taxonID	type	description	language	source
040A06F22C035ECB9E9947717BA649B0.taxon	description	Figs 1, 2	en	Pandey, Anjula, Rai, K. Madhav, Malav, Pavan Kumar, Rajkumar, S. (2021): Allium negianum (Amaryllidaceae): a new species under subg. Rhizirideum from Uttarakhand Himalaya, India. PhytoKeys 183: 77-93, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.183.65433, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.183.65433
040A06F22C035ECB9E9947717BA649B0.taxon	materials_examined	Type. India, Uttarakhand: Chamoli, rocky areas (altitude 3000 - 4800 m), 22 Aug. 2019, KMR / AS / 02 / 19 (Holotype: NHCP; Isotype: CAL; Seeds conserved in the National Genebank, New Delhi: IC 258493).	en	Pandey, Anjula, Rai, K. Madhav, Malav, Pavan Kumar, Rajkumar, S. (2021): Allium negianum (Amaryllidaceae): a new species under subg. Rhizirideum from Uttarakhand Himalaya, India. PhytoKeys 183: 77-93, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.183.65433, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.183.65433
040A06F22C035ECB9E9947717BA649B0.taxon	description	Description. Herbs, hermaphrodite, 27 - 50 cm tall. Rhizome condensed, 6.5 - 8.5 mm long, oblique. Bulb clustered, cylindric to narrowly ovoid, 0.8 - 1.2 cm in diameter, 6.8 - 12 cm long, outer tunic finely reticulate, reddish-dark brown, inner membranous, light-brick red. Leaves 4 - 6, slightly shorter than scape, 12 - 40 cm x 1.0 - 3.2 mm, erect, to semi-terete to terete, dark green; base slightly bulbous. Scape terete, semi-erect, covered with leaf sheaths at base only, stout, solid in cross-section (hollow in mature), 15 - 30 cm x 3.5 - 5.5 mm. Spathe 1 - valved, persistent, beak very narrow-long, 2.5 - 4 mm. Inflorescence umbellate, hemispheric, 30 - 40 lax flowered. Peduncle subequal, 16 - 18 x 2 - 3 mm, without bulbils. Flowers bisexual, perigone campanulate, tepals dark purple with distinct green mid-line; inner tepals slightly longer than outer ones, oblong-lanceolate, apex acute, 6 - 8 x 3 - 4 mm; outer segments ovate to narrowly so, 5.5 - 6 x 2.5 - 3 mm. Stamens anthers oblong, yellow-purplish (on maturity), 2.3 - 2.6 mm long; filaments subequal, 6.8 - 8.5 mm, purple, slightly exserted, connate at base and adnate to perigone segments; outer ones subulate; inner ones broadened for 1 / 2 - 1 / 4 to their length, one sharp toothed on each side. Ovary sub-globose, purple-tinged, 3.6 - 4.8 x 1.8 - 3.5 mm. Style terete, exserted, stigma smooth, acute-acuminate, ovules 2 per locule. Capsules trigonous, 5 - 5.5 x 5.8 - 7.2 mm; seeds obovate with a prominent notch on one side, 3.2 - 4.0 x 1.9 - 1.9 mm, testa deep black. Plant has strong onion-garlic type aroma.	en	Pandey, Anjula, Rai, K. Madhav, Malav, Pavan Kumar, Rajkumar, S. (2021): Allium negianum (Amaryllidaceae): a new species under subg. Rhizirideum from Uttarakhand Himalaya, India. PhytoKeys 183: 77-93, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.183.65433, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.183.65433
040A06F22C035ECB9E9947717BA649B0.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet, " Allium negianum ", is named in honour of Late Dr. Kuldeep Singh Negi, an eminent explorer who has dedicated his life in collection of indigenous Allium species germplasm along with associated indigenous knowledge across the country. He was also instrumental in establishing the Allium Field Gene Bank (FGB) at the Regional Station, Bhowali, Uttarakhand. The entire germplasm of indigenous Allium species collected by him from remote areas of the country are characterized and successfully conserved at Allium FGB, Bhowali, Uttarakhand.	en	Pandey, Anjula, Rai, K. Madhav, Malav, Pavan Kumar, Rajkumar, S. (2021): Allium negianum (Amaryllidaceae): a new species under subg. Rhizirideum from Uttarakhand Himalaya, India. PhytoKeys 183: 77-93, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.183.65433, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.183.65433
