identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
85338786FFEBD55F7A884E95FBB181FC.text	85338786FFEBD55F7A884E95FBB181FC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophiopogon dolichocaulis K. S. Nguyen, N. Tanaka & Aver. 2021	<div><p>Ophiopogon dolichocaulis K.S.Nguyen, N.Tanaka &amp; Aver., sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 2)</p> <p>Most similar to O. chingii, but distinguished by a combination of several traits such as thick rigid prop roots, numerous acute, often longer leaves with a midrib raised abaxially, comparatively short floral stalks (pedicel and basal stalky part of flower), and slightly larger flowers with greenish narrowly hastate-deltoid anthers.</p> <p>Type: — VIETNAM. Son La Province: Muong La District, Muong La Nature Reserve, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.10882&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.6024" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.10882/lat 21.6024)">Ngoc Chien Commune</a>, remnant primary evergreen broad-leaved forest on sandstone mountains, along ridge or on slopes at elevation of 1300 m a.s.l., around point 21.60240°N 104.10882°E, terrestrial erect to suberect perennial herb, 40–60 cm tall, flowers abaxially white with purplish violet smears and dots, adaxially almost white, locally not rare, August 2020, Nguyen Sinh Khang &amp; Lo Van Chieu, NSK 1348 (holotype HN!, isotype HN!).</p> <p>Description: —Herb terrestrial, glabrous, evergreen, perennial. Stem simple, usually decumbent and flexuous in proximal part, erect to suberect in distal part, (5)10–35(40) cm tall, (0.5)0.6–0.8(1) cm in diameter., densely covered with leaf sheaths, proximally with 3–5 semi-woody prop roots; prop roots rigid, fleshy, greenish to brown, (2.5)3–4(4.5) mm in diameter. Leaves 50–60, spirally, consecutively and densely scattered over aerial part of stem, arching, linear, slightly falcate, attenuate at base and apex, (15)20–35(40) cm long, (7)8–11(13) mm wide, leathery, glabrous, adaxial surface glossy, uniformly light grass-green when young, becoming darker green with age; abaxial longitudinal veins 11–18 (including marginal ones), light pale green, midrib (midvein) somewhat raised, intervein regions paler; leaf margin finely serrulate; proximal part with white scarious wings (3)4–5(6) mm wide and transversely minutely plicate. Flowering stem (including peduncle and rachis) geniculately bent proximally, ascending or horizontally spreading, flexuose, fleshy, somewhat twisted, with 15–20 prominent longitudinal ridges, nearly tetragonal in cross section, green tinged with dirty bluish violet; peduncle (1.5)2–3(3.5) cm long, (3)3.2–3.8(4) mm in diameter, ebracteate; inflorescence a lax raceme with 10–16 distant fascicles of (1)2–3(4) flowers; rachis (5)6–7(8) cm long; pedicels arising from axils of bracts, acroscopic, terete, usually dirty bluish violet, (1.5)2–4(4.5) mm long, (0.4)0.5–0.6(0.7) mm in diameter, distally slightly narrowed, forming a distinct articulation to basal stalky part of perianth; floral bracts fasciculate, outermost bract acroscopic, glabrous, lanceolate to narrowly triangular, (7)9–13(15) mm long, (2.5)3–4(4.5) mm wide, acute, cymbiform, light pale green to dirty bluish violet on both surfaces, margin scarious, more or less irregularly undulate; inner bracts (bracteoles) similar to outermost bract in texture, shape and color, but much smaller, (1.5)2– 4.5(5) mm long, (0.8)1–1.5(2) mm wide. Flowers cernuous, campanulate, (7.5)8–9(9.5) mm long, (7)7.5–8.5(9) mm across, odorless, enectariferous. Perianth fleshy, glabrous, proximally syntepalous, distally 6-cleft; syntepalous part (including basal stalky part 1–2 mm long) funnel-form, purplish violet, (3)3.2–3.8(4) mm long, (2)2.2–2.8(3) mm in diameter at summit; lobes 6, ovate to narrowly ovate, outer 3 slightly wider than inner 3, (5.2)5.5–6.5(6.8) mm long, (2.3)2.5–3(3.2) mm wide, white tinged with purplish violet, margins entire, somewhat undulate, revolute, apex subacute to obtuse, recurved. Stamens 6, free, inserted at base of each perianth lobe; filaments trapezoidal, 0.3–0.4 mm long, 0.8–1 mm wide, ca. 0.2 mm thick, greenish white to white; anthers slightly connivent distally, dorsi-basifixed, subsessile, narrowly hastate-deltoid (lateral