identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03F8C574FF982468FF6245999732FF2E.text	03F8C574FF982468FF6245999732FF2E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bitara Stroiński & Szwedo 2021	<div><p>Bitara gen. nov.</p> <p>Type species. Bitara augusta sp. nov.; by present designation and monotypy.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Similar to Oechalinella Wang, 2017 in Wang et al. 2017, in general appearance. Differ in shape of the head, at lateral margin as long as wide, with anterior margin arcuate (nearly three times as long as wide, with anterior margin acutely angulate in Oechalinella); pronotum with median carina not reaching anterior margin (median carina reaching anterior margin in Oechalinella); male pygofer, medially fused gonostyli and aedeagus asymmetrical, male pygofer with posterodorsal elongate process on right side, left side without process (in Oechalinella male pygofer with posterior margin sinuate, with short lobate semicircular expansion on posterodorsal margin in right side, lobate subquadrate expansion in posterodorsal margin in left side); dorsal margin not excavate at level of anal tube base (dorsal margin distinctly excavate to accommodate base of anal tube in Oechalinella); aedeagal complex straight caudad (aedeagal complex curved in Oechalinella); endosome bulbous, spiniferous, with three distinct long spines (endosome small and smooth in Oechalinella); genital styles tips of dorsal projections teeth-like, directed mediad (margin of dorsal projections smooth and not curved median in Oechalinella); female pregnital sternite narrow, posterior margin medially deeply concave, with median sclerotised process; anal tube distinctly shorter than gonoplac, tubular; gonoplac unilobate, with row of distinct teeth on posterior margin; bases of gonapophyses VIII asymmetrical—left gonapophysis base with lobate, with hook-like process; right base of gonapophysis lobate, smooth.</p> <p>Description. Head including compound eyes narrower than pronotum. Vertex chevron-like in dorsal view, with lateral margins as long as wide, anterior margin arcuate. Frons twice as long as broad in middle, roughly quadrate except abruptly narrowing in ventral forth; lateral margins of frons thickened, carinate, median carina simple. Frontoclypeal suture widely angulate. Clypeus with median longitudinal eminence. Pronotum with anterior margin produced anteriad between compound eyes, with median carina not reaching anterior margin, disc of pronotum not elevated. Mesonotum tricarinate, longer than broad, at same plane as vertex and pronotum, flat, with carinae connected at base, lateral carinae reaching posterior margin. Tegmen hyperpterous long and narrow, membranous, without granulation, with three defined lines formed by veins and veinlets: nodal, first and second postnodal lines. Male pygofer, medially fused gonostyli and aedeagus asymmetrical. Female pregenital sternite narrow, posterior margin medially deeply concave, with median sclerotised process.Anal tube distinctly shorter than gonoplac, tubular. Gonoplac unilobate, with row of distinct teeth on posterior margin. Bases of gonapophyses VIII asymmetrical.</p> <p>Etymology. Generic name is derived from the name of the Sepik language Bitara (Berinomo), spoken in East Sepik Province, Papua-New Guinea, in the area where the specimens were collected. Gender: feminine.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F8C574FF982468FF6245999732FF2E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stroiński, Adam;Szwedo, Jacek	Stroiński, Adam, Szwedo, Jacek (2021): Bitara gen. nov. of Tropiduchidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) east of Wallace line. Zootaxa 5057 (1): 127-139, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5057.1.8