040A06F22C035ECB9E9947717BA649B0.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology. The sect. Eduardia of the subg. Eduardia Rhizirideum is distributed in the southern most range of the Himalayan region of India extending to China which is the centre of diversification. Allium negianum is a species recorded from the southernmost transitional zone between India and China. The distribution of A. negianum is restricted to the phytogeographical region of western Himalaya from Sumna valley, Malari, Chamoli district of Uttarakhand, in western Himalaya, India where it commonly occurs along the open grassy meadows, sandy soils along rivers and streams occurring in the snow pasture lands along the alpine meadows (locally known as ' bugyal ' or ' bugial ') between 3000 - 4800 m a. s. l. (Fig. 1 A; Fig. 3) in synanthropic habitats. It was reported growing as wild population in Darma valley of Pithoragarh, along Gori Ganga (also Gori Gad) river in the Munsiyari, Pithoragarh district, in Milam Glacier, in northeast of Nanda Devi, Uttarakhand, India. The seeds flowing with the melting snow led to its broader spread in the areas with good regeneration reported by the authors (Fig. 1 A). Hence the taxon may be considered endemic in the area of study. Indiscriminate harvest of leaves and bulbs used for ' seasoning' purposes has threatened its wild population. The first report on large scale cultivation of this taxon in Niti valley, Uttarakhand, as ' seasoning allium spice' called ' jambu ' and ' phran ' has been published (Pandey et al. 2021). Though the taxon was reported commonly under cultivation, the authors have observed the wild populations primarily from the above ' type' locality. The authors could not trace large scale cultivation of another taxon, A. stracheyi (used for same purpose and known by same local name) in the described locality in Uttarakhand (Pandey et al. 2021). Considering that A. stracheyi was a rare species reported from wild habitats in Uttarakhand Himalaya, the authors assume that the reports by Kuniyal and Negi (2018) on large scale cultivation may be referring to this newly described taxon which is also known by the same local name. Unfortunately, earlier studies on A. stracheyi did not provide any locality details, nor were the voucher specimens deposited in any herbaria of the material used in their study. Therefore, validation of the taxonomic identity could not be ascertained. Also, there is no occurrence record of the taxa belonging to subg. Allium Rhizirideum from Uttarakhand, India.	en	Pandey, Anjula, Rai, K. Madhav, Malav, Pavan Kumar, Rajkumar, S. (2021): Allium negianum (Amaryllidaceae): a new species under subg. Rhizirideum from Uttarakhand Himalaya, India. PhytoKeys 183: 77-93, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.183.65433, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.183.65433
040A06F22C035ECB9E9947717BA649B0.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined (Paratypes). Allium przewalskianum: India. Himachal Pradesh. Spiti, Takcha 25 Jul. 1972 U. C. Bhattacharya 48815 (BSD); Tobo, Kinnaur, Lahul & Spity, 15 Sept. 2007, V. D. Verma & Ramchander (NHCP); Jammu & Kashmir. Ladakh, 25 July 1941, Ludlow & Sheriff 8529 (BM); 8 Sep. 1941, Ludlow & Sheriff 8571 (BM); Ganglas, 1 Aug. 1988, H. J. Chowdhury & B. P. Uniyal 86043 (BSD); 1880, Aitchinson 376 (CAL); Kashmir. Nubra, 24 July 1980, A. R. Naqshi & G. N. Dhar 7370 under A. stracheyi; Leh (J & K), 8 Sept. 2014, K. Pradheep & P. S. Mehta 1733 (NHCP); Leh (J & K), Nov. 2014, K. Pradheep HS 21817 (NHCP); Pangu lake, Luthum village, Leh (4500 m), s. s. Malik & D. Gautam 15298 (NHCP); Uttarakhand. Malari, Chamoli, 10 Sept. 2019, Badal Singh & K. Madhav RaiHS 24013 (NHCP); Allium auriculatum: Uttarakhand: Brahmmathya, district Chamoli, August 1988, K. S. Negi & M. N. Kopper 9387 (NHCP).	en	Pandey, Anjula, Rai, K. Madhav, Malav, Pavan Kumar, Rajkumar, S. (2021): Allium negianum (Amaryllidaceae): a new species under subg. Rhizirideum from Uttarakhand Himalaya, India. PhytoKeys 183: 77-93, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.183.65433, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.183.65433
