identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03BE5914116CFFE9E3DB60C3FA0E2C83.text	03BE5914116CFFE9E3DB60C3FA0E2C83.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Geothelphusa boreas Shy & Shih & Mao 2021	<div><p>Geothelphusa boreas sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs. 4–5)</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6DC2B082-D052-49B3-B243-941D38306477</p> <p>Geothelphusa sp. 1. — Shih et al. 2011: 461.</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype: 1 ♂ (21.2 × 16.4 mm) (NCHUZOOL 13615), Hapen River, head branch of Danshuei (= Tansui) River, the <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.576385&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.758333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.576385/lat 24.758333)">Fushan Botanical Garden area</a>, New Taipei City (24°45’30”N; 121°34’35”E), elevation of 740 m, coll. H.-T. Shih, 16 Feb. 1994. Paratypes: 3 ♂♂ (15.7 × 12.4–19.0 × 14.7 mm), 2 ♀♀ (15.3 × 12.1, 17.1 × 13.1 mm) (NCHUZOOL 13429), 1 ♂ (16.2 × 13.2 mm) (ZRC 2021.0648); same data as holotype. Others: 7 ♂♂ (11.4 × 9.2–15.3 × 12.2 mm), 1 ♀ (16.6 × 12.9 mm) (NCHUZOOL 13616), Dakeng Bridge, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.85361&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.530083" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.85361/lat 24.530083)">Suao</a>, Yilan (24°31’48.3”N; 121°51’13.0”E), elevation of 280 m, coll. Y.-H. Wang et al., 8 Sep. 2010; 2 ♀♀ (15.1 × 10.9, 16.7 × 12.8 mm) (NCHUZOOL 16436), around the lake of Shenmihu, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.74963&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.37886" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.74963/lat 24.37886)">Nan-ao</a>, Yilan (24°22'43.9"N; 121°44'58.7"E), elevation of 1100 m, coll. J.-J. Mao, 10 Mar. 2018; 1 ♂ (12.7 × 9.7 mm), 1 ♀ (13.9 × 10.5 mm) (NCHUZOOL 14998), 1 ♀ (13.5 × 10.3 mm) (ZRC 2021.0649), Tongshan, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.63616&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.500973" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.63616/lat 24.500973)">Nan-ao</a>, Yilan (24°30'15.5"N; 121°37'41.8"E – 24°30'03.5"N; 121°38'10.2"E), elevation of 1735–1880 m, coll. J.-J. Mao, 26 Sep. 2009.</p> <p>Comparative material. Geothelphusa takuan Shy, Ng &amp; Yu, 1994: see “Material examined” under Geothelphusa takuan; Geothelphusa tali Shy, Ng &amp; Yu, 1994: 1 holotype male (NTOU F10187), Dali (= Tali), Yilan Co., Taiwan, coll. J.-Y. Shy &amp; W.-L. Tsay, 4 Apr. 1993.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Carapace length, width 1.7-, 2.3-times carapace height, respectively. Anterolateral margins distinct, lined with inconspicuous granules, without epibranchial tooth. Subterminal segment of G1 (Fig. 3A–C) curving inwards, outer proximal margin without tooth; terminal segment slightly curving outwards to almost straight; total length of G1 5.8 times terminal segment.</p> <p>Description. Carapace (Fig. 2A, B) swollen longitudinally, transversely; dorsal surface smooth, glabrous, with fine pits. Carapace length, width 1.7-, 2.3-times carapace height, respectively. Frontal margin slightly dived into 2 lobes, without tooth. Postorbital cristae distinct, supraorbital margin smooth, without granules; infraorbital margin smooth to almost smooth, lined with inconspicuous granules. External orbital angles stout, external orbital regions concave. Anterolateral margins distinct, lined with inconspicuous granules, without epibranchial tooth. Postorbital cristae faint, smooth. Gastric, cardiac, intestinal regions smooth. H-shaped groove distinct. Tip of medium lobe of epistome stout. Distance between tip of sternopleonal cavity (Fig. 2C) and anterior margin of thoracic sternite 3 about 2.2 times length of thoracic sternites 1 and 2.</p> <p>Chelipeds (Fig. 2A, B) of adult male unequal, fingers of larger chela forming obliquely triangular gape when closed. Ambulatory legs (Fig. 2A, C) smooth, dorsal, ventral margins of dactyli with 2 rows of small spines, respectively. Second leg about 1.8 carapace length. Telson bell-shaped, moderately short, width about 1.5 length.