29 ° 00 ' 47.99 " E; 90 m. SAM _ H 3412 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 14 km from Gansbaai / 31 km off Bot River Lagoon, 34 ° 36 ' 35.99 " S, 19 ° 12 ' 36.00 " E; 78 m. SAM _ H 3839 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 9 km from East London / 6 km off Buffalo Estuary, 33 ° 04 ' 00.00 " S, 27 ° 56 ' 59.99 " E; depth unknown. SAM _ H 3840 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 15 km from Pringle Bay / 14 km off Buffels Oos Estuary, 34 ° 15 ' 06.00 " S, 18 ° 44 ' 48.00 " E; 53 m. SAM _ H 3841 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 12 km from Pringle Bay / 10 km off Buffels Oos Estuary, 34 ° 17 ' 35.99 " S, 18 ° 45 ' 00.00 " E; depth unknown. SAM _ H 3842 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 19 km from Pringle Bay / 16 km off Buffels Oos Estuary, 34 ° 12 ' 36.00 " S, 18 ° 46 ' 41.99 " E; 40 m. SAM _ H 3843 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 12 km from Pringle Bay / 10 km off Buffels Oos Estuary, 34 ° 17 ' 35.99 " S, 18 ° 45 ' 00.00 " E; depth unknown. SAM _ H 3844 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 12 km from Pringle Bay / 11 km off Buffels Oos Estuary, 34 ° 17 ' 59.99 " S, 18 ° 44 ' 30.00 " E; 40 m. USNM 91827 (6 specimens): Eastern margin, 26 km from Durban / 22 km off Beachwood Mangroves, 29 ° 48 ' 00.00 " S, 31 ° 16 ' 00.00 " E; 232 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
A524DD032247526FE0FEC7DB8A981883.taxon	description	Description. Colony bushy, stemming from an elongate, cylindrical, and firmly attached axial corallite that has a robust pedicel (PD: GCD = 1.1). Secondary corallites ceratoid / trochoid to cylindrical. Calice circular to slightly elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.0 - 1.1); calicular margin lanceted. Largest corallite examined (axial) 9.3 x 8.3 mm in CD, 9.9 mm in PD, and 55.0 mm in H. Costae conspicuous throughout corallum, broad, equal in width, flat, slightly porous, and granular. Intercostal furrows shallow and quite porous. Corallum white. Septa hexamerally arranged in four complete cycles according to the formula: S 1 ≥ S 2> S 4> S 3 (48 septa). S 1 independent, not reaching columella, and bear dentate (occasionally smooth) axial margins. Remaining septa (S 2 - 4) also bear dentate axial margins, of which that of S 4 having conspicuously longer teeth. S 2 also independent, as wide to only slightly smaller than S 1. S 3 least wide septa. S 4 arranged in a Pourtales plan: in each system a pair of S 4 neighbouring S 1 curves towards common S 2, fusing with S 4 closer to S 2 deeper in fossa before reaching columella. Septal faces finely granular. Fossa moderately deep, containing a spongy columella.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
A524DD032247526FE0FEC7DB8A981883.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Western to eastern margins of South Africa, from off Pringle Bay extending towards off Kosi Bay Estuary (28 km south of Ponta Do Ouro: Mozambique); 40 - 300 m. Elsewhere: Mediterranean (Duncan 1873; Ocana et al. 2015); Morocco (Zibrowius 1983); Celtic Sea (Joubin 1922); off France (Lacaze-Duthiers 1879; Moseley 1881); Bay of Biscay (Milne-Edwards and Haime 1848 c); Portugal (Zibrowius 1980); Canary Islands (Gravier 1920); Maldives; Almirantes; and Providence (van der Horst 1926); 89 - 600 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
FE22A5B6E3C2C4E2784BB4520CA4634E.taxon	description	Fig. 8 M, N	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
FE22A5B6E3C2C4E2784BB4520CA4634E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SAMC _ A 073016 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 31 km from Richards Bay / 46 km Mlalazi Estuary, 29 ° 00 ' 54.00 " S, 32 ° 15 ' 35.99 " E; 500 m. SAMC _ A 073068 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 47 km from Cape Vidal / 28 km off Mgobezeleni Estuary, 27 ° 43 ' 11.99 " S, 32 ° 40 ' 36.11 " E; 100 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
FE22A5B6E3C2C4E2784BB4520CA4634E.taxon	description	Description. Colony unattached and arborescent, with sympodial branching formed by extra-tentacular budding. Corallum ceratoid to sub-cylindrical, straight to slightly curved. Largest specimen examined (SAMC _ A 073016) 105.5 mm in H, with ≤ 30 corallites. Calice elliptical (GCD: LCD = 0.9 - 1.2), with serrated calicular margin. Epitheca absent. Costae well developed at upper corallum, rounded, granular, non-perforate, and separated by thin, porous, intercostal striae. Corallum white. Septa hexamerally arranged in four complete cycles according to the formula: S 1 - 2> S 4> S 3 (48 septa). S 1 - 2 both independent, reaching the columella with straight axial margins, which may also be finely serrated. S 1 most exsert, followed by S 2. S 3 ~ 1 / 3 the width of S 2. S 4 slightly wider than flanked S 3, arranged in Pourtales plan: in each half-system a pair of S 4 fuses before S 3 with jaggedly dentate axial margins. Fossa deep, containing a large, and slightly raised spongy columella.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
FE22A5B6E3C2C4E2784BB4520CA4634E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off Richards Bay towards Cape Vidal; 97 - 500 m. Elsewhere: Mozambique (Cairns and Keller 1993); 97 - 132 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
386909BDAD77B91FB450D8C6C1F2A38C.taxon	description	Fig. 8 O, P	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
386909BDAD77B91FB450D8C6C1F2A38C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SAMC _ A 073008 (4 specimens): Eastern margin, 33 km from Port Dunford / 38 km off Mlalazi Estuary, 29 ° 05 ' 30.11 " S, 32 ° 09 ' 06.11 " E; 95 m. SAMC _ A 090121 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, off 33 km from Port Dunford / 37 km off Mlalazi Estuary, 29 ° 08 ' 59.99 " S, 32 ° 05 ' 24.00 " E; 85 m. USNM 91843 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 39 km from Cape Vidal / 29 km off Mgobezeleni Estuary, 27 ° 47 ' 21.59 " S, 32 ° 39 ' 03.60 " E; 62 - 84 m. USNM 91844 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 28 km from Shaka's Rock / 19 km off Mdlotane Estuary, 29 ° 26 ' 59.99 " S, 31 ° 31 ' 11.99 " E; 68 - 70 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
386909BDAD77B91FB450D8C6C1F2A38C.taxon	description	Description. Colony composed of one elongate, straight to slightly curved axial corallite, from which secondary corallites bud. Secondary corallites robust and bud in all directions, reaching ≤ 130 mm in H. Tertiary corallites small (<3 mm in H). Corallites circular to slightly elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.0 - 1.1), with lanceted calicular margins Costae well defined, slightly ridged, and highly granular. Intercostal furrows deep and porous. Corallum white. Septa hexamerally arranged in four cycles, S 5 occasionally present in some half-systems, in a strongly developed Pourtales plan according to the formula: S 1 ≥ S 2> S 4> S 3> S 5 (≤ 60 septa). S 1 independent and with straight axial margins. S 2 as wide to only slightly smaller than S 1, and have slightly sinuous axial margins. Both S 1 and S 2 extend to columella. S 3 narrowest, also with slightly sinuous axial margins. S 4 dimorphic in size, with laciniate axial margins: in half-systems without S 5, S 41 / 5 smaller than S 2; however, in half-systems with S 5, S 4 half the size of S 4. S 4 arranged in Pourtales plan: curving towards common S 3, and fusing before extending to columella as one septum. However, in half-systems with S 5, the S 5 is arranged in Pourtales plan: merging in front of flanked S 4, before meandering towards S 3 and joining S 4 neighbouring S 2. Septal faces finely granular. Fossa shallow to moderately deep, with a non-discrete spongy columella.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
386909BDAD77B91FB450D8C6C1F2A38C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, from off Shaka's Rock extending towards Cape Vidal; 62 - 95 m. Elsewhere: Japan (Yabe and Eguchi 1934; Cairns 1994); Philippines; Indonesia (Cairns and Zibrowius 1997); Australia (Cairns 2004 a); New Zealand; Red Sea (Scheer and Pillai 1983); Zanzibar (Cairns and Keller 1993); 10 - 366 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
B8EE013962831FD7D60E68F3BCCF3D87.taxon	description	Fig. 9 A, B	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
B8EE013962831FD7D60E68F3BCCF3D87.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. DSCS-INV 29 (1 fragment): Southern margin, 140 km from Agulhas / 144 km off Ratels Estuary, 36 ° 02 ' 29.58 " S, 19 ° 41 ' 24.61 " E; 445 - 463 m. DSCS-INV 30 (1 fragment Southern margin, 140 km from Agulhas / 144 km off Ratels Estuary, 36 ° 02 ' 29.58 " S, 19 ° 41 ' 24.61 " E; 445 - 463 m. DSCS-INV 31 (1 fragment): Southern margin, 140 km from Agulhas / 144 km off Ratels Estuary, 36 ° 02 ' 29.58 " S, 19 ° 41 ' 24.61 " E; 445 - 463 m. DSCS-INV 33 (1 fragment): Southern margin, 140 km from Agulhas / 144 km off Ratels Estuary, 36 ° 02 ' 29.58 " S, 19 ° 41 ' 24.61 " E; 445 - 463 m. DSCS-INV 35 (1 fragment): Southern margin, 140 km from Agulhas / 144 km off Ratels Estuary, 36 ° 02 ' 29.58 " S, 19 ° 41 ' 24.61 " E; 445 - 463 m. DSCS-INV 44 (1 fragment): Southern margin, 140 km from Agulhas / 144 km off Ratels Estuary, 36 ° 02 ' 29.58 " S, 19 ° 41 ' 24.61 " E; 445 - 463 m. DSCS _ INV 527 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 65 km from Cape St. Francis / 70 km off Slang Estuary, 34 ° 47 ' 05.01 " S, 24 ° 45 ' 42.30 " E; 392 - 418 m. SAMC _ A 090158 (1 fragment): Southern margin, 116 km from Gouritsmond / off Goukamma Estuary, 35 ° 07 ' 11.34 " S, 23 ° 02 ' 41.91 " E; 333 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
B8EE013962831FD7D60E68F3BCCF3D87.taxon	description	Description. Colonies uniplanar with sympodial budding and dendroid, formed by extra-tentacular budding. Calices occur in lateral plane of branching. Diameter of largest basal branch examined (SAMC _ A 090158) 7.0 mm. Calice circular, with slightly serrate margin, reaching a maximum CD of 5.5 mm. Costae prominent, but occasionally inconspicuous in some calices. Costal granulation consisting of small spines better developed on terminal branches. Intercostal ridges narrow. Corallum white. Septa hexamerally arranged in three complete cycles according to the formula: S 1> S 2> S 3 (≤ 24 septa). S 1 widest and extend to columella with straight and vertical to slightly concave axial margins. S 2 ~ 1 / 2 width of S 1, also with straight axial margins, sometimes bearing a palus. S 1 - 2 sometimes slightly exsert. S 3 smallest septa and have laciniate axial margins. All septa joining columella deep in fossa. Poorly developed Pourtales plan only visible deeper in fossa. Fossa deep, containing a tall and thick lamellar columella.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
B8EE013962831FD7D60E68F3BCCF3D87.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Southern margin of South Africa, off Agulhas extending towards Gouritsmond; 212 - 445 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
9980DD7FD9557AE778A52725F4748DAE.taxon	description	Fig. 3 G-J	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
9980DD7FD9557AE778A52725F4748DAE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SAMC _ A 072968 (2 specimens): no locality data. SAMC _ A 072974 (2 specimens): Western margin, 168 km off Paternoster / 173 km off Brak Estuary, 32 ° 05 ' 41.99 " S, 16 ° 19 ' 47.99 " E; 440 m. SAMC _ A 073013 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 34 km from Coffee Bay / 18 km off Ntlonyane Estuary, 32 ° 17 ' 23.99 " S, 29 ° 05 ' 35.87 " E; 340 - 450 m. SAMC _ A 073015 (2 specimens): Southern margin, 32 km from Mazeppa Bay / 19 km off Mendu Estuary, 32 ° 25 ' 00.11 " S, 28 ° 58 ' 18.11 " E; 330 - 340 m. SAMC _ A 073263 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, Wright Canyon; 171 m. SAMC _ A 088918 (3 specimens): Southern margin, 23 km from Plettenberg Bay / 25 km off Piesang Estuary, 34 ° 16 ' 15.60 " S, 23 ° 24 ' 50.40 " E; 95 m. SAMC _ A 088919 (2 specimens): Southern margin, 172 km from Agulhas / 182 km off De Mond-Heuningnes Estuary, 36 ° 20 ' 22.20 " S, 20 ° 24 ' 06.11 " E; 166 m. SAMC _ A 088929 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 140 km off Agulhas / 144 km Ratels off Bulura Estuary, 36 ° 02 ' 29.58 " S, 19 ° 41 ' 24.61 " E; 445 - 463 m. SAMC _ A 090122 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 15 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 17 km off Kosi-Kumpungwini (Sifungwe) Estuary, 26 ° 55 ' 30.00 " S, 33 ° 01 ' 05.88 " E; 370 m. SAM _ A 090128 (1 specimen): Western margin, 46 km from Paternoster / 71 km off Berg River V Estuary Estuary, 32 ° 56 ' 32.93 " S, 17 ° 25 ' 14.16 " E; 325 m. SAM _ A 090130 (1 specimen): Western margin, 147 km from Groen River / 144 km off Brak Estuary, 31 ° 40 ' 45.59 " S, 16 ° 23 ' 07.80 " E; 360 m. SAM _ A 090131 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 74 km from Agulhas / 79 km off Ratels Estuary, 35 ° 27 ' 43.79 " S, 19 ° 51 ' 20.99 " E; 154 m. SAM _ A 090132 (1 specimen): Western margin, 86 km from Hondeklipbaai / 84 km off Spoeg Estuary, 30 ° 47 ' 55.25 " S, 16 ° 34 ' 37.98 " E; 235 m. SAM _ A 090133 (1 specimen): Western margin, 113 km from Groen River / 114 km off Groen Estuary, 31 ° 13 ' 55.85 " S, 16 ° 34 ' 37.98 " E; 310 m. SAM _ A 090134 (1 specimen): Western margin, 195 km from Port Nolloth / 194 km off Buffels Estuary, 30 ° 04 ' 07.79 " S, 15 ° 05 ' 26.69 " E; 393 m. SAM _ A 090135 (1 specimen): Western margin, 165 km from Port Nolloth / 165 km off Holgat Estuary, 29 ° 45 ' 08.82 " S, 15 ° 16 ' 20.22 " E; 183 m. SAMC _ A 090151 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 116 km from Knysna / off Goukamma Estuary, 35 ° 07 ' 11.27 " S, 23 ° 02 ' 41.91 " E; 333 m. SAM _ H 1475 (1 specimen): Western margin, 3 km from Pringle Bay / 6 km off Buffels Oos Estuary, 34 ° 23 ' 11.29 " S, 18 ° 49 ' 49.39 " E; 80 m. SAM _ H 3049 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 20 km off Cape Vidal / 23 km off St Lucia Estuary, 27 ° 59 ' 30.00 " S, 32 ° 40 ' 47.99 " E; 550 m. SAM _ H 3050 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 16 km from Margate / off Boboyi Estuary, 30 ° 52 ' 59.99 " S, 30 ° 31 ' 00.00 " E; 850 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
9980DD7FD9557AE778A52725F4748DAE.taxon	description	Description. Corallum variable, ranging from serpentine to ceratoid, attached to substrate by a pedicel (PD: GCD = 0.3 - 0.8) that expands into an encrusting base. Calice elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.1 - 2.5), calicular margin serrate. Largest specimen examined (SAMC _ A 088919) 57.4 x 22.8 mm in CD, 30.0 mm in PD, and 119.3 mm in H. Theca granular. Costae more prominent near calicular margin, disappearing towards base. Corallum white to beige. Septa hexamerally arranged in five complete cycles according to formula: S 1 - 2> S 3> S 4> S 5 (96 septa). S 1 - 2 most exsert, extend furthest to fossa (sometimes almost meeting opposite septa), with vertical and straight axial margins. S 3 half as exsert and ⅓ smaller than S 1 - 2, also with vertical and straight axial margin. S 4 least exsert septa and 4 / 5 the size of S 3, with straight to slightly sinuous axial margin. S 5 more exsert than S 4 and fuses to adjacent S 1 - 3 at calicular margin. S 5 ~ 1 / 2 the width of S 4, with straight upper axial margins that become sinuous deeper in fossa. Fossa deep, columellar absent.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
9980DD7FD9557AE778A52725F4748DAE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Western to eastern margin of South Africa, off Lambert's Bay extending towards Kosi-Kumpungwini (Sifungwe) Estuary (15 km south of Ponta Do Ouro: Mozambique); 80 - 850 m. Elsewhere: Cosmopolitan except from continental Antarctica and Boreal Pacific (Cairns 1994 a); 8 - 2460 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
B055A73A42A940435D83E8A025FEFC98.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Solitary, trochoid, fixed. Pali absent. Columella absent or rudimentary. Sparse endothecal dissepiments.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
56874CE6C80C3F8EF11950BB8FE93E91.taxon	description	Fig. 3 K, L	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
56874CE6C80C3F8EF11950BB8FE93E91.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SAMC _ A 072974 (2 fragments): Western margin, 168 km off Paternoster / 173 km off Brak Estuary, 32 ° 05 ' 41.99 " S, 16 ° 19 ' 47.99 " E; 440 m. SAMC _ A 088910 (1 fragment): Southern margin, 92 km from Oubosstrand / 89 km off Tsitsikamma Estuary, 34 ° 53 ' 21.93 " S, 24 ° 06 ' 56.47 " E; 355 m. SAMC _ A 088911 (1 fragment): Southern margin, 92 km from Oubosstrand / 89 km off Tsitsikamma Estuary, 34 ° 53 ' 21.93 " S, 24 ° 06 ' 56.47 " E; 355 m. SAMC _ A 088912 (1 fragment): Southern margin, 92 km from Oubosstrand / 89 km off Tsitsikamma Estuary, 34 ° 53 ' 21.93 " S, 24 ° 06 ' 56.47 " E; 355 m. SAMC _ A 088914 (1 fragment): Southern margin, 92 km from Oubosstrand / 89 km off Tsitsikamma Estuary, 34 ° 53 ' 21.93 " S, 24 ° 06 ' 56.47 " E; 355 m. SAMC _ A 088915 (1 fragment): Western margin, 53 km from Saldanha / 80 km off Berg River V Estuary, 33 ° 06 ' 35.77 " S, 17 ° 23 ' 01.26 " E; 375 m. SAM _ A 090136 (1 specimen): Western margin, 162 km from Hondeklipbaai / 159 km off Spoeg Estuary, 31 ° 10 ' 25.80 " S, 15 ° 54 ' 55.79 " E; 434 m. SAM _ H 1605 (5 fragments): Western margin, 43 km off Melkbosstrand / 7 km off Dwars (North) Estuary, 33 ° 24 ' 39.01 " S, 18 ° 10 ' 11.80 " E; depth unknown. SAM _ H 1608 (6 fragments): Western margin, 13 km from Cape Town / 6 km off Diep Estuary, 33 ° 52 ' 59.66 " S, 18 ° 25 ' 34.08 " E; depth unknown. SAM _ H 3129 (8 fragments): Eastern margin, 30 km off Coffee Bay / 20 km off Bulungulu Estuary, 32 ° 15 ' 00.00 " S, 29 ° 09 ' 06.00 " E; 500 - 520 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
56874CE6C80C3F8EF11950BB8FE93E91.taxon	description	Description. Colony dendroid to bushy (branching pattern variable). Majority of budding intratentacular. Slender terminal branches bearing sympodially arranged corallites. Calicular size variable, reaching ≤ 15.6 x 9.0 mm in CD. Calice circular to elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.0 - 1.3), with slightly serrated calicular margin. Peritheca finely granular, resulting in a smooth texture. Costae short and ridged, generally corresponding to primary septa. Corallum white. Septa not arranged in regular systems nor cycles. Seven to nine slightly exsert primary septa extend deep into fossa. Secondary septa slightly less exsert and less wide than primaries, sometimes also extending deep into fossa. Tertiaries smaller than secondary septa, being rudimentary deep in fossa. Tertiaries sometimes missing in some systems. All septa with vertical and straight axial margins. Fossa deep and curved. Columella absent.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
56874CE6C80C3F8EF11950BB8FE93E91.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Western to eastern margin of South Africa, extending from off Clanwilliam extending towards Coffee Bay; 350 - 520 m. Elsewhere: Cosmopolitan in temperate and tropical waters (Zibrowius and Gill 1990; Cairns 2000), being common in the Atlantic and rarely collected off the Indo-Pacific (Cairns 1999 b); 60 - 2170 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
0C0B26B5A29A80A7728539C16A989B96.taxon	description	Fig. 9 C-G	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
0C0B26B5A29A80A7728539C16A989B96.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype - SAMC _ A 090159 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 116 km from Gouritsmond / off Goukamma Estuary, 35 ° 07 ' 11.34 " S, 23 ° 02 ' 41.91 " E; 333 m. Paratypes - DSCS-INV 226 (1 specimen), DSCS-INV 227 (1 specimen), DSCS-INV 229 (1 specimen), DSCS-INV 231 (1 specimen), DSCS-INV 232 (1 specimen), DSCS-INV 235 (1 specimen), DSCS-INV 238 (1 specimen), SAMC _ A 090149 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 116 km from Gouritsmond / off Goukamma Estuary, 35 ° 07 ' 11.34 " S, 23 ° 02 ' 41.91 " E; 333 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
0C0B26B5A29A80A7728539C16A989B96.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name Ednapsammia columnapriva (derived from Latin columna meaning pillar and privus meaning deprived of) alludes to the lack of columella.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
0C0B26B5A29A80A7728539C16A989B96.taxon	description	Description. Corallum dendroid formed by extra-tentacular budding from base and from theca of parent corallite. Holotype consists of 19 corallites, and 54.7 mm in H. Calice circular to elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.0 - 1.1), calicular margin finely laciniate. Thin epitheca, predominantly porous near calicular margin. Costae thick, equal in width, granular, extending to base, and separated by deep intercostal striae. Corallum white. Septa hexamerally arranged in three cycles, last cycle being incomplete, according to the formula: S 1> S 2> S 3 (≤ 21 septa). S 1 extend to fossa, sometimes almost meeting opposite septa. S 2 ~ 1 / 3 smaller than S 1. Third septal cycle incomplete, usually with only one S 3 per half-system. S 31 / 3 the width of S 2. Primary and secondary septa cycles (S 1 - 2) with straight and vertical axial margins, whilst S 3 bears slightly laciniate axial margins. Fossa deep, columella absent.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
0C0B26B5A29A80A7728539C16A989B96.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Southern margin of South Africa, extending from off Mosselbaai towards Gouritsmond; 216 - 333 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
273B25090F37E1A4F50AF01C09D37CF6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Colony dendroid with sympodial branching, all achieved by extra-tentacular budding (frequently from theca of a parent corallite at an acute angle). Thin epitheca present. Septa normally arranged and granular. Columella absent. Endothecal dissepiments present.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
273B25090F37E1A4F50AF01C09D37CF6.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The genus name Ednapsammia is to honour the late Dr Edna Molewa, who was instrumental for the declaration of the offshore Phakisa Marine Protected Areas in South Africa. Gender: feminine.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
46CC6CE31A669B8437CB74A4585EC950.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Colonial. Arborescent colonies formed by extra-tentacular budding. Corallites often, but not always, unifacially arranged. Coenosteum dense, synapticulotheca porous only near calices and on distal branches. Septa arranged normally. Columella small.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
5DA8B9531B02F44B454CCC8864D7B2F2.taxon	description	Fig. 9 H	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
5DA8B9531B02F44B454CCC8864D7B2F2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. DSCS _ INV 34 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 140 km from Agulhas / 144 km off Ratels Estuary, 36 ° 02 ' 29.58 " S, 19 ° 41 ' 24.61 " E; 445 - 463 m. DSCS _ INV 40 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 140 km from Agulhas / 144 km off Ratels Estuary, 36 ° 02 ' 29.58 " S, 19 ° 41 ' 24.61 " E; 445 - 463 m. DSCS _ INV 42 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 140 km from Agulhas / 144 km off Ratels Estuary, 36 ° 02 ' 29.58 " S, 19 ° 41 ' 24.61 " E; 445 - 463 m. DSCS _ INV 223 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 116 km from Gouritsmond / off Goukamma Estuary, 35 ° 07 ' 11.34 " S, 23 ° 02 ' 41.91 " E; 333 m. DSCS _ INV 225 (2 specimens): Southern margin, 116 km from Gouritsmond / off Goukamma Estuary, 35 ° 07 ' 11.34 " S, 23 ° 02 ' 41.91 " E; 333 m. DSCS-INV 238 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 116 km from Gouritsmond / off Goukamma Estuary, 35 ° 07 ' 11.34 " S, 23 ° 02 ' 41.91 " E; 333 m. SAMC _ A 090153 (1 specimen): 116 km from Knysna / off Goukamma Estuary, 35 ° 07 ' 11.34 " S, 23 ° 02 ' 41.91 " E; 333 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
5DA8B9531B02F44B454CCC8864D7B2F2.taxon	description	Description. Irregularly shaped colonies formed by extra-tentacular budding, and firmly attached to substrate by an encrusting base. Buds projecting ≤ 3 mm above branch coenosteum. Corallites circular to slightly elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.0 - 1.1), calicular margin serrated. Costae well developed on entire branch, slightly convex, and covered with small granules. Intercostal striae deep, thin, and porous. Corallum white. Septa hexamerally arranged in three complete cycles according to the formula: S 1 - 2> S 3 (24 septa in two size classes). S 1 independent, narrow, extending closer to columella deep in fossa with smooth axial margins. S 2 equal in width to S 1, and bearing smooth upper axial margins that become finely serrated deep in fossa. S 3 slightly less wide than S 1 - 2, sometimes appearing rudimentary, and have dentate axial margins. S 3 fuses to adjacent S 2 near columella. Fossa deep, containing a spongy columella.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
5DA8B9531B02F44B454CCC8864D7B2F2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Southern margin of South Africa, extending from Agulhas towards Knysna; 333 - 463 m. Elsewhere: Philippines; Indonesia; South China Sea (Alcock 1902 a; Cairns and Zibrowius 1997); New Zealand (Cairns 1995); Meteor Seamounts; Azores; Nicobar Islands (Zibrowius 1980; Cairns 1982); Bay of Bengal (von Marenzeller 1904 a); Australia (Cairns 2004 a); 371 - 805 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
84AFF290FF8667E51961D9E71721122D.taxon	description	Fig. 9 I, J	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
84AFF290FF8667E51961D9E71721122D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SAMC _ A 073270 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 39 km from Port St. Johns / 13 km off Mkweni Estuary, 31 ° 30 ' 06.11 " S, 29 ° 55 ' 12.00 " E; 200 m. DSCS _ INV 158 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 200 km from Gouritsmond / 204 km off Goukou Estuary, 36 ° 09 ' 28.13 " S, 21 ° 59 ' 53.81 " E; 226 - 236 m. DSCS _ INV 160 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 200 km from Gouritsmond / 204 km off Goukou Estuary, 36 ° 09 ' 28.13 " S, 21 ° 59 ' 53.81 " E; 226 - 236 m. DSCS _ INV 238 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 114 km from Knysna / off Bulolo Estuary, 35 ° 06 ' 11.27 " S, 23 ° 02 ' 41.91 " E; 333 m. DSCS _ INV 238 (1 specimen): 116 km from Knysna / off Goukamma Estuary, 35 ° 07 ' 11.34 " S, 23 ° 02 ' 41.91 " E; 333 m. DSCS _ INV 224 (1 specimen): 116 km from Knysna / off Goukamma Estuary, 35 ° 07 ' 11.34 " S, 23 ° 02 ' 41.91 " E; 333 m. DEFF _ SVMEC _ INV 261 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 88 km from Oesterbaai / 85 km off Tsitsikamma Estuary, 34 ° 52 ' 21.97 " S, 24 ° 12 ' 51.01 " E; 341 - 367 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
84AFF290FF8667E51961D9E71721122D.taxon	description	Description. Uniplanar colonies formed by extra-tentacular budding, and firmly attached to substrate by an encrusting base. Corallites confined to one face of corallum, arranged uniserially, and projecting ≤ 4.1 mm above branch. Corallites circular to slightly elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.0 - 1.1); calicular margin serrate. Costae prominent at calicular margin, often forming a hood that partially covers the calice; becoming poorly-defined in direction to base, slightly convex, and covered with small granules. Intercostal striae deep, thin, and porous. Corallum white. Septa hexamerally arranged in three complete cycles according to the formula: S 1> S 3> S 3 (24 septa). S 1 most exsert, narrow, and extending closer to columella deep in fossa with concave and slight serrate axial margins. S 2 3 / 4 the width of S 1, and bear serrated axial margins. S 3 slightly less wide than S 1 - 2, sometimes appearing rudimentary, and have dentate axial margins. S 3 sometimes fusing to adjacent S 2 near columella. Fossa deep, containing a rudimentary or trabecular columella.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
84AFF290FF8667E51961D9E71721122D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Southern to eastern margin of South Africa, extending from Knysna towards Port St. Johns; 200 - 367 m. Elsewhere: Cosmopolitan, except for eastern Pacific and continental Antarctica; 110 - 2165 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
10AF50E37E445B3D8F79204408E93618.taxon	description	Fig. 9 K, L	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
10AF50E37E445B3D8F79204408E93618.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. ORI _ EId 1 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, other locality data unknown. SAMC _ A 073064 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 4 km from Cape Vidal / off Groot Brak Estuary, 28 ° 07 ' 30.00 " S, 32 ° 36 ' 24.11 " E; 75 - 80 m. SAMC _ A 073069 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 48 km from Cape Vidal / 21 km off Mgobezeleni Estuary, 27 ° 42 ' 53.99 " S, 32 ° 40 ' 54.11 " E; 160 m. SAMC _ A 073213 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 29 km from Durban / 14 km off Mbokodweni Estuary, 30 ° 06 ' 24.12 " S, 31 ° 00 ' 47.88 " E; 160 - 170 m. SAMC _ A 073266 (5 specimens): Southern margin, 2 km from Stilbaai / 1 km off Goukou Estuary, 34 ° 22 ' 55.26 " S, 21 ° 25 ' 25.49 " E; 88 m. SAMC _ A 090114 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 16 km from Port St. Johns / 13 km off Bulolo Estuary, 31 ° 45 ' 00.00 " S, 29 ° 26 ' 59.99 " E; 70 m. SAMC _ A 090115 (9 specimens): Eastern margin, 29 km from Durban / 22 km off Mdloti Estuary, 29 ° 46 ' 00.00 " S, 31 ° 16 ' 59.99 " E; 110 - 130 m. SAM _ H 1420 (5 specimens): Eastern margin, 39 km from Mtunzini / 8 km off Zinkwasi Estuary, 29 ° 13 ' 00.00 " S, 31 ° 30 ' 00.00 " E; 66 - 77 m. SAM _ H 1427 (5 specimens): Eastern margin, 2 km from Durban / 8 km off Umgeni Estuary, 29 ° 52 ' 00.00 " S, 31 ° 00 ' 00.00 " E; 99 m. SAM _ H 1476 (3 specimens): Eastern margin 2 km from Durban / 8 km off Umgeni Estuary, 29 ° 52 ' 00.00 " S, 31 ° 00 ' 00.00 " E; 99 m. SAM _ H 3120 (28 specimens): Eastern margin, 39 km from Mtunzini / 8 km off Zinkwasi Estuary, 29 ° 13 ' 00.00 " S, 31 ° 30 ' 00.00 " E; 73 m. SAM _ H 3121 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 39 km from Mtunzini / 8 km off Zinkwasi Estuary, 29 ° 13 ' 00.00 " S, 31 ° 30 ' 00.00 " E; 73 m. SAM _ H 3122 (3 specimens): Eastern margin, 6 km from Durban / 9 km off Umgeni Estuary, 29 ° 52 ' 59.99 " S, 31 ° 03 ' 05.00 " E; 86 m. SAM _ H 3123 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 9 km from Shaka's Rock / 2 km off Tongati Estuary, 29 ° 34 ' 00.00 " S, 31 ° 10 ' 59.99 " E; 66 m. SAM _ H 4593 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 26 km from Port St. Johns / off Bulolo Estuary, 29 ° 34 ' 47.99 " S, 31 ° 41 ' 59.99 " E; 138 m. DEFF _ NANSEN-INV 32 (8 specimens): Eastern margin, 30 km from Shaka's Rock / 31 km off Tongati Estuary, 29 ° 43 ' 11.99 " S, 31 ° 25 ' 47.99 " E; 185 m. USNM 91812 (3 specimens): Eastern margin, 29 km from Shaka's Rock / 24 km off Mdloti Estuary, 29 ° 45 ' 54.00 " S, 31 ° 18 ' 11.88 " E; 105 m. USNM 91813 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 44 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 28 km off Kosi Bay Estuary, 27 ° 14 ' 35.88 " S, 32 ° 48 ' 47.87 " E; 74 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
