taxonID	type	description	language	source
10B2969BF6335D88B90BF88C9B6AA244.taxon	description	Figures 1 C, 2 C, 3 C, 5, 6	en	Chang, Chih-Yi, Tzeng, Hsy-Yu, Tseng, Yen-Hsueh (2021): Cirsium taiwanense (Compositae, Cirsium sect. Onotrophe, subsect. Australicirsium), a new species from Taiwan. PhytoKeys 183: 35-53, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.183.70119, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.183.70119
10B2969BF6335D88B90BF88C9B6AA244.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from C. hosokawae in having a yellow corolla (vs. vivid purplish red corolla), a narrower angle between the midrib and lateral veins of the cauline leaves (( 44 -) 52 - 73 ° vs. 82 - 90 °), and usually more florets (101 - 135 (- 194) vs. 54 - 111) and phyllaries (90 - 127 vs. 68 - 109) per capitulum. Differs from C. arisanense by its nodding mature capitula (vs. erect), erect corolla lobes (vs. revolute), and a densely cobwebby abaxial leaf surface (vs. without cobwebby indumentum).	en	Chang, Chih-Yi, Tzeng, Hsy-Yu, Tseng, Yen-Hsueh (2021): Cirsium taiwanense (Compositae, Cirsium sect. Onotrophe, subsect. Australicirsium), a new species from Taiwan. PhytoKeys 183: 35-53, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.183.70119, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.183.70119
10B2969BF6335D88B90BF88C9B6AA244.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Taiwan. Nantou County, Ren'ai Township, Provincial Rd. No. 14 A 21 km, 2605 m alt., 24.11438 ° N, 121.21821 ° E, 15 July 2020. C. Y. Chang 2976 (holotype: TCF; isotype: TNM, PPI).	en	Chang, Chih-Yi, Tzeng, Hsy-Yu, Tseng, Yen-Hsueh (2021): Cirsium taiwanense (Compositae, Cirsium sect. Onotrophe, subsect. Australicirsium), a new species from Taiwan. PhytoKeys 183: 35-53, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.183.70119, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.183.70119
10B2969BF6335D88B90BF88C9B6AA244.taxon	description	Description. Perennial herbs, stems 0.5 - 1.0 m tall, internodes terete. Leaves pinnatipartite or pinnatisect, space between pinnae V-shaped, adaxial surface puberulent or cobwebby, abaxial surface densely cobwebby, margin spinose; rosette leaves narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, base cuneate to attenuate, apex narrowly acute, 19.5 - 34.1 x 4.1 - 7.4 cm, angle between the midrib and the lateral veins (40 -) 55 - 76 °; pinnae 7 - 11 pairs, 0.9 - 2.6 x 1.2 - 2.1 mm, space between pinnae 0.4 - 1.2 cm, petiole 1.5 - 4.0 cm; cauline leaves narrowly elliptic to narrowly triangular, base cordate, apex narrowly acute, 9.0 - 25.5 x 2.2 - 6.9 cm, angle between the midrib and the lateral veins (44 -) 52 - 73 °; pinnae 5 - 8 pairs, 1.3 - 2.1 x 0.8 - 1.9 cm, space between pinnae 0.6 - 1.5 cm, sessile. Capitula solitary or 2 - 6 arranged into racemes or panicles, mature capitula nodding. Involucre urceolate, more or less cobwebby, 2.8 - 3.4 x 1.4 - 1.9 cm; phyllaries 90 - 127, in 5 - 7 series, apex acute, midrib distinct, (0.3 -) 0.5 - 1.4 x 1.5 - 2.1 mm, length ratio of inner and outer phyllaries 2.2 - 3.6, the reflexed part of the phyllaries 1.5 - 3.1 mm long. Receptacle flat, densely bristly. Florets 101 - 135 (- 194), 2.2 - 3.1 cm long, with yellow corolla, corolla lobes 5, linear, erect, 3.0 - 5.1 x 0.4 - 0.7 mm, corolla tube fistulose with 2 sections, the inflated section of corolla tube 4.1 - 5.8 mm long; synantherous stamens 5, anthers brown, 5.9 - 8.3 mm long, base with caudate extensions, filaments 3.0 - 4.5 mm long with irregular protuberances; stigmas bifid, styles 2.0 - 2.5 cm long, style arm 2.6 - 2.7 mm long, ovaries (1.6 -) 3.2 - 4.1 mm long. Achenes oblong, base acute, apex truncate, beige, 3.5 - 4.5 x 1.5 - 1.8 mm, compressed, 4 - angled, ribbed, beak heart-shaped; pappus copious, plumose, bristles in many series, 1.55 - 1.65 cm long, forming basal ring, easily shed.	en	Chang, Chih-Yi, Tzeng, Hsy-Yu, Tseng, Yen-Hsueh (2021): Cirsium taiwanense (Compositae, Cirsium sect. Onotrophe, subsect. Australicirsium), a new species from Taiwan. PhytoKeys 183: 35-53, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.183.70119, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.183.70119