</p> <p>Subterminal segment of G1 (Fig. 3A–C) curving inwards, outer proximal margin without tooth in most specimen, some smaller specimen (&lt;13.8 mm) with low tooth, inner proximal margin slightly dilated; terminal segment slightly curving outwards to almost straight; total length of G1 5.8 times terminal segment; length of synovial membrane about 4.6 times maximum width. Outer proximal margin of basal segment of G2 (Fig. 3D) dilated, showing a single lobe; distal segment short, about 0.16 times total length.</p> <p>Etymology. The species is derived from the Greek “ boreas ” (for north), alluding to the northernmost distribution of this species in the Central Range.</p> <p>Ecological notes. The specimens were collected from the montane area with an elevation of 740 m (the Fushan Botanical Garden area) to 1100 m (Shenmihu) and about 1800 m (Tonghsan), but also extended to the coastal cliff area of Suao (elevation of 280 m) (Fig. 1). The distributional range of this species covers an area of 45 km (from Fushan to Shenmihu; Fig. 1). There was running water in most habitats (Fig. 2D–F), but some crabs were more semiterrestrial, hiding under fallen leaves with only some seepage in Tongshan (Fig. 2G, H). Other species sympatric with this species include members of the G. eucrinodonta species complex, G. tali and G. ilan Shy, Ng &amp; Yu, 1994 in Fushan area (Shih et al. 2010). In the higher altitude (Tongshan and Shenmihu), the habitats of the new species are near the Fagus hayatae (Taiwan beech) forest (Fig. 2E–H), with the mean (and standard deviation) water temperature 17.66 ± 2.12 oC (April 2018) and 23.25 ± 1.78 oC (May to September 2018), pH 7.4 ± 0.3 (April to October 2018) and dissolved oxygen 8.7 ± 0.9 mg /L (April to October 2018) in Shenmihu (Fig. 2F).</p> <p>Remarks. Geothelphusa boreas sp. nov. is morphologically most similar to G. takuan and G. tali which occurs in adjacent regions in northern Taiwan. The G1 structures remain the best way to separate them. The subterminal segment of the G1 of G. tali is straight (Shy et al. 2020: fig. 124), while those of present new species and G. takuan are distinctly curved inwards (Figs. 3, 4A, B; Shy et al. 2020: fig. 121). In addition, the G1 subterminal segment in G. takuan has a distinct tooth on the outer proximal margin (Fig. 4A), while in G. boreas, there is usually no tooth present on the structure (or at most with a faint knob in some small individuals) (Fig. 3A). The distance between the tip of the sternopleonal cavity and the anterior margin of thoracic sternite 3 in G. takuan and G. tali being 1.0 times and 1.2 times the length of sternites 1 and 2, respectively, which are shorter than the ratio 2.2 times in G. boreas.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BE5914116CFFE9E3DB60C3FA0E2C83	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shy, Jhy-Yun;Shih, Hsi-Te;Mao, Jean-Jay	Shy, Jhy-Yun, Shih, Hsi-Te, Mao, Jean-Jay (2021): Geothelphusa boreas, a new montane freshwater crab (Crustacea: Potamidae Geothelphusa) from northeastern Taiwan, and the identity of G. hirsuta Tan & Liu, 1998. Zootaxa 5060 (1): 93-104, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.1.4
03BE59141169FFE8E3DB66D7FE7A2ACB.text	03BE59141169FFE8E3DB66D7FE7A2ACB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Geothelphusa takuan Shy, Ng & Yu 1994	<div><p>Geothelphusa takuan Shy, Ng &amp; Yu, 1994</p> <p>(Fig. 4)</p> <p>Geothelphusa takuan Shy, Ng &amp; Yu, 1994: 823, fig. 20a–f [type locality: Daguan, Fusing, Taoyuan]; Dai 1999: 387; Shy &amp; Yu 1999: 75, 2 un-numbered figs.; Ng et al. 2001: 51; Chen et al. 2007a: 881, fig. 8A1–A3; Chen et al. 2007b: 906, fig. 4B; Shy &amp; Lee 2009: 184, 8 un-numbered figs.; Shih et al. 2011: 461; Ng et al. 2017: 81; Shy et al. 2020: 154, figs. 119–121.</p> <p>Geothelphusa hirsuta Tan &amp; Liu, 1998: 288, fig. 2A–E [type locality: Tai-an, Miaoli County, Taiwan]; Ng et al. 2001: 50; Shy &amp; Lee 2009: 137, 7 un-numbered figs.; Shih et al. 2011: 461; Ng et al. 2017: 79; Shy et al. 2020: 82, figs. 66–68.