10AF50E37E445B3D8F79204408E93618.taxon	description	Description. Corallum (anthocyathus) variable in shape, including cuneiform, compressed-cylindrical, and flabellate. Corallum free, compressed and usually with a rounded base on GCD plane. Largest specimen examined (DEFF _ NANSEN-INV 32) 37.2 x 19.7 mm in CD (excluding crests), and 25.8 mm in H. Thecal edges project outward to form slightly porous, and straight to slightly sinuous thecal crests. Upper thecal crest meets in acute angle, and often support one bud obliquely oriented (sometimes supporting ≤ four buds). Crest wider at lower half of corallum. Costae equal in width and flat to slightly convex, becoming progressively less developed towards base. Intercostal striae thin, narrow, and porous. Corallum white. Septa hexamerally arranged in five complete cycles according to the formula: S 1 - 2> S 3> S 5> S 4 (96 septa). S 1 - 2 thick, most exsert, porous at upper distal margin, and extend towards columella with straight, vertical, and finely dentate axial margins. S 3 less exsert and extend 3 / 4 the distance of S 1 - 2 with dentate axial margins. S 4 variable in development: if not flanked by a pair of S 5, both S 4 in a half-system bend towards each other meeting before S 3 in a characteristic Pourtales plan, but, if flanked, S 4 have highly laciniate axial margins. S 5 dimorphic in development: those adjacent to S 1 more exsert and wider than those adjacent to S 2. Each Pourtales plan terminates in a palus-like structure. All septal faces granular. Fossa deep, containing septum in the elongate and spongy columella.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
10AF50E37E445B3D8F79204408E93618.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, extending from off Port St. Johns towards Kosi Bay Estuary (44 km south of Ponta Do Ouro: Mozambique); 66 - 170 m. Elsewhere: Mozambique; Tanzania (Cairns 1989 b); Zanzibar; Mauritius (van der Horst 1926); Saya de Malha; Arabian Sea (Gardiner and Waugh 1939) Cairns and Keller 1993); Philippines and Indonesia (Cairns and Zibrowius 1997; Kitahara and Cairns 2021), Malaysia; Australia (Cairns 2004); New Caledonia (Zibrowius and Grygier 1985); Wallis and Futuna; Vanuatu (Cairns 1999 a); Hawaii; United States; Japan (Cairns 1984; Zibrowius and Grygier 1985; Cairns 1994); 37 - 550 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
F206BDF2503AAF5B1ADD4BEB8DD7304A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Corallum solitary and free, resulting from transverse division or budding from corallum margin. Corallum straight. Shape of corallum variable, including cuneiform, compressed-cylindrical, and flabellate. Some species with six or twelve robust ridges or flanges aligned to C 1 and C 2. Epitheca absent. Base of corallum covered with spines. Towards calices, spines usually aligned into narrow costae. Pourtales plan present. ≤ five cycles of septa. P 3 or P 4 usually present. Columella elongate, discrete, and spongy.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
ED03AF52DA6BAFF91E791B6688AC2545.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Corallum solitary, conical to subcylindrical, and firmly attached. Epitheca thin, covering most of the synapticulotheca. Underlying epitheca weakly costate, covered with low granules. Septa arranged in normal insertion pattern in ≤ four cycles. Axial margins of all septa coarsely dentate to laciniate. Columella spongy, non-discrete. Tabular endothecal dissepiments present in elongate coralla.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
5FB471FC6579950E549634DE7707C0A6.taxon	description	Fig. 9 M, N	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
5FB471FC6579950E549634DE7707C0A6.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. ORI _ DIIIb 1 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 33 km from Durban / 31 km off Beachwood Mangroves, 29 ° 55 ' 00.00 " S, 31 ° 19 ' 59.99 " E; 442 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
5FB471FC6579950E549634DE7707C0A6.taxon	description	Description. Corallum conical to sub-cylindrical, relatively small, attached to substrate by a thin encrusting base. Calice circular and calicular margin lanceted. Largest specimen examined (ORI _ DIIIb) 7.80 x 7.70 mm in CD, 8.20 mm in H. Epitheca thin and extending 3 / 4 of lower corallum. Theca near calicular margin porous and non-costate. Corallum white. Septa hexamerally arranged in four cycles, last cycle being incomplete, according to the formula: S 1 ≥ S 2> S 3> S 4 (≤ 30 septa). S 1 slightly exsert and reaches columella. Higher cycle septa (S 2 - 4) progressively less exsert (if at all). S 2 equal or 3 / 4 the width of S 1. S 3 being 1 / 4 the width of S 2, sometimes rudimentary in some half-systems without S 4. S 4, if present, rudimentary. All septa bear dentate to slightly laciniate axial margins. Septa faces bearing spines. Fossa shallow, containing a spongy or rudimentary columella.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
5FB471FC6579950E549634DE7707C0A6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, from north of Port Edward extending towards Durban; 442 m. Elsewhere: Philippines (Milne-Edwards and Haime 1848 b); Indonesia (Cairns and Zibrowius 1997); Indian Ocean islands (Maldives, Zanzibar, Seychelles, Chagos) (van der Horst 1926; Pillai and Scheer 1976); tropical Pacific Ocean; Loyalty Islands; Queensland; Papua New Guinea (Wells 1964; Cairns and Zibrowius 1997; Cairns 2004 a); 0 - 73 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
7B065B78C8CB2A70A08EFF431F87AFE6.taxon	description	Fig. 11 C, D	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
7B065B78C8CB2A70A08EFF431F87AFE6.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. ORI _ DIIa 1 (1 specimen: paratype): Southern margin, 44 km from Port St. Johns / 4 km from Mkweni Estuary, 31 ° 22 ' 59.99 " S, 29 ° 53 ' 59.99 " E; 409 - 440 m. DSCS INV- 358 (2 specimens): Southern margin, 92 km from Oubosstrand / 89 km off Tsitsikamma Estuary, 34 ° 53 ' 21.93 " S, 24 ° 06 ' 56.47 " E; 355 m. DSCS-INV 569 (2 specimens): Southern margin, 65 km from Cape St. Francis / 70 km from Slang Estuary, 34 ° 47 ' 05.01 " S, 24 ° 45 ' 42.30 " E; 392 m. SAMC _ A 073153 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 19 km from Coffee Bay / 18 km off Mdumbi Estuary, 32 ° 02 ' 53.87 " S, 29 ° 19 ' 41.87 " E; 250 - 280 m. SAMC _ A 073179 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 34 km from Mazeppa Bay / 17 km off Mendu Estuary, 32 ° 23 ' 35.88 " S, 28 ° 59 ' 12.11 " E; 295 - 350 m. SAMC _ A 073190 (4 specimens): Southern margin, 34 km from Mazeppa Bay / 17 km off Mendu Estuary, 32 ° 23 ' 35.88 " S, 28 ° 59 ' 12.11 " E; 295 - 350 m. SAMC _ A 090154 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 58 km from Port Alfred / 35 km off Mgwalana Estuary, 33 ° 39 ' 10.19 " S, 27 ° 29 ' 57.58 " E; 304 m. SAM _ H 1239 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 26 km from Cape Point / 20 km off Sand Estuary, 34 ° 10 ' 22.29 " S, 18 ° 39 ' 51.94 " E; 567 m. SAM _ H 2841 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 20 km from Cape Vidal / 23 km off St Lucia Estuary, 27 ° 59 ' 29.99 " S, 32 ° 40 ' 47.99 " E; 550 m. SAM _ H 3150 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 48 km from Port Alfred / 19 km off Mgwalana Estuary, 33 ° 32 ' 59.99 " S, 27 ° 22 ' 59.99 " E; 80 m. SAM _ H 3180 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 28 km from Coffee Bay / 19 km off Bulungulu Estuary, 32 ° 14 ' 53.99 " S, 29 ° 10 ' 23.99 " E; 620 - 560 m. SAM _ H 3181 (I specimen): Eastern margin, 30 km from Scottburgh / 20 km off Fafa Estuary, 30 ° 33 ' 23.99 " S, 30 ° 48 ' 35.99 " E; 690 m. SAM _ H 3182 (24 specimens): Southern margin, 40 km from Cintsa / 29 km from Cwili Estuary, 32 ° 54 ' 59.99 " S, 28 ° 30 ' 59.99 " E; 630 m. SAM _ H 3183 (7 specimens): Southern margin, 32 km off Mazeppa Bay / 24 km off Kobole Estuary, 32 ° 28 ' 36.00 " S, 28 ° 58 ' 48.00 " E; 710 - 775 m. SAM _ H 3184 (4 specimens): Southern margin, 22 km from Gonubie / 21 km off Gqunube Estuary, 33 ° 06 ' 00.00 " S, 28 ° 08 ' 17.99 " E; 700 - 650 m. USNM 62498 (2 specimen: holotype): Southern margin, 44 km from Port St. Johns / 4 km from Mkweni Estuary, 31 ° 22 ' 59.99 " S, 29 ° 53 ' 59.99 " E; 410 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
7B065B78C8CB2A70A08EFF431F87AFE6.taxon	description	Description. Corallum elongated, sub-cylindrical, mostly attached through a slender pedicel, which expands into an encrusting base. Thecal edge diverging at an angle of 7 - 9 °. Coralla rarely straight, most examined specimens bent near base. Calice calicular with thin and fragile calicular margin. Largest specimen examined (SAM _ H 2841) 6.3 x 6.2 mm in CD, and 38.0 mm in H. Theca fragile; epitheca bear longitudinal ridges corresponding to septa. Spaces between epithecal ridges usually have transverse and fine striations. Corallum light brown and sometimes white. Septa hexamerally arranged in two cycles according to the formula: S 1> S 2 (12 septa). S 1 extend towards centre of fossa with straight to slightly sinuous axial margin. S 2 half the width of S 1, also with slightly sinuous axial margin. Lower septal faces bear a row of spines. Fossa deep and narrow.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
7B065B78C8CB2A70A08EFF431F87AFE6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Southern to eastern margin of South Africa, off Cape Point extending to Cape Vidal, 80 - 775 m. Elsewhere: Only known from South Africa (Cairns and Zibrowius 2016).	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
F6E2ACC544B8E087022AAE35D8E6DE4E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Flabellum having a smooth calicular margin.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
42064027CD8F9D7E520FBD0535F10847.taxon	description	Fig. 11 E-H	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
42064027CD8F9D7E520FBD0535F10847.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. ORI _ DIIb 1 (3 specimens): Locality data unknown; 27 m. ORI _ DIIb 4 (2 specimens): Locality data unknown. DEFF _ NANSEN-INV 17 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 15 km from Scottburgh / 16 km off Mahlongwana Estuary, 30 ° 18 ' 00.00 " S, 30 ° 54 ' 36.00 " E; 226 m. DEFF _ NANSEN-INV 51 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 39 km from Shaka's Rock / 37 km from Mdlotane Estuary, 29 ° 34 ' 47.99 " S, 31 ° 37 ' 47.99 " E; 130 - 144 m. SAMC _ A 073053 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 5 km from Cape Vidal / 16 km off St Lucia Estuary, 28 ° 08 ' 24.00 " S, 32 ° 36 ' 24.11 " E; 165 m. SAMC _ A 073063 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 18 km from Cape Vidal / 19 km off Mfolozi Estuary, 28 ° 17 ' 30.11 " S, 32 ° 34 ' 12.00 " E; 100 m. SAMC _ A 073135 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 19 km from Coffee Bay / 18 km off Mdumbi Estuary, 32 ° 02 ' 53.87 " S, 29 ° 19 ' 41.87 " E; 250 - 280 m. SAMC _ A 073171 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 48 km from Cape Vidal / 21 km from Mgobezeleni Estuary, 27 ° 42 ' 53.99 " S, 32 ° 40 ' 54.11 " E; 160 m. SAMC _ A 073213 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 29 km from Durban / 14 km off Mbokodweni Estuary, 30 ° 06 ' 24.12 " S, 31 ° 00 ' 47.88 " E; 160 - 170 m. SAMC _ A 073225 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 34 km from Shaka's Rock / off Tongati Estuary, 29 ° 45 ' 59.99 " S, 31 ° 25 ' 59.99 " E; 110 - 130 m. SAMC _ A 090097 (5 specimens): Eastern margin, 34 km from Shaka's Rock / off Tongati Estuary, 29 ° 45 ' 59.99 " S, 31 ° 25 ' 59.99 " E; 110 - 130 m. SAMC _ A 090098 (4 specimens): Eastern margin, 46 km from Shaka's Rock / 42 km off Mdlotane Estuary, 29 ° 34 ' 59.99 " S, 31 ° 41 ' 59.99 " E; 138 m. SAM _ H 1432 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 2 km from Durban / 8 km off Umgeni Estuary, 29 ° 51 ' 59.99 " S, 31 ° 00 ' 00.00 " E; 101 m. SAM _ H 1477 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 19 km from Shaka's Rock / 3 km off Mdloti Estuary, 29 ° 38 ' 59.99 " S, 31 ° 07 ' 59.99 " E; 49 m. SAM _ H 3845 (8 specimens): Eastern margin, 34 km from Shaka's Rock / off Tongati Estuary, 29 ° 45 ' 59.99 " S, 31 ° 25 ' 59.99 " E; 110 - 130 m. SAM _ H 4582 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 31 km from Shaka's Rock / 33 km from Mhlali Estuary, 29 ° 39 ' 48.00 " S, 31 ° 30 ' 05.99 " E; 150 m. USNM 82134 (4 specimens): Eastern margin, 27 km from Durban / 22 km from Beachwood Mangroves, 29 ° 48 ' 00.00 " S, 31 ° 16 ' 11.99 " E; 232 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
42064027CD8F9D7E520FBD0535F10847.taxon	description	Description. Corallum flabellate, unattached, but bearing a narrow pedicel circular in profile. Calice compressed (GCD: LCD = 1.26 - 2.50), with smooth calicular margin. Largest specimen examined (DEFF _ NANSEN-INV 17) 48.3 x 19.3 mm in CD, 34.4 mm in H, and 1.3 mm in PD. Thecal faces planar but diverging in an angle between 50 - 70 °. Thecal edges bear low and convex crest. Angle of thecal edge (excluding crest) between 93 - 138 °. Corallum white or sometimes reddish brown. Septa arranged in six cycles, last being incomplete, according to the formula: S 1 - 3> S 4> S 5> S 6 (≤ 141 septa). S 1 - 3 equidistant, having moderately sinuous axial margin that join columella. Upper S 1 - 3 distal margins notched. S 4 ~ 1 / 4 the size of S 1 - 3, and have sinuous axial margin that sometimes joins columella. S 5 1 / 2 the width of S 4 with sinuous to dentate axial margin. S 6, if present, restricted to calicular margin. Septal faces bear spines perpendicular to septal margin. Fossa deep and narrow, containing a rudimentary columella.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
42064027CD8F9D7E520FBD0535F10847.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off Coffee Bay extending towards Cape Vidal; 49 - 280 m. Elsewhere: Tanzania (Gardiner and Waugh 1938); Kenya (Cairns 1989 b); Madagascar (Gardiner and Waugh 1938, Zibrowius et al. 1975); Maldives (Gardiner and Waugh 1938); Australia (Cairns 2004 a); Vanuatu; Wallis and Futuna Islands (Cairns 1999 a); New Caledonia (Kitahara and Cairns 2021); Philippines; Indonesia (Cairns and Zibrowius 1997); Hawaiian Islands; South China Sea; Japan (Cairns 1989 a, 1999); 73 - 665 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
DE5BFB293D0BCF8F3F7BBAC1D0F3B0DC.taxon	description	Fig. 11 I, J	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
DE5BFB293D0BCF8F3F7BBAC1D0F3B0DC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. DEFF _ NANSEN- INV 34 (5 specimens): Eastern margin, 32 km from Shaka's Rock / 16 km off Nhlabane Estuary, 29 ° 43 ' 11.99 " S, 31 ° 25 ' 47.99 " E; 184 m. DEFF _ NANSEN-INV 96 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 32 km from Richards Bay / 91 km off Bulungulu Estuary, 28 ° 40 ' 47.99 " S, 32 ° 23 ' 59.99 " E; 20 m. SAMC _ A 090160 (5 specimens): Eastern margin, 10 km from Shaka's Rock / Mhlali Estuary, 29 ° 30 ' 00.00 " S, 31 ° 20 ' 23.99 " E; 53 - 54 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
DE5BFB293D0BCF8F3F7BBAC1D0F3B0DC.taxon	description	Description. Corallum flabellate, unattached, and bearing a narrow circular pedicel. Calice compressed (GCD: LCD = 2.1 - 2.4), with a smooth calicular margin. Largest specimen examined (SAMC _ A 090160) 38.9 x 16.4 mm in CD, 30.8 mm in H, and 1.3 mm in PD. Thecal faces planar and diverging in an angle between 50 - 70 °. Angle of thecal edge (excluding crest) between 124 - 150 °, thecal crest rounded. Corallum white with reddish brown stripes corresponding to septa, usually porcelaneous. Septa arranged in six complete cycles according to the formula: S 1 - 3> S 4> S 5> S 6, sometimes pairs of S 7 present (≤ 194 septa). S 1 - 3 equidistant, and joining columella with moderately sinuous axial margins. S 1 - 3 upper distal edge notched. S 4 ~ 1 / 4 the size of S 1 - 3, sometimes joining columella with sinuous axial margin. S 5 1 / 2 the size of S 4. S 6 rudimentary. S 7, if present, also rudimentary. Septa faces with spines arranged perpendicular to septal margin. Fossa deep, narrow, with a rudimentary columella.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
DE5BFB293D0BCF8F3F7BBAC1D0F3B0DC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off Shaka's Rock extending towards Richards Bay; 20 - 185 m. Elsewhere: Philippines; Indonesia (Cairns and Zibrowius 1997); South China Sea; Japan (Cairns 1989 a); New Caledonia (Kitahara and Cairns 2021); Australia (Cairns 2004 a); 40 - 717 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
342EC8BA1A353BB186B6A536E01ADABB.taxon	description	Fig. 11 K, L.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
342EC8BA1A353BB186B6A536E01ADABB.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SAMC _ A 090102 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 125 km from Agulhas / 134 km off Ratels Estuary, 35 ° 56 ' 37.38 " S, 20 ° 02 ' 27.30 " E; 168 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
342EC8BA1A353BB186B6A536E01ADABB.taxon	description	Description. Corallum unattached with a narrow and circular pedicel. Calice compressed (GCD: LCD = 1.4), with a highly jagged calicular margin. Largest specimen examined 28.3 x 19.8 mm in CD, 22.1 mm in H, and 2.2 mm in PD. Thecal faces planar and diverging at an angle of 110 °. Thecal edges crested and diverging in an angle of 150 ° (excluding crests). Thecal crest sinuous. C 1 - 3 well developed and extending from calicular margin towards base. Thin and faint growth ridges, corresponding to higher cycle septa (S 4 - 5) present. Corallum predominantly white, but pedicel and intercostal striae reddish brown. Septa arranged in five cycles, last being incomplete, according to the formula: S 1 - 3> S 4> S 5 (≤ 80 septa). S 1 - 3 equidistant and join columella with moderately sinuous axial margins. S 4 ~ 1 / 2 the size of S 1 - 3, and bear sinuous axial margin. S 5 rudimentary. Septal faces bear small spines sparsely arranged along the septal margins. Fossa moderately deep, narrow, and containing a rudimentary columella composed by fusion of lower axial margin of larger septa.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
342EC8BA1A353BB186B6A536E01ADABB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Western to southern margin of South Africa, off Alexander Bay extending towards Algulhas; 168 - 1089 m. Elsewhere: Walvis Ridge (Zibrowius and Gili 1990); Hebrides; Azores; Gulf of Guinea, Georgia towards Davis Strait (Cairns 1981); Bahamas (Zibrowius 1980); 357 - 2000 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
82AD8FD0FBA3BF47C8BFA66760E4366E.taxon	description	Fig. 11 M, N	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
82AD8FD0FBA3BF47C8BFA66760E4366E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SAM _ H 1695 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 49 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 37 km off Kosi Bay Estuary, 27 ° 17 ' 30.00 " S, 32 ° 54 ' 59.99 " E; 720 - 780 m. SAM _ H 1696 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 44 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 32 km off Kosi Bay Estuary, 27 ° 14 ' 47.99 " S, 32 ° 54 ' 35.99 " E; 700 m. SAM _ H 2814 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 36 km from St. Lucia / 34 km off Mfolozi Estuary, 28 ° 37 ' 47.99 " S, 32 ° 38 ' 29.99 " E; 1200 - 1000 m. SAM _ H 3095 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 17 km from St. Lucia Estuary / 16 km off Mfolozi Estuary, 28 ° 21 ' 53.99 " S, 32 ° 34 ' 36.00 " E; 775 - 825 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
82AD8FD0FBA3BF47C8BFA66760E4366E.taxon	description	Description. Corallum unattached and bearing a narrow and circular pedicel. Calice compressed (GCD: LCD = 1.3), with highly lacerated calicular margin. Largest specimen examined (SAM _ H 2814) 27.6 x 20.9 mm in CD, 30.1 mm in H, and 2.8 mm in PD. Thecal faces straight and diverging in an angle between 55 - 73 °. Thecal edge short and continuously crested. Angle of thecal edges (excluding crest) between 160 - 190 °. C 1 - 3 well developed and extending from calicular margin towards base. Theca bear chevron-shaped growth lines, and fine granulation. Corallum predominantly white, but pedicel, intercostal striae, and axial septal faces reddish brown. Septa hexamerally arranged in a variable number of cycles. Examined specimens have five or six cycles, last being incomplete, according to the formula: S 1 - 3> S 4> S 5> S 6 (88 - 110 septa). S 1 - 3 equidistant and joining columella deep in fossa with straight and thickened axial margins. S 4 ~ 1 / 3 the size of S 1 - 3, and also have straight axial margin. S 5 rudimentary in specimens with fifth cycle incomplete, but 1 / 2 the width of S 4 in specimens having sixth cycle incomplete. S 6 rudimentary. Septal faces finely granular. Fossa deep, narrow, with a trabecular columella following the shape of the curved corallum.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
82AD8FD0FBA3BF47C8BFA66760E4366E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off St. Lucia extending towards Kosi Bay Estuary (49 km south of Ponta Do Ouro: Mozambique); 700 - 1200 m. Elsewhere: Off Mozambique; Mascarene Plateau; Madagascar (Cairns and Keller 1993); New Caledonia (Kitahara and Cairns 2021); Tasmania; New Zealand (Squires and Ralph 1965; Cairns 1995, 2004 a); 278 - 1100 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
FDB3C397F169F3AF68E832126F4CBA73.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Flabellum having a jagged or lacerate calicular edge.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
703284BE3C20E13EBD1DDB8976C18B88.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Corallum solitary; attached or free. Corallum shaped in a variety of ways, including ceratoid, campanulate, bowl-shaped, discoidal, or compressed-flabellate. Transverse division lacking. Base and lower pedicel not reinforced with stereome. Wall epithecal, usually porcelaneous, without costae. Pali, dissepiments, and synapticulae absent. Columella rudimentary to absent, when present a simple fusion of lower axial margin of larger septa. Exclusively azooxanthellate.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
279F29CA46F7A79A2F8D7A0CAAFB00B0.taxon	description	Fig. 13 G, H	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
279F29CA46F7A79A2F8D7A0CAAFB00B0.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. USNM 86869 (3 paratypes): Western margin, off Alexandra Bay; 882 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
279F29CA46F7A79A2F8D7A0CAAFB00B0.taxon	description	Description. (based on Zibrowius and Gill 1990) Corallum small (GCD ~ 9.0 - 12.0 mm), fragile, discoidal, with a slightly concave, convex, or flat base. Calice circular and ~ 5.0 mm in H. Base bear distinct, granular to serrate, costa. C 1 - 2 prominent near calicular margin, becoming less so towards centre of base. C 3 and C 4 unequal and less developed than C 1 and C 2. Intercostal spaces fairly deep and smooth. Corallum white. Septa hexamerally arranged in four cycles according to the formula: S 1> S 2> S 3 - 4 (48 septa). S 1 independent but joining adjacent S 4 by extended synapticular bars. S 2 1 / 4 smaller than S 1, whilst S 3 - 4 are equal in width. S 2 - 4 solidly fused, thus forming distinct delta junctions. Septal faces smooth, with no dentations. Columella absent or may be present as narrow tabular spines	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
279F29CA46F7A79A2F8D7A0CAAFB00B0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Western margin of South Africa, off Kerbehuk; 882 m (Zibrowius and Gill 1990). Elsewhere: Walvis Ridge; 882 - 886 m (Zibrowius and Gill 1990).	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
AF0D1683E057ED03991266AA29099AD4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Fungiacyathus with four septal cycles (48 septa).	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
306DB8BD66741BAF73DA6A2BD8823856.taxon	description	Fig. 13 I-L	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
306DB8BD66741BAF73DA6A2BD8823856.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. None.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
306DB8BD66741BAF73DA6A2BD8823856.taxon	description	Description. Corallum discoidal, with a flat to slightly convex base, reaching ≤ 14.5 mm in CD. Costae ridged, serrate, and narrow. C 1 - 2 ridged from epicentre of base to calicular margin, and C 3 - 4 ridged only near calicular margin. Costae correspond with septa in width, with C 1 - 2 equal in width and C 3 - 4 becoming progressively narrower. Intercostal spaces moderately deep and granulated. Corallum white. Septa hexamerally arranged in four cycles according to the formula: S 1> S 2> S 3> S 4 (48 septa). S 1 highly exsert and extend to columella. S 1 appear to be independent, but are connected to adjacent S 4 by five or six synapticular bars, which gradually increase in size near calicular margin. S 2 slightly less exsert and less wide than S 1. S 2 bear 4 - 6 trabecular spines, of which the third and fourth are the tallest and often curved towards columella. S 3 equally exsert and slightly wider than S 2, bearing 4 - 7 trabecular spines, of which the fourth to sixth are elongated and inclined towards columella. S 4 least exsert and smaller septa, but have nine or ten trabecular spines. S 2 - 4 fuse in a typical fungiacyathid fashion, forming porous and rudimentary canopies. All septa, except S 4, have septal lobe occurring peripheral to spines. Septal faces planar, covered with serrated ridges, which are covered by broad and well-spaced teeth, thus giving a dentated appearance. Marginal shelf absent. Columella papillose.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
306DB8BD66741BAF73DA6A2BD8823856.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off Durban towards Kosi Bay Estuary (35 km south of Ponta Do Ouro: Mozambique); 805 - 1050 m. Elsewhere: Mozambique (Cairns and Keller 1993); Tanzania (von Marenzeller 1904 a); Kenya; Madagascar; Gulf of Oman (Gardiner and Waugh 1939); Indonesia (Alcock 1902 a; Cairns 1989 b; Cairns and Zibrowius 1997); 463 - 1914 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
E6BA590CA59EDA4ABE477BAABE2712A4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Fungiacyathus with five septal cycles (96 septa).	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
0A2FE1B91B3E8176E30F72D25AA2D6CB.taxon	description	Fig. 13 M, N	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
0A2FE1B91B3E8176E30F72D25AA2D6CB.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. None.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
0A2FE1B91B3E8176E30F72D25AA2D6CB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, Durban; 99 m (Zibrowius and Grygier 1985).	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
88FD1760E03817F20F7EC6E5CE0E73BD.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. None.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
88FD1760E03817F20F7EC6E5CE0E73BD.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off Natal (Gardiner and Waugh 1939); depth unknown. Elsewhere: Mozambique (Cairns and Keller 1993); Gulf of Aden (Gardiner and Waugh 1939); Japan (Cairns 1994 a); Bay of Bengal (Alcock 1893); Philippines; Indonesia (Cairns 1989 b; Cairns and Zibrowius 1997); Malaysia; Wallis and Futuna; Vanuatu (Cairns 1999 a); Australia; New Zealand (Cairns 1995, 1998); 245 - 2000 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
84C6474A972BE1F68B878D582E6FE34D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Corallum solitary, cupolate, free. Septotheca horizontal. Costae either thin serrate ridges or rounded and granular. Four or five cycles of septa. Septal faces carinate. Septa usually linked to their adjacent septa by synapticular plates. Pali may be present. Columella spongy.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
F89DC6AA89DCF34E4EE0F0EB5E8CEC01.taxon	description	Fig. 3 M, N	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
F89DC6AA89DCF34E4EE0F0EB5E8CEC01.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SAMC _ A 088913 (1 fragment): Southern margin, 110 km from Oubosstrand / off Tsitsikamma Estuary, 35 ° 02 ' 25.19 " S, 23 ° 59 ' 33.60 " E; 915 m. SAMC _ A 090137 (1 fragment): Southern margin, 203 km from Gouritsmond / 214 km off Goukou Estuary, 36 ° 08 ' 21.59 " S, 22 ° 23 ' 39.59 " E; 997 m. SAMC _ A 090138 (1 fragment): Southern margin, 35 km from Knysna / 33 km off Goukamma Estuary, 34 ° 21 ' 01.79 " S, 22 ° 51 ' 01.19 " E; 87 m. SAMC _ A 090139 (1 fragment): Southern margin, 25 km from Jeffreys Bay / 20 km off Gamtoos Estuary, 34 ° 04 ' 46.20 " S, 25 ° 11 ' 24.60 " E; 69 m. SAM _ H 3185 (2 fragments): Eastern margin, 20 km from Cape Vidal / 23 km off St Lucia Estuary, 27 ° 59 ' 30.00 " S, 32 ° 40 ' 47.99 " E; 550 m. SAM _ H 3186 (2 fragments): Southern margin, 31 km from Port Alfred / 20 km off Kleinemond Estuary, 33 ° 39 ' 24.00 " S, 27 ° 11 ' 42.00 " E; 86 m. SAM _ H 3187 (1 fragment): Southern margin, 54 km from Port Edward / km off Mdumbi Estuary, 33 ° 00 ' 00.00 " S, 30 ° 27 ' 11.99 " E; 900 m. SAM _ H 3188 (2 fragments): Eastern margin, 17 km from Margate / off Boboyi Estuary, 30 ° 53 ' 24.00 " S, 30 ° 31 ' 41.99 " E; 850 m. SAM _ H 3189 (16 fragments): Eastern margin, 36 km off Port Shepstone / 49 km off Mtentu Estuary, 30 ° 43 ' 11.99 " S, 30 ° 48 ' 47.99 " E; 900 m. SAM _ H 3190 (14 fragment): Southern margin, 26 km from Kidds Beach / 27 km off Ncera Estuary, 33 ° 19 ' 36.00 " S, 27 ° 52 ' 23.99 " E; 760 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
F89DC6AA89DCF34E4EE0F0EB5E8CEC01.taxon	description	Description. Corallum bushy. New branches formed from extra-tentacular budding at right angles from parent branch. Colonies reinforced by coenosteal bridges, which unite adjacent branches. Coenosteum with low and round granules. Branches cylindrical and straight, with circular to slightly elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.0 - 1.4) corallites. Costae poorly developed, terminal corallites with slightly ridged C 1 - 2. Septa hexamerally arranged in three cycles according to the formula: S 1> S 2> S 3. Upper region of all septa usually narrower than lower part. S 1 slightly exsert, with straight and vertical axial margins. S 21 / 3 the width of S 1, also with straight and vertical margins. S 3 rudimentary and bearing dentate axial margins. Fossa deep, usually filled with tabular endothecal dissepiments. Columella absent.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