10B2969BF6335D88B90BF88C9B6AA244.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Endemic species of Taiwan. Cirsium taiwanense grows in open areas between Querus forest and Abies forest at 1400 - 3400 m a. s. l. in central-northern Taiwan. Cirsium taiwanense usually grows at sunny sites. Common companion species are Artemisia morrisonensis Hayata (Compositae), Lilium formosanum Wallace (Liliaceae), Salix fulvopubescens Hayata (Salicaceae) and Rubus pectinellus Maxim. (Rosaceae).	en	Chang, Chih-Yi, Tzeng, Hsy-Yu, Tseng, Yen-Hsueh (2021): Cirsium taiwanense (Compositae, Cirsium sect. Onotrophe, subsect. Australicirsium), a new species from Taiwan. PhytoKeys 183: 35-53, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.183.70119, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.183.70119
10B2969BF6335D88B90BF88C9B6AA244.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined. Taiwan. Hsingchu County, Jianshi Township, Mt. Itsashan, 7 Sept. 1993. C. L. Huang 78 (HAST!). Miaoli County, Taian Township, en route from 99 lodge to Mt. Tapachienshan, 11 Aug. 1985. C. I Peng 8492, 8542, 8543, 8544, 8545, 8546 (HAST!); same loc., 2 Nov. 1996. C. M. Wang 2384 (TNM!); Taian, 13 Sept. 1996. C. H. Chen 1870 (TAIE!); 99 Lodge, 2780 m alt., 2 Nov. 1996. C. M. Wang 2384 (HAST!); Mt. Hsishihshan, 27 Oct. 1976. B. P. Yang 81 (TAIF!). Taichung City, Heping District, Mt. Nanhutashan, 21 Sept. 1969. T. Yamazaki 281 (TI!); Yunleng cabin to Mt. Duojiatunshan, 26 June 1994. C. M. Wang 1026 (TNM!); en route from entrance to Yunleng cabin, 27 July 2019. C. Y. Chang 2478 (TCF); Derji, 3 July 1974. C. I Peng 15 (TAI!); en route from entrance to Chika Lodge, 1 June 2003. C. M. Wang 6908 (TNM!); same loc., 19 June 2009. C. M. Wang 13025 (TNM!); same loc., 20 Jun. 2011. C. I Huang 5273 (HAST!); same loc., 16 July 2009. Y. H. Tseng 4697 (TCF); same loc., 9 Feb. 2021. C. Y. Chang 3269 (TCF); en route from Chika lodge to Mt. Syue east peak, 7 Aug. 1986. C. I Peng 9660 (HAST!); same loc., 11 Sept. 2002. C. I Huang 1238 (HAST!; TNM!); same loc., 21 June 2011. C. I Huang 5290 (HAST!); en route from Chika lodge to 369 Lodge, 15 June 1985. C. I Peng 7887 (HAST!); behind 369 Lodge, margin of Abies forest, 9 Sept. 2009. C. T. Chao 922 (TCF!); en route from Wuling lodge to Mt. Tao, 24 Aug. 1988. C. I Peng 12012, 12020, 12100 (HAST!); same loc., 22 July 2018. C. Y. Chang 2133 (TCF!); en route from Wuling lodge to Taoshan waterfall, 24 Aug. 1988. C. I Peng 12097 (HAST!); Huanshan, 6 July 2006. Z. H. Chen 186 (TAIF!). Nantou County, Ren'ai Township, Guandaoxi, 22 Oct. 1932. S. Sasao s. n. (CHIA!); Hsinjenkang, Provincial Rd. No. 14 A 21 km, 8 Sept. 1997. S. H. Wu 384 (HAST!); Provincial Rd. No. 14 A 22 km, 3 Aug. 2011. T. W. Hsu 17059 (TAIE!); Mt. Hohuanshan near Yuanfeng, 13 July 1985. C. I Peng 8327 (HAST!); Nenggao Cross-ridge Historic Trail, 28 Feb. 2006. M. J. Chung x 22805 (TAIF!); same loc., 31 Jan. 2018. C. Y. Chang 1609 (TNM); Provincial Rd. No. 14 A 21.5 km, 2 Oct. 2015. C. Y. Chang 772 (TNM); same loc., 27 Oct. 2015. C. Y. Chang 839 (TNM).	en	Chang, Chih-Yi, Tzeng, Hsy-Yu, Tseng, Yen-Hsueh (2021): Cirsium taiwanense (Compositae, Cirsium sect. Onotrophe, subsect. Australicirsium), a new species from Taiwan. PhytoKeys 183: 35-53, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.183.70119, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.183.70119