</p> <p>Material examined. Types: holotype male (NTOU F10205), Daguan (= Takuan), Fusing (= Fuhsing), Taoyuan Co., Taiwan, coll. J.-Y. Shy &amp; W.-L. Tsay, 1 Nov. 1992. Geothelphusa hirsuta Tan &amp; Liu, 1998: holotype male (TMCD 3285), 1 paratype male (TMCD 3292), Guanwu (= Kuanwu), Tai-an, Maioli (24°30’17.5”N 121°07’09.9”E), elevation of 2060 m, coll. H.-C. Liu, 13 Nov. 1993. Others: 3 ♂♂ (12.0– 16.2 mm), 3 ♀♀ (12.1–15.9 mm) (NCHUZOOL 13285), Daguanshan (= <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.43589&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.708029" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.43589/lat 24.708029)">Lalashan</a>), <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.43589&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.708029" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.43589/lat 24.708029)">Fusing</a>, Taoyuan (24°42’28.9”N, 121°26’09.2”E), elevation of 1650 m, coll. H.- T. Shih, 4 Dec. 2000; 3 ♂♂ (12.4 × 10.4–17.4 × 13.0 mm), 1 ♀ (17.3 × 12.8 mm) (NCHUZOOL 16435), Daguanshan (= Lalashan), <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.43589&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.708029" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.43589/lat 24.708029)">Fusing</a>, Taoyuan (24°42’28.9”N, 121°26’09.2”E), elevation of 1650 m, coll. Y.-H. Wang et al. 7 Sep. 2010; 4 ♂♂ (13.2 × 10.8 –16.1 × 12.1 mm), 1 ♀ (16.2 × 13.4 mm) (NCHUZOOL 17041), Smangus, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.346504&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.578222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.346504/lat 24.578222)">Jianshih</a>, Hsinchu County (24°34'41.6"N, 121°20'47.4"E), elevation of 1560 m, coll. J.-J. Li, 3 Apr. 2021; 3 ♂♂ (14.8 × 11.6–18.4 × 13.7 mm), 5 ♀♀ (16.5 × 13.3–20.2 × 14.9 mm) (NCHUZOOL 13432), Syueba Farm, Wufeng, Hsinchu County, coll. 1 Dec. 2001; 1 ♂ (18.7 × 14.3 mm) (NCHUZOOL 13431), Sihmasian Forest Road, Tai-an, Miaoli.</p> <p>Ecological notes: In Daguanshan, Geothelphusa takuan is sympatric with G. ilan. In Smangus, G. takuan is sympatric with G. ilan, G. cilan and G. sp.</p> <p>Remarks: Based on the figure in Tan &amp; Liu (1998: fig. 2), the G1 of G. hirsuta with the subterminal segment curves outwards, which is different from the inward curved subterminal segment of G. takuan (Shy et al. 1994). However, after reexamining on the holotype of G. hirsuta (TMCD 3285), we found both the right and left G1s (and G2s) were dissected and stored in small tubes separately. By comparing the right G1 detached from the adult male paratype (TMCD 3292), the labels of left and right on the tubes of holotype are confirmed to be actually reversed. That is, the figure and description for the G1 and G 2 in Tan &amp; Liu (1998) are actually left ones instead. Our reexamination of the right G1s of the holotype (Fig. 4C, D) and paratype of G. hirsuta, found no difference from that of the holotype of G. takuan (NTOU F10205) (Fig. 4A, B). We also find that they differ only in the anterolateral margins, with G. hirsuta having lined with relatively clear granules (Shy et al. 2020: fig. 66) and G. takuan having lined with lower granules (Shy et al. 2020: fig. 119), too small a difference to warrant their recognition as separate taxa. With regard to the genetic similarity for the two species, see “DNA analyses and discussion”. Geographically, although the distance between the two type localities of G. takuan (Fig. 1: no. 5) and G. hirsuta (Fig. 1: no. 8) is about 40 km, they belongs to the same mountain range, the Hsuehshan Range (Fig. 1), and a continuous distribution of a single species is expected.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BE59141169FFE8E3DB66D7FE7A2ACB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shy, Jhy-Yun;Shih, Hsi-Te;Mao, Jean-Jay	Shy, Jhy-Yun, Shih, Hsi-Te, Mao, Jean-Jay (2021): Geothelphusa boreas, a new montane freshwater crab (Crustacea: Potamidae Geothelphusa) from northeastern Taiwan, and the identity of G. hirsuta Tan & Liu, 1998. Zootaxa 5060 (1): 93-104, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5060.1.4