F89DC6AA89DCF34E4EE0F0EB5E8CEC01.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Southern to eastern margin of South Africa, Port Alfred extending towards Cape Vidal; 86 - 997 m. Elsewhere: Indonesia (Cairns and Zibrowius 1997); Japan (Yabe and Eguchi 1932 a; Cairns 1994 a); New Zealand (Cairns 1995); Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic regions (Eguchi 1965 b; Cairns 1982); 100 - 760 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
EF427641F30C780E8CF7377157337417.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Colonial, extra-tentacular budding forming bushy colonies. Branch anastomosis common, the branches also united by slender, tubular coenosteal bridges. No pali nor columella. Tabular endothecal dissepiments common and widely spaced.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
8CE8702922F4F679CDA4D892B63067B8.taxon	description	Fig. 13 O, P	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
8CE8702922F4F679CDA4D892B63067B8.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. USNM 77201 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 26 km from Port St. Johns / off Bulolo Estuary, 29 ° 34 ' 47.99 " S, 31 ° 41 ' 59.99 " E; 138 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
8CE8702922F4F679CDA4D892B63067B8.taxon	description	Description. Corallum solitary, small, vermiform to scolecoid, and usually attached by its side, but occasionally free. Calice cylindrical (GCD: LCD = 1.0 - 1.1), calicular margin smooth. Specimen examined (USNM 77201) 1.0 x 0.9 mm in CD and 5.2 mm in H. Epitheca ringed by imbricate transversal ridges, which meet with vertical costae giving a grid-like pattern along coralla. Corallum light brown. Septa octamerally arranged in two cycles according to the formula: S 1> S 2 (16 septa). S 1 with narrow upper margin, which gradually widen deep in fossa with sinuous axial margin. S 2 slightly smaller and bearing a less sinuous axial margin compare with S 1. Septal faces smooth. Fossa shallow containing a single ribbon as columella.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
8CE8702922F4F679CDA4D892B63067B8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off Port St. Johns, at 138 m. Elsewhere: Mozambique (Cairns and Keller 1993); Gulf of Oman (Hickson 1910); New Caledonia (Cairns 1989; Kitahara and Cairns 2021); Australia (Cairns and Parker 1992; Cairns 2004 a); New Zealand; Philippines; Indonesia; Japan (Cairns and Zibrowius 1997); Wallis and Futuna region; Vanuatu (Cairns 1999 a); Mediterranean (Duncan 1872; Zibrowius 1980); Gulf of Mexico; western Caribbean; Bermuda (Cairns 1979); Hawaiian Islands (Cairns 1984 a); 28 - 653 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
21D76C009CAF472A97EDE7E9C554CDCA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Solitary, ceratoid to scolecoid, free or fixed laterally. Chain of individuals sometimes produced by extra-tentacular budding. Wall epithecal. A row of mural " pores " present in every interseptal space. Pali absent. Columella composed of one twisted ribbon.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
A7A32F3CFB8E6E9ADA2D3E7B3D100F11.taxon	description	Fig. 3 O, P	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
A7A32F3CFB8E6E9ADA2D3E7B3D100F11.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SAMC _ A 073100 (5 specimens): Eastern margin, 414 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 41 km off Groot Berg Estuary, 27 ° 13 ' 30.00 " S, 32 ° 49 ' 30.00 " E; 78 m. SAMC _ A 073106 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 66 km from Cape Vidal / 7 km off Mgobezeleni Estuary, 27 ° 33 ' 11.88 " S, 32 ° 43 ' 00.12 " E; 140 m. SAMC _ A 073186 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 20 km from Durban / 13 km off Mbokodweni Estuary, 30 ° 01 ' 05.87 " S, 31 ° 03 ' 11.88 " E; 150 m. USNM 90840 (1 specimen): 26 km from Port St. Johns / off Bulolo Estuary, 29 ° 34 ' 47.99 " S, 31 ° 41 ' 59.99 " E; 138 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
A7A32F3CFB8E6E9ADA2D3E7B3D100F11.taxon	description	Description. Corallum free, squat and always encapsulating a gastropod shell colonised by a sipunculid worm. Sipunculid efferent pore <2 mm in diameter, located aborally. Base flat, but area with pore more prominent, giving a pear-shaped appearance. Calice slightly elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.1). Largest specimen examined (SAMC _ A 073186) 8.2 x 7.8 mm in CD, and 4.6 mm in H. Costae equidistant, separated by narrow intercostal striae. Calicular margin lanceted. Corallum creamy. Septa crowded and hexamerally arranged in four cycles according to the formula: S 1> S 2> S 4> S 3 (48 septa). S 1 most exsert, with rounded upper and oblique axial margins. S 1 extend towards columella and bear a paliform lobe. S 2 less exsert, 3 / 4 the width of S 1, and bearing multiple paliform lobes, which extend towards columella. S 3 least exsert and smallest septa, but bear ≤ five paliform lobes. S 4 almost as exsert as S 2, bearing a paliform lobe (P 4) that fuses to adjacent P 3. All paliform lobes (P 1 - 4) inclined towards columella. All septa have straight axial margins. Septal and palar faces granulated. Fossa shallow, containing a papillose columella composed of 10 - 25 cylindrical elements which are indistinguishable from pali.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
A7A32F3CFB8E6E9ADA2D3E7B3D100F11.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, 19 km from Durban extending towards Groot Berg Estuary (414 km south of Ponta Do Ouro: Mozambique); 78 - 145 m. Elsewhere: Zanzibar (Gardiner and Waugh 1938); Australia (Cairns 1998); Japan (Verrill 1866); China; Thailand (Gray 1849); Philippines; and Indonesia (Hoeksema and Best 1991); New Caledonia (Kitahara and Cairns 2021); 0 - 268 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
966C632519F6D08F2BDD626F7783BF35.taxon	description	Fig. 4 A, B	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
966C632519F6D08F2BDD626F7783BF35.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SAMC _ A 073105 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 36 km from Cape Vidal / 32 km off Mgobezeleni Estuary, 27 ° 48 ' 54.00 " S, 32 ° 38 ' 24.00 " E; 52 m. SAMC _ A 073126 (5 specimens): Eastern margin, 25 km from Cape Vidal / 23 km off St Lucia Estuary, 27 ° 54 ' 42.11 " S, 32 ° 36 ' 42.11 " E; 42 - 50 m. SAMC _ A 073214 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 37 km from Cape Vidal / 32 km off Mgobezeleni Estuary, 27 ° 48 ' 47.88 " S, 32 ° 38 ' 53.87 " E; 50 m. SAM _ H 2808 (10 specimens): Eastern margin, 20 km from Cape Vidal / 22 km off St Lucia Estuary, 27 ° 59 ' 04.99 " S, 32 ° 40 ' 08.00 " E; 550 m. SAM _ H 3118 (19 specimens): Eastern margin, 2 km from Durban / 8 km off Umgeni Estuary, 29 ° 52 ' 00.00 " S, 31 ° 00 ' 00.00 " E; 99 m. SAM _ H 3119 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 3 km from Plettenberg Bay / 2 km off Piesang Estuary, 34 ° 03 ' 06.80 " S, 23 ° 22 ' 48.65 " E; 30 - 35 m. ORI _ DIIIe 1 _ 1 (1 specimen): Locality data unknown.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
966C632519F6D08F2BDD626F7783BF35.taxon	description	Description. Corallum squat, free, and with aboral or lateral efferent pores smaller than 1.5 mm in diameter. Base flat, but a prominent pore result in an asymmetric corallum. Calice circular to elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.0 - 1.1). Largest specimen examined (SAMC _ A 073126) 9.5 x 8.6 mm in CD, and 6.4 mm in H. Costae well-defined, finely granulated, and usually unequal in width. C 1 - 2 sometimes slightly narrower than other costae. Intercostal striae relatively deep but disappear towards base. Base finely granulated. Central part of corallum darker than costae and associated septa. Septa loosely packed and having a star-like appearance, hexamerally arranged in four complete cycles according to the formula: S 1> S 2> S 4> S 3 (48 septa). S 1 highly exsert, each bearing two or three paliform lobes. S 2 slightly less exsert than S 1. S 3 smallest septa, not as exsert as S 1 - 2, and bearing one or two paliform lobes. S 4 wider than S 3 and bears four or five paliform lobes, which are distinguishable from columellar elements. At calicular margin, S 4 fuses to adjacent S 1 - 2 forming prominent lancets. All septa appear to have straight axial margins, with granules arranged perpendicular to septal faces. All paliform lobes cylindrical, rising slightly above columellar elements, with traces of small and sparsely arranged granules. Fossa relatively deep, containing a papillose columella composed of 5 - 20 cylindrical elements.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
966C632519F6D08F2BDD626F7783BF35.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Southern to eastern margin of South Africa, from Plettenberg Bay extending towards Cape Vidal; 30 - 150 m. Elsewhere: Off Indonesia (Hoeksema and Best 1991; Cairns 2004 a); Vanuatu; and Wallis and Futuna Islands (Cairns 1999 a); 0 - 319 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
49411DB4E58F0642B575342074BC0FEA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Corallum free and usually encapsulating a gastropod or scaphopod shell inhabited by a sipunculan worm. Costae at lateral theca distinct and either equal or unequal in thickness. At base costae transform into granulations. Lower part of corallum shows a relatively large worm opening (occasionally two) and several small pores.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
508D6D3691F1EBE1108FF6E86F430C2E.taxon	description	Fig. 4 C, D	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
508D6D3691F1EBE1108FF6E86F430C2E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name Heterocyathus monileseptatum (derived from Latin monile meaning " string of beads " and septum meaning " enclosure, wall, fence ") which alludes to the beaded septal margins.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
508D6D3691F1EBE1108FF6E86F430C2E.taxon	description	Description. Corallum unattached and tall, with lateral efferent pores ranging in diameter from 1.00 ≤ 2.00 mm. Base flat, but a prominent basal pore results in an asymmetric corallum with an irregularly shaped base (BD = 1.1 - 1.6). Calice circular to elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.0 - 1.1), with serrate calicular margin. Holotype (SAM _ H 1431) 11.0 x 9.7 mm in CD, 11.1 x 6.9 mm in BD, and 10.6 mm in H. Paratypes having one or two aboral pores randomly positioned. Costae equidistant and progressively decreasing in width towards base. All costae finely granulated. C 4 bears distinctive low spine-like granules. At base each costae become a row of granules. Intercostal striae equal in width and depth. Corallum white, with theca and columella with blackish pigment. Septa thin, spaced out, delicate, and hexamerally arranged in four complete cycles (which follow a Pourtales plan) according to the formula: S 1 ≥ S 2> S 4> S 3 (48 septa). S 1 most exsert and extend to columella with straight and smooth axial margins. S 2 only slight less exsert and ca. as wide as S 1. S 2 axial margins slightly sinuous. S 3 least exsert septa and 2 / 3 the size of S 2. In each half-system, a pair of S 4 joins common S 3 deep in fossa, and extends towards columella as one septum. S 3 - 4 junctions beaded. S 4 more exsert than S 3, and also with sinuous axial margin. S 4 dimorphic in size: those adjacent to S 1 being wider and more exsert than those adjacent to S 2. At calicular margin, S 4 fuses to adjacent S 1 - 2 forming high rectangular lancets. Septal faces granular. No pali. Fossa deep, containing a poorly developed papillose columella composed of ≤ seven sparsely arranged rods.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
508D6D3691F1EBE1108FF6E86F430C2E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off Durban; 99 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
E7E367ED2925DDC3EA3262D29492026F.taxon	description	Fig. 4 E, F	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
E7E367ED2925DDC3EA3262D29492026F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SAMC _ A 073054 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 33 km from Richards Bay / 39 km off Mlalazi Estuary, 29 ° 04 ' 00.00 " S, 32 ° 10 ' 00.00 " E; 50 m. SAMC _ A 073071 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 9 km from Shaka's Rock / 13 km off Tongati Estuary, 29 ° 34 ' 23.87 " S, 31 ° 17 ' 53.88 " E; 60 m. SAMC _ A 073089 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 67 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 14 km off Mgobezeleni Estuary, 27 ° 26 ' 12.11 " S, 32 ° 44 ' 12.11 " E; 55 - 60 m. SAMC _ A 073105 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 36 km from Cape Vidal / 32 km off Mgobezeleni Estuary, 27 ° 48 ' 54.00 " S, 32 ° 38 ' 24.00 " E; 52 m. SAMC _ A 073108 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 42 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 27 km off Kosi Bay Estuary, 27 ° 13 ' 36.12 " S, 32 ° 49 ' 18.11 " E; 75 m. SAMC _ A 073123 (24 specimens): Eastern margin, 51 km from Shaka's Rock / 41 km off Zinkwasi Estuary, 29 ° 30 ' 17.99 " S, 31 ° 45 ' 44.99 " E; 100 - 105 m. SAMC _ A 073144 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 35 km off Cape Vidal / 32 km off St Lucia Estuary, 27 ° 49 ' 41.87 " S, 32 ° 38 ' 12.11 " E; 54 m. SAMC _ A 073156 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 35 km from Cape Vidal / 32 km off St Lucia Estuary, 27 ° 49 ' 41.87 " S, 32 ° 38 ' 12.11 " E; 54 m. SAMC _ A 073161 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 26 km from Port St. Johns / off Bulolo Estuary, 31 ° 49 ' 59.99 " S, 29 ° 39 ' 59.99 " E; 140 - 145 m. SAM _ H 1245 (15 specimens), SAM _ H 1430 (1 specimen): Locality data unknown. SAM _ H 1472 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 2 km from Durban / 8 km off Umgeni Estuary, 29 ° 52 ' 00.00 " S, 31 ° 00 ' 00.00 " E; 99 m. SAM _ H 1512 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, locality data unknown; 55 - 165 m. SAM _ H 3112 (7 specimens): Eastern margin, 9 km off Shaka's Rock / 2 km off Tongati Estuary, 29 ° 34 ' 18.96 " S, 31 ° 11 ' 05.25 " E; 66 m. ORI _ DIIIe 1 _ 2 (1 specimen): Locality data unknown.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
E7E367ED2925DDC3EA3262D29492026F.taxon	description	Description. Corallum unattached and variable in shape. All specimens examined encapsulate a gastropod shell. Shape of corallum correlates with size and shape of gastropod shell. Aboral efferent pore not exceeding 2.0 mm in diameter. Calice circular to elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.0 - 1.1). Largest specimen examined (SAMC _ A 073161) 9.8 x 9.0 mm in CD, and 6.4 mm in H. Costae granulated, unequal in size with C 3 - 4 wider than C 1 - 2, and progressively diminishing in size towards base. Base smooth. Upper parts of corallum, columella, and S 1 - 2 darker than other corallum elements. Septa hexamerally arranged in four complete cycles according to the formula: S 1 ≥ S 2> S 3> S 4 (48 septa). S 1 most exsert, extend to columella with sinuous axial margins and bear a well-developed pali (P 1). S 2 slightly less exsert and may be equal or less wide than S 1. S 2 also have sinuous axial margins bordered by a smaller pali. S 3 least exsert, also with sinuous axial margins bordered by variable sized pali. S 4 dimorphic in development: those adjacent to S 1 being wider and more exsert than those adjacent to S 2. Approximately 1 / 2 distance to columella each S 4 fuses to adjacent S 1 - 2 forming a V-shaped pattern. Pali cylindrical and bear meniane-like ridges. Fossa shallow, containing a papillose columella.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
E7E367ED2925DDC3EA3262D29492026F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off Port St. Johns extending towards Kosi Bay Estuary (42 km south of Ponta Do Ouro: Mozambique); 50 - 164 m. Elsewhere: Indonesia (Hoeksema and Best 1991; Cairns 2004 a); Australia (Cairns 1998); Vanuatu; Wallis and Futuna Islands (Cairns 1999 a); New Caledonia (Kitahara and Cairns 2021); 11 - 351 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
1BC018A7F120BF9F9A0D23BD2DBA21C3.taxon	description	Figs 9 O, P, 10 A, B	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
1BC018A7F120BF9F9A0D23BD2DBA21C3.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. ORI _ DIIIe 1 _ 3 (1 specimen), ORI _ EIe 1 (10 specimens): Eastern margin, locality data unknown. SAMC _ A 073006 (1 specimen): Locality data unknown; 17 m. SAMC _ A 073051 (6 specimens): Eastern margin ,, 41 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 26 km off Kosi Bay Estuary, 27 ° 13 ' 00.11 " S, 32 ° 49 ' 41.87 " E; 72 m. SAMC _ A 073061 (8 specimens): Eastern margin, 25 km from Cape Vidal / 23 km off St Lucia Estuary, 27 ° 54 ' 42.11 " S, 32 ° 36 ' 42.11 " E; 42 - 50 m. SAMC _ A 073065 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 67 km from CAPE VIDA / 6 km off Mgobezeleni Estuary, 27 ° 32 ' 48.12 " S, 32 ° 42 ' 00.00 " E; 50 m. SAMC _ A 073072 (3 specimens): Eastern margin, 36 km from Cape Vidal / 33 km Mgobezeleni Estuary, 27 ° 48 ' 54.00 " S, 32 ° 38 ' 24.00 " E; 52 m. SAMC _ A 073084 (3 specimens): Locality data unknown. SAMC _ A 073086 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 329 km from Port Edward / 330 km off Mtentu Estuary, 32 ° 55 ' 18.12 " S, 32 ° 55 ' 18.12 " E; 49 m. SAMC _ A 073089 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 67 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 14 km off Mgobezeleni Estuary, 27 ° 26 ' 12.11 " S, 32 ° 44 ' 12.11 " E; 55 - 60 m. SAMC _ A 073090 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 69 km from Cape Vidal / 5 km off Mgobezeleni Estuary, 27 ° 31 ' 36.12 " S, 32 ° 41 ' 48.11 " E; 40 m. SAMC _ A 073091 (2 specimens), SAMC _ A 073093 (1 specimen): Locality data unknown. SAMC _ A 073095 (3 specimens): Eastern margin, 66 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 15 km off Mgobezeleni Estuary, 27 ° 25 ' 59.87 " S, 32 ° 44 ' 30.12 " E; 55 - 100 m. SAMC _ A 073098 (1 specimen): Locality data unknown. SAMC _ A 073100 (5 specimens): Eastern margin, 42 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 27 km off Kosi Bay Estuary, 27 ° 13 ' 30.00 " S, 32 ° 49 ' 30.00 " E; 78 m. SAMC _ A 073112 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 35 km from Cape Vidal / 32 km off St Lucia Estuary, 27 ° 49 ' 41.87 " S, 32 ° 38 ' 12.11 " E; 54 m. SAMC _ A 073115 (5 specimens): Eastern margin, 35 km from Cape Vidal / 32 km off St Lucia Estuary, 27 ° 49 ' 41.87 " S, 32 ° 38 ' 12.11 " E; 47 - 50 m. SAMC _ A 073118 (12 specimens): Eastern margin, 25 km off Cape Vidal / 23 km off St Lucia Estuary, 27 ° 54 ' 42.11 " S, 32 ° 36 ' 42.11 " E; 42 - 50 m; SAMC _ A 073124 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 66 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 15 km off Mgobezeleni Estuary, 27 ° 25 ' 54.11 " S, 32 ° 44 ' 17.88 " E; 46 - 66 m. SAMC _ A 073142 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 19 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 12 km off Kosi-Kumpungwini (Sifungwe) Estuary, 27 ° 01 ' 05.87 " S, 32 ° 55 ' 12.00 " E; 78 m. SAMC _ A 073143 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 38 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 24 km off Kosi Bay Estuary, 27 ° 11 ' 24.00 " S, 32 ° 51 ' 00.00 " E; 100 m. SAMC _ A 073156 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 39 km from Cape Vidal / 29 km off Mgobezeleni Estuary, 27 ° 47 ' 23.99 " S, 32 ° 38 ' 53.87 " E; 65 - 70 m. SAMC _ A 073170 (31 specimen): Eastern margin, 39 km from Cape Vidal / 29 km off Mgobezeleni Estuary, 27 ° 47 ' 23.99 " S, 32 ° 38 ' 53.87 " E; 65 - 70 m. SAMC _ A 073192 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 69 km from Cape Vidal / 7 km off Mgobezeleni Estuary, 27 ° 31 ' 48.00 " S, 32 ° 42 ' 47.99 " E; 70 m. SAMC _ A 073193 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 67 km from Cape Vidal / 6 km off Mgobezeleni Estuary, 27 ° 32 ' 30.11 " S, 32 ° 42 ' 00.00 " E; 48 - 58 m. SAMC _ A 073205 (3 specimens): Eastern margin, 65 km from Cape Vidal / 7 km off Mgobezeleni Estuary, 27 ° 33 ' 47.88 " S, 32 ° 42 ' 15.12 " E; 64 m. SAMC _ A 073214 (30 specimens): Eastern margin, 37 km from Cape Vidal / 32 km off Mgobezeleni Estuary, 27 ° 48 ' 47.88 " S, 32 ° 38 ' 53.87 " E; 50 m. SAMC _ A 073218 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 42 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 27 km off Kosi Bay Estuary, 27 ° 13 ' 30.00 " S, 32 ° 49 ' 30.00 " E; 74 m. SAMC _ A 090117 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 66 km from Cape Vidal / 7 km off Mgobezeleni Estuary, 27 ° 33 ' 11.88 " S, 32 ° 42 ' 47.87 " E; 85 m. SAMC _ A 090118 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 59 km from Cape Vidal / 10 km off Mgobezeleni Estuary, 27 ° 37 ' 00.00 " S, 32 ° 40 ' 54.00 " E; depth unknown. SAM _ H 814 (21 specimen): Eastern margin, 19 km from Shaka's Rock / 3 km off Mdloti Estuary, 29 ° 38 ' 59.99 " S, 31 ° 07 ' 59.99 " E; depth unknown. USNM 90242 (1 specimen, sub-sample of SAMC _ A 073086): Eastern margin, 329 km from Port Edward / 330 km off Mtentu Estuary, 32 ° 55 ' 18.12 " S, 32 ° 55 ' 18.12 " E; 49 m. USNM 90426 (1 specimen): Eastern margin ,, 41 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 26 km off Kosi Bay Estuary, 27 ° 13 ' 00.11 " S, 32 ° 49 ' 41.87 " E; 72 m. USNM 90434 (5 specimens, sub-samples of SAMC _ A 073205): Eastern margin, 65 km from Cape Vidal / 7 km off Mgobezeleni Estuary, 27 ° 33 ' 47.88 " S, 32 ° 42 ' 15.12 " E; 64 m. USNM 90435 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 67 km from Cape Vidal / 6 km off Mgobezeleni Estuary, 27 ° 32 ' 42.00 " S, 32 ° 42 ' 29.88 " E; 63 m. USNM 90439 (11 specimen): Eastern margin, 64 km from Cape Vidal / 7 km off Mgobezeleni Estuary, 27 ° 34 ' 12.00 " S, 32 ° 42 ' 06.12 " E; 62 - 64 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
1BC018A7F120BF9F9A0D23BD2DBA21C3.taxon	description	Description. Corallum solitary, encapsulating a gastropod shell, with one large efferent pore projecting downward from base of corallum, and several smaller pores on lower theca. Calice elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.3 - 1.5); calicular margin lanceted. Largest specimen examined (SAMC _ A 073170) 11.4 x 9.1 mm in CD, and 13.1 mm in H. Upper theca highly porous and usually composed of discontinuous interconnected granular rows. Lower theca granular. Corallum white. Septa hexamerally arranged in four complete cycles according to the formula: S 1 - 2> S 4> S 3 (48 septa). S 1 - 2 highly exsert, equally wide, with straight axial margins that fuse to columellar elements. S 3 least exsert septa and bear serrate axial margins. S 4 fuse to neighbouring septa near calicular margin forming well-developed and porous triangular lancets. In each half-system, a pair of S 4 fuses before flanked S 3 and reach columella as one septum. S 4 upper axial margins highly concave becoming almost vertical after fusing to adjacent S 4 near columella. Fossa of moderate depth, containing a spongy columella.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
1BC018A7F120BF9F9A0D23BD2DBA21C3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, extending from off Port Edward towards Kosi-Kumpungwini (Sifungwe) Estuary (19 km south of Ponta Do Ouro: Mozambique); 17 - 100 m. Elsewhere: Widespread throughout the tropical Indo-Pacific (Veron and Pichon 1980; Hoeksema and Best 1991; Cairns 1999 a); 6 - 622 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
442C17A6CD1AF003A6E4252D855ED51F.taxon	description	Fig. 10 C, D.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
442C17A6CD1AF003A6E4252D855ED51F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SAMC _ A 090129 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 69 km from Cape Vidal / 5 km off Mgobezeleni Estuary, 27 ° 31 ' 36.12 " S, 32 ° 41 ' 48.11 " E; 40 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
442C17A6CD1AF003A6E4252D855ED51F.taxon	description	Description. Corallum solitary, encapsulating a gastropod shell, with one large efferent pore projecting downward from base of corallum, and several smaller efferent pores on lower theca. Calice irregular to elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.5), calicular margin lanceted. Only specimen examined (SAMC _ A 090129) 12.9 x 8.7 mm in CD and 8.9 mm in H. Upper theca highly porous and usually composed of discontinuous but interconnected granular rows. Lower theca becoming more granular. Corallum white. Septa hexamerally arranged in six incomplete cycles according to the formula: S 1 - 2> S 3> S 5> S 4 (107 septa). S 1 - 2 highly exsert, equally wide, with lower axial margins fusing to columellar elements. Higher cycle septa (S 1 - 2) progressively less exsert. S 31 / 2 the width of S 1 - 2. S 4 dimorphic in development: those in half-systems lacking S 6 ~ 1 / 5 the width of S 3; but those in half-systems with S 61 / 3 the width S 3. S 5 also dimorphic, being double the width of S 4 in half-systems lacking S 6 and merging in front of S 4 before meeting columella as one septum. However, in half-systems with S 6, those S 5 neighbouring S 3 are double the width of S 4, but those flanked by S 6 are rudimentary. S 61 / 3 the width of S 4 and fuse before flanked S 5, reaching columella as one septum. All septa with straight and slightly serrate axial margins. Fossa of moderate depth, containing a spongy columella.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
442C17A6CD1AF003A6E4252D855ED51F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margins of South Africa, off Cape Vidal; 40 m. Elsewhere: China Sea (Verrill 1870); Indonesia (van der Horst 1922; Hoeksema and Best 1991); Philippines (Moseley 1881); New Caledonia (Kitahara and Cairns 2021); Australia (Veron and Pichon 1980); Maldives; Seychelles (van der Horst 1926); and Zanzibar (van der Horst 1926; Gardiner and Waugh 1938); 38 - 281 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
CDBE8B76C76B915B9F6D7A68FB8BB59D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Corallum solitary or colonial, latter condition achieved by intratentacular budding and resulting in ≤ 40 contiguous corallites. Adult corallum free and mobile, globular in shape. Coralla usually attached to small gastropod shells, these subsequently overgrown. Each specimen apparently in obligate symbiosis with a sipunculid worm, which lives in base of corallum. Epitheca absent. Synapticulotheca covered with finely serrate ridges, usually one to three ridges per corresponding septum (not considered to be conventional costae). Pourtales plan present. Paliform lobes may be present. Columella spongy, not discrete. Endotheca absent.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
19E69D4CEAC7D8252921EE97EB186E79.taxon	description	Fig. 11 O, P	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
19E69D4CEAC7D8252921EE97EB186E79.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SAMC _ A 090150 (3 specimens): Southern margin, 116 km from Gouritsmond / km off Goukamma Estuary, 35 ° 07 ' 11.27 " S, 23 ° 02 ' 41.75 " E; 333 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
19E69D4CEAC7D8252921EE97EB186E79.taxon	description	Description. Corallum trochoid to ceratoid, straight to slightly curved, and attached through a slender but reinforced pedicel, which expands into an encrusting base. Calice elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.4), with a thin and serrated calicular margin, which is usually broken. Largest specimen examined 27.9 x 19.4 mm in CD, and 46.2 mm in H. Theca thin, glistening, and porcelaneous. Faint costae correspond to all septa, and extend from calicular margin to base. Transversely arranged, chevron-shaped growth lines more distinctive at major septa. Corallum white. Septa hexamerally arranged in five cycles according to the formula: S 1 - 2> S 3> S 4> S 5 (96 septa). Septa of all examined specimens damaged at calicular margin, therefore unable to observe exsertness. S 1 - 2 almost joining opposite septa with straight to slightly sinuous, thickened axial margins. S 3 slightly less wide and less sinuous than S 1 - 2. S 4 ~ 1 / 4 smaller than S 3, with similarly or slightly more sinuous axial margin. S 5 rudimentary, but bearing the most sinuous axial margin. Septal faces finely granulated with pointed spines. Fossa deep.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
19E69D4CEAC7D8252921EE97EB186E79.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Southern margin of South Africa, Gouritsmond; 333 m. Elsewhere: Antarctica (Cairns 1982); Argentina (Cairns and Polonio 2013); New Caledonia (Kitahara and Cairns 2021) 53 - 1626 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
FF95CE4D40DE417FB4E3CADE1578C87C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Corallum solitary, sub-cylindrical to turbinate, and attached by a pedicel that is strongly reinforced with numerous layers of dense stereome (tectura). Three to five cycles of highly exsert septa present, resulting in a lacerate calicular edge. Pali absent. Columella rudimentary or absent.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
63BD4A547A8C2988C1F1E646F85F5BBE.taxon	description	Fig. 12 A, B	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
63BD4A547A8C2988C1F1E646F85F5BBE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. DEFF _ CCS 2 D 17 - INV 116 (1 specimen): Western margin, 53 km from Saldanha / 80 km off Berg River V Estuary, 33 ° 06 ' 35.77 " S, 17 ° 23 ' 01.26 " E; 410 m. ORI _ DIIb 5 (1 specimen): Southern margin, other locality data unknown. SAMC _ A 073082 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 31 km from Richards Bay / 46 km off Mlalazi Estuary, 29 ° 00 ' 54.00 " S, 32 ° 15 ' 35.99 " E; 500 m. SAMC _ A 073083 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 28 km from Richards Bay / 40 km off Mlalazi Estuary, 29 ° 00 ' 54.00 " S, 32 ° 12 ' 06.12 " E; 215 m. SAMC _ A 073096 (3 specimens): Locality data unknown. SAMC _ A 73218 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 42 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 27 km from Kosi Bay Estuary, 27 ° 13 ' 30.00 " S, 32 ° 49 ' 30.00 " E; 74 m. SAMC _ A 90116 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 33 km from Port Dunford / 37 km from Mlalazi Estuary, 29 ° 08 ' 59.99 " S, 32 ° 05 ' 24.00 " E; 85 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