sides somewhat concave and dilated toward base), (2.9)3–3.2(3.3) mm long, (1.2)1.3–1.4(1.5) mm wide at base, 0.6–0.8 mm thick, introrse, apical portion of each theca dehiscing earlier, light pale yellowish green. Pistil 1, tricarpellate, white; ovary inferior, nearly obovoid, apex subtruncate, slightly convex above, but somewhat concave in center around base of style, 3-locular; each locule with 2 ovules on basal part of ovary central axis, obovoid to subglobose; style awl-shaped, erect, straight or slightly curved distally, (5)5.2– 5.5(5.7) mm long, 0.5–0.7 mm in diameter, longitudinally slightly 3-sulcate; stigma minute, subacute to obtuse. Seeds ellipsoid, (9)10–12(13) mm long, (6)6.5–8(8.5) mm in diameter, sarcotesta externally cobalt blue at maturity, glossy, albumen white.</p> <p>Paratype: — VIETNAM. Son La Province: Muong La District, Muong La Nature Reserve, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.10543&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.60356" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.10543/lat 21.60356)">Ngoc Chien Commune</a>, remnant primary evergreen broad-leaved forest on sandstone mountains, from foot to middle of slopes at elevation of 1000–1350 m a.s.l., around point 21.60356°N 104.10543°E, terrestrial perennial herb erect to suberect, 45–60 cm tall, fruits glossy, cobalt blue, locally not rare, March 2019, Nguyen Sinh Khang, Nguyen Phuong Hanh, Tran Duc Binh, Nguyen Duc Thang &amp; Lo Van Chieu, NSK 1155 (HN!).</p> <p>Etymology: —The specific epithet is a Greek-derived adjectival compound, referring to the comparatively ‘long stem’ of the new species.</p> <p>Habitat and conservation status: ― Ophiopogon dolichocaulis grows as undergrowth in the humid or wet locations of the primary evergreen broad-leaved forest covering the foot to middle part of sandstone mountains at elevation of 1000–1350 m a.s.l. It was not rare in the surveyed area; in our estimation, approximately 100 to 200 mature plants occur in the area of about 2000 m 2. The habitat has been protected by regional authorities from any artificial disturbance such as deforestation and exploitation for timber and non-timber forest products. Since several other provinces in northwestern Vietnam, such as Lai Chau, Lao Cai and Yen Bai, also have sandstone mountains, it is highly probable that more populations of the new species are present in other locations similar in habitat condition to the type locality. Ophiopogon dolichocaulis is tentatively assessed here as “data deficient” (DD) in accordance with the IUCN Red List categories and criteria (2019).</p> <p>Phenology: —Flowers in August–September, fruits in February–March.</p> <p>Distribution: ―NW Vietnam (Son La Province, Muong La District, Muong La Nature Reserve).</p> <p>Taxonomic relationships: ―Sharing leaves scattered over an elongate aerial stem, leaf basal wings that are white, scarious and transversely minutely plicate, and campanulate flowers, Ophiopogon dolichocaulis is apparently morphologically closest to O. chingii Wang &amp; Tang (1937: 282). Ophiopogon chingii is distributed widely in Vietnam and southwestern China and morphologically highly variable (Tanaka 2000a). In particular, O. chingii var. glaucifolius F.T.Wang &amp; L.K.Dai in Wang &amp; Tang (1978: 252) with broader glaucous leaves was once segregated, but later it was reduced to a synonym of O. chingii (Chen and Tamura 2000, Tanaka 2000a) due to the existence of intermediate forms. The new species is distinguished from O. chingii by a combination of the following traits: thick (2.5–4.5 vs. often less than 2.5 mm in diameter) rigid (vs. soft) roots, acute (vs. often obtuse or subobtuse) leaves 15–40 (vs. 7–28) cm long with a more prominent midrib raised abaxially, somewhat thicker (nearly tetragonal in cross section vs. complanate), prominently (vs. often scarcely) ridged peduncle and rachis, slightly larger flowers (e.g. perianth lobes 5.2–6.8 × 2.3–3.2 vs. 4.3–5.8 × 1.5–2.1 mm), pedicel and basal stalky part of flower up to 6.5 (vs. 9.5) mm long, and narrowly hastate-deltoid (vs. lanceolate) anthers (numerical data on O. chingii is taken from Tanaka 2000a).