03F8C574FF9B2460FF62477691A5FE56.text	03F8C574FF9B2460FF62477691A5FE56.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bitara augusta Stroiński & Szwedo 2021	<div><p>Bitara augusta sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 1–46)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Tegmen with cells C1 and C3 of similar length, terminal MP 2 single. Metatibia with 3 lateral spines (including genual one) and row of 6 apical teeth (4+2) forming irregular line without diastema. Process of right lobe of pygofer, arcuately curved, tapering caudad. Spines of endosoma of different sizes; one oriented caudad, ventral one oriented cephalad; dorsal one the shortest, oriented dorsocephalad.</p> <p>Description. Measurements: Total length 1.03–1.16 cm. Head. Vertex: proportion A/B = 1.64–1.81. Frons: proportion C/E = 0.42–0.45; proportion D/E = 0.53–0.58. Thorax. Pronotum: proportion F/B = 0.64–0.68. Mesonotum: proportion G/F+B = 2.22–2.40, proportion G/F = 5.45–5.90, proportion G/H = 1.09–1.18. Tegmina: proportion I/J = 2.41–2.64.</p> <p>Coloration (Figs 1–5). General colour ochraceous, speckled with lighter and darker irregular markings. Anterior and lateral margins of vertex mahogany-red; disc of vertex lighter straw-coloured. Frons ochraceous, with lighter speckles, median carina coloured as background, lateral carinations mahogany-brown. Postclypeus and anteclypeus ochraceous.Anterolateral and posterior margin of pronotum mahogany-reddish, disc of pronotum strawcolored. Mesonotum with lateral carinae mahogany-reddish, disc light straw-coloured, lateral margins ochraceous, speckled. Tegulae ochraceous. Tegmen transparent, membranous, venation ochraceous. Legs uniformly coloured, ochraceous.</p> <p>Head (Figs 1–13). Head with compound eyes narrower than pronotum. Vertex anteriorly projected, much wider than long, chevron-like in dorsal view, anterior margin angulately rounded, posterior margin deeply arcuately incised, lateral margins slightly diverging posteriad, all margins elevated, median carina almost reaching anterior margin; disc of vertex flat. Frons twice as long as broad in middle, roughly quadrate except abruptly narrowing in ventral fourth; lateral margins of frons thickened, carinate, median carina simple. Frontoclypeal suture broadly angulate. Clypeus with median longitudinal eminence. Rostrum reaching hind coxae bases; apical segment longer than broad, shorter than subapical segment. Callus small, posteriad of compound eye (Fig. 5). Ocelli small, below midpoint on compound eye. Antenna with scape very short, pedicel elongated, cylindrical (about as long as wide), with plate organs present on leading surface, tip of pedicel and ventral surface, trichoid sensilla type 1 and type 2 present: plate organs of crenelated type surrounded by a ring of elevated spines, higher than sensorial crests of the plate organ of pedicel.</p> <p>Thorax (Figs 1–7, 11, 14–17). Pronotum short, approximately crescent-shaped in dorsal view; anterior margin roundly produced anteriad between compound eyes; tricarinate, disc not elevated, delimited by lateral carinae, lateral carinae distinctly elevated, median one not so, not reaching anterior margin; posterior margin carinate; sideways T-shaped lateral carina between eye and tegula (base toward tegula).</p> <p>Mesonotum longer than broad, on same plane as vertex and pronotum, flat; conspicuously tricarinate, lateral carinae anteriorly curved to reach median carina, posteriorly parallel, reaching posterior margin; median carina approximately reaching mesoscutellar suture. Mesoscutellar suture straight; posterior margin of mesoscutellum acute. Tegula not carinate.</p> <p>Procoxa shorter than profemur, subquadrate, with margins slightly carinate, smooth. Profemur slightly shorter than protibia, subquadrate in cross-section with rows of setae along. Protibia subquadrate in cross-section; short decumbent setae along margins. Protarsus shorter than half of protibia length, basiprotarsomere scaphoid, apical protarsomere longer than combined length of basiprotarsomere and midprotarsomere.</p> <p>Mesocoxa slightly shorter than mesofemur, subquadrate, with margins smooth. Mesofemur subquadrate in crosssection, shorter than mesotibia, short, decumbent setae along margins. Mesotibia subquadrate in cross-section, with rows of setae along, slightly longer than protibia; Mesotarsus shorter than half of mesotibia length, basimesotarsomere scaphoid, apical mesotarsomere longer than combined length of basiprotarsomere and midprotarsomere.