63BD4A547A8C2988C1F1E646F85F5BBE.taxon	description	Description. Corallum ceratoid, robust, expanding into a flared calice, and attached through a slender reinforced pedicel, which expands into an encrusting base. Calice elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.40 - 1.70), with a thick and jagged calicular margin. Largest specimen examined (SAMC _ A 90116) 25.6 x 15.9 mm in CD, and 25.5 mm in H. Theca robust and smooth. C 1 - 3 restricted to upper 1 / 3 of coralla. Corallum white. Septa hexamerally arranged in five cycles according to the formula: S 1> S 2> S 3> S 4> S 5 (96 septa). S 1 most exsert, with straight and vertical axial margin. S 2 smaller, slightly less exsert than S 1, and have slightly sinuous axial margin. S 3 as exsert as S 2 but only 1 / 2 the width of S 2. S 3 axial edge as sinuous as that from S 2. S 4 non-exsert, 1 / 4 the size of S 3, and bear moderately sinuous axial margin. S 5 rudimentary, but have the most sinuous axial margin. All septal faces finely granulated with blunt spines. Fossa deep.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
63BD4A547A8C2988C1F1E646F85F5BBE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off Richards Bay extending towards Kosi Bay Estuary (42 km south of Ponta Do Ouro: Mozambique); 74 - 500 m. Elsewhere: Mozambique; Madagascar (Cairns and Keller 1993); Red Sea (von Marenzeller 1907); Reunion (Zibrowius and Grygier 1985); Hawaiian Islands (Cairns 1984); Japan (Cairns 1989 b); Philippines; Indonesia (Cairns and Zibrowius 1997); New Caledonia (Kitahara and Cairns 2021); 46 - 1050 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
7353B4EDF900D4E3C26E754C5D7A6782.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Corallum solitary, ceratoid to subcylindrical, and firmly attached. Costae poorly defined or composed of transverse epithecal ridges. Pali absent. Columella well developed and composed of an interconnected maze of lamellar plates.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
256A6BC0DBD6CE8C6F93369F28517A81.taxon	description	Fig. 4 G, H	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
256A6BC0DBD6CE8C6F93369F28517A81.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. DEFF _ AI 2 - INV 135 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 37 km from Cintsa / 21 km off Cwili Estuary, 32 ° 49 ' 59.99 " S, 28 ° 30 ' 00.00 " E; 228 m. SAMC _ A 073158 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 10 km from Port Edward / 24 km off Bilanhlolo Estuary, 31 ° 05 ' 48.00 " S, 30 ° 18 ' 47.99 " E; 140 m. SAMC _ A 073173 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 24 km from Coffee Bay / 17 km off Mdumbi Estuary, 31 ° 58 ' 00.00 " S, 29 ° 22 ' 59.99 " E; 200 m. SAMC _ A 073180 (13 specimens): Southern margin, 33 km from Mazeppa Bay / 24 km off Cwili Estuary, 32 ° 45 ' 47.88 " S, 28 ° 36 ' 24.12 " E; 240 - 250 m. SAM _ H 1482 (4 specimens): Southern margin, 11 km from East London / 5 km off Gouda Estuary, 33 ° 05 ' 03.24 " S, 27 ° 49 ' 33.40 " E; 146 - 238 m. SAM _ H 2805 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, locality data unknown; 550 m. SAM _ H 2828 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 11 km from East London / 5 km off Gouda Estuary, 33 ° 05 ' 03.24 " S, 27 ° 49 ' 33.40 " E; 146 - 238 m. SAM _ H 2832 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 3 km from Kei Mouth / off De Mond-Heuningnes Estuary, 32 ° 42 ' 31.81 " S, 28 ° 21 ' 54.38 " E; 159 m. SAM _ H 2834 (3 specimens): Southern margin, 25 km from Gonubie / 24 km off Gqunube Estuary, 33 ° 06 ' 17.99 " S, 28 ° 10 ' 59.99 " E; 155 m. SAM _ H 2835 (20 specimens): Southern margin, 29 km from Cintsa / 3 km off Morgan Estuary, 32 ° 42 ' 30.47 " S, 28 ° 22 ' 07.88 " E; 159 m. SAM _ H 2836 (7 specimens): Southern margin, 11 km from East London / 5 km off Gouda Estuary, 33 ° 05 ' 03.24 " S, 27 ° 49 ' 33.40 " E; 146 - 238 m. SAM _ H 2837 (2 specimens): Southern margin, 11 km from East London / 3 km off Buffalo Estuary, 33 ° 00 ' 53.67 " S, 27 ° 55 ' 50.67 " E; 128 m. SAM _ H 2845 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 17 km from Margate / off Boboyi Estuary, 30 ° 53 ' 24.00 " S, 30 ° 31 ' 41.99 " E; 850 m. SAM _ H 3131 (2 specimens): Southern margin, 40 km from Cintsa / 29 km off Cwili Estuary, 32 ° 55 ' 00.00 " S, 28 ° 31 ' 00.00 " E; 630 m. SAM _ H 3132 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 28 km from Coffee Bay / 19 km off Bulungulu Estuary, 32 ° 14 ' 53.99 " S, 29 ° 10 ' 23.99 " E; 620 - 560 m. SAM _ H 3133 (7 specimens): Southern margin, 32 km off Mazeppa Bay / 24 km off Kobole Estuary, 32 ° 28 ' 36.00 " S, 28 ° 58 ' 48.00 " E; 710 - 775 m. SAM _ H 3134 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 28 km from Mazeppa Bay / 27 km off Kobole Estuary, 32 ° 32 ' 59.99 " S, 28 ° 55 ' 00.00 " E; 775 - 790 m. SAM _ H 4242 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 11 km from Port St. Johns / 15 km off Bulolo Estuary, 31 ° 39 ' 42.00 " S, 29 ° 38 ' 59.99 " E; 300 - 540 m. ORI _ DIIIg 1 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, other locality unknown.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
256A6BC0DBD6CE8C6F93369F28517A81.taxon	description	Description. Corallum solitary, ceratoid to trochoid, attached to substrate through a pedicel (PD: GCD = 0.3 - 0.5) that expands into an encrusting base. Calice circular to slightly elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.0 - 1.1), calicular margin thick and slightly serrated. Largest specimen examined (SAM _ H 2836) 11.6 x 11.4 mm in CD, 4.8 mm in PD, and 17.8 mm in H. Theca bears thin transverse ridges composed of fine granules. Costae poorly developed, granular, separated by faint and narrow intercostal striae, and more prominent near calicular margin. Corallum white. Septa hexamerally arranged in four cycles according to the formula: S 1 - 2> S 3> S 4 (48 septa). S 1 - 2 largest septa and equal to only slightly more exsert than S 2, almost reaching columella. S 34 / 5 the size of S 1 - 2. Higher cycle septa (S 3 - 4) progressively less exsert. S 4 1 / 2 to 3 / 4 the width of S 3, with the least sinuous axial margin. All septal faces bear low rounded granules. Fossa moderately deep, containing a well-defined labyrinthiform columella composed of interconnected lamellar plates.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
256A6BC0DBD6CE8C6F93369F28517A81.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Southern to eastern margin, off East London extending towards Port Dunford; 128 - 790 m. Elsewhere: off south-eastern Mozambique (Cairns and Keller 1993); 155 - 1000 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
DCCFC2B6021D694C6D260E6E537F6AAD.taxon	description	Fig. 14 A, B	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
DCCFC2B6021D694C6D260E6E537F6AAD.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. DEFF _ NANSEN-INV 18: Eastern margin, 20 km from Durban / 19 km off Beachwood Mangroves, 29 ° 52 ' 56.39 " S, 31 ° 12 ' 15.59 " E; 224 m. SAM _ H 1395 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, off Umdloti River mouth; 183 m. SAM _ H 1426 (1 specimen): Southern margin, off Great Fish River mouth; 183 m. SAM _ H 1429 (7 specimens): Southern margin, 6 km from Kidds Beach / 5 km off Ncera Estuary, 33 ° 11 ' 59.99 " S, 27 ° 40 ' 59.99 " E; 79 m. SAM _ H 1452 (8 specimens): Locality data unknown. SAM _ H 1473 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, off Durban Harbor; 99 m. USNM 91505 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 26 km from Cape Vidal / 25 km off St Lucia Estuary, 27 ° 54 ' 18.00 " S, 32 ° 37 ' 59.87 " E; 105 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
DCCFC2B6021D694C6D260E6E537F6AAD.taxon	description	Description. Corallum discoidal (GCD: H = 3.5 - 3.7) with a flat to convex porous base, giving a low density to corallum. Largest specimen examined (SAM _ H 1426) 25.3 mm in CD and 7.0 mm in H. Calice circular, with serrated calicular margin. Costae ridged and thin, with closely packed granules resulting in serrated edges. Costal bifurcations correspond to septal pattern. Intercostal spaces porous, broader towards calicular margin and thinner towards epicentre of base. Synapticular bars connect each costa to neighbouring septa near calicular margin, and near epicentre of base synapticular bars connect adjacent costae. Marginal shelf low, reaching a maximum of 3 mm in width. Corallum white. Up to 120 septa arranged in a typical micrabaciid fashion. S 1 - 2 non-bifurcate and straight, with subsequent S 3 leading to multiple bifurcations. S 1 extend from calicular margin to columella with vertical axial margins. S 2 also straight, extending from calicular margin to columella, but joined by S 3 near columella. S 2 - 3 fusion forms a delta bearing ≤ two spines. S 3 bifurcates repeatedly. The first bifurcation produces two S 3 i on either side of S 2. The resultant edges of S 3 i adjacent to S 2 bifurcates three more times in which the first bifurcation produces one S 3 ii, second one S 3 iii, and the last two S 3 iv. The S 3 i adjacent to S 1 bifurcates four times, in which the first gives three S 3 iii and two S 3 iv. Axial edge of S 1 - 2 and sometimes S 3 join the spongy columella.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
DCCFC2B6021D694C6D260E6E537F6AAD.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off Great Fish River mouth extending towards Cape Vidal; 79 - 183 m. Elsewhere: Tanzania (Gardiner and Waugh 1939); Mozambique; Madagascar (Cairns and Keller 1993); Philippines; Indonesia (Cairns and Zibrowius 1997); Malaysia; Wallis and Futuna; Vanuatu; Australia; New Zealand (Cairns 1995, 1998; 1999); Japan (Cairns 1994); 270 - 610 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
04C980B399CD4113C48376A58A14CCB9.taxon	description	Fig. 14 C, D	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
04C980B399CD4113C48376A58A14CCB9.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. ORI _ BIVa 1 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, Locality data unknown. SAMC _ A 073050 (14 specimens): Eastern margin, 26 km from Cape Vidal / 25 km off St Lucia Estuary, 27 ° 54 ' 18.00 " S, 32 ° 37 ' 59.87 " E; 105 m. SAMC _ A 073151 (7 specimens): Eastern margin, 29 km from Durban / 14 km off Mbokodweni Estuary, 30 ° 06 ' 24.12 " S, 31 ° 00 ' 47.88 " E; 160 - 170 m. SAMC _ A 073152 (7 specimens): Southern margin, 12 km from Gonubie / 12 km off Gqunube Estuary, 33 ° 01 ' 48.00 " S, 28 ° 04 ' 23.87 " E; 85 m. SAMC _ A 073164 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 28 km from Durban / 14 km off Mbokodweni Estuary, 30 ° 06 ' 00.00 " S, 31 ° 01 ' 36.00 " E; 245 - 250 m. SAMC _ A 073175 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 28 km from Coffee Bay / 16 km off Hluleka Estuary, 31 ° 55 ' 58.79 " S, 29 ° 25 ' 12.00 " E; 300 m. SAMC _ A 073177 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 19 km from Coffee Bay / 18 km off Mdumbi Estuary, 32 ° 02 ' 53.87 " S, 29 ° 19 ' 41.87 " E; 250 - 280 m. SAMC _ A 073178 (4 specimens): Eastern margin, 28 km from Durban / 14 km off Mbokodweni Estuary, 30 ° 06 ' 00.00 " S, 31 ° 01 ' 36.00 " E; 245 - 250 m. SAMC _ A 073185 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 19 km from Durban / 14 km off Mbokodweni Estuary, 30 ° 00 ' 36.00 " S, 31 ° 03 ' 47.99 " E; 140 m. SAMC _ A 087428 (1 specimen): Locality data unknown, SAMC _ A 090070 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 20 km from Durban / 16 km off Beachwood Mangrove, 29 ° 50 ' 12.12 " S, 31 ° 12 ' 17.99 " E; 95 m. SAMC _ A 090148 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 30 km from Durban / 31 km off Tongati Estuary, 29 ° 43 ' 11.99 " S, 31 ° 25 ' 47.99 " E; 185 m. SAM _ H 1364 (1 damaged specimen): Eastern margin, 2 km from Durban / 8 km off Umgeni Estuary, 29 ° 51 ' 59.99 " S, 31 ° 00 ' 00.00 " E; 99 m. SAM _ H 1429 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 6 km from Kidds Beach / 5 km off Ncera Estuary, 33 ° 11 ' 59.99 " S, 27 ° 40 ' 59.99 " E; 79 m. SAM _ H 1453 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 6 km from Kidds Beach / 5 km off Ncera Estuary, 33 ° 11 ' 59.99 " S, 27 ° 40 ' 59.99 " E; 79 m. SAM _ H 3126 (2 specimens): Southern margin, 15 km from Port Alfred / 11 km off Riet Estuary, 33 ° 39 ' 18.00 " S, 27 ° 01 ' 05.99 " E; 90 m. SAM _ H 3127 (3 specimens): Southern margin, 31 km from Port Alfred / 20 km off Kleinemond (Oos) Estuary, 33 ° 39 ' 24.00 " S, 27 ° 11 ' 42.00 " E; 86 m. USNM 75640 (7 specimens): Eastern margin, 26 km from Port St. Johns / off Bulolo Estuary, 29 ° 34 ' 47.99 " S, 31 ° 41 ' 59.99 " E; 138 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
04C980B399CD4113C48376A58A14CCB9.taxon	description	Description. Corallum discoidal (GCD: H = 3.2 - 4.1), with a flat to convex and porous base. Closely packed septa, with coarse dentition giving the corallum a beaded appearance. Largest specimen examined (SAMC _ A 073164) 33.5 mm in CD and 8.0 mm in H. Calice circular, with serrated calicular margin. Costae ridged and thin, with closely packed low profile granules resulting in serrated costae. Costal bifurcations correspond to septal pattern. Intercostal spaces porous, thin at calicular margin and broaden towards epicentre of base. Synapticular bars connect each costa to neighbouring septa near calicular margin, and near epicentre of base synapticular bars connect adjacent costae. Marginal shelf low and narrow, reaching a maximum of 3 mm. Corallum white. Septa arranged in a typical micrabaciid fashion reaching ≤ 120 septa. S 1 - 2 non-bifurcate and straight, with subsequent S 3 leading to multiple bifurcations. S 1 imperforate and extend from columella to calicular margin. S 1 with vertical and slightly dentated axial margin. S 2 also straight and extending to columella, but joined by S 3 near columella. S 2 - 3 fusions form porous delta bearing numerous spines. S 3 bifurcates repeatedly. First bifurcation produces two S 3 i on either side of S 2. Resultant edges of S 3 i adjacent to S 2 bifurcates three more times in which the first bifurcation gives S 3 ii, second one S 3 iii, and the last gives two S 3 iv. S 3 i adjacent to S 1 bifurcates four times, in which the first gives three S 3 iii and two S 3 iv. Axial edge of S 1 - 2 and sometimes S 3, join the spongy columella.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
04C980B399CD4113C48376A58A14CCB9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Southern to eastern margin of South Africa, from off Port Alfred extending towards Cape Vidal; 79 - 300 m. Elsewhere: Off Pemba, Tanzania (Gardiner and Waugh 1939); 50 - 650 m (Owens 1994).	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
0EF6103AEFE654FC2A274989B7002D3F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Corallum solitary, discoidal, and free. Synapticulothecate. Marginal shelf usually present. Costae thin and ridged. Intercostal spaces broader than costae and penetrated by large pores. Septa also highly porous, with complex dentition. Septa alternate in position with costae. Septa arranged in typical micrabaciid pattern, having multiple S 3 bifurcations. Number of septa a function of calicular diameter, but 120 is the common adult number. Columella spongy.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
93E6A76CFDA731EBC5BF2C066CA6153C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Colonial, extra-tentacular sympodial budding forming dendroid colonies. Coenosteum dense. Costae and pali sometimes absent. Columella papillose or absent.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
6EFFF801366C59EE81D187231F7FD5B5.taxon	description	Fig. 14 I	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
6EFFF801366C59EE81D187231F7FD5B5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. ORI _ DIIIf 1 (1 fragment): Locality data unknown. SAM _ H 3038 (5 fragments): Eastern margin, 17 km from St. Lucia Estuary / 16 km off Mfolozi Estuary, 28 ° 21 ' 53.99 " S, 32 ° 34 ' 36.00 " E; 775 - 825 m. SAM _ H 3039 (10 fragments): Eastern margin, 36 km off Port Shepstone / 49 km off Mtentu Estuary, 30 ° 43 ' 11.99 " S, 30 ° 48 ' 47.99 " E; 900 m. SAM _ H 3040 (1 fragments): Southern margin, 36 km from Port Shepstone / 29 km off Mhlabatshane Estuary, 30 ° 43 ' 11.99 " S, 30 ° 48 ' 47.99 " E; 780 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
6EFFF801366C59EE81D187231F7FD5B5.taxon	description	Description. Corallum colonial, with delicate distal branches. Colonies usually bushy but distal branches uniplanar, with sympodially arranged corallites. Corallites circular, reaching ≤ 3.0 mm in CD, with slightly serrated calicular margin. Costae thin and prominent near calicular edge, usually corresponding to higher cycle septa. Coenosteum finely granular, longitudinally striated. Corallum light beige to white. Septa thin and hexamerally arranged in three complete cycles according to the formula: S 1> S 2> S 3 (24 septa). S 1 highly exsert, extending towards columella deep in fossa with dentate and sometimes laciniate axial margin. S 2 less exsert, half the width of S 1, and have dentate axial edges. S 3 rudimentary and discontinuous. Fossa deep, containing a poorly developed papillose columella.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
6EFFF801366C59EE81D187231F7FD5B5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Southern and Eastern margins of South Africa, off Still Bay (Boshoff 1981) extending towards St Lucia; 780 - 900 m. Elsewhere: Cosmopolitan, apart from Antarctica (Alcock 1898; von Marenzeller 1904 a; Gardiner and Waugh 1938; Zibrowius 1980; Cairns 1979, 1982, 1984; Cairns and Keller 1993; Cairns 2004 a); 15 - 1950 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
24F9C0384414BC326CD8C83406E2761B.taxon	description	Fig. 4 I-K	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
24F9C0384414BC326CD8C83406E2761B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SAMC _ A 072992 (1 specimen): Southern margin, other locality data unknown. SAMC _ A 073228 (1 specimen): Southern margin, False Bay; depth unknown. SAMC _ A 073233 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 14 km from Cape Point / 10 km off Buffels Wes Estuary, 34 ° 13 ' 59.99 " S, 18 ° 30 ' 00.00 " E; 42 m. SAM _ A 073245 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 34 km off Coffee Bay / 7 km off Ntlonyane Estuary, 32 ° 15 ' 11.99 " S, 28 ° 57 ' 42.00 " E; 47 m. SAMC _ A 088924 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 23 km from Kidds Beach / 24 km off Ncera Estuary, 33 ° 18 ' 01.37 " S, 27 ° 51 ' 30.58 " E; 247 - 147 m. SAMC _ A 088927 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 92 km from Oubosstrand / 89 km off Tsitsikamma Estuary, 34 ° 53 ' 21.93 " S, 24 ° 06 ' 56.47 " E; 355 m. SAM _ A 090072 (1 specimen): Western margin, 13 km from Pringle Bay / off Buffels Oos Estuary, 34 ° 18 ' 36.00 " S, 18 ° 42 ' 53.99 " E; 71 m. SAMC _ A 090073 (1 specimen): Western margin, 23 km from Pringle Bay / 20 km off Buffels Oos Estuary, 34 ° 10 ' 05.99 " S, 18 ° 47 ' 03.00 " E; 36 m. SAMC _ A 090074 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 34 km from Coffee Bay / 7 km off Ntlonyane Estuary, 32 ° 15 ' 11.99 " S, 28 ° 57 ' 42.00 " E; 47 m. SAMC _ A 090075 (1 specimen): Western margin, 49 km from Cape Point / 51 km off Buffels Wes Estuary, 34 ° 43 ' 18.00 " S, 18 ° 12 ' 29.99 " E; 360 - 365 m. SAMC _ A 090076 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 16 km from Cape Point / off Buffels Wes Estuary, 34 ° 15 ' 00.00 " S, 18 ° 36 ' 00.00 " E; 51 m. SAMC _ A 090078 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 14 km from Cape Point / 10 km off Buffels Wes Estuary, 34 ° 13 ' 59.99 " S, 18 ° 30 ' 00.00 " E; 42 m. SAMC _ A 090081 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 12 km from Pringle Bay / 11 km off Buffels Oos Estuary, 34 ° 16 ' 59.99 " S, 18 ° 45 ' 00.00 " E; 58 m. SAMC _ A 090140 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 92 km from Oubosstrand / 89 km off Tsitsikamma Estuary, 34 ° 53 ' 21.93 " S, 24 ° 06 ' 56.47 " E; 355 m. SAM _ H 1365 (2 specimens): Southern margin, 28 km from Port Alfred / 3 km off Old Woman's Estuary, 33 ° 30 ' 00.00 " S, 27 ° 08 ' 59.99 " E; 40 m. SAM _ H 1366 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 5 km from East London / 3 km off Blind Estuary, 33 ° 00 ' 13.79 " S, 27 ° 56 ' 59.99 " E; 59 m. SAM _ H 1374 (7 specimens): Southern margin, 241 km from Agulhas / 247 km off De Mond-Heuningnes Estuary, 36 ° 40 ' 00.00 " S, 21 ° 25 ' 59.99 " E; 200 m. SAM _ H 1406 (2 specimens): Western margin, off Somerset West; depth unknown. SAM _ H 1439 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 25 km from Gonubie / 24 km off Gqunube Estuary, 33 ° 06 ' 17.99 " S, 28 ° 10 ' 59.99 " E; 155 m. SAM _ H 1474 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 11 km from East London / 5 km off Gouda Estuary, 33 ° 05 ' 03.24 " S, 27 ° 49 ' 33.40 " E; 146 - 238 m. SAM _ H 3060 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 28 km from Gonubie / 27 km off Buffalo Estuary, 33 ° 09 ' 29.99 " S, 28 ° 03 ' 06.00 " E; 86 m. SAM _ H 3061 (4 specimens): Southern margin, 28 km from Port Alfred / 3 km off Old Woman's Estuary, 33 ° 30 ' 00.00 " S, 27 ° 08 ' 59.99 " E; 93 m. SAM _ H 3210 (4 specimens): Eastern margin, 30 km from Scottburgh / 20 km off Fafa Estuary, 30 ° 33 ' 24.00 " S, 30 ° 48 ' 35.99 " E; 690 m. SAM _ H 3211 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 17 km from Margate / off Boboyi Estuary, 30 ° 53 ' 24.00 " S, 30 ° 31 ' 41.99 " E; 850 m. SAM _ H 3398 (2 specimens): Southern margin, 11 km from Gansbaai / 38 km off Bot River Lagoon, 34 ° 39 ' 27.93 " S, 19 ° 17 ' 03.00 " E; 36 m. ORI _ DIIIa 2 (2 specimens), ORI _ DIIId 1 (2 specimens), ORI _ EIa 4 _ 2 (5 specimens): Eastern margin, other locality data unknown. USNM 100854 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 5 km from Port Elizabeth / 3 km off Bakens River Estuary, 33 ° 56 ' 52.31 " S, 25 ° 37 ' 20.70 " E; depth unknown.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
24F9C0384414BC326CD8C83406E2761B.taxon	description	Description. Corallum ceratoid to trochoid, firmly attached to substrate by a slender pedicel (PD: GCD = 0.3 - 0.7) that expands into a monocyclic encrusting base. Calice slightly elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.1 - 1.3). Largest specimen examined (SAMC _ A 090140) 26.2 x 23.3 mm in CD, 9.6 mm in PD, and 48.1 mm in H. Costae flat to slightly convex, being prominent at calicular margin. Costae bear irregular and small granules. Intercostal striae thin and shallow. Both costae and intercostal striae become progressively faint towards base. Corallum white with theca being slightly light brown. Septa hexamerally arranged in five cycles, sometimes the last cycle being incomplete, according to the formula: S 1 - 3> S 3> S 4> S 5 (96 septa). S 1 - 2 highly exsert and equal in width, extending to columella with straight axial margins. S 3 less exsert, 1 / 3 less the width of S 1 - 2, but in larger specimens meet columella deeper in fossa. However, in smaller specimens (<13.0 mm in CD), S 3 do not join columella and has a slightly dentate axial margin. S 4 less exsert and 1 / 2 the width of S 3, with dentate axial margin. S 5 not exsert, rudimentary, with the most dentate axial margin. Fossa of moderate depth, containing a papillose columella composed of a group of 15 - 20 well-defined rods.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
24F9C0384414BC326CD8C83406E2761B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Western to eastern margin of South Africa, off Gansbaai extending towards Scottburgh; 36 - 365 m. Elsewhere: No other distributional records are known.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
4552B8C6B58069B2E3AAE4D9C85C7425.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Corallum solitary, attached, straight, and elongate-conical to trochoid. Base monocyclic. Septotheca costate. Pedicel and base thick. Pali may be present, indistinguishable from columella. Columella papillose.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
207EBD2CBAB0C17F621BE79141AF3412.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Corallum solitary and compressed-cylindrical. Transverse division present, resulting in an anthocyathus with a basal scar almost as large as calicular diameter. Thecal spines absent. Three to four cycles of non-exsert septa. Calicular edge smooth. Columella well developed, trabecular.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
C496504ED2EBDE31BA02074F51868ECC.taxon	description	Fig. 12 C, D	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
C496504ED2EBDE31BA02074F51868ECC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. USNM 91772 (3 specimens): Eastern margin, 28 km from Scottburgh / 21 km off Mkomazi Estuary, 30 ° 11 ' 59.99 " S, 32 ° 01 ' 00.00 " E; 1360 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
C496504ED2EBDE31BA02074F51868ECC.taxon	description	Description. Corallum compressed, cylindrical and robust. Thecal faces parallel. Calice elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.2 - 1.3), with a smooth calicular margin. Largest specimen examined 6.4 x 5.0 mm in CD, and 3 mm in H. Costae wide and flat. Intercostal striae narrow. Reported to bear chevron-shape growth lines peaking at each costae and a large basal scar. However, examined specimens are eroded and these features are not visible. Corallum white. Septa hexamerally arranged in four cycles according to the formula: S 1 - 2> S 3> S 4 (42 septa). S 1 - 2 have vertical and slightly sinuous axial margin. S 3 dimorphic in development: when flanked by a pair of S 4, S 3 being 1 / 4 smaller than S 1 - 2, and bear smooth axial margin that fuse to columella. However, unflanked S 3 being 3 / 4 smaller than S 1 - 2, and bear finely serrated axial margin. S 4 rudimentary. All septa are non-exsert and widely spaced. Fossa deep and elongated, containing a trabecular columella.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
C496504ED2EBDE31BA02074F51868ECC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off Scottburgh extending towards Port St. Johns; 930 - 1660 m. Elsewhere: Madagascar (Cairns and Keller 1993); Australia (Cairns and Parker 1992); Japan (Cairns 1994); Philippines; Indonesia (Alcock 1902 a, 1902 b; Cairns and Zibrowius 1997); New Caledonia (Kitahara and Cairns 2021); 462 - 1628 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
2DB612A7833E6541B22013293A9288F4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Corallum colonial. Corallites cylindrical to slightly conical bud from a common coenosteum or from stolons. Septotheca costate. Three to four cycles of septa. Pali present before all but last septal cycle. Columella papillose.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
90EEDB8A596A74E0D57C79BFDB5C5CD3.taxon	description	Fig. 4 L, M	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
90EEDB8A596A74E0D57C79BFDB5C5CD3.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. USNM 91677 (1 colony): Eastern margin, 33 km from Port Dunford / 35 km off Mlalazi Estuary, 29 ° 10 ' 59.99 " S, 32 ° 01 ' 59.99 " E; 69 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
90EEDB8A596A74E0D57C79BFDB5C5CD3.taxon	description	Description. The colony consists of 12 ceratoid to cylindrical corallites that reach ≤ 4.9 mm in H, and bud from a common coenosteum. Calice circular to slightly elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.0 - 1.1), calicular margin thin and serrated. Theca glistening and covered by low-profile granules. Costae poorly developed. Corallum predominantly beige; but pali, columella, and base white. Septa hexamerally arranged in four cycles, the last cycle being incomplete, according to the formula: S 1 ≥ S 2> S 3> S 4 (≤ 34 septa). S 1 most exsert, and as wide or only slightly wider than S 2. Both S 1 - 2 with sinuous axial margin, bearing pali which are as thick as septa. S 3 not exsert, 3 / 4 the width of S 1 - 2, and have vertical axial margin. S 4 rudimentary. Septal faces granulated and slightly sinuous. Pali present and distinct in all but last septal cycle (14 - 16 pali). Half-systems with S 4, P 3 sometimes join neighbouring P 2 resulting in a V-shaped appearance. All paliform lobes terminate at same level and form a crown encircling columella. Paliform lobes sometimes indistinguishable from columellar elements. Fossa of moderate depth containing a papillose columella composed of a group of fairly spaced rods.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
90EEDB8A596A74E0D57C79BFDB5C5CD3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin, Port Dunford; 69 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
CA012853022FFC771B6F429C9DE85447.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Corallum solitary, conical to subcylindrical (sometimes scolecoid), and attached. Epitheca well developed, covering basal synapticulotheca; coenosteum distal to epitheca covered with thin, hispid ridges. Septa arranged in normal insertion pattern (not Pourtales plan); three or four cycles of septa; axial margins of S 1 highly sinuous. Columella absent. Endothecal dissepiments absent.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
6038A627E77D3DA200340DBF774B9652.taxon	description	Fig. 10 E-H	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