</p> <p>In its scattered leaves and thick rigid prop roots, the new species is also similar to Ophiopogon fruticulosus Aver., N.Tanaka &amp; K.S.Nguyen in Averyanov et al. (2015: 28) known from Tuyen Quang Province in northern Vietnam, but is readily distinguished mainly by the shorter aerial stem (up to 0.4 vs. 0.6–1.5 m tall), campanulate (vs. sub-urceolate) flowers, thinner perianth lobes and thinner (vs. strongly incrassate) anther connectives.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/85338786FFEBD55F7A884E95FBB181FC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Nguyen, Khang Sinh;Tanaka, Noriyuki;Averyanov, Leonid V.;Maisak, Tatiana V.;Nguyen, Phuong Hanh;Tran, Duc Binh	Nguyen, Khang Sinh, Tanaka, Noriyuki, Averyanov, Leonid V., Maisak, Tatiana V., Nguyen, Phuong Hanh, Tran, Duc Binh (2021): Two new species, Ophiopogon dolichocaulis and O. trigonantherus (Asparagaceae), from northern Vietnam. Phytotaxa 523 (4): 291-298, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.523.4.3
85338786FFEFD55D7A8848C3FE948355.text	85338786FFEFD55D7A8848C3FE948355.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophiopogon trigonantherus N. Tanaka & Aver. 2021	<div><p>Ophiopogon trigonantherus N.Tanaka &amp; Aver., sp. nov. (Fig. 3)</p> <p>Most similar to O. rupestris, but differs chiefly in its longer stem with slightly more distant annual clusters of leaves, leaves with fewer longitudinal veins, larger flowers, broader, more incrassate filaments, larger, more yellowish triangular anthers, and in flowering season.</p> <p>Type: — Holotype (LE 01049699 http://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&amp;ea=edit&amp;id=4195) prepared on 19 April 2019 by L. Averyanov and T. Maisak from cultivated plant CPC 7574 / TM 1198 a (photo - LE 01122879 http://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&amp;id=99499), which was originally collected on 21 November 2014 by L. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.83139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.820946" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.83139/lat 22.820946)">Averyanov</a> et al. in: VIETNAM. Cao Bang Province: <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.83139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.820946" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.83139/lat 22.820946)">Bao Lac District</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.83139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.820946" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.83139/lat 22.820946)">Hong An Municipality</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.83139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.820946" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.83139/lat 22.820946)">Mi Lung Village</a>, around point 22°49’15.4’’N 105°49’53’’E, at elevation 1500–1550 m a.s.l..</p> <p>Description: —Herb terrestrial, evergreen, perennial. Stem erect, usually unbranched, to 20 cm tall, 1‒1.5(2) cm in diameter, densely imbricately covered with pale brown papyraceous wings of leaf sheath remnants, proximally with few rigid semi-woody prop roots. Leaves borne in several shortly distant clusters along stem, horizontally spreading or slightly arching, shortly petiolate; petiole rigid, thick, recurved, (1.5)2‒2.5(3) cm long, (1.5)2‒2.5(3) mm wide; blade oblong, broadly lanceolate or elliptic, often slightly oblique, acute, shortly acuminate or apiculate at apex, (5)7‒ 12(14) cm long, (1.8)2.2‒2.8(3.2) cm wide, entire, coriaceous, glabrous; adaxial surface uniformly dark green, main longitudinal veins 5‒7, secondary veins indistinct; abaxial surface with many longitudinal parallel narrow green veins (principal veins usually 17‒19, including outermost, marginal ones), intervein portions glaucous, white. Flowering stem slightly curved distally; peduncle erect, straight, 2‒2.5(3) cm long, 2‒2.5 mm in diameter, ebracteate, dark violet; inflorescence a short sublax raceme bearing 2‒3(4)-flowered fascicles in axils of bracts; rachis 2‒2.5(3) cm long, finely ridged. Bracts on rachis narrowly triangular, tapering to apex, (2.5)3‒5(6) mm long, (0.4)0.5–1(1.2) mm wide, green, often with violet tint in basal part; bracteoles subtending pedicel smaller, triangular, (0.4)0.5‒0.8(1) mm long and wide, dull light brownish, scarious along margin. Pedicels terete, (2.5)3‒5(5.5) mm long, (0.8)1(1.2) mm