6038A627E77D3DA200340DBF774B9652.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. DEFF _ AI 2 - INV 135 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 37 km from Cintsa / 21 km off Cwili Estuary, 32 ° 49 ' 59.99 " S, 28 ° 30 ' 00.00 " E; 228 m. DSCS-INV 124 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 192 km from Agulhas / 198 km off De Mond-Heuningnes Estuary, 36 ° 15 ' 34.13 " S, 21 ° 11 ' 46.61 " E; 513 m. DSCS-INV 364 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 68 km from Cape St. Francis / 70 km off Slang Estuary, 34 ° 47 ' 35.77 " S, 24 ° 38 ' 35.69 " E; 520 m. DSCS-INV 424 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 65 km from Cape St. Francis / 78 km off Slang Estuary, 34 ° 43 ' 40.13 " S, 25 ° 08 ' 53.47 " E; 622 m. DSCS-INV 425 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 65 km from Cape St. Francis / 78 km off Slang Estuary, 34 ° 43 ' 40.13 " S, 25 ° 08 ' 53.47 " E; 622 m. DSCS-INV 477 (2 specimens): Southern margin, 58 km from Port Alfred / 35 km off Mgwalana Estuary, 33 ° 39 ' 10.19 " S, 27 ° 29 ' 57.58 " E; 304 m. DSCS-INV 516 (17 specimens): Southern margin, 58 km from Port Alfred / 35 km off Mgwalana Estuary, 33 ° 39 ' 10.19 " S, 27 ° 29 ' 57.58 " E; 304 m. DSCS-INV 569 (8 specimens): Southern margin, 65 km from Cape St. Francis / 70 km off Slang Estuary, 34 ° 47 ' 05.01 " S, 24 ° 45 ' 42.30 " E; 304 m. SAMC _ A 073015 (3 specimens): Southern margin, 32 km from Mazeppa Bay / 19 km MenduEstuary, 32 ° 25 ' 00.11 " S, 28 ° 58 ' 18.11 " E; 330 - 340 m. SAMC _ A 073042 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 53 km from Shaka's Rock / 46 km off Zinkwasi Estuary, 29 ° 32 ' 53.88 " S, 31 ° 47 ' 12.11 " E; 200 m. SAMC _ A 073105 (3 specimens): Eastern margin, 36 km from Cape Vidal / 32 km off Mgobezeleni Estuary, 27 ° 48 ' 54.00 " S, 32 ° 38 ' 24.00 " E; 52 m. SAMC _ A 073157 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 10 km from Port Edward / 24 km off Bilanhlolo Estuary, 31 ° 05 ' 48.11 " S, 30 ° 18 ' 47.88 " E; 140 m. SAMC _ A 073158 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 10 km from Port Edward / 24 km off Bilanhlolo Estuary, 31 ° 05 ' 48.11 " S, 30 ° 18 ' 47.88 " E; 140 m. SAMC _ A 073159 (2 specimens): Southern margin, 37 km from Mazeppa Bay / 15 km off Mendu Estuary, 32 ° 20 ' 35.87 " S, 29 ° 00 ' 11.87 " E; 100 m. SAMC _ A 073172 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 36 km from Coffee Bay / 20 km off Ntlonyane Estuary, 32 ° 18 ' 11.88 " S, 29 ° 06 ' 11.88 " E; 550 m. SAMC _ A 073180 (5 specimens): Southern margin, 33 km from Mazeppa Bay / 24 km off Cwili Estuary, 32 ° 45 ' 47.88 " S, 28 ° 36 ' 24.12 " E; 240 - 250 m. SAMC _ A 073269 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 40 km from Port St. Johns / 13 km off Mkweni Estuary, 31 ° 30 ' 09.00 " S, 29 ° 55 ' 47.99 " E; 300 m. SAMC _ A 090113 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 98 km from Gansbaai / 103 km off Buffels Oos Estuary, 35 ° 15 ' 18.00 " S, 18 ° 39 ' 18.00 " E; 547 m. SAMC _ A 090152 (4 specimens): 116 km from Knysna / off Goukamma Estuary, 35 ° 07 ' 11.34 " S, 23 ° 02 ' 41.91 " E; 333 m. SAM _ H 1379 (2 specimens): Southern margin, 3 km from East London / 1 km off Buffalo Estuary, 33 ° 01 ' 29.99 " S, 27 ° 55 ' 00.00 " E; 549 m. SAM _ H 1687 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 17 km from St. Lucia Estuary / 16 km off Mfolozi Estuary, 28 ° 21 ' 53.99 " S, 32 ° 34 ' 36.00 " E; 775 - 825 m. SAM _ H 2827 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 14 km from Cape Vidal / 21 km off St Lucia Estuary, 28 ° 04 ' 00.00 " S, 32 ° 40 ' 47.99 " E; 550 m. SAM _ H 2829 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 11 km from East London / 5 km off Gouda Estuary, 33 ° 05 ' 03.24 " S, 27 ° 49 ' 33.40 " E; 146 - 238 m. SAM _ H 2830 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 14 km from Mazeppa Bay / 20 km off Great Kei Estuary, 32 ° 34 ' 00.00 " S, 28 ° 33 ' 00.00 " E; 174 m. SAM _ H 2831 (14 specimens): Southern margin, 28 km from CINSTA / 3 km off Morgan Estuary, 32 ° 42 ' 31.81 " S, 28 ° 21 ' 54.38 " E; 159 m. SAM _ H 2842 (9 specimens): Eastern margin, 18 km from Cape Vidal / 27 km off Mfolozi Estuary, 28 ° 16 ' 18.00 " S, 32 ° 38 ' 48.00 " E; 670 m. SAM _ H 3032 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 36 km from Port Shepstone / 29 km off Mhlabatshane Estuary, 30 ° 43 ' 11.99 " S, 30 ° 48 ' 47.99 " E; 780 m. SAM _ H 3033 (4 specimens): Eastern margin, 19 km from Margate / off Bilanhlolo Estuary, 30 ° 56 ' 59.99 " S, 30 ° 31 ' 41.99 " E; 850 m. SAM _ H 3109 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 23 km from St. Lucia Estuary / 21 km off Mfolozi Estuary, 28 ° 31 ' 41.99 " S, 32 ° 34 ' 00.00 " E; 680 m. SAM _ H 3135 (6 specimens): Southern margin, 40 km from Cintsa / 29 km off Cwili Estuary, 32 ° 55 ' 00.00 " S, 28 ° 31 ' 00.00 " E; 630 m. SAM _ H 3136 (18 specimens): Eastern margin, 28 km from Coffee Bay / 19 km off Bulungulu Estuary, 32 ° 14 ' 53.99 " S, 29 ° 10 ' 23.99 " E; 620 - 560 m. SAM _ H 3137 (9 specimens): Southern margin, 32 km off Mazeppa Bay / 24 km off Kobole Estuary, 32 ° 28 ' 36.00 " S, 28 ° 58 ' 48.00 " E; 710 - 775 m. SAM _ H 3138 (11 specimen): Eastern margin, 30 km from Scottburgh / 20 km off Fafa Estuary, 30 ° 33 ' 24.00 " S, 30 ° 48 ' 35.99 " E; 690 m. SAM _ H 3139 (2 specimens): Southern margin, 29 km from Mazeppa Bay / 25 km off Kobole Estuary, 32 ° 29 ' 30.00 " S, 28 ° 57 ' 06.00 " E; 650 - 700 m. SAM _ H 3157 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 30 km from Coffee Bay / 21 km off Bulungulu Estuary, 32 ° 15 ' 24.00 " S, 29 ° 09 ' 42.00 " E; 600 - 650 m. SAM _ H 3209 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 14 km from Cape Vidal / 21 km off St Lucia Estuary, 28 ° 04 ' 00.00 " S, 32 ° 40 ' 47.99 " E; 550 m. SAM _ H 4244 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 48 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 32 km off Kosi Bay Estuary, 27 ° 16 ' 48.00 " S, 32 ° 49 ' 23.99 " E; 400 m. SAM _ H 4245 (5 specimens): Eastern margin, 18 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 20 km off Kosi-Kumpungwini (Sifungwe) Estuary, 26 ° 55 ' 30.00 " S, 33 ° 02 ' 48.12 " E; 500 m. SAM _ H 4246 (4 specimens): Eastern margin, 15 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 17 km off Kosi-Kumpungwini (Sifungwe) Estuary, 26 ° 55 ' 30.00 " S, 33 ° 01 ' 05.88 " E; 370 m. SAM _ H 4247 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 8 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 7 km off Kosi-Kumpungwini (Sifungwe) Estuary, 26 ° 55 ' 18.12 " S, 32 ° 55 ' 05.88 " E; 50 m. SAM _ H 4592 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 32 km off Mazeppa Bay / 24 km off Kobole Estuary, 32 ° 28 ' 36.00 " S, 28 ° 58 ' 48.00 " E; 710 - 775 m. USNM 77237 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 46 km from Port Dunford / 45 km off Nyoni Estuary, 29 ° 19 ' 00.00 " S, 32 ° 00 ' 00.00 " E; 366 m. USNM 91791 (4 specimens, sub-sample of SAM _ H 3136): Eastern margin, 28 km from Coffee Bay / 19 km off Bulungulu Estuary, 32 ° 14 ' 53.99 " S, 29 ° 10 ' 23.99 " E; 620 - 560 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
6038A627E77D3DA200340DBF774B9652.taxon	description	Description. Corallum variable in shape, ranging from conical to subcylindrical, sometimes scolecoid, but always attached to substrate by a robust pedicel (PD: GCD = 0.3 - 0.6) that expands into a thin encrusting base. Calice circular to slightly elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.0 - 1.1), with a slightly serrate calicular margin. Theca thick and uniformly hispid. Costae absent. Lower epitheca well developed, covering synapticulotheca, covered in granules. Corallum white. Septa hexamerally arranged in four complete cycles according to the formula: S 1> S 2> S 4> S 3 (48 septa). S 1 most exsert. S 2 slightly less exsert than S 1, and being 3 / 4 the width of S 1. Both S 1 and S 2 bearing straight to slightly sinuous axial margins. Higher cycle septa (S 3 - 4) becoming progressively less exsert and smaller. S 3 is 1 / 2 the width and less sinuous than S 2. S 4 rudimentary, and bear the least sinuous but slightly dentate axial margins. Septal faces granular. Fossa deep, containing a rudimentary columella.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
6038A627E77D3DA200340DBF774B9652.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Southern to eastern margin of South Africa, extending from off Gansbaai towards Kosi-Kumpungwini (Sifungwe) Estuary (8 km south of Ponta Do Ouro: Mozambique); 50 - 775 m. Elsewhere: Only known from South Africa.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
134AB59BA961FD114C726C6C7432D76D.taxon	description	Fig. 10 I, J	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
134AB59BA961FD114C726C6C7432D76D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. ORI _ EIg 3 (10 specimens), SAMC _ A 072994 (3 specimens): Locality data unknown. SAMC _ A 073016 (3 specimens): Eastern margin, 31 km from Richards Bay / 46 km Mlalazi Estuary, 29 ° 00 ' 54.00 " S, 32 ° 15 ' 35.99 " E; 500 m. SAM _ H 1497 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 3 km from Agulhas / 16 km off De Mond-Heuningnes Estuary, 34 ° 49 ' 52.54 " S, 20 ° 00 ' 49.88 " E; depth unknown. SAM _ H 1498 (1 specimen):): Southern margin, 3 km from Agulhas / 16 km off De Mond-Heuningnes Estuary, 34 ° 49 ' 52.54 " S, 20 ° 00 ' 49.88 " E; depth unknown. SAM _ H 3041 (6 specimens): Southern margin, 2 km from Mosselbaai / 10 km off Hartenbos Estuary, 34 ° 10 ' 37.57 " S, 22 ° 09 ' 19.14 " E; 55 m. SAM _ H 3366 (6 specimens): Southern margin, 15 km from Port Elizabeth / 16 km off Bakens River Estuary, 33 ° 49 ' 59.99 " S, 25 ° 40 ' 00.00 " E; depth unknown.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
134AB59BA961FD114C726C6C7432D76D.taxon	description	Description. Reptoid colonies formed by ceratoid to cylindrical, straight to slightly curved corallites attached through a pedicel that expands into a thin encrusting base. Corallites united by narrow basal stolons. Calice circular to slightly elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.0 - 1.2), calicular margin lanceted. Largest specimen examined (SAM _ H 1497) 6.3 x 5.3 mm in CD, and 13.4 mm in H. Epitheca variable in development: in some corallites epitheca reaches calicular margin, but in other corallites it is restricted to base. Costae conspicuous below theca, being equal in width and covered with fine, pointed, and randomly arranged granules. Intercostal striae porous and thin. Corallum white. Septa hexamerally arranged in four cycles according to the formula: S 1 ≥ S 2> S 4> S 3 (≤ 48 septa). S 1 - 2 independent. S 1 most exsert, extending to columella with dentate axial margins. S 2 slightly less exsert, sometimes slightly less wide, but otherwise similar in profile as S 1. Higher cycle septa (S 3 - 4) progressively less exsert, if at all. S 3 is 1 / 3 the width of S 2, with straight to slightly sinuous axial margins. S 4 3 / 4 wider than S 3, merging towards flanked S 3 and again in front of S 2 before joining columella as one septum. S 4 axial margins the most dentate (but with fewer teeth). Septa commonly closely packed, with all septal faces being granular. Fossa of moderate depth, containing a spongy columella.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
134AB59BA961FD114C726C6C7432D76D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Southern and eastern margin of South Africa, from Pringle Bay extending towards Richards Bay; 40 - 500 m. Elsewhere: Only known from South Africa.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
97BCD29311D1E102BDED648508E9E3DF.taxon	description	Fig. 10 K, L	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
97BCD29311D1E102BDED648508E9E3DF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. ORI _ EIa 2 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 14 km from Durban / 12 km off Mbokodweni Estuary, 29 ° 58 ' 00.00 " S, 31 ° 01 ' 59.99 " E; 49 m. ORI _ EIa 6 (40 specimens), ORICH _ 1 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, other locality data unknown. SAMC _ A 072979 (20 specimens): Southern margin, 21 km off Port Elizabeth / 16 km off Bakens River Estuary, 33 ° 58 ' 59.99 " S, 25 ° 46 ' 59.99 " E; 90 m. SAMC _ A 073033 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 28 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 17 km off Kosi Bay Estuary, 27 ° 06 ' 18.00 " S, 32 ° 52 ' 00.12 " E; 50 m. SAMC _ A 073041 (1 specimen): 24 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 16 off Kosi Bay Estuary, 27 ° 04 ' 00.00 " S, 32 ° 52 ' 59.99 " E; 69 m. SAMC _ A 073081 (6 specimens): Eastern margin, 27 km from Richards Bay / 40 km off Mlalazi Estuary, 29 ° 00 ' 24.11 " S, 32 ° 12 ' 00.00 " E; 152 m. SAMC _ A 073083 (6 specimens): Eastern margin, 28 km from Richards Bay / 40 km off Mlalazi Estuary, 29 ° 00 ' 54.00 " S, 32 ° 12 ' 06.12 " E; 215 m. SAMC _ A 073136 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 39 km from Cape Vidal / 29 km off Mgobezeleni Estuary, 27 ° 47 ' 23.99 " S, 32 ° 38 ' 53.87 " E; 65 - 70 m. SAMC _ A 073192 (3 specimens): Eastern margin, 69 km from Cape Vidal / 7 km off Mgobezeleni Estuary, 27 ° 31 ' 48.00 " S, 32 ° 42 ' 47.99 " E; 70 m. SAMC _ A 073199 (1 specimen, sub-sample of USNM 91800): Eastern margin, 17 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 11 km off Kosi-Kumpungwini (Sifungwe) Estuary, 27 ° 00 ' 17.99 " S, 32 ° 55 ' 18.12 " E; 67 m. SAMC _ A 073204 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 67 km from Cape Vidal / 7 km off Mgobezeleni Estuary, 27 ° 32 ' 48.12 " S, 32 ° 42 ' 36.00 " E; 68 m. SAMC _ A 073208 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 16 km from St. Lucia Estuary / 17 km off Mfolozi Estuary, 28 ° 17 ' 30.11 " S, 32 ° 32 ' 35.88 " E; 50 m. SAMC _ A 073221 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 68 km from Cape Vidal / 5 off Mgobezeleni Estuary, 27 ° 31 ' 59.99 " S, 32 ° 42 ' 00.00 " E; 77 m. SAMC _ A 090105 (2 specimens): Locality data unknown. SAMC _ A 090112 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 11 km from Pringle Bay / 8 km off Buffels Oos Estuary, 34 ° 16 ' 29.99 " S, 18 ° 49 ' 29.99 " E; 14 - 17 m. SAM _ H 1373 (5 specimens): Western margin, 14 km from Cape Town / 13 km off Diep Estuary, 33 ° 57 ' 31.20 " S, 18 ° 22 ' 20.64 " E; depth unknown. SAM _ H 1375 (1 specimen): Western margin, 14 km from Cape Town / 13 km off Diep Estuary, 33 ° 57 ' 31.20 " S, 18 ° 22 ' 20.64 " E; 44 m. SAM _ H 1380 (2 specimens): Southern margin, 16 km from Cape Point / 8 km off Elsies Estuary, 34 ° 12 ' 59.05 " S, 18 ° 27 ' 57.32 " E; 40 m. SAM _ H 1414 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 16 km from Cape Point / 8 km off Elsies Estuary, 34 ° 12 ' 59.05 " S, 18 ° 27 ' 57.32 " E; depth unknown. SAM _ H 1686 (6 specimens): Southern margin, 16 km from Cape Point / 8 km off Elsies Estuary, 34 ° 12 ' 59.05 " S, 18 ° 27 ' 57.32 " E; depth unknown. SAM _ H 2844 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 6 km from Kenton On Sea / 5 km off Boknes Estuary, 33 ° 43 ' 07.59 " S, 26 ° 37 ' 37.95 " E; 90 m. SAM _ H 4578 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 6 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 9 km off Kosi-Kumpungwini (Sifungwe) Estuary, 26 ° 53 ' 30.00 " S, 32 ° 55 ' 36.00 " E; 51 m. SAM _ H 4579 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 42 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 27 km off Kosi Bay Estuary, 27 ° 13 ' 30.00 " S, 32 ° 49 ' 30.00 " E; 74 m. USNM 91807 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 38 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 23 km off Kosi Bay Estuary, 27 ° 11 ' 17.99 " S, 32 ° 50 ' 14.39 " E; 78 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
97BCD29311D1E102BDED648508E9E3DF.taxon	description	Description. Colony irregularly shaped, composed of corallites interconnected by narrow stolons, or composed of small corallites budding from lower edge zone of larger corallites. Corallites ceratoid to cylindrical, bearing elliptical calices (GCD: LCD = 1.4 - 1.8), calicular margin lanceted. Largest colony examined (ORI _ EIa 6) consists of 20 corallites. Largest corallite (SAMC _ A 073041) 20.2 x 13.0 mm in CD, and 33.5 mm in H. If present, epitheca thin. Costae conspicuous throughout corallum, equal in width, covered with fine, pointed, and randomly arranged granules. Intercostal striae thin and deep. Corallum white. Septa hexamerally arranged in five cycles according to the formula: S 1 ≥ S 2> S 3> S 5> S 4, with occasional pairs of S 6 in half-systems (≤ 112 septa). S 1 - 2 both independent, most exsert, reaching columella with straight and smooth axial margins that become dentate deep in fossa. S 3 slightly less to as exsert as S 1 - 2, but having only 1 / 2 the width of S 1 - 2, but otherwise similar in profile. Higher cycle septa (S 4 - 5) progressively less exsert, if at all. S 41 / 3 the width of S 3, and have the least dentate lower axial margins. S 5 3 / 4 wider than S 4, merging towards S 4 before joining columella as one septum. S 5 axial margins dentate to laciniate. S 6, if present, restricted to calicular margin. Septa commonly closely packed, with all septal faces being granular. Pali absent. Fossa of moderate depth, containing a spongy columella that fuses with axial margins of all septa except S 4 (and S 6 if present).	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
97BCD29311D1E102BDED648508E9E3DF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Western to eastern margin of South Africa, extending from off Cape Town towards Kosi-Kumpungwini (Sifungwe) Estuary (9 km south of Ponta Do Ouro: Mozambique); 40 - 215 m. Elsewhere: Gulf of Oman (Sheppard and Sheppard 1991; Cairns and Keller 1993); Mozambique (Cairns and Keller 1993); 35 - 110 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
07769710A18A4DE3BCDA9D58E843DF2D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small reptoid colonies produced by extra-tentacular stoloniferous budding. Synapticulotheca of finely granular costae, often covered with epitheca. Pourtales plan present; pali absent. Columella spongy, usually small. Endotheca absent.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
E9723A3CFFB24217462665BFEE80FF36.taxon	description	Fig. 10 M, N	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
E9723A3CFFB24217462665BFEE80FF36.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SAMC _ A 073042 (8 specimens): Eastern margin, 53 km from Shaka's Rock / 46 km off Zinkwasi Estuary, 29 ° 32 ' 53.88 " S, 31 ° 47 ' 12.11 " E; 200 m. SAMC _ A 073157 (5 specimens): Eastern margin, 10 km from Port Edward / 24 km off Bilanhlolo Estuary, 31 ° 05 ' 48.11 " S, 30 ° 18 ' 47.88 " E; 140 m. SAMC _ A 073197 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 18 km from St. Lucia Estuary / 15 km off Mfolozi Estuary, 28 ° 31 ' 48.00 " S, 32 ° 26 ' 06.00 " E; 160 - 180 m. SAMC _ A 073198 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 10 km from Shaka's Rock / 12 km off Mhlali Estuary, 29 ° 32 ' 12.00 " S, 31 ° 19 ' 47.99 " E; 50 m. SAM _ H 1502 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 14 km from Richards Bay / 23 km off Mlalazi Estuary, 28 ° 52 ' 59.99 " S, 32 ° 01 ' 00.00 " E; 165 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
E9723A3CFFB24217462665BFEE80FF36.taxon	description	Description. Colony consists of corallites interconnected by narrow stolons, and composed of small corallites budding from upper margin zone of larger corallites. Corallites ceratoid to cylindrical. Largest examined corallite (SAMC _ A 073198) 9.3 x 8.8 mm in CD, and 21.5 mm in H. Epitheca thin, if present. Costae granular, conspicuous throughout corallum, and equal in width. Intercostal striae thin, porous. Corallum white. Septa hexamerally arranged in four cycles according to the formula: S 1> S 2 ≥ S 4> S 3 (48 septa). S 1 - 2 independent, most exsert, and joining columella deeper in fossa with straight axial margins. S 2 slightly less wide than S 1. Higher cycle septa (S 3 - 4) progressively less exsert. S 31 / 3 the width of S 2, and bear laciniate axial margins. In complete half-systems a pair of S 4 meets before S 3 and joins columella as one septum. S 4 axial margins dentate to laciniate. Septa appearing loosely packed, with all septal faces covered with granules. Pali absent. Fossa of moderate depth, containing a spongy columella.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
E9723A3CFFB24217462665BFEE80FF36.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, extending from off Port Edward towards St Lucia; 50 - 200 m. Elsewhere: Philippines (Cairns and Zibrowius 1997); Indonesia (van der Horst 1922; Cairns and Zibrowius 1997); New Caledonia (Kitahara and Cairns 2021); Galapagos Islands (Cairns 1991); Cocos Island (Durham 1962); Mozambique? (MacNae and Kalk 1958); 2 - 700 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
902974F0F2DA815AEF87B35F1DE9F140.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Colonies formed by extra-tentacular budding from a common basal coenosteum. Corallite base increase in diameter by adding exothecal dissepiments over raised costae producing concentric rings of partitioned chambers that resemble polycyclic development. Septotheca costate and granular. Septal axial margins smooth. Paliform lobes occur before penultimate septal cycle. Columella papillose or lamellar. Vesicular endotheca present.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
5847355BFDCCF463D752AB917FF1CDCD.taxon	description	Fig. 4 N, O	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
5847355BFDCCF463D752AB917FF1CDCD.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. USNM 91689 (3 specimens): Eastern margin, 42 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 27 km off Kosi Bay Estuary, 27 ° 13 ' 30.00 " S, 32 ° 49 ' 30.00 " E; 74 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
5847355BFDCCF463D752AB917FF1CDCD.taxon	description	Description. Adapted from Cairns and Keller 1993: Colony phaceloid. Corallites trochoid, firmly attached through a massive pedicle (PD: GCD = 0.03), that expands into a thin encrusting base. Lower pedicel reinforced by concentric rings of hollow chambers. Calice elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.18), with a jagged calicular margin. Holotype (USNM 91681) 31 x 26.20 mm in CD, 16.80 mm in PD, and 25 mm in H. Costae equal and bearing low and rounded granules. Intercostal striae shallow. Corallum white. Septa arranged in five cycles according to the formula: S 1> S 2> S 3> S 4> S 5. S 1 moderately exsert, and extend to columella with vertical to straight axial margins. Higher cycle septa (S 2 - 5) progressively less exsert and less wide, except for those S 5 adjacent to S 1 which are more exsert than S 4. Axial margins of S 2 also straight, but those of S 3 - 4 slightly sinuous. S 5 rudimentary and irregular in profile (i. e., may be straight to slightly sinuous or sinuous to dentate). All septal faces smooth, bearing only sparsely spaced low-profile granules. Small pali present before penultimate cycle, usually indistinguishable from columellar elements. Fossa deep and bearing endothecal dissepiments. Columella trabecular, composed of an irregular group of intertwined elements.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
5847355BFDCCF463D752AB917FF1CDCD.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off Kosi Bay Estuary (41 km south of Ponta Do Ouro: Mozambique); 75 m. Elsewhere: Mozambique; Madagascar (Cairns and Keller 1993); Philippines (Cairns and Zibrowius 1997); New Caledonia (Kitahara and Cairns 2021); 66 - 996 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
F82C6F37155E5AD16BD251233E3C2EA6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Corallum ceratoid to turbinate or compressed. Transverse division absent. Pedicel small and not reinforced by stereome; however, two to twenty slender hollow rootlets anchor corallum base. Thecal spines absent. Three to six cycles of non-exsert septa, the lower septal cycle being usually highly concave near calicular edge. Pali absent. Columella rudimentary.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
B5578C63B6CB3EADE0454D1AFAA06F85.taxon	description	Fig. 12 E-H	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
B5578C63B6CB3EADE0454D1AFAA06F85.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. ORI _ DIIb 3 (in part: 1 specimen): Locality data unknown, 27 m. ORI _ DIIc 1 (4 specimens), SAMC _ A 072990 (1 specimen): Locality data unknown. SAMC _ A 073048 (1 specimen): Locality data unknown; SAMC _ A 073194 (2 specimens): Southern margin, 5 km from Gonubie / 3 km off Gqunube Estuary, 32 ° 57 ' 11.87 " S, 28 ° 02 ' 48.12 " E; 30 m. SAMC _ A 073247 (3 specimens): Eastern margin, 34 km from Coffee Bay / 7 km off Ntlonyane Estuary, 32 ° 15 ' 11.99 " S, 28 ° 57 ' 41.99 " E; 160 m. SAM _ A 90094 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 34 km from Coffee Bay / 16 km from Ntlonyane Estuary, 32 ° 16 ' 59.99 " S, 29 ° 03 ' 59.99 " E; 160 m. UCTES _ SCD 39 B (3 specimens): Eastern margin, 34 km from Coffee Bay / 16 km from Ntlonyane Estuary, 32 ° 16 ' 59.99 " S, 29 ° 03 ' 59.99 " E; 160 m	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
B5578C63B6CB3EADE0454D1AFAA06F85.taxon	description	Description. Corallum conical, robust, and attached to substrate by a slender and non-reinforced pedicel (<3 mm in D). Calice irregularly elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.2 - 1.5), with thin, smooth, and flared calicular margin. Largest specimen examined (SAMC _ A 072990) 14.4 x 9.8 mm in CD, and 21.1 mm in H. Theca thin and usually encrusted, lower theca bears numerous (> 5) hollow rootlets that improve corallum anchoring (rootlets of examined specimens broken). Costae equally wide but poorly developed. Intercostal striae shallow. Transversal chevron-shaped growth lines present from calicular margin towards pedicel. Corallum predominantly white, becoming light-beige from lower theca towards base. Septa hexamerally arranged in six cycles, last being incomplete, according to the formula: S 1 - 2> S 3> S 4> S 5> S 6. However, specimens examined also have fifth cycle incomplete (totalling 78 - 89 septa). S 1 - 2 equal in width and have straight and vertical axial margin, which become slightly sinuous deeper in the fossa. Higher cycle septa (S 3 - 5) progressively smaller, and bearing slightly sinuous axial margins. S 6 if present rudimentary, but, if absent, then S 5 rudimentary. Septal faces finely granulated. Fossa deep, with rudimentary or absent columella.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
B5578C63B6CB3EADE0454D1AFAA06F85.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Southern and eastern margin of South Africa, off Gonubie extending Coffee Bay; 30 - 160 m. Elsewhere: Andaman Islands; Bay of Bengal (Alcock 1893); Red Sea (von Marenzeller 1907); Japan (Cairns 1989 b, 1994); South China Sea; Philippines; Indonesia (Cairns and Zibrowius 1997); Vanuatu (Cairns 1999 a); New Caledonia (Kitahara and Cairns 2021); 20 - 1048 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
76DF899FC60D8E6406273669EBAA8EA7.taxon	description	Fig. 14 E, F	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
76DF899FC60D8E6406273669EBAA8EA7.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SAM _ H 1390 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 28 km from Port Alfred / 3 km off Old Woman's Estuary, 33 ° 30 ' 00.00 " S, 27 ° 08 ' 59.99 " E; 90 m. SAM _ H 1453 (3 specimens): Southern margin, 6 km from Kidds Beach / 5 km off Ncera Estuary, 33 ° 11 ' 59.99 " S, 27 ° 40 ' 59.99 " E; 79 m. SAM _ H 3126 (2 specimens): Southern margin, 15 km from Port Alfred / 11 km off Riet Estuary, 33 ° 39 ' 18.00 " S, 27 ° 01 ' 05.99 " E; 90 m. SAM _ H 3128 (1 specimen): 15 km from Port Alfred / 11 km off Riet Estuary, 33 ° 39 ' 18.00 " S, 27 ° 01 ' 36.00 " E; 90 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
76DF899FC60D8E6406273669EBAA8EA7.taxon	description	Description. Corallum discoidal (GCD: H = 3.1 - 3.9), with a flat to slightly concave or convex base. Septa imperforate, solid, and dentate. Largest specimen examined (SAM _ H 1453) 22.7 mm in CD and 5.8 mm in H. Calice circular, with finely serrated edges. Costae ridged and thin, with closely packed low profile granules resulting in serrated costae. Costal bifurcation alternates with septal pattern. Intercostal spaces porous, broader than costae, decreasing towards epicentre of base. Synapticular bars connect two costae to common adjacent septum, resulting in pores that also decrease in size towards epicentre of base. Septa gradually slope towards calicular margin, producing a narrow marginal shelf, which reaches a maximum of 2 mm. Corallum white. Septa arranged in typical micrabaciid fashion, with ≤ 144 septa. S 1 - 2 non-bifurcate and straight, with subsequent S 3 leading to multiple bifurcations. S 1 extend to columella with complex and uniform dentitions along septal margin, and bearing vertical vepreculae on lateral faces. S 2 also straight and extending to columella, but joined by S 3 near columella. Resulting S 2 - 3 fusion forming a delta with numerous spines. S 3 bifurcates repeatedly. First bifurcation produces two S 3 i on either side of S 2. Resultant edges of S 3 i adjacent to S 2 bifurcates three more times in which the first branching gives S 3 ii, second one S 3 iii, and last gives two S 3 iv. S 3 i adjacent to S 1 bifurcates six times, in which the first gives two S 3 iii, three S 3 iv, and two S 3 iv. All septa are predominantly solid, with S 3 being perforated at base and at bifurcations. Axial edge of S 1 - 2 and sometimes S 3, join the spongy columella.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
76DF899FC60D8E6406273669EBAA8EA7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Southern margin of South Africa, off Port Alfred extending towards Kidds Beach; 79 - 90 m. Elsewhere: Philippines; Indonesia (Cairns 1989 a; Cairns and Zibrowius 1997); Japan (Owens 1986 a); 424 - 852 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
1F6BEDAAD7AF75D1D66214003D5F0557.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Corallum solitary, discoidal, and free. Synapticulothecate. Broad marginal shelf present. Costae ridged, thin and dentate. Intercostal spaces broader than costae and penetrated by large pores. Septa imperforate, with complex dentitions. Septa alternate in position with costae. Septa arranged in typical micrabaciid pattern, having multiple bifurcations of S 3; number of septa a function of calicular diameter, varying between 99 and 144 in adult stage. Columella spongy.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
96E3C0CDFFBCACEEA7A94B81C793B6A1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Corallum firmly attached, colonial. Colony dendroid or sub-phaceloid formed by intratentacular budding. Stereome granular, costae sometimes correspond to first septal cycle. Tabular endothecal dissepiments. Columella small.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
E51E3A9A73B61C6F0DBC77578F39BB69.taxon	description	Fig. 4 P	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
E51E3A9A73B61C6F0DBC77578F39BB69.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. DSCS-INV 122 (1 fragment): Southern margin, 240 km from Agulhas / 247 km off De Mond-Heuningnes Estuary, 36 ° 45 ' 34.13 " S, 21 ° 12 ' 46.61 " E; 513 m. SAMC _ A 088916 (1 fragment): Southern margin, 280 km from Cape St. Francis / 287 km off Slang Estuary, 36 ° 43 ' 40.13 " S, 25 ° 08 ' 53.47 " E; 622 m. SAMC _ A 090142 (1 fragment): Southern margin, 240 km from Agulhas / 247 km off De Mond-Heuningnes Estuary, 36 ° 45 ' 34.13 " S, 21 ° 12 ' 46.61 " E; 513 m. SAMC _ A 090143 (1 fragment): Southern margin, 287 km from Cape St. Francis / 291 km off Slang Estuary, 36 ° 47 ' 35.77 " S, 24 ° 38 ' 35.69 " E; 520 m. SAM _ H 1397 (1 fragment): Southern margin, 3 km from East London / 1 km off Buffalo Estuary, 33 ° 01 ' 29.99 " S, 27 ° 55 ' 00.00 " E; 566 - 928 m. SAM _ H 2807 (1 fragment): Eastern margin, 20 km from Cape Vidal / 22 km off St Lucia Estuary, 27 ° 59 ' 04.99 " S, 32 ° 40 ' 08.00 " E; 550 m. SAM _ H 2840 (14 fragments): Eastern margin, 19 km from Cape Vidal / 22 km off St Lucia Estuary, 27 ° 59 ' 30.00 " S, 32 ° 40 ' 00.00 " E; 550 m. SAM _ H 3034 (13 fragments): Eastern margin, 36 km off Port Shepstone / 49 km off Mtentu Estuary, 30 ° 43 ' 11.99 " S, 30 ° 48 ' 47.99 " E; 900 m. SAM _ H 3035 (10 fragments): Eastern margin, 16 km from Port Shepstone / off Boboyi Estuary, 30 ° 49 ' 05.99 " S, 30 ° 34 ' 59.99 " E; 930 m. SAM _ H 3036 (21 fragments): Eastern margin, 36 km from Port Shepstone / 28 km off Mhlabatshane Estuary, 30 ° 43 ' 00.00 " S, 30 ° 48 ' 47.99 " E; 780 m. SAM _ H 3037 (1 fragment): Eastern margin, 17 km from Margate / off Boboyi Estuary, 30 ° 53 ' 24.00 " S, 30 ° 31 ' 41.99 " E; 850 m. SAM _ H 3140 (17 fragments): Southern margin, 26 km from Kidds Beach / 27 km off Ncera Estuary, 33 ° 19 ' 36.00 " S, 27 ° 52 ' 23.99 " E; 760 m. SAM _ H 3141 (13 fragments): Southern margin, 32 km off Mazeppa Bay / 24 km off Kobole Estuary, 32 ° 28 ' 36.00 " S, 28 ° 58 ' 48.00 " E; 710 - 775 m. SAM _ H 3142 (3 fragments): Southern margin, 22 km from Gonubie / 21 km off Gqunube Estuary, 33 ° 06 ' 00.00 " S, 28 ° 08 ' 17.99 " E; 700 - 650 m. SAM _ H 3158 (38 fragments): Southern margin, 40 km from Cintsa / 29 km off Cwili Estuary, 32 ° 55 ' 00.00 " S, 28 ° 31 ' 00.00 " E; 630 m. SAM _ H 3179 (1 fragment): Southern margin, 31 km from Port Alfred / 20 km off Kleinemond (Oos) Estuary, 33 ° 39 ' 24.00 " S, 27 ° 11 ' 42.00 " E; 86 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
E51E3A9A73B61C6F0DBC77578F39BB69.taxon	description	Description. Corallum bushy achieved by intra-tentacular budding. Budding dichotomous. Calice rarely exceeds 6 mm in CD. Coenosteum completely smooth or granular. Costae ridged, with granules arranged in a longitudinal manner. Corallum white and sometimes light brown. Septa hexamerally arranged in three or four cycles according to the formula: S 1> S 2> S 3> S 4. S 1 highly exsert and extend deep into fossa with straight axial margins. S 2 less exsert and 1 / 3 the width of S 1, but otherwise similar in profile. S 3 not exsert and forms in upper fossa, appearing rudimentary. S 4 usually absent, but when present has dentate or laciniate axial margin. Septal faces bear tall and slender granules. Tabular endothecal dissepiments common and widespread. Columella usually absent, but some corallites have a small spongy columella deep in fossa.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
E51E3A9A73B61C6F0DBC77578F39BB69.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Southern to eastern margin of South Africa, off Cape St. Francis extending towards Cape Vidal; 86 - 930 m. Elsewhere: Cosmopolitan, except from the continental Antarctica; 220 - 2165 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
339DDEFC974D2B166558754287C86A92.taxon	description	Fig. 15 G, H	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
339DDEFC974D2B166558754287C86A92.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. ORI _ DIIIi 2 (2 specimens), ORI _ DIIIi 3 (3 specimens), SAMC _ A 073226 (1 specimen), SAMC _ A 073075 (1 specimen): Locality data unknown. SAMC _ A 073232 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 21 km from Cape Point / 14 km off Sand Estuary, 34 ° 10 ' 59.99 " S, 18 ° 34 ' 59.99 " E; 42 m. SAMC _ A 073236 (4 specimens): Southern margin, 22 km from Cape Point / 4 km off Elsies Estuary, 34 ° 09 ' 59.99 " S, 18 ° 27 ' 29.99 " E; 24 m. SAMC _ A 090086 (14 specimens): Southern margin, 22 km from Cape Point / 4 km off Elsies Estuary, 34 ° 09 ' 59.99 " S, 18 ° 27 ' 29.99 " E; 24 m. SAMC _ A 090087 (3 specimens): Southern margin, 18 km from Cape Point / 16 km off Buffels Wes Estuary, 34 ° 13 ' 00.00 " S, 18 ° 34 ' 59.99 " E; 44 m. SAMC _ A 090088 (6 specimens): Southern margin, 80 km from Gouritsmond / 91 km off Blinde Estuary, 34 ° 59 ' 00.00 " S, 22 ° 18 ' 00.00 " E; 106 m. SAM _ H 1376 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 28 km from Port Alfred / 3 km off Old Womans' Estuary, 33 ° 30 ' 00.00 " S, 27 ° 08 ' 59.99 " E; 183 m. SAM _ H 1405 (1 specimen): Western margin, 51 km from Cape Point / 48 km off Krom Estuary, 34 ° 28 ' 59.87 " S, 17 ° 58 ' 00.11 " E; depth unknown. SAM _ H 1413 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 11 km from Kenton On Sea / 11 km off Boesmans Estuary, 33 ° 45 ' 19.99 " S, 26 ° 44 ' 19.99 " E; 79 - 80 m. SAM _ H 1480 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 35 km from Port Alfred / 5 km off Mpekweni Estuary, 33 ° 27 ' 59.99 " S, 27 ° 12 ' 59.99 " E; 97 m. SAM _ H 3204 (2 specimens): Southern margin, 6 km from Kenton On Sea / 5 km off Boknes Estuary, 33 ° 43 ' 07.59 " S, 26 ° 37 ' 37.95 " E; 90 m. SAM _ H 3205 (7 specimens): Southern margin, 37 km from Port Elizabeth / 32 km off Bakens River Estuary, 34 ° 05 ' 29.99 " S, 25 ° 55 ' 14.99 " E; 123 m. SAM _ H 3206 (3 specimens): Southern margin, 7 km from East London / 5 km off Buffalo Estuary, 33 ° 02 ' 59.99 " S, 27 ° 57 ' 00.00 " E; 59 m. SAM _ H 3207 (2 specimens): Southern margin, 47 km from Kidds Beach / 13 km off Bira Estuary, 33 ° 29 ' 03.99 " S, 27 ° 22 ' 59.99 " E; 80 m. SAM _ H 3208 (3 specimens): Southern margin, 31 km from Gonubie / off Gqunube Estuary, 33 ° 09 ' 59.99 " S, 28 ° 12 ' 00.00 " E; 90 m. SAM _ H 4243 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 16 km from Scottburgh / 12 km off Mkomazi Estuary, 30 ° 15 ' 00.00 " S, 30 ° 54 ' 18.00 " E; 100 m. SAM _ H 4590 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 16 km from Cape Point / 12 km off Elsies Estuary, 34 ° 13 ' 08.99 " S, 18 ° 31 ' 59.99 " E; 37 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
339DDEFC974D2B166558754287C86A92.taxon	description	Description. Corallum cuneiform, appearing swollen around theca in lateral view. Base rounded giving a V-shaped appearance in side view. Calice elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.4 - 2.8), with serrated calicular margin. Largest specimen examined (SAM _ H 4243) 8.6 x 3.4 mm in CD, and 10.5 mm in H. Costae smooth, well defined, each composed of two or more discontinuous ridges per septa. S 3 associated costae have three or four longer continuous ridges, which separate 5.0 mm above base. Intercostal striae vary with costae size and arrangement, appearing deep and narrow. Corallum white and sometimes orange. Septa hexamerally arranged in three cycles according to the formula: S 1 - 2> S 3 (24 septa). S 1 - 2 have straight axial margins. S 3 dimorphic in size: sometimes 2 / 3 the size of S 1 - 2 and bearing slightly sinuous axial margin or rudimentary. All septa thick and equally exsert. Septal thickening deposits connect septa to a solid lamellar columella deeper in fossa.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
339DDEFC974D2B166558754287C86A92.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Western to eastern margin of South Africa, from off Cape Point extending towards Scottburgh; 24 - 155 m. Elsewhere: Only known from South Africa; 24 - 165 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
BF4E363B9EB8D1A9D0EC24F470F5F627.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Sphenotrochus in which the costae are each composed of two or more irregular rows of short narrow ridges.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
23516094DA5BB89035A0715A0ACCA17B.taxon	description	Fig. 15 I, J	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
23516094DA5BB89035A0715A0ACCA17B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. DEFF _ SVMEC-INV 346: Southern margin, 96 km from PLETT / 95 km off Storms Estuary, 34 ° 52 ' 01.38 " S, 23 ° 46 ' 17.40 " E; 213 m. SAMC _ A 072997 (1 specimen): Locality data unknown. SAMC _ A 073073 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 29 km from Richards Bay / 20 km off Nhlabane Estuary, 28 ° 44 ' 23.99 " S, 32 ° 23 ' 12.11 " E; 320 - 340 m. SAMC _ A 073145 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 5 km from Cape Vidal / 16 km off St Lucia Estuary, 28 ° 08 ' 24.00 " S, 32 ° 36 ' 24.11 " E; 165 m. SAMC _ A 073160 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 27 km from Durban / 12 km off Mbokodweni Estuary, 30 ° 04 ' 59.88 " S, 31 ° 00 ' 24.11 " E; 100 m. SAMC _ A 073162 (4 specimens): Eastern margin, 19 km from Coffee Bay / 18 km off Mdumbi Estuary, 32 ° 02 ' 53.87 " S, 29 ° 19 ' 41.87 " E; 250 - 280 m. SAMC _ A 073168 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 37 km from Mazeppa Bay / 18 km off Mendu Estuary, 32 ° 22 ' 48.00 " S, 29 ° 00 ' 47.88 " E; 450 - 500 m. SAMC _ A 073172 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 36 km from Coffee Bay / 20 km off Ntlonyane Estuary, 32 ° 18 ' 11.88 " S, 29 ° 06 ' 11.88 " E; 550 m. SAMC _ A 073176 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 35 km from Durban / 26 km off Mbokodweni Estuary, 30 ° 07 ' 59.99 " S, 31 ° 03 ' 05.99 " E; 150 m. SAMC _ A 073237 (1 specimen): Southern margin, False Bay; depth unknown. SAMC _ A 087450 (1 specimen): Locality data unknown. SAMC _ A 090082 (3 specimens): Locality data unknown; 106 m. SAM _ H 817 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 2 km from Mosselbaai / 11 km off Hartenbos Estuary, 34 ° 11 ' 10.12 " S, 22 ° 09 ' 40.59 " E; 229 m. SAM _ H 1372 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 27 km from Mtunzini / 25 km off Matigulu Estuary, 29 ° 10 ' 36.00 " S, 31 ° 51 ' 00.00 " E; 115 m. SAM _ H 1385 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 2 km from Durban / 8 km off Umgeni Estuary, 29 ° 51 ' 59.99 " S, 31 ° 00 ' 00.00 " E; 101 m. SAM _ H 1401 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 13 km from East London / 10 km off Ngqenga Estuary, 33 ° 06 ' 44.99 " S, 27 ° 55 ' 44.99 " E; 79 m. SAM _ H 1404 (2 specimens): Southern margin, 2 km from Mosselbaai / 11 km off Hartenbos Estuary, 34 ° 11 ' 10.12 " S, 22 ° 09 ' 40.59 " E; 165 - 183 m. SAM _ H 1409 (3 specimens): Southern margin, 35 km from Port Alfred / 5 km off Mpekweni Estuary, 33 ° 27 ' 59.99 " S, 27 ° 12 ' 59.99 " E; 97 m. SAM _ H 1410 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 14 km from Cape Padrone / 26 km off Boknes Estuary, 33 ° 45 ' 59.99 " S, 26 ° 18 ' 59.99 " E; 90 m. SAM _ H 1411 (9 specimens): Southern margin, 7 km from East London / 5 km off Buffalo Estuary, 33 ° 02 ' 59.99 " S, 27 ° 57 ' 00.00 " E; 59 m. SAM _ H 1416 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 241 km from Agulhas / 247 km off De Mond-Heuningnes Estuary, 36 ° 39 ' 59.99 " S, 21 ° 25 ' 59.99 " E; 200 m. SAM _ H 1422 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 6 km from Kidds Beach / 5 km off Ncera Estuary, 33 ° 11 ' 59.99 " S, 27 ° 40 ' 59.99 " E; 79 m. SAM _ H 1424 (1 specimen): Southern margin, off East London; 95 m; SAM _ H 3197 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 846 km from Port St. Johns / 842 km off Mkweni Estuary, 36 ° 39 ' 59.99 " S, 21 ° 25 ' 59.99 " E; 366 m. SAM _ H 3202 (2 specimens): Southern margin, 18 km from Gonubie / off Gqunube Estuary, 29 ° 38 ' 59.99 " S, 31 ° 07 ' 59.99 " E; 90 m. SAM _ H 3203 (in part: 2 specimens): Southern margin, 48 km from Kidds Beach / 14 km off Bira Estuary, 33 ° 29 ' 24.00 " S, 27 ° 22 ' 59.99 " E; 80 m. SAM _ H 4589 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 46 km from Port Dunford / 45 km off Nyoni Estuary, 29 ° 19 ' 00.00 " S, 32 ° 00 ' 00.00 " E; 366 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
23516094DA5BB89035A0715A0ACCA17B.taxon	description	Description. Corallum cuneiform, appearing swollen. Base rounded or irregular in shape depending on the substrate. Calice elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.79 - 3.7), with calicular margin slightly serrated. Largest specimen examined (SAM _ H 1372) 7.7 x 2.8 mm in CD, and 13.8 mm in H. Costae smooth, well defined, each composed of a single longitudinal ridge near calicular margin, which overlaps with adjacent costae towards base. Costae sometimes discontinuous at base. Costae arrangement and size correspond to septa. Corallum white and sometimes orange. Septa hexamerally arranged in four cycles according to the formula: S 1> S 2> S 3> S 4 (48 septa). S 1 - 2 highly exsert and bear slightly sinuous axial margins. S 3 less exsert, 1 / 3 smaller than S 1 - 2, and have slightly dentate axial margins. S 4 rudimentary. All septal faces bear fine, regularly arranged granules. Columella solid, lamellar, and aligned with S 1. Columellar lamellae rise above septa.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
23516094DA5BB89035A0715A0ACCA17B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Western to eastern margin of South Africa, off Cape Vidal and extending towards St Lucia; 59 - 500 m. Elsewhere: No other geographical records are known.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
21D7D3C5D53755DDDBB22A13FF7FCA57.taxon	description	Fig. 15 K, L	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
21D7D3C5D53755DDDBB22A13FF7FCA57.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. ORI _ DIIIi 1 (3 specimens): Locality data unknown. SAMC _ A 090080 (3 specimens): Southern margin, 22 km from Cape Point / 4 km off Elsies Estuary, 34 ° 09 ' 59.99 " S, 18 ° 27 ' 29.99 " E; 24 m. SAMC _ A 090083 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 18 km from Cape Point / 16 km off Buffels Wes Estuary, 34 ° 13 ' 00.00 " S, 18 ° 35 ' 00.0 " E; 44 m. SAMC _ A 090085 (in part: 1 specimen): Locality data unknown; 43 m. SAM _ H 806 (8 specimens): Southern margin, 37 km from Port Elizabeth / 32 km off Bakens River Estuary, 34 ° 05 ' 29.99 " S, 25 ° 55 ' 14.99 " E; 20 m. SAM _ H 3200 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 19 km from Shaka's Rock / 3 km off Mdloti Estuary, 29 ° 38 ' 59.99 " S, 31 ° 07 ' 59.99 " E; 49 m. SAM _ H 3201 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 19 km from Shaka's Rock / 3 km off Mdloti Estuary, 29 ° 38 ' 59.99 " S, 31 ° 07 ' 59.99 " E; 71 - 73 m. SAM _ H 3202 (10 specimens): Southern margin, 18 km from Gonubie / off Gqunube Estuary, 29 ° 38 ' 59.99 " S, 31 ° 07 ' 59.99 " E; 90 m. SAM _ H 4584 (1 paratype): Eastern margin, 31 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 32 km off Kosi-Kumpungwini (Sifungwe) Estuary, 24 ° 48 ' 00 " S, 34 ° 59.00 " E; 42 m. USNM 77188 (12 paratypes): Eastern margin, 24 km from Shaka's Rock / 5 km off Mdlotane Estuary, 29 ° 18 ' 59.99 " S, 31 ° 21 ' 00.00 " E; 38 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
21D7D3C5D53755DDDBB22A13FF7FCA57.taxon	description	Description. Corallum cuneiform. Thecal faces diverge at 12 °, producing a triangular profile in lateral view. Base rounded. Calice elliptical (GCD: LCD = 2.4 - 3.1), with serrated calicular margin. Largest specimen examined (SAM _ H 806) 6.7 x 2.3 mm in CD, and 8.8 mm in H, showing an episode of rejuvenescence. Costae rounded, equal in width, and do not overlap with adjacent costae. Costae slanting inwards towards base, being continuous until ~ 1.5 mm above base where they form discontinuous ridges. All costae smooth, except C 1 and adjacent C 4, which are slightly granulated. Pairs of C 4 occur in each half-system adjacent to S 1 (32 costae), but S 4 do not correspond to C 4. Intercostal striae wider than costae. Corallum white but sometimes light-yellow to brown. Septa hexamerally arranged in three cycles according to the formula: S 1 - 2> S 3 (24 septa). S 1 - 2 moderately exsert, equal in width, and join columella deep in fossa with slightly sinuous axial margin. S 3 less exsert, 1 / 3 the width of S 1 - 2, and bear slightly dentated axial margin. Columella solid and lamellar. Lamella rises almost to the height of septal upper margins. Columellar elements and septal faces bear low-profile granules.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
21D7D3C5D53755DDDBB22A13FF7FCA57.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Southern to eastern margin of South Africa, from off Cape Point extending towards Durban; 24 - 90 m. Elsewhere: Mozambique (Cairns and Keller 1993); Madagascar (?) Pichon 1974); 12 - 73 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
B1521CC3BDCB575D2A1BD2E2CB52E4E8.taxon	description	Fig. 15 M, N	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
B1521CC3BDCB575D2A1BD2E2CB52E4E8.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SAMC _ A 090084 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 22 km from Cape Point / 4 km off Elsies Estuary, 34 ° 09 ' 59.99 " S, 18 ° 27 ' 29.99 " E; 24 m. SAMC _ A 090085 (in part: 12 specimen): Locality data unknown; 43 m. SAM _ H 3203 (in part: 2 specimens): Southern margin, 48 km from Kidds Beach / 14 km off Bira Estuary, 33 ° 29 ' 24.00 " S, 27 ° 22 ' 59.99 " E; 80 m. SAM _ H 4586 (2 paratypes): Eastern margin, 31 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 32 km off Kosi-Kumpungwini (Sifungwe) Estuary, 24 ° 48 ' 00 " S, 34 ° 59.00 " E; 42 m. USNM- 91715 (holotype): Eastern margin, 23 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 15 km off Kosi-Kumpungwini (Sifungwe) Estuary, 27 ° 03 ' 32.40 " S, 32 ° 52 ' 59.99 " E; 44 m. USNM- 91717 (2 paratypes): Eastern margin, 38 km from Shaka's Rock / 16 km off Zinkwasi Estuary, 29 ° 21 ' 00.00 " S, 31 ° 34 ' 59.99 " E; 57 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
B1521CC3BDCB575D2A1BD2E2CB52E4E8.taxon	description	Description. Corallum cuneiform, with highly compressed faces in lower corallum. Upper corallum highly flared, producing a rectangular-like side view. Base slightly rounded. Calice elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.4 - 2.8). Largest specimen examined (USNM- 91717) 3.7 x 2.5 in CD, and 6.7 mm in H. Costae smooth, flat, unequally in width, and ridged. In some specimens 12 - 14 costae overreach base and meet counterparts from opposite side. Pairs of C 4 occur in each half-system adjacent to two S 1 (32 costae), but S 4 does not correspond to C 4. Intercostal striae narrow, being slightly wider than costae. Corallum light brown. Septa hexamerally arranged in three cycles according to the formula: S 1 - 2> S 3 (24 septa). S 1 - 2 moderately exsert, equal in width, and extending 4 / 5 distance to columella with thickened and vertical axial margins. S 3 equally exsert, but 3 / 4 the width of S 1 - 2. S 3 axial margin narrow, straight to sinuous. Columella composed of a sharp-edged lamella that rises as high as septa. Columella and all septal faces covered by slender spines, giving them a rough appearance.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
B1521CC3BDCB575D2A1BD2E2CB52E4E8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Southern and Eastern margin of South Africa, off Cape Point extending towards Kosi-Kumpungwini (Sifungwe) Estuary (23 km south of Ponta Do Ouro: Mozambique); 24 - 80 m. Elsewhere: south-eastern Mozambique (Cairns and Keller 1993); 37 - 347 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
F8EAEF8C63882193BAB4B5E1E8A9E291.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Sphenotrochus in which each costae composed of a single, elongated ridge and are continuous from calice to base, or, at least, for upper part of thecal face.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
8921A660AA371D3EF60875E0F8E8EE57.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Corallum cuneiform with a rounded base; transverse division lacking. Theca imperforate; costae smooth, corresponding to septa. Costae sometimes degenerate into discontinuous fragments on basal or all of thecal face. Three or four cycles of septa. Pali absent; columella lamellar.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
03EE3E0F3F682274A92C69BBA80617CB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Corallum solitary, ceratoid to cylindrical, free or attached. Wall epithecal with rows of thecal spots (pores) flanking each S 3. Pali, if present, opposite S 2. Columella composed of one or two twisted, crispate ribbons.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
9AF0A0B7702A2620C95DD4A971E9DE3E.taxon	description	Fig. 14 O, P	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
9AF0A0B7702A2620C95DD4A971E9DE3E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SAM _ H 1699 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 20 km from Cape Vidal / 23 km off St Lucia Estuary, 27 ° 59 ' 30.00 " S, 32 ° 40 ' 47.99 " E; 550 m. SAM _ H 3212 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 46 km from Port Alfred / 12 km off Mgwalana Estuary, 33 ° 29 ' 24.00 " S, 27 ° 21 ' 11.99 " E; 80 m. SAM _ H 3213 (2 specimens): Southern margin, 40 km from Cintsa / 29 km off Cwili Estuary, 32 ° 54 ' 59.99 " S, 28 ° 30 ' 59.99 " E; 630 m. SAM _ H 3214 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 32 km off Mazeppa Bay / 24 km off Kobole Estuary, 32 ° 28 ' 36.00 " S, 28 ° 58 ' 48.00 " E; 710 - 775 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
9AF0A0B7702A2620C95DD4A971E9DE3E.taxon	description	Description. Corallum solitary, small, vermiform, usually free, but occasionally attached. Calice cylindrical to sub-cylindrical (GCD: LCD = 1.0 - 1.4), calicular margin smooth. Largest specimen examined (SAM _ H 1699) 4.5 x 4.4 mm in CD and 20.0 mm in H. Theca thin, marked with transverse ridges extending from calicular edge to base, and white spots aligned in 24 longitudinal rows. Costae absent. Corallum white with light brown theca. Septa hexamerally arranged in three cycles according to the formula: S 1> S 3 ≥ S 2 (24 septa). S 1 extend 3 / 4 distance to columella. S 2 half the width of S 1, and bear a pali. S 3 slightly wider or equal to S 2. All septa have sinuous axial edges, and granules arranged perpendicular to septal margin. Pali also granular and sinuous. Columella fascicular in a shallow to moderately deep fossa.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
9AF0A0B7702A2620C95DD4A971E9DE3E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Southern to eastern margins of South Africa, from off Cintsa extending to Cape Vidal; 80 - 775 m. Elsewhere: Walters Shoal; St Paul and Amsterdam Islands (von Marenzeller 1904 a; Zibrowius 1974 a; Cairns and Keller 1993); New Zealand (Cairns 1995); Australia (Cairns 2004 a); New Caledonia (Kitahara and Cairns 2021); Mediterranean Sea (Zibrowius 1980); from off the United States (Pourtales 1868; Cairns 1979) to Brazil (Kitahara 2007); and Antarctica (Cairns 1982); 80 - 1500 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
1FCA4AC93544A3A25076922DD8802815.taxon	description	Fig. 5 A-F	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
1FCA4AC93544A3A25076922DD8802815.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SAMC _ A 090144 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 8 km from Port St. Johns / 11 km off Bulolo Estuary, 31 ° 39 ' 43.19 " S, 29 ° 36 ' 38.16 " E; 96 - 98 m. ORI _ DIIIk 2 (I specimen): Eastern margin, 33 km from Durban / 31 km off Beachwood Mangroves, 29 ° 55 ' 00.00 " S, 31 ° 19 ' 59.99 " E; 442 m. USNM 62500 (4 specimens): Eastern margin, 11 km from Durban / 4 km off Beachwood Mangroves, 29 ° 46 ' 29.16 " S, 31 ° 04 ' 18.42 " E; 183 - 220 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
1FCA4AC93544A3A25076922DD8802815.taxon	description	Description. Corallum bowl-shaped, free, with a slightly rounded base. BD smaller than CD; base has a basal attachment scar. All specimens bear short, straight, and slender C 1 costal spines, and are usually longer (in relation to CD) in juveniles. Calice circular to slightly elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.0 - 1.1), with a serrated calicular margin. Largest specimen examined (USNM 62500) 30.4 x 27.6 mm in CD, 26.6 in BD, and 11.2 mm in H. Costae slightly convex and granular, extending from calicular margin and disappearing towards base. Costae absent at base epicentre, which is usually eroded. Corallum white. Septa hexamerally arranged in five cycles, the last cycle being incomplete, according to the formula: S 1 ≥ S 2> S 3> S 4> S 5 (≤ 72 septa). S 1 highly exsert and extend to columella with straight axial margin. A deep notch separates P 1 from S 1. P 1 fuse to columella. S 2 as exsert and as large to only slightly smaller than S 1. P 2 also fuse to columella, but is slightly smaller than P 1. S 3 ~ 1 mm less exsert and 3 / 4 the width of S 1 - 2. P 3 broad and separated from S 3 by a narrow notch. S 4 flanked by S 5 as wide and exsert as S 3, but those unflanked S 4 are the least exsert septa, and only 1 / 2 the width of S 3. S 4 become rudimentary deeper in fossa. P 4 fuse to P 3. S 5 closely resembling unflanked S 4. All septal margins straight. Paliform lobes also straight, and appear to be arranged in a single palar crown. Fossa relatively shallow, containing a papillose columella, composed of ≤ 20 granular and closely-packed rods.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
1FCA4AC93544A3A25076922DD8802815.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off Port St. Johns extending towards Durban; 96 - 695 m. Elsewhere: Indonesia (Cairns and Zibrowius 1997); Tanzania; Madagascar (Cairns and Keller 1993); 180 - 1016 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
E9BA8C819ED315F78474EADC0C190BF2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
C1056FBF9E614DBA3C4AE47CB0868E15.taxon	description	Fig. 5 G-I	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
C1056FBF9E614DBA3C4AE47CB0868E15.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SAM _ H 3178 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 39 km from Coffee Bay / 31 km off Hluleka Estuary, 32 ° 00 ' 42.00 " S, 29 ° 33 ' 00.00 " E; 1420 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
C1056FBF9E614DBA3C4AE47CB0868E15.taxon	description	Description. Corallum highly variable in shape, ranging from flat, cylindrical, bulbous, to bowl-shaped (as in the examined specimen) with rounded base. BD smaller than CD, and having a basal scar indicating point of attachment. Calice slightly elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.1), with serrated calicular margin. Only specimen examined 29.8 x 27.5 mm in CD, 24.3 in BD, and 12.6 mm in H. Lower costae unevenly sized and spaced, with C 1 - 2 prominent and extending from calicular margin to base, where they bear basal tubercles. C 3 - 5 equal, separated by fine striae, and less distinct towards base. All costae covered with fine granules. Corallum white. Septa hexamerally arranged in five cycles, the last cycle being incomplete, according to the formula: S 1 - 2> S 3> S 4> S 5 (≤ 80 septa). S 1 - 2 highly exsert, and extend to columella with straight axial margins. Each S 1 - 2 bears a palus separated from its respective septum by a deep notch. P 1 fuse to columella. S 3 less exsert and 3 / 4 the width of S 1 - 2, with a straight axial margin, and separated from respective P 3 by a notch. When flanked by S 4, S 3 and S 4 join deeper in fossa, meeting columella as one septum. S 4 less exsert, 1 / 2 the width of S 3, with straight to slightly dentate axial margins. S 5 equally exsert as surrounding S 4, but rudimentary in development. Septal faces covered with fine granules. Pali variable in size and shape. Fossa relatively shallow, but reported to be deep in larger specimens. An under-developed papillose columella present, usually a result of pali fusing.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
C1056FBF9E614DBA3C4AE47CB0868E15.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off Coffee Bay; 1420 m. Elsewhere: Madagascar Plateau (Cairns and Keller 1993); Walvis Ridge (off Namibia) (Zibrowius and Gili 1990); 882 - 1610 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
8BCC9720311E0162931DE02A96560629.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Stephanocyathus with 12 - 18 short basal spines or tubercles (C 1 - 2, sometimes C 3), sometimes fusing into a basal rim.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
05C25918E88A6389CA9B96A4BC3EAE16.taxon	description	Fig. 5 J-L	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
05C25918E88A6389CA9B96A4BC3EAE16.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SAM _ H 1697 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 58 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 46 km off Mgobezeleni Estuary, 27 ° 21 ' 18.00 " S, 33 ° 03 ' 53.99 " E; 1050 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
05C25918E88A6389CA9B96A4BC3EAE16.taxon	description	Description. Corallum bowl-shaped with rounded base. BD smaller than CD. Base eroded but usually having a basal scar indicating point of previous attachment. Prominent basal tubercles corresponding to C 1 - 2. Calice slightly elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.03), with serrated calicular margin. Only specimen examined 41.3 x 40.0 mm in CD, 29.3 in BD, and 24.9 mm in H. Lower costae unevenly sized and spaced. C 1 - 2 prominent and extending from calicular margin to base. Theca mostly smooth and glossy, with traces of costae, which change to 2 - 3 tubercles at basal inflection point, and progressively becoming less prominent at basal centre. C 3 - 5 subequal, with thin and deep striae at calicular margin, becoming faint and slowly disappearing towards base. All costae covered by fine granules. Corallum white. Septa hexamerally arranged in five cycles, the last cycle being incomplete, according to the formula: S 1 ≥ S 2> S 3> S 4> S 5 (≤ 76 septa). S 1 - 2 highly exsert and extend to columella with straight axial margins. P 1 - 2 separated from their respective septum by a shallow notch. P 1 reaches / fuses to columella. S 3 less exsert and 3 / 4 the width of S 1 - 2. S 3 axial margins straight to slightly sinuous and bear a palus (P 3). P 3 sometimes joined by adjacent S 4 deeper in fossa. S 4 less exsert and 1 / 2 the width of S 3, with straight axial margins. S 5 rudimentary but as exsert as S 4. All septal faces covered with fine granules. Pali variable in size, shape, and height. P 1 - 3 form an inner crown encircling the well-developed papillose columella composed of closely packed rods. Fossa relatively deep, but reported to be shallow in smaller specimens.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
05C25918E88A6389CA9B96A4BC3EAE16.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off Mgobezeleni Estuary (58 km south of Ponta Do Ouro: Mozambique); 1050 m. Elsewhere: Mozambique (Cairns and Keller 1993); off Zanzibar; off Kenya (Gardiner and Waugh 1938); Madagascar (Gardiner and Waugh 1938); Arabian Sea (Wood-Mason and Alcock 1891 a); Maldives (Gardiner and Waugh 1938); off England; Azores; Gulf of Guinea (Zibrowius 1980); 609 - 2200 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
DB7E7B2DEA531FE8AC09A4B9762BD184.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Solitary, patellate to bowl-shaped, and free. Costae usually well developed, some of which are sometimes highly spinose. Paliform lobes usually present on all septa. Columella trabecular, papillose, or a solid fusion of axial septal margins.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
026F548FB38D933AF37559D2D596EC65.taxon	description	Fig. 14 G, H	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
026F548FB38D933AF37559D2D596EC65.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SAMC _ A 073050 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 26 km from Cape Vidal / 25 km off St Lucia Estuary, 27 ° 54 ' 18.00 " S, 32 ° 37 ' 59.87 " E; 105 m. SAMC _ A 073106 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 66 km from Cape Vidal / 7 km off Mgobezeleni Estuary, 27 ° 33 ' 11.88 " S, 32 ° 43 ' 00.12 " E; 140 m. SAMC _ A 073139 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 35 km from Cape Vidal / 32 km off St Lucia Estuary, 27 ° 49 ' 41.87 " S, 32 ° 38 ' 12.11 " E; 54 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