in diameter, slightly arching, white with light violet tint. Flowers cernuous, campanulate, (7)8‒9(10) mm long, (8)10‒ 11(12) mm across, odorless, enectariferous. Perianth proximally syntepalous, distally 6-lobed; basal stalky part of flower cylindric, slightly curved, white tinged with purple-violet; lobes subsimilar (outer 3 somewhat narrower than inner 3), slightly cymbiform, triangular ovate, obtuse to rounded, sometimes shortly apiculate, recurved, (5)5.5‒6.5(7) mm long, (3)3.5‒4(4.5) mm wide, thick, white tipped with violet. Androecium broadly conic; stamens 6, each inserted at base of perianth lobe; filaments short, broad, incrassate, white; anthers strongly connivent, distally often slightly recurved, triangular, subacute, 2.8–3 mm long, 2.4‒2.6 mm wide, introrse, bright greenish yellow (including dorsal connective). Pistil 1, tricarpellate; ovary inferior, obconoid, (5)5.5‒6(6.5) mm long, 4‒4.5 mm wide at top, 3-locular; each locule with 2 ovules at basal portion of ovary central axis; ovary top subtruncate, slightly convex above, but sunken in center around base of style; style erect, straight, cylindric, slightly narrowing toward apex, 5–6 mm long, 0.6–0.8 mm in diameter; stigma small, entire to indistinctly 3-lobed. Fruits (seeds) unknown.</p> <p>Paratype: — VIETNAM. Cao Bang Province: Bao Lac District, Hong An Municipality, Mi Lung Village, primary broad-leaved and mixed humid evergreen forest (with Podocarpus, Pinus, Fokienia and Tsuga) on very steep slopes and along rocky ridge composed of highly eroded, solid crystalline limestone at elevation about 1500–1550 m a.s.l. around point 22.816667°N 105.831389°E, terrestrial herb in shady wet place on rocky mossy mountain slope, not common, 21 November 2014, L. Averyanov, N.T. Hiep, N.S. Khang, T. Maisak, L. Osinovetz, CPC 7574 (Herbarium of Center for Plant Conservation, Hanoi).</p> <p>Etymology: —The specific epithet is a Greek-derived adjectival compound, referring to the ‘triangular anthers’ unique to the new species.</p> <p>Habitat and conservation status: —Occurs usually in shady wet places on very steep mossy slopes near mountain tops at elevations of 1500–1550 m a.s.l., which are composed of crystalline karstic limestone and covered with primary evergreen humid broad-leaved and mixed forest (with Podocarpus, Pinus, Fokienia and Tsuga), not common. Estimated IUCN status – DD.</p> <p>Phenology: —Flowers in cultivation in April–May.</p> <p>Distribution: —Limestone areas in N Vietnam (Cao Bang Province, Bao Lac District).</p> <p>Taxonomic relationships: — Ophiopogon trigonantherus is most closely similar to O. rupestris Aver. &amp; N.Tanaka in Averyanov et al. (2013: 233) known from northern Vietnam (Phu Tho Province), but differs mainly in its stem to 20 (vs. to 10) cm long with slightly more distant annual clusters of leaves, petioles 1.5‒3 (vs. 4‒5) mm wide, leaf blades 5–14 × 1.8–3.2 (vs. 12‒20 × 3‒4.5) cm with 17–19 (vs. to ca. 27) longitudinal veins, flowers 8–12 (vs. 4–7) mm across, perianth lobes 5‒7 × 3‒4.5 (vs. 3‒4.5 × 2‒2.5) mm, more broadly conoid androecium, triangular (vs. narrowly lanceolate) anthers 2.8–3 × 2.4‒2.6 (vs. 2 × 0.5‒0.6) mm, and ovaries 5‒6.5 × 4‒4.5 (vs. 3.5‒4 × 2‒3) mm. In addition, the new species flowers in cultivation in April and May, whereas O. rupestris flowers in nature in September and October.</p> <p>The new species is also close to Ophiopogon dracaenoides (Baker 1874: 174) Hooker (1892: 268), but readily distinguishable mainly by the stem to 20 cm long (vs. 65 cm or longer), shorter intervals between annual clusters of leaves, broader more incrassate filaments, and broader, triangular (vs. lanceolate) anthers (data on O. dracaenoides from Tanaka 2000b).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/85338786FFEFD55D7A8848C3FE948355	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Nguyen, Khang Sinh;Tanaka, Noriyuki;Averyanov, Leonid V.;Maisak, Tatiana V.;Nguyen, Phuong Hanh;Tran, Duc Binh	Nguyen, Khang Sinh, Tanaka, Noriyuki, Averyanov, Leonid V., Maisak, Tatiana V., Nguyen, Phuong Hanh, Tran, Duc Binh (2021): Two new species, Ophiopogon dolichocaulis and O. trigonantherus (Asparagaceae), from northern Vietnam. Phytotaxa 523 (4): 291-298, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.523.4.3