026F548FB38D933AF37559D2D596EC65.taxon	description	Description. Corallum discoidal (GCD: H = 2.6 - 2.9), robust, and bearing a flat to slightly concave or convex base. Largest specimen examined (SAMC _ A 073106) 12.9 mm in CD and 4.5 mm in H. Calice circular, with finely serrated calicular margin. Costae equidistant with rounded edges. Costal bifurcation alternates with septal pattern. Intercostal spaces porous, narrow near base epicentre but broadens towards calicular edge. Synapticular bars connect two costae to common septum between them. No marginal shelf. Corallum white to creamy. Septa arranged in typical micrabaciid fashion and total ≤ 96 septa. S 1 - 2 non-bifurcate and straight, with subsequent S 3 leading to multiple bifurcations. S 1 extend to columella. S 2 also extend to columella, but joined by S 3 near columella. At the fusing point between S 2 - 3 a delta with numerous spines is formed. S 3 bifurcates repeatedly. First bifurcation produces two S 3 i on either side of S 2. Resultant edges of S 3 i adjacent to S 2 bifurcates three more times in which first branching gives S 3 ii, second one S 3 iii, and last gives two S 3 iv. S 3 i adjacent to S 1 bifurcates twice, in which first gives one S 3 ii, and two S 3 iii. Septa perforate at near base and at points of bifurcation. All septal margins straight. Septal faces bear granules shaped as small triangular spines. Columella lenticular and aligned with two S 1.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
026F548FB38D933AF37559D2D596EC65.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off Cape Vidal; 54 - 150 m. Elsewhere: Off south-eastern Mozambique; Chagos Archipelago (Gardiner and Waugh 1939); Maldives (Pillar and Scheer 1976); Philippines; Indonesia (Cairns 1989 a; Cairns and Zibrowius 1997); 15 - 635 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
7C96884875693DD01248144CF21A1514.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Corallum solitary, discoidal, and free. Synapticulothecate. A small marginal shelf may be present. Costae granular. Intercostal spaces broader than costae and penetrated by large pores. Septa imperforate, totalling 96 that alternate in position with costae. Septa arranged in typical micrabaciid pattern, having multiple bifurcations of the S 3. Septa and costae interconnected by elongate, bar-shaped synapticulae (fulturae). Columella lamellar to papillose.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
A2E27330CD8A641DBB57D0166C639663.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Corallum solitary, turbinate to trochoid, fixed or free. Septotheca covered by thick epitheca. Paliform lobes before all but last septal cycle in two distinct crowns. Columella papillose at top.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
46F0F39E62DA0606A869F1CD9A494438.taxon	description	Fig. 5 M, N	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
46F0F39E62DA0606A869F1CD9A494438.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SAMC _ A 073083 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 28 km from Richards Bay / 40 km off Mlalazi Estuary, 29 ° 00 ' 54.00 " S, 32 ° 12 ' 06.12 " E; 215 m. SAMC _ A 073180 (2 specimens): Southern margin, 33 km from Mazeppa Bay / 24 km off Cwili Estuary, 32 ° 45 ' 47.88 " S, 28 ° 36 ' 24.12 " E; 240 - 250 m. USNM 91674 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 32 km from Port Dunford / 37 km off Mlalazi Estuary, 29 ° 05 ' 10.79 " S, 32 08 ' 10.79 " E; 95 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
46F0F39E62DA0606A869F1CD9A494438.taxon	description	Description. Corallum solitary, ceratoid to subcylindrical, and attached to substrate by a thick pedicel (PD: GCD = 0.2 - 0.7) that expands into a polycyclic encrusting base. Calice elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.1 - 1.2), with a jagged calicular margin. Largest specimen examined (USNM 91674) 13.4 x 11.8 mm in CD, and 26.3 mm in H. Costae unequal, flat, granular, separated by shallow intercostal striae, and becoming less prominent towards base. Epitheca may be thick and penetrated by lenticular pores of acrothoracid barnacles, or thin with no incrustation. Corallum pigmented purple-black, that fades into a white colouration towards base. Septa hexamerally arranged in five cycles, the last cycle being incomplete, according to the formula: S 1> S 2> S 3 ≥ S 4> S 5 (<68 septa). Septa closely packed. S 1 - 2 exsert, independent, thickest, and most swollen. Higher cycle septa (S 3 - 4) progressively less exsert and less thick. S 31 / 2 the width of S 1 - 2. S 4 dimorphic in size: those adjacent to S 1 equal to or slightly wider than S 3; and those adjacent to S 2 usually less wide than S 3. S 5 same width as S 4 adjacent to S 1, if present. All septa have straight axial margins except for S 3, which have slightly sinuous ones. Septal faces granular. Pali large, closely packed, and present before all septal cycles but last, forming a high paliform crown encircling a papillose columella composed of a group of closely-packed and low-profile rods.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
46F0F39E62DA0606A869F1CD9A494438.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Southern to eastern margin of South Africa, from Kei Mouth extending towards Port Dunford; 95 - 250 m. Elsewhere: Philippines; Indonesia (Cairns and Zibrowius 1997); Vanuatu; Wallis and Futuna Islands (Cairns 1999 a); New Caledonia (Kitahara and Cairns 2021); New Zealand (Cairns 1995); Australia (Cairns 2004 a); 95 - 1200 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
ECD71DB1B92AFF9AB42EDEFF6E392A53.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Trochocyathus lacking basal costal spines and with other than discoidal coralla.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
DA5060495F2C51A58552531D0C7398E2.taxon	description	Figs 5 O, P, 6 A, B	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
DA5060495F2C51A58552531D0C7398E2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SAMC _ A 073233 (2 specimens): Southern margin, 14 km from Cape Point / 10 km off Buffels Wes Estuary, 34 ° 13 ' 59.99 " S, 18 ° 30 ' 00.00 " E; 42 m. SAM _ H 1244 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 7 km from East London / 5 km off Buffalo Estuary, 33 ° 02 ' 59.99 " S, 27 ° 56 ' 59.99 " E; 59 m. SAM _ H 1449 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 14 km from Mazeppa Bay / 20 km off Great KeiEstuary, 32 ° 34 ' 00.00 " S, 28 ° 33 ' 00.00 " E; 174 m. SAM _ H 3115 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 2 km off Mosselbaai / 10 km off Hartenbos Estuary, 34 ° 10 ' 37.57 " S, 22 ° 09 ' 19.14 " E; 55 m. SAM _ H 3117 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 246 km from Mazeppa Bay / 243 km off Mendu Estuary, 33 ° 43 ' 11.99 " S, 30 ° 48 ' 47.99 " E; 780 m. SAM _ H 3177 (2 specimens): Southern margin, 15 km from Port Alfred / 11 km off Riet Estuary, 33 ° 39 ' 18.00 " S, 27 ° 11 ' 35.99 " E; 90 m. SAM _ H 3833 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 34 km from Coffee Bay / 7 km off Ntlonyane Estuary, 32 ° 15 ' 11.99 " S, 28 ° 57 ' 42.00 " E; 47 m. SAM _ H 3834 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 23 km from Port Elizabeth / 22 km off Bakens River Estuary, 33 ° 50 ' 41.99 " S, 25 ° 47 ' 30.00 " E; 36 m. ORI _ DIIIa 4 _ 3 (1 specimen): Locality data unknown, 300 m. ORI _ EId 1 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, other locality data unknown. USNM 77220 (3 specimens): Eastern margin, 28 km from Coffee Bay / 19 km off Bulungulu Estuary, 32 ° 14 ' 53.99 " S, 29 ° 10 ' 23.99 " E; 620 - 560 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
DA5060495F2C51A58552531D0C7398E2.taxon	description	Description. Corallum solitary, ceratoid to trochoid, mostly attached through a variably sized pedicel (PD: GCD = 0.3 - 0.7). Calice circular to slightly elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.0 - 1.1), calicular margin slightly serrated. Largest specimen examined (ORI _ DIIIa 4 _ 3) 11.1 x 10.1 mm in CD, 12.0 mm in H, and 6.6 mm in PD. Costae prominent from calicular margin to base, similar in width to associated septa, equidistant, low, bearing small granules, and separated by thin intercostal furrows. Corallum white. Septa hexamerally arranged in four cycles according to the formula: S 1 ≥ S 2> S 3> S 4 (48 septa); sometimes a pair of S 5 present in a half-system (e. g., ORI _ EId 1). S 1 most exsert, equal or slightly wider than S 2, with straight or slightly sinuous axial margin. S 2 1 / 4 wider than S 3 with moderately sinuous axial margin. S 3 as sinuous as S 2. S 4 rudimentary and bearing dentate axial margin. S 3 - 4 progressively less exsert than S 2. Pali present before all but last septal cycle. P 2 - 3 joining deeper in fossa, forming thick chevrons before S 2. Pali tall, being distinctively higher than columellar elements. All septal and palar faces covered with small granules. Fossa moderately deep, containing a papillose columella composed of a group of 6 - 18 loosely-packed, low-profile rods.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
DA5060495F2C51A58552531D0C7398E2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Southern to eastern margin of South Africa, from off Cape Point towards Coffee Bay; 36 - 780 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
3F9E35E3EEF241CED262FA50E2DD2334.taxon	description	Fig. 6 C-F	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
3F9E35E3EEF241CED262FA50E2DD2334.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. DEFF / SAEON _ A 33997 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 39 km from Cape Padrone / 40 km off Boknes Estuary, 34 ° 03 ' 53.52 " S, 26 ° 42 ' 11.58 " E; 100 m. DSCS-INV 529 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 35 km from Cape St. Francis / 70 km off Slang Estuary, 34 ° 47 ' 05.0 " S, 24 ° 45 ' 42.3 " E; 392 - 418 m SAMC _ A 073141 (3 specimens): Eastern margin, 33 km from Coffee Bay / 18 m off Ntlonyane Estuary, 32 ° 16 ' 41.88 " S, 29 ° 06 ' 00.00 " E; 300 m. SAMC _ A 073150 (3 specimens): Southern margin, 26 km from Mazeppa Bay / 33 km off Great Kei Estuary, 32 ° 41 ' 12.12 " S, 28 ° 43 ' 54.12 " E; 480 - 490 m. SAMC _ A 073166 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 19 km off Port St. Johns / 21 km off Bulolo Estuary, 31 ° 45 ' 00.00 " S, 29 ° 40 ' 47.99 " E; 125 m. SAMC _ A 073175 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 28 km from Coffee Bay / 16 km off Hluleka Estuary, 31 ° 55 ' 58.79 " S, 29 ° 25 ' 12.00 " E; 300 m. SAMC _ A 073211 (3 specimens): Eastern margin, 5 km from Cape Vidal / 16 km off St Lucia Estuary, 28 ° 08 ' 24.00 " S, 32 ° 36 ' 24.00 " E; 165 m. SAMC _ A 073235 (2 specimens): Southern margin, False Bay; depth unknown. SAMC _ A 088920 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 38 km from Cintsa / 22 km off Cwili Estuary, 32 ° 50 ' 30.72 " S, 28 ° 30 ' 41.33 " E; 250 - 226 m. SAMC _ A 088921 (3 specimens): Southern margin, 140 km from Agulhas / 144 km off Ratels Estuary, 36 ° 02 ' 29.58 " S, 19 ° 41 ' 24.61 " E; 445 - 463 m. SAMC _ A 088925 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 140 km from Agulhas / 144 km off Ratels Estuary, 36 ° 02 ' 29.58 " S, 19 ° 41 ' 24.61 " E; 445 - 463 m. SAMC _ A 088926 (8 specimens): Southern margin, 140 km from Agulhas / 144 km off Ratels Estuary, 36 ° 02 ' 29.58 " S, 19 ° 41 ' 24.61 " E; 445 - 463 m. SAMC _ A 090146 (5 specimens): Southern margin, 68 km from Cape St. Francis / 70 km off Slang Estuary, 34 ° 47 ' 35.77 " S, 24 ° 38 ' 35.69 " E; 520 m. SAMC _ A 090147 (2 specimens): Southern margin, 140 km from Agulhas / 144 km off Ratels Estuary, 36 ° 02 ' 29.58 " S, 19 ° 41 ' 24.61 " E; 445 - 463 m. SAM _ H 1243 (3 specimens): Southern margin, 11 km from Infanta / 12 km off Duiwenhoks Estuary, 34 ° 27 ' 00.00 " S, 20 ° 58 ' 00.00 " E; 47 m. SAM _ H 1370 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 28 km from Gonubie / 27 km off Buffalo Estuary, 33 ° 09 ' 29.99 " S, 28 ° 03 ' 06.00 " E; 86 m. SAM _ H 1384 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 2 km from Mosselbaai / 11 km off Hartenbos Estuary, 34 ° 11 ' 10.12 " S, 22 ° 09 ' 40.59 " E; 95 m. SAM _ H 1388 (14 specimens): Southern margin, 11 km from East London / 5 km off Gouda Estuary, 33 ° 05 ' 03.24 " S, 27 ° 49 ' 33.40 " E; 146 - 238 m. SAM _ H 1391 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 24 km from Cape Padrone / 35 km off Boknes Estuary, 33 ° 58 ' 00.00 " S, 26 ° 21 ' 00.00 " E; 46 m. SAM _ H 1400 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 74 km off Cape St. Francis / 83 km off Slang Estuary, 34 ° 52 ' 00.00 " S, 24 ° 56 ' 59.99 " E; 137 m. SAM _ H 1407 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 2 km from Mosselbaai / 11 km off Hartenbos Estuary, 34 ° 11 ' 10.12 " S, 22 ° 09 ' 40.59 " E; 192 m. SAM _ H 1408 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 14 km from Mazeppa Bay / 20 km off Great Kei Estuary, 32 ° 34 ' 00.00 " S, 28 ° 33 ' 00.00 " E; 174 m. SAM _ H 1419 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 4 km from Plettenberg Bay / 7 km off Piesang Estuary, 34 ° 06 ' 00.00 " S, 23 ° 23 ' 59.99 " E; 146 m. SAM _ H 1443 (26 specimens): Southern margin, 241 km from Agulhas / 247 km off De Mond-Heuningnes Estuary, 36 ° 40 ' 00.00 " S, 21 ° 25 ' 59.99 " E; 200 m. SAM _ H 1487 (13 specimens): Southern margin, 2 km from Mosselbaai / 11 km off Hartenbos Estuary, 34 ° 11 ' 10.12 " S, 22 ° 09 ' 40.59 " E; 229 m. SAM _ H 3103 (2 specimens): Southern margin, 2 km from Mosselbaai / 11 km off Hartenbos Estuary, 34 ° 11 ' 10.12 " S, 22 ° 09 ' 40.59 " E; 165 - 183 m. SAM _ H 3106 (9 specimens): Southern margin, 846 km from Port St. Johns / 842 km off Mkweni Estuary, 36 ° 40 ' 00.00 " S, 21 ° 25 ' 59.99 " E; 366 m. SAM _ H 3111 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 18 km from Cape Vidal / 27 km off Mfolozi Estuary, 28 ° 16 ' 18.00 " S, 32 ° 38 ' 48.00 " E; 670 m. SAM _ H 3114 (2 specimens): Southern margin, 11 km from East London / 5 km off Gouda Estuary, 33 ° 05 ' 03.24 " S, 27 ° 49 ' 33.40 " E; 146 - 238 m. SAM _ H 3116 (9 specimens): Eastern margin, 22 km from Cape Vidal / 28 km off Mfolozi Estuary, 28 ° 17 ' 23.99 " S, 32 ° 40 ' 47.99 " E; 550 m. SAM _ H 3170 (15 specimens): Eastern margin, 28 km from Coffee Bay / 19 km off Bulungulu Estuary, 32 ° 14 ' 53.99 " S, 29 ° 10 ' 23.99 " E; 620 - 560 m. SAM _ H 3172 (3 specimens): Southern margin, 29 km from Mazeppa Bay / 25 km off Kobole Estuary, 32 ° 29 ' 30.00 " S, 28 ° 57 ' 06.00 " E; 650 - 700 m. SAM _ H 3173 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 47 km from Port Alfred / 14 km off Mgwalana Estuary, 33 ° 30 ' 18.00 " S, 27 ° 22 ' 05.99 " E; 80 m. SAM _ H 3175 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 30 km from Coffee Bay / 20 km off Bulungulu Estuary, 32 ° 15 ' 00.00 " S, 29 ° 09 ' 06.00 " E; 520 - 500 m. SAM _ H 3176 (3 specimens): Eastern margin, 30 km from Scottburgh / 20 km off Fafa Estuary, 30 ° 33 ' 24.00 " S, 30 ° 48 ' 35.99 " E; 690 m. SAM _ H 3830 (2 specimens): Western margin, 49 km from Cape Point / 51 km off Buffels Wes Estuary, 34 ° 43 ' 18.00 " S, 18 ° 12 ' 29.99 " E; 360 - 365 m. SAM _ H 3832 (3 specimens): Southern margin, 14 km from Cape Point / 10 km off Buffels Wes Estuary, 34 ° 13 ' 59.99 " S, 18 ° 30 ' 00.00 " E; 42 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
3F9E35E3EEF241CED262FA50E2DD2334.taxon	description	Description. Corallum ceratoid to trochoid, and attached to a variably sized pedicel (PD: GCD = 0.2 - 0.7). Calice circular to slightly elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.0 - 1.2), with serrate calicular margin. Largest specimen examined (SAM _ H 1400) 17.4 x 17.2 mm in CD, 6.0 mm in PD, and 39.6 mm in H. Costae prominent from calicular margin to base, ca. the same width as associated septa, equidistant, low, bearing small granules, and separated by thin intercostal furrows. Corallum white. Septa hexamerally arranged in five cycles, the last cycle being incomplete, according to formula S 1> S 2 ≥ S 3> S 4> S 5> S 6 (≤ 60 septa). S 1 most exsert, independent, slightly wider than S 2, and bearing straight to slightly sinuous axial margin. S 2 slightly less exsert than S 1, and extending slightly less to centre of calice with moderately sinuous axial margin. S 3 equal or slightly smaller than S 2, but have axial margin equally sinuous. S 4 predominantly restricted to upper calice in specimens with four septal cycles, but dimorphic and variable in development half-systems bearing S 5 or S 5 - 6 (e. g., SAMC _ A 090146 = 6: 6: 12: 24: 10: 2, SAM _ H 1407 = 6: 6: 12: 24: 12). In the latter, S 4 closer to S 1 have the same rudimentary profile as S 5 and S 4 flanked by S 5 having a similar profile as S 3 or slightly less wide. S 4 axial margin coarsely dentated. If present, S 6 restricted to calicular margin. S 3 - 5 progressively less exsert than S 1 - 2. Pali present before all but last septal cycle. P 2 most recessed. P 2 - 3 form a chevron-like pattern before S 2, a pattern also taken by S 4 flanked by S 5 which sometimes bear pali. All septal and palar faces granulated. Fossa moderately deep, containing a papillose columella composed of a group of 17 - 30 rod elements which mostly are as high as pali elements.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
3F9E35E3EEF241CED262FA50E2DD2334.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Western to eastern margin of South Africa, off Cape Point extending towards Cape Vidal; 42 - 700 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
320AED79F45553BB43FF53AF40E5A4FC.taxon	description	Fig. 6 M-P	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
320AED79F45553BB43FF53AF40E5A4FC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SAMC _ A 073157 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 10 km from Port Edward / 24 km off Bilanhlolo Estuary, 31 ° 05 ' 48.11 " S, 30 ° 18 ' 47.88 " E; 140 m. SAMC _ A 073213 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 29 km from Durban / 14 km off Mbokodweni Estuary, 30 ° 06 ' 24.12 " S, 31 ° 00 ' 47.88 " E; 160 - 170 m. SAM _ H 3124 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 11 km from East London / 5 km off Gouda Estuary, 33 ° 05 ' 03.24 " S, 27 ° 49 ' 33.40 " E; 146 - 238 m. USNM 91530 (3 specimens): Eastern margin, 37 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 23 km off Kosi Bay Estuary, 27 ° 11 ' 03.59 " S, 32 ° 50 ' 32.39 " E; 100 m. USNM 91566 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 42 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 27 km off Kosi Bay Estuary, 27 ° 13 ' 30.00 " S, 32 ° 49 ' 30.00 " E; 74 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
320AED79F45553BB43FF53AF40E5A4FC.taxon	description	Description. Corallum ceratoid, mostly attached to substrate through a narrow pedicel (PD: GCD = 0.4 - 0.6) and a thin encrusting base. Calice circular to slightly elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.0 - 1.1), calicular margin slightly serrate. Largest specimen examined (USNM 91566) 8.2 x 7.3 mm in CD, and 9.0 mm in H. Costae prominent and bearing small granules near calicular margin, and progressively disappear towards pedicel. Theca becomes transversely ridged beyond 3 mm from calicular margin. Corallum white, and sometimes light brown around calicular margin. Septa hexamerally arranged in four cycles according to the formula: S 1 ≥ S 2> S 3 ≥ S 4 (48 septa). However, largest specimen (USNM 91566) displays S 1 - 2> S 4 - 3. S 1 most exsert and extend slightly further into centre of calice than S 2. S 1 axial margins straight to slightly sinuous. S 2 equally wide or 1 / 4 less wide than S 1, with moderately sinuous axial margins. Higher cycle septa (S 3 - 4) progressively less exsert (if at all). S 3 with most sinuous axial margins. S 4 rudimentary and bear straight to slightly sinuous axial margins. Pali present before all but last septal cycles. P 2 - 3 joining deeper in fossa, forming a chevron-like structure before S 2. Septal and palar faces finely granulated. Fossa moderately deep, pali indistinguishable from the closely-packed rods of the papillose columella.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
320AED79F45553BB43FF53AF40E5A4FC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Southern to eastern margin of South Africa, from East London extending towards Kosi Bay Estuary (37 km south of Ponta Do Ouro: Mozambique); 74 - 170 m. Elsewhere: Mozambique, Madagascar, and Saya de Malha Bank; 74 - 315 m (Cairns and Keller 1993).	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
72F0C9BB7266F56C043BB493BD23079F.taxon	description	Fig. 6 G-L	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
72F0C9BB7266F56C043BB493BD23079F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. DEFF / SAEON _ A 32823 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 131 km from Gouritsmond / off Goukamma Estuary, 35 ° 14 ' 57.1 " S, 22 ° 50 ' 48.1 " E; 511 m. SAMC _ A 073015 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 32 km from Mazeppa Bay / 19 km off Mendu Estuary, 32 ° 25 ' 00.11 " S, 28 ° 58 ' 18.11 " E; 330 - 340 m. SAMC _ A 073206 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 36 km from Richards Bay / 49 km off Nhlabane Estuary, 29 ° 02 ' 12.11 " S, 32 ° 19 ' 36.12 " E; 760 - 800 m. SAMC _ A 073220 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 13 km from Port St. Johns / 12 km off Bulolo Estuary, 31 ° 44 ' 48.12 " S, 29 ° 33 ' 00.00 " E; 370 m. SAMC _ A 090091 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 152 km from Margate / off Bilanhlolo Estuary, 31 ° 39 ' 07.00 " S, 29 ° 39 ' 42.00 " E; 300 - 540 m. SAMC _ A 090156 (3 specimens): Southern margin, 14 km from Sedgefield / off Cunge Estuary, 34 ° 09 ' 17.46 " S, 22 ° 48 ' 37.32 " E; 74 m. SAM _ H 1360 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 11 km from East London / 3 km off Buffalo Estuary, 33 ° 00 ' 53.67 " S, 27 ° 55 ' 50.67 " E; 128 m. SAM _ H 1415 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 8 km from Pringle Bay / 6 km off Buffels Oos Estuary, 34 ° 17 ' 55.37 " S, 18 ° 49 ' 10.85 " E; 33 m. SAM _ H 1440 (3 specimens): Southern margin, 11 km from East London / 5 km off Gouda Estuary, 33 ° 05 ' 03.24 " S, 27 ° 49 ' 33.40 " E; 146 - 238 m. SAM _ H 3110 (26 specimens): Eastern margin, 18 km from Cape Vidal / 27 km off Mfolozi Estuary, 28 ° 16 ' 18.00 " S, 32 ° 38 ' 48.00 " E; 670 m. SAM _ H 3113 (2 specimens): Southern margin, 11 km from East London / 3 km off Buffalo Estuary, 33 ° 00 ' 53.67 " S, 27 ° 55 ' 50.67 " E; 128 m. SAM _ H 3171 (8 specimens): Southern margin, 40 km from Cintsa Mouth / 29 km off Cwili Estuary, 32 ° 55 ' 00.00 " S, 28 ° 31 ' 00.00 " E; 630 m. SAM _ H 3174 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 22 km from Gonubie / 21 km off Gqunube Estuary, 33 ° 06 ' 00.00 " S, 28 ° 08 ' 17.99 " E; 700 - 650 m. SAM _ H 3829 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 98 km from Gansbaai / 103 km off Buffels Oos Estuary, 35 ° 15 ' 18.00 " S, 18 ° 39 ' 18.00 " E; 547 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
72F0C9BB7266F56C043BB493BD23079F.taxon	description	Description. Corallum ceratoid to trochoid, attached to a narrow pedicel (PD: GCD = 0.3 - 0.5). Calice circular to slightly elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.0 - 1.3), calicular margin slightly serrate. Largest specimen examined (SAM _ H 3113) 12.2 x 11.2 mm in CD, 4.9 mm in PD, and 17.5 mm in H. Costae prominent and bearing small granules near calicular margin, progressively becoming narrower towards base. Costae separated by deep furrows. Corallum white, but sometimes purplish with white columella. Septa hexamerally arranged in four cycles according to the formula: S 1 ≥ S 2> S 3> S 4 (48 septa). S 1 - 2 usually equally exsert, but sometimes S 2 may be slightly less exsert than S 1. S 1 meets columella with straight to slightly sinuous axial margins. S 1 slightly wider to equal in width to S 2. S 2 axial margins straight to slightly sinuous. Higher cycle septa (S 3 - 4) progressively less exsert. S 3 ~ 1 / 4 less wide than S 2, with moderately sinuous axial margins. S 4 1 / 2 the width of S 3, and bear extremely sinuous and sometimes dentate axial margins. Pali present before all but last septal cycle, being taller than columellar elements, slightly sinuous, and thick, with some half-systems having P 2 - 3 joining in front of S 2 before extending towards columella. All septal and palar faces being granulated. Fossa moderately deep, containing a papillose columella composed of a group of low-profile and compact intertwined rods.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
72F0C9BB7266F56C043BB493BD23079F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Southern to eastern margin of South Africa, from off Pringle Bay extending towards Cape Vidal; 33 - 800 m. Elsewhere: north-western Madagascar and off Walter Shoal (Cairns and Keller 1993); 760 - 780 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
EDDD4781A61582FCCBF8CDB2C57D6E49.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Corallum solitary, turbinate to ceratoid, or bowl-shaped, fixed or free. Transverse division may be present. Septotheca costate, sometimes covered with a thin epitheca. Pali before all but last cycle of septa. Columella papillose.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
965D19FAC719CED90CE43DF9C493B66E.taxon	description	Fig. 15 O-P	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
965D19FAC719CED90CE43DF9C493B66E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SAMC _ A 073064 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 5 km from Cape Vidal / 16 km off St Lucia Estuary, 28 ° 07 ' 30.00 " S, 32 ° 36 ' 24.11 " E; 75 - 80 m. SAMC _ A 073095 (3 specimens): Eastern margin, 66 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 15 km off Mgobezeleni Estuary, 27 ° 25 ' 59.87 " S, 32 ° 44 ' 30.12 " E; 55 - 100 m. SAMC _ A 073106 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 66 km from Cape Vidal / 7 km off Mgobezeleni Estuary, 27 ° 33 ' 11.88 " S, 32 ° 43 ' 00.12 " E; 140 m. SAMC _ A 073131 (4 specimens): Eastern margin, 39 km from Cape Vidal / 29 km off Mgobezeleni Estuary, 27 ° 47 ' 23.99 " S, 32 ° 38 ' 53.87 " E; 65 - 70 m. SAMC _ A 073135 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 19 km from Coffee Bay / 18 km off Mdumbi Estuary, 32 ° 02 ' 53.87 " S, 29 ° 19 ' 41.87 " E; 250 - 280 m. SAMC _ A 073149 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 19 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 12 km off Kosi-Kumpungwini (Sifungwe) Estuary, 27 ° 01 ' 05.87 " S, 32 ° 55 ' 12.00 " E; 78 m. SAMC _ A 073191 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 41 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 26 km off Kosi Bay Estuary, 27 ° 12 ' 53.99 " S, 32 ° 49 ' 41.87 " E; 66 - 71 m. SAMC _ A 073209 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 37 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 23 km off Kosi Bay Estuary, 27 ° 11 ' 05.99 " N, 32 ° 50 ' 53.88 " E; 100 m. SAMC _ A 073214 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 37 km from Cape Vidal / 32 km off Mgobezeleni Estuary, 27 ° 48 ' 47.88 " S, 32 ° 38 ' 53.87 " E; 50 m. SAMC _ A 073218 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 42 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 27 km off Kosi Bay Estuary, 27 ° 13 ' 30.00 " S, 32 ° 49 ' 30.00 " E; 74 m. SAMC _ A 090079 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 56 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 25 km off Mgobezeleni Estuary, 27 ° 20 ' 35.87 " S, 32 ° 46 ' 41.88 " E; 60 m. SAM _ H 3101 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 19 km from Shaka's Rock / 3 km off Mdloti Estuary, 29 ° 38 ' 59.99 " S, 31 ° 07 ' 59.99 " E; 71 - 73 m. SAM _ H 3102 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 6 km from Durban / 9 km off Umgeni Estuary, 29 ° 52 ' 59.99 " S, 31 ° 03 ' 04.99 " E; 86 m. SAM _ H 4583 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 41 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 26 km off Kosi Bay Estuary, 27 ° 13 ' 05.99 " S, 32 ° 49 ' 30.00 " E; 60 m. SAM _ H 4588 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 42 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 27 km off Kosi Bay Estuary, 27 ° 13 ' 35.99 " S, 32 ° 49 ' 17.99 " E; 75 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
965D19FAC719CED90CE43DF9C493B66E.taxon	description	Description. Corallum cuneiform, with thecal edge crests extending laterally. Base rounded. Calice elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.4 - 1.6), calicular margin slightly serrated. Largest specimen examined (SAMC _ A 073064) 16.8 x 10.8 mm in CD, and 16.4 mm in H. Costae broad, flat, variable in size. C 1 - 3 wider than C 4, and bearing 3 - 4 granules across width. C 4 bear two granules across a costal width granules. Intercostal striae narrow, shallow, and fainting towards base and thecal crests. Thecal crests also lack costae, which are replaced by uniform granules. Corallum predominantly orange with white calicular margin and septa. Septa hexamerally arranged in four cycles according to the formula: S 1> S 2> S 4> S 3 (48 septa). S 1 highly exsert, and extends to columella deep in fossa with straight axial edges. P 1 small and separated from its septum by a small notch. S 2 equally exsert, slightly less wide than S 1, bearing a broad and larger palus. S 3 less exsert than S 1 - 2, 3 / 4 the width of S 1 - 2, and have a slightly sinuous axial margin. Each S 3 bears a large palus, which joins P 2 producing a V-shape appearance. S 4 less exsert than S 3, but slightly wider. S 4 axial edges straight. All palar and septal faces bear sharp spines. Columella papillose, elongated, aligned to principal S 1, sometimes fused as a lamella in larger specimens. Fossa moderately deep.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
965D19FAC719CED90CE43DF9C493B66E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off Coffee Bay and extending towards Kosi-Kumpungwini (Sifungwe) Estuary (19 km south of Ponta Do Ouro: Mozambique); 50 - 280 m. Elsewhere: Tanzania (Gardiner and Waugh 1938); Mozambique; Kenya; north-eastern Somalia (Cairns 1989 b); Vanuatu; and Wallis and Futuna Islands (Cairns 1999 a); Philippines; Indonesia; China (Yabe and Eguchi 1942 b; Cairns and Zibrowius 1997); New Caledonia (Kitahara and Cairns 2021); Australia (Cairns 1998); 50 - 421 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
70A1A5F18C26436688960C5BB5BD1418.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Corallum cuneiform, with rounded base and calice elliptical in cross section. Costae low, flat, and covered with small granules. Thecal edge costae expanded into alate edge crests and also uniformly granulated. Intercostal regions shallow, narrow, and not pitted. Higher cycle costae originate by trifurcation. Septa highly exsert and hexamerally arranged in four complete cycles. Lamellar pali in three crowns before all but last septal cycle. Each pair of P 3 and single P 2 in a system forming a chevron arrangement, but not fused. Columella papillose.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
8F6614F6B629F742A69A3C1FA0B58E25.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Corallum solitary and highly compressed. Asexual reproduction by transverse division, resulting in a free anthocyathus budded from a basal anthocaulus. Calicular edge smooth to highly serrate. Thecal edge spines or crests common. Pali absent. Columella rudimentary.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
0D0001DDA8107F061219D85FF0607285.taxon	description	Fig. 12 I, J	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
0D0001DDA8107F061219D85FF0607285.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SAMC _ A 073104 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 18 km from Cape Vidal / 20 km off Mfolozi Brak Estuary, 28 ° 17 ' 23.99 " S, 32 ° 34 ' 36.12 " E; 198 m. SAMC _ A 073167 (11 specimen): Eastern margin, 18 km from St. Lucia Estuary / 15 km off Mfolozi Estuary, 28 ° 31 ' 48.00 " S, 32 ° 26 ' 06.00 " E; 160 - 180 m. SAMC _ A 073176 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 35 km from Durban / 26 km off Mbokodweni Estuary, 30 ° 07 ' 59.99 " S, 31 ° 08 ' 59.99 " E; 150 m. SAMC _ A 073181 (4 specimens): Eastern margin, 11 km from Port St. Johns / 10 km off Bulolo Estuary, 31 ° 43 ' 54.12 " S, 29 ° 32 ' 12.11 " E; 190 m. SAMC _ A 073212 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 5 km from Cape Vidal / 16 km off St Lucia Estuary, 28 ° 07 ' 05.88 " S, 32 ° 36 ' 35.99 " E; 145 m. SAMC _ A 073266 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 2 km from Stilbaai / 1 km off Goukou Estuary, 34 ° 22 ' 55.26 " S, 21 ° 25 ' 25.49 " E; 88 m. SAMC _ A 090100 (3 specimens): Eastern margin, 34 km from Shaka's Rock / off Tongati Estuary, 29 ° 45 ' 59.99 " S, 31 ° 25 ' 59.99 " E; 110 - 130 m. SAM _ H 784 (48 specimens): Eastern margin, 19 km from Shaka's Rock / 3 km off Mdloti Estuary, 29 ° 38 ' 59.99 " S, 31 ° 07 ' 59.99 " E; 71 - 73 m. SAM _ H 835 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 6 km from Kenton On Sea / 5 km off Boknes Estuary, 33 ° 43 ' 07.59 " S, 26 ° 37 ' 37.95 " E; 90 m. SAM _ H 1241 (6 specimens): Eastern margin, 2 km from Kei Mouth / 27 km off Groot Berg Estuary, 32 ° 40 ' 33.99 " S, 28 ° 22 ' 50.99 " E; 66 m. SAM _ H 1389 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 19 km from Shaka's Rock / 3 km off Mdloti Estuary, 29 ° 38 ' 59.99 " S, 31 ° 07 ' 59.99 " E; 183 m. SAM _ H 1399 (3 specimens): Eastern margin, 39 km from Mtunzini / 8 km from Zinkwasi Estuary, 29 ° 12 ' 59.99 " S, 31 ° 30 ' 00.00 " E; 73 m. SAM _ H 1437 (45 specimens): Eastern margin, 2 km from Durban / 8 km off Umgeni Estuary, 29 ° 52 ' 00.00 " S, 31 ° 00 ' 00.00 " E; 99 m. SAM _ H 1442 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 6 km from Durban / 9 km from Umgeni Estuary, 29 ° 52 ' 59.99 " S, 31 ° 03 ' 04.99 " E; 86 m. SAM _ H 1452 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 113 km from Gonubie / 112 km off Gqunube Estuary, 33 ° 43 ' 00.00 " S, 28 ° 46 ' 59.99 " E; 90 m. SAM _ H 1456 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 9 km from Shaka's Rock / 2 km off Tongati Estuary, 29 ° 34 ' 00.00 " S, 31 ° 10 ' 59.99 " E; 66 m. SAM _ H 1698 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 18 km from Cape Vidal / 27 km off Mfolozi Estuary, 28 ° 16 ' 18.00 " S, 32 ° 38 ' 48.00 " E; 670 m. SAM _ H 3096 (10 specimens): Eastern margin, 2 km from Durban / 8 km off Umgeni Estuary, 29 ° 51 ' 59.99 " S, 31 ° 00 ' 00.00 " E; 101 m. SAM _ H 3097 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 14 km from Cape Padrone / 26 km from Boknes Estuary, 33 ° 45 ' 59.99 " S, 26 ° 18 ' 59.99 " E; 115 m. SAM _ H 3846 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 34 km from Shaka's Rock / off Tongati Estuary, 29 ° 45 ' 59.99 " S, 31 ° 25 ' 59.99 " E; 110 - 130 m. USNM 91758 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 5 km from Cape Vidal / 16 km off St Lucia Estuary, 28 ° 07 ' 05.88 " S, 32 ° 36 ' 35.99 " E; 145 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
0D0001DDA8107F061219D85FF0607285.taxon	description	Description. Corallum (anthocyathus) medium to large, compressed conical, with a small open base. Calice elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.2 - 2.5), with smooth and slightly arched calicular margin. Basal scar 4.0 x 3.0 mm in diameter, with 12 complete septa originating from scar. Largest specimen examined (SAM _ H 3096) 25.0 x 10.0 mm in CD, and 10 mm in H. Theca glistening, may be encrusted or smooth, with longitudinal striae, and transverse corrugations. Thecal faces carinate, with angle of 45 °. Anthocyathi have one to three pairs of thecal spines (SAMC _ A 090100). Thecal spines cylindrical in profile. Corallum white, with theca sometimes reddish brown. Septa arranged in three size classes according to the formula: 20: 20: 38 - 40 (≤ 80 septa). Primary septa arched and concave at calicular margin, but have vertical and slightly sinuous axial margin that extend toward columella. Secondary septa 1 / 2 the width of primaries, being finely dentate near calicular margin and bearing moderately sinuous axial margin. Tertiary rudimentary. All septa non-exsert, but primaries may be slightly exsert in juvenile specimens. Septal faces bear blunt granules obliquely aligned in rows along septal margin. Fossa moderately deep with a rudimentary columella formed by lower axial margin of primary septa.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
0D0001DDA8107F061219D85FF0607285.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Southern to eastern margin of South Africa, off Stilbaai extending towards Cape Vidal; 55 - 670 m. Elsewhere: Mozambique (Cairns and Keller 1993); Australia (Cairns 2004 a); Philippines (Cairns 1989 a); Indonesia (Cairns and Zibrowius 1997); New Caledonia (Kitahara and Cairns 2021); Japan (Cairns 1989 a, 1999); 42 - 993 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
0CDE1F95209C2D9C83FAD9FBA24D750F.taxon	description	Fig. 12 M, N	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
0CDE1F95209C2D9C83FAD9FBA24D750F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SAM _ H 3847 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 46 km from Shaka's Rock / 42 km off Mdlotane Estuary, 29 ° 34 ' 59.99 " S, 31 ° 42 ' 00.00 " E; 138 m. SAM _ H 4577 (3 specimens: paratypes): 26 km from Port St. Johns / off Bulolo Estuary, 29 ° 34 ' 47.99 " S, 31 ° 41 ' 59.99 " E; 138 m. USNM 91736 (1 specimen: holotype): Eastern margin, 26 km from Port St. Johns / off Bulolo Estuary, 29 ° 34 ' 47.99 " S, 31 ° 41 ' 59.99 " E; 138 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
0CDE1F95209C2D9C83FAD9FBA24D750F.taxon	description	Description. Corallum (anthocyathus) small, elongated, and with a smooth calicular margin. New specimen examined (SAM _ H 3847) has a slightly damaged calicular margin: 7.1 x 6.9 mm in CD (estimated), and 16.6 mm in H. Basal scar 3.6 x 2.5 mm in diameter, with 12 complete septa originating from scar. Theca with longitudinal striae, and transverse chevron-shaped growth lines. Thecal faces carinate and diverging in an angle between 14 and 18 °. Corallum white, with beige theca. Septa hexamerally arranged in four complete cycles according to the formula: S 1 ≥ S 2> S 3> S 4 (48 septa). However, newly examined specimen has fourth cycle incomplete (total of 42 septa). S 1 as wide to only slightly wider than S 2, both having vertical and slightly sinuous axial margin that extend to columella. S 3 1 / 2 width of S 2, and bearing moderately sinuous axial margin. S 4 ~ 1 / 3 the width of S 3, usually rudimentary, and having dentate axial margin. Septal faces bear blunt granules obliquely aligned in rows along septal margin. Fossa moderately deep with a rudimentary columella formed by the fusion of lower S 1 - 2 axial margins.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
0CDE1F95209C2D9C83FAD9FBA24D750F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off Shaka's Rock; 138 m. Elsewhere: Japan; (Cairns 1994); 100 - 144 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
646E062F7866C3E2D96F7080EC6C9D50.taxon	description	Fig. 12 M, N	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
646E062F7866C3E2D96F7080EC6C9D50.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. ORI _ DIIb 2 (1 specimen): Locality data unknown. ORI _ DIIb 3 (in part: 1 specimen): Locality data unknown, 27 m. SAMC-A 072990 (1 specimen), SAMC-A 072991 (3 specimens): Locality data unknown. SAMC-A 090103 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 15 km from Arniston / 21 km from De Mond-Heuningnes Estuary, 34 ° 46 ' 59.99 " S, 20 ° 19 ' 00.00 " E; 80 m. SAM _ H 1241 (in part: 1 specimen): Southern margin, 2 km from Kei Mouth / 27 km off Groot Berg Estuary, 32 ° 40 ' 33.99 " S, 28 ° 22 ' 50.99 " E; 66 m. SAM _ H 1381 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 2 km from Durban / 8 km off Umgeni Estuary, 29 ° 51 ' 59.99 " S, 31 ° 00 ' 00.00 " E; 101 m. SAM _ H 1382 (2 specimens): Southern margin, 48 km from Cape Padrone / 47 km off Bakens River Estuary, 34 ° 04 ' 59.99 " S, 26 ° 05 ' 59.99 " E; 37 m. SAM _ H 1386 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 28 km from Gonubie / 27 km off Buffalo Estuary, 33 ° 09 ' 29.99 " S, 28 ° 03 ' 06.00 " E; 86 m. SAM _ H 1392 (2 specimens): Southern margin, 6 km from Kenton On Sea / 5 km off Boknes Estuary, 33 ° 43 ' 07.59 " S, 26 ° 37 ' 37.95 " E; 90 m. SAM _ H 1417 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 29 km from Kenton On Sea / off Boesmans Estuary, 33 ° 53 ' 39.99 " S, 26 ° 51 ' 00.00 " E; 121 m. SAM _ H 1425 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 7 km from East London / 5 km off Buffalo Estuary, 33 ° 02 ' 59.99 " S, 27 ° 57 ' 00.00 " E; depth unknown. SAM _ H 1434 (4 specimens): Locality data unknown. SAM _ H 1435 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 6 km from Kidds Beach / 5 km off Ncera Estuary, 33 ° 11 ' 59.99 " S, 27 ° 40 ' 59.99 " E; 79 m. SAM _ H 1444 (2 specimens): Southern margin, 14 km from Cape Padrone / 26 km off Boknes Estuary, 33 ° 46 ' 00.00 " S, 26 ° 19 ' 00.00 " E; 104 m. SAM _ H 1446 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 6 km from Kidds Beach / 5 km off Ncera Estuary, 33 ° 11 ' 59.99 " S, 27 ° 40 ' 59.99 " E; 79 m. SAM _ H 1470 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 27 km from Mtunzini / 25 km off Matigulu Estuary, 29 ° 10 ' 36.00 " S, 31 ° 51 ' 00.00 " E; 115 m. SAM _ H 1511 (2 specimens): Southern margin, 25 km from Port Elizabeth / 23 km off Bakens River Estuary, 33 ° 49 ' 36.36 " S, 25 ° 47 ' 42.94 " E; 49 - 183 m. SAM _ H 3071 (34 specimens): Southern margin, 6 km from Kenton On Sea / 5 km off Boknes Estuary, 33 ° 43 ' 07.59 " S, 26 ° 37 ' 37.95 " E; 90 m. SAM _ H 3130 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 46 km from Port Alfred / 12 km off Mgwalana Estuary, 33 ° 29 ' 24.00 " S, 27 ° 21 ' 11.99 " E; 80 m. SAM _ H 3155 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 47 km from Port Alfred / 14 km off Mgwalana Estuary, 33 ° 30 ' 18.00 " S, 27 ° 22 ' 05.99 " E; 80 m. DEFF _ NANSEN-INV 19 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 20 km from Durban / 19 km off Beachwood Mangroves; 29 ° 52 ' 56.39 " S, 31 ° 12 ' 15.59 " E; 218 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
646E062F7866C3E2D96F7080EC6C9D50.taxon	description	Description. Corallum (anthocyathus) large, robust, and having a small open base. Calice elliptical to sub-cylindrical (GCD: LCD = 1.47 - 2.60), with a thin and smooth calicular margin. Basal scar 5.3 - 6.6 x 3.4 - 4.0 mm in diameter, with 24 complete septa originating from scar. Largest anthocyathus examined (SAM _ H 1386) 25.6 x 18.1 mm in CD and 37.4 mm in H. Theca bears fine longitudinal striae, and chevron-shaped growth lines. C 1 - 3 distinct and extend from calicular margin to base. Thecal edge smooth, rounded, or acute. Thecal edge diverges in an angle between 45 and 55 °, and thecal faces between 20 and 25 °. Corallum white. Septa hexamerally arranged in six cycles, last being incomplete, according to the formula: S 1 - 3> S 4> S 5> S 6 (102 septa). However, smaller coralla (<25 mm GCD) display ≤ 78 septa. S 1 - 3 greater in width than S 4, and having vertical, slightly sinuous, and thickened axial margins. S 4 ~ 1 / 2 the width of S 1 - 3, and bear sinuous axial margin, which sometimes appear to be dentate. S 51 / 3 the width of S 4, and have dentate axial margin. However, if S 6 is absent, S 5 rudimentary. S 6 rudimentary. Septal faces covered with granules obliquely aligned in rows along septal margin. Fossa deep containing a rudimentary columella formed by S 1 - 3 lower axial margin.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
646E062F7866C3E2D96F7080EC6C9D50.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Southern to eastern margin of South Africa, off Jeffreys Bay extending towards Durban; 29 - 183 m. Elsewhere: Only known from South Africa.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
13857A0A3859EF1A1284966D6852A3E2.taxon	description	Fig. 12 O-P.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
13857A0A3859EF1A1284966D6852A3E2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SAMC _ A 087450 (2 specimens): Locality unknown. SAM _ H 4580 (1 specimen: paratype): Eastern margin, 256 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 1 km off Elsies Estuary, 25 ° 07 ' 00.00 " S, 34 ° 34 ' 00.00 " E; 112 m. USNM 91746 (1 paratype): Eastern margin, 73 km from Cape Vidal / 17 km off Mgobezeleni Estuary, 27 ° 31 ' 21.60 " S, 32 ° 49 ' 10.80 " E; 75 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
13857A0A3859EF1A1284966D6852A3E2.taxon	description	Description. Corallum medium-sized (GCD ~ 25.0 mm) and sub-cylindrical. Calice elliptical (GCD: LCD = 2.05 - 2.80), with a thin and slightly serrated calicular margin. Basal scar 8.9 x 4.9 mm in diameter, with 24 complete septa observable on scar. Largest anthocyathus examined (SAMC _ A 087450) 22.3 x 11.9 mm in CD, and 18.4 mm in H. Five pairs of slender and rounded thecal spines occur on thecal edges. Thecal faces diverge in an angle ~ 55 °, and thecal edges ~ 30 °. Corallum white, with theca being faintly greenish brown. Septa decamerally arranged in five cycles, last being incomplete, according to the formula: S 1 - 2> S 3> S 4> S 5 (84 septa). S 1 - 2 slightly larger than S 3, but all having vertical and slightly sinuous axial margins. S 4 1 / 2 the width of S 1 - 3 and bear sinuous and slightly dentate axial margin. S 5 rudimentary. Septal faces covered with granules obliquely aligned in rows along axial septal margin. Fossa deep with a trabecular columella formed by the fusion of lower axial margins of S 1 - 3.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
13857A0A3859EF1A1284966D6852A3E2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off Cape Vidal extending towards Elsies Estuary (256 km south of Ponta Do Ouro: Mozambique); 67 - 75 m. Elsewhere: Zanzibar; Mozambique; Madagascar (Cairns and Keller 1993); New Caledonia (Cairns 2016); Kitahara and Cairns 2021 62 - 350 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
CDDE5924FF0D044500AC1503A9317444.taxon	description	Fig. 13 A, B	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
CDDE5924FF0D044500AC1503A9317444.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SAMC _ A 073189 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 9 km from Shaka's Rock / 12 km off Mhlali Estuary, 29 ° 32 ' 12.11 " S, 31 ° 19 ' 36.11 " E; 50 m. SAMC _ A 073200 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 19 km from Shaka's Rock / 20 km off Mhlali Estuary, 29 ° 33 ' 11.88 " S, 31 ° 25 ' 23.88 " E; 60 - 64 m. SAM _ H 2838 (57 specimens): Eastern margin, 19 km from Shaka's Rock / 3 km off Mdloti Estuary, 29 ° 38 ' 59.99 " S, 31 ° 07 ' 59.99 " E; 71 - 73 m. SAM _ H 2839 (24 specimens): Southern margin, 48 km from Cape Padrone / 47 km off Bakens River Estuary, 34 ° 04 ' 59.99 " S, 26 ° 05 ' 59.99 " E; 37 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
CDDE5924FF0D044500AC1503A9317444.taxon	description	Description. Corallum small (GCD <13.0 mm). Calice may be short or long, but always highly compressed (GCD: LCD = 1.1 - 1.3). Calicular margin thin and slightly serrated. Basal scar 4.0 x 2.8 mm in diameter, with 24 septa originating from scar. Largest anthocyathus examined (SAM _ H 2839) 15.2 x 7.6 mm in CD, and 13.4 mm in H. Theca porcelaneous, bearing thin transverse chevron-shaped lines. Thecal spines sometimes present (≤ 3), usually of various size and shape, but consistently facing downwards. Thecal faces diverge in an angle between 18 and 20 °, and thecal edge between 14 and 18 °. Corallum white, with faint greenish brown stripes on theca. Septa hexamerally arranged in five cycles, last being incomplete, according to the formula: S 1 ≥ S 2> S 3> S 4> S 5 (≤ 60 septa). S 1 ca. the same size or only slightly larger than S 2. S 1 - 2 axial margins vertical and sinuous. S 3 3 / 4 the width of S 1 - 2 and bear sinuous to dentate axial margin. S 4 small, ~ 1 / 3 the width of S 3, and have dentate axial margin. S 5 rudimentary. Septal faces covered with granules. Fossa of moderate depth, containing a rudimentary columella formed by the fusion of S 1 - 3 lower axial margins.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
CDDE5924FF0D044500AC1503A9317444.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Southern and eastern margin of South Africa, off Cape Padrone extending towards Shaka's Rock; 37 - 73 m. Elsewhere: Philippines (Cairns 1989 a; Cairns and Zibrowius 1997); Indonesia (Cairns and Zibrowius 1997); New Caledonia (Cairns 2016; Kitahara and Cairns 2021); Mozambique (Cairns and Keller 1993); 85 - 460 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
AB813281B8A96F38B60E01A65E973CC5.taxon	description	Fig. 13 E, F	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
AB813281B8A96F38B60E01A65E973CC5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SAMC _ A 073161 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 25 km from Port St. Johns / 16 km off Cwili Estuary, 31 ° 49 ' 59.99 " S, 29 ° 40 ' 00.00 " E; 140 - 145 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
AB813281B8A96F38B60E01A65E973CC5.taxon	description	Description. Corallum small, with thecal edges diverging at 30 °. Calice flared and elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.7), with a slightly serrated calicular margin. Specimen examined 12.7 x 7.6 mm in CD, 1.3 mm in PD, and 14.2 mm in H. Theca smooth. Thecal faces diverge in an angle of ~ 60 °, and thecal edge of ~ 23 °. Specimen has anthocyathus still attached to anthocaulus, but a fracture line indicates that they were about to transversely divide. Corallum white. Septa thick and hexamerally arranged in four cycles, the last being incomplete, according to the formula: S 1 - 3> S 4 (45 septa). S 1 - 3 axial edges straight, but become slightly sinuous deeper in fossa. S 4 rudimentary and bearing sinuous axial margin. Septal faces smooth, occasionally with sparsely arranged granules. Fossa of moderate depth, with a rudimentary columella formed by the fusion of the S 1 - 3 lower axial margins.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
AB813281B8A96F38B60E01A65E973CC5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off Port St. Johns; 140 - 145 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
F139A33FC9F21B7F155DAC49234F7A5B.taxon	description	Fig. 13 C, D	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
F139A33FC9F21B7F155DAC49234F7A5B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SAMC _ A 073113 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 47 km from Cape Vidal / 21 km from Mgobezeleni Estuary, 27 ° 43 ' 14.88 " S, 32 ° 40 ' 36.11 " E; 110 m. SAMC _ A 073182 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 26 km from East London / 24 km off Buffalo Estuary, 33 ° 11 ' 48.11 " S, 28 ° 03 ' 11.88 " E; 90 m. SAMC _ A 090095 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 16 km from Scottburgh / 12 km off Mkomazi Estuary, 30 ° 15 ' 00.00 " S, 30 ° 54 ' 18.00 " E; 100 m. SAMC _ A 090096 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 66 km from Cape Vidal / 7 km off Mgobezeleni Estuary, 27 ° 33 ' 11.99 " S, 32 ° 43 ' 00.00 " E; 85 m. SAM _ H 1398 (12 specimens): Southern margin, 32 km from Cintsa / 11 km off Cwili Estuary, 32 ° 45 ' 45.00 " S, 28 ° 26 ' 15.00 " E; 66 m. SAM _ H 3156 (12 specimens): Southern margin, 18 km from Gonubie / off Gqunube Estuary, 33 ° 04 ' 35.99 " S, 28 ° 06 ' 35.99 " E; 90 m. SAM _ H 4581 (1 specimen: paratype): Eastern margin, 25 km south of Ponta Do Ouro / 17 km from Kosi Bay Estuary, 27 ° 04 ' 47.99 " S, 32 ° 53 ' 30.00 " E; 65 m. USNM 91747 (Holotype): Eastern margin, 39 km from Cape Vidal / 29 km off Mgobezeleni Estuary, 27 ° 47 ' 21.59 " S, 32 ° 39 ' 03.60 " E; 62 - 84 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
F139A33FC9F21B7F155DAC49234F7A5B.taxon	description	Description. Corallum small to medium-sized (GCD ~ 10.0 - 18.0 mm), with thecal edge diverging in an angle between 28 and 38 °. Calice compressed (GCD: LCD = 1.1 - 1.8), with a slightly serrated calicular margin. Basal scar 6.8 x 4.8 mm in diameter, with 24 septa originating from scar. Largest specimen examined (SAMC _ A 073182) 19.0 x 10.6 mm in CD, and 18.7 mm in H. Theca smooth, sometimes bearing a pair of basal spines. Thecal faces diverge in an angle ~ 18 - 23 ° and thecal edge ~ 35 - 48 °. Anthocyathi and anthocauli remain attached, but fracture zone is demarcated by a thin line. Corallum white, with costae a darker tint of reddish or greenish brown. Septa hexamerally arranged in five cycles, the last cycle incomplete, according to the formula: S 1 - 2> S 3 >> S 4> S 5 (≤ 80 septa). S 1 - 2 bear vertical and sinuous axial margins. S 3 ~ 3 / 4 the width of S 1 - 2, also with sinuous axial margin. S 4 small, ~ 1 / 3 the width of S 3, and bearing dentate axial margin. S 5 rudimentary. Septal faces granular. Fossa deep, with a rudimentary columella formed by the fusion of S 1 - 2 lower axial margins.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
F139A33FC9F21B7F155DAC49234F7A5B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Southern and eastern margin of South Africa, from off Gonubie extending towards Cape Vidal; 62 - 110 m. Elsewhere: Only known from South Africa.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
6D1BDD4BDA0A9B71A98C2462DB8028DC.taxon	description	Fig. 10 O	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
6D1BDD4BDA0A9B71A98C2462DB8028DC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. ORI _ EIb 4 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, Isipingo; depth unknown.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
6D1BDD4BDA0A9B71A98C2462DB8028DC.taxon	description	Description. Colony plocoid, formed by extra-tentacular budding at colony margin. Calices adjacent to each other, and project slightly above coenosteum. Corallites circular to slightly elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.0 - 1.3), reaching ≤ 10.0 mm in CD. Costae prominent, equal in width, and granulated. Intercostal striae deep and porous. Corallum white. Septa hexamerally arranged in four complete cycles according to the formula: S 1 ≥ S 2> S 3> S 4 (≤ 48 septa). S 1 extend to columella with vertical axial margins. S 2 equal or only slightly less wide than S 1, also with straight axial margins. S 3 ~ 1 / 4 the width of S 2, and bear dentate to laciniate axial margins. S 4 rudimentary, but sometimes joining before S 3 in a weak Pourtales plan. S 4 axial margins laciniate. All septa non-exsert. Fossa of moderate depth containing a columella ranging from rudimentary to a large spongy structure.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
6D1BDD4BDA0A9B71A98C2462DB8028DC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off Isipingo (Boshoff 1981); depth unknown. Elsewhere: Cosmopolitan in tropical shallow and warm temperate waters (Cairns and Zibrowius 1997); 0 - 110 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
24E0AB50FF27F7BE9F9FF8C6EF64A285.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Colonies dendroid, bushy, or plocoid, all achieved by extra-tentacular budding. Costate, no epitheca. Septa arranged normally. Pali absent. Columella usually small and spongy.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
79B279843C392ADACF8F55EB18DAFA82.taxon	description	Figs 10 P, 11 A	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
79B279843C392ADACF8F55EB18DAFA82.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SAM _ H 5103 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 59 km from Cape Vidal / 9 km off Mgobezeleni Estuary, 27 ° 36 ' 38.45 " S, 32 ° 40 ' 02.99 " E; 59 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
79B279843C392ADACF8F55EB18DAFA82.taxon	description	Description. Colonies phaceloid, forming small bushy clusters of corallites. Branching achieved by extra-tentacular budding fairly closely at broad base (BD = 1.6). Corallites circular to slightly elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.0 - 1.1), and ≤ 27.4 mm in H. Theca thin and porous. Costae well developed, particularly C 1, which is the same-size as associated primary septa. Corallum white. Tissue pale orange in live specimen. Septa hexamerally arranged in four cycles, last cycle being incomplete, according to the formula: S 1> S 2> S 3 - 4 (48 septa). S 1 exsert, with straight axial margins. S 2 less than 1 / 4 width of S 1, and have dentate axial margins. S 3 - 4 rudimentary, being wider deeper in fossa, and bearing dentate lower axial margins. Fossa of exceptional depth and spacious, containing a spongy columella.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
79B279843C392ADACF8F55EB18DAFA82.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off Aliwal shoal (Cairns and Keller 1993) and Cape Vidal; 9 - 59 m. Elsewhere: Zanzibar; Madagascar (Cairns and Keller 1993); Red Sea (Scheer and Pillai 1983); Australia (Cairns 2004 a); Philippines (Cairns and Zibrowius 1997); Indonesia (van der Horst 1922); New Caledonia (Kitahara and Cairns 2021); Singapore (Dana 1946); 1 - 30 m	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
F6A29578D6C3C09768F40C79BBB7F4DE.taxon	description	Fig. 11 B	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
F6A29578D6C3C09768F40C79BBB7F4DE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. ORI _ EIb 3 (1 specimen): Locality data unknown.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
F6A29578D6C3C09768F40C79BBB7F4DE.taxon	description	Description. Colony dendroid, more or less uniplanar, branching formed by extra-tentacular budding. Coralla reaching ≤ 125.0 mm in H, and 30.0 mm in PD. Corallites projecting at 45 ° angle from axial branch, being circular to slightly elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.1 - 1.5), and reaching ≤ 7 mm in CD. Calicular margin slightly serrated. Theca thin and porous, particularly near calicular margin. Costae well developed, ridged, and granular. Intercostal striae porous. Corallum white and more porous distally. Coenosarc dark green or brown in live specimens. Septa hexamerally arranged in three complete cycles according to the formula: S 1> S 2 >> S 3. S 1 non-exsert with straight axial margins. S 2 ~ 3 / 4 the width of S 1, also having straight axial margins. S 3 rudimentary, and bearing dentate to laciniate axial margins. Fossa of deep, especially that of axial corallites. Columella rudimentary.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
F6A29578D6C3C09768F40C79BBB7F4DE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa (Boshoff 1981); depth unknown. Elsewhere: Mozambique (Cairns and Keller 1993); Red Sea (Scheer and Pillai 1983); Comoro Islands (Schuhmacher 1084); Seychelles (Milne-Edwards and Haime 1848 b); Madagascar (Pichon 1978); Mauritius; Maldives; Nicobar Islands (Scheer and Pillai 1974); Australia; (Cairns 2004 a); wide-spread in the tropical Pacific (Cairns and Zibrowius 1997); 0 - 50 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
660D215B20E40FCB7B184589C8562DBE.taxon	description	Fig. 7 A-D	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
660D215B20E40FCB7B184589C8562DBE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SAMC _ A 072973 (1 specimen): Locality data unknown; 517 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
660D215B20E40FCB7B184589C8562DBE.taxon	description	Description. Corallum trochoid, robust, and firmly attached to substrate through a thick and reinforced pedicel (PD: GCD = 0.40 - 0.5) and encrusting base. Calice circular to slightly elliptical (GCD: LCD = 1.0 - 1.1), sometimes slightly flared, with serrated calicular margin. Largest imaged specimen (MN _ SM 134) 20.0 x 18.0 mm in CD, 8.0 mm in PD, and 19.0 mm in H. Costae well-developed, but unequal in width. C 1 - 2 wider than remaining costae. C 3 - 5 progressively narrower. Intercostal striae, broad. All costae finely granular. Corallum white. Septa hexamerally arranged in five cycles, the last cycle being incomplete, according to the formula: S 1 ≥ S 2> S 3> S 4> S 5 (only one pair of S 5 present in the specimens examined = 50 septa). S 1 - 2 highly exsert, extending towards columella with straight axial margins. Each S 1 - 2 bears a pointed and tall palus. P 1 fuses to columellar elements. S 3 less exsert and 3 / 4 the width of S 2, bearing tall and well-defined pali, which are separated from septa by a wide notch. S 4 less exsert and dimorphic in size: generally, 1 / 4 the width of S 3 (S 4 rudimentary in SAMC _ A 072973) but same size as S 3 when flanked by S 5. S 5 restricted to calicular margin. All septa have straight axial margins, except for S 3 which have straight to slightly sinuous axial margins. Septal faces slightly granular. Pali smooth, indistinguishable from columellar elements, except for P 3 which are thicker than P 1 - 2 and rise higher in fossa. Fossa moderately deep, containing a papillose columella composed of a compact group of rods.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
660D215B20E40FCB7B184589C8562DBE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off Port Edward; 517 - 900 m. Elsewhere: Wallis and Futuna (Cairns 1999 a); New Caledonia (Kitahara and Cairns 2021); New Zealand (Cairns 1995); Celtic Sea, Azores, and Madeira Archipelago (Zibrowius 1980); 500 - 3018 m.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
62A63CF861DEC494D1723C682F720510.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Corallum solitary, patellate to trochoid, and usually firmly attached by a robust pedicel. Septotheca costate. Paliform lobes present on all but last septal cycle. Columella papillose.	en	Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J., Lombard, Amanda T. (2021): Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697