</p> <p>Metacoxa with coxal process widely triangular, very wide at base, spinose at apex. Metatibia distinctly longer than metafemur, not widened apically, with 3 lateral spines and row of 6 apical teeth (4+2) forming irregular line, without diastema: both lateral teeth same size; 4 internal spines different - two lateral internal teeth same size and same as lateral teeth; pair of middle teeth same size and distinctly shorter than others. Basimetatarsomere about as long as cumulative length of mid- and apical metatarsomeres, with apical row of 6 teeth; all teeth almost same size (see also Wang et al. 2017 Fig. 7F).</p> <p>Wings as in Oechalinella (for veins and cells nomenclature see Wang et al. 2017, Figs. 3E, 4D). Tegmen hyperpterous, long and narrow, membranous, without granulation, with three defined transverse lines formed by veins and veinlets (proximal to distal): nodal, first and second postnodal lines. Costal area present, narrower than costal cell, nearly reaching the level of tip of clavus, with sparse cross veins. Costal cell extending beyond midlength the length of tegmen and without transverse veinlets. Stems ScP+R and MP leaving basal cell with a short common stalk; stem ScP+R forked basad of tegmen midlength; branch ScP+RA separated from RP before nodal line. ScP+RA 1 forked before at nodal line, slightly basad of apex of costal area; first fork of RP distinctly apicad of nodal line, at level of first postnodal line. Stem MP forking first at level of nodal line; stalk MP 1+2 markedly longer than stalk MP 3+4; MP 1+2 forked at level of first postnodal line; stalk MP 3+4 forked at level of nodal line. Stem CuA forked basad of ScP+R fork, proximad of tegmen midlength, distad of claval veins junction. Postnodal and subapical row of cells of similar length. Clavus closed (i.e., with CuP reaching margin and claval veins reaching margin), with apical tip acute, basad of end of costal area; claval veins Pcu and A 1 fused basad of half of CuP. Posterocubital cell, postcubital cell and anal cell without transverse veinlets.</p> <p>Hind wings hyaline, elongate, slightly shorter than tegmen, with costal cell widened at base, with anal lobe wide. Stems ScP+R, MP and CuA, fused at base. Stem ScP+R forked at level of wing coupling apparatus (see Wang et al. 2017, Figs 4E &amp; 5D), at level of CuA 1 branching; branch ScP+RA with single or two terminals, reaching margin well basad of apex of wing; branch RP with three terminals reaching margin at apical angle of wing. Stem MP not forked before rp-mp and mp-cua veinlets, three terminals MP 1, MP 2 and MP 3+4 reaching margin forked well apicad. Stem CuA forked slightly basad of stem ScP+R forking, branch CuA 1 forked again basad of mpcua veinlet; terminals CuA 1a, CuA 1b and CuA 2 forked apically, reaching margin with five-six terminals. Stem CuP single. Stem Pcu distinctly curved before apex, fused for a distance with branching of A 1, A 2 single. Stems CuA and CuP connected more distad. Veinlets rp-mp slightly apicad of mp-cua at about same level, apicad of CuA 2 forking, cua-cup more basal, apicad of CuA forking.</p> <p>Male terminalia (Figs 18–29). Pygofer asymmetrical, roughly triangular in lateral view, upper margin declivous, lower margin straight; with posterodorsal elongate process on right side, left side without process; dorsal margin not excavate at level of anal tube base; ventral margin deeply, arcuately excavate. Gonostyli asymmetrical, medially fused into a plate, convex medially in ventral plane, in lateral view left gonostylus elongate, with subapical triangular process, dorsal edge with an oblique hook-like process at about half of gonostylus length, directed cephalad; in lateral view right gonostylus subtriangular, caudodorsal margin arcuate, dorsal margin without hook. Phallic complex straight caudad; periandrium tubular, short, membranous, endosoma bulbous, spiniferous, with three asymmetric distinct spines. Anal tube elongate, tubular, reaching almost to apex of gonostyli; with ventrocaudal, triangular expansion, epiproct and paraproct of similar size.</p> <p>Female terminalia (Figs 30–46). Pregenital sternite narrow, posterior margin medially deeply concave, with median sclerotised process; anal tube distinctly shorter than gonoplac, tubular; gonoplac unilobate, with row of distinct teeth on posterior margin; bases of gonapophyses VIII asymmetrical—left gonapophysis base lobate, with hook-like process; right base of gonapophysis lobate, smooth; gonapophysis VIII with teeth on apical portion of dorsal margin, ventral margin arcuate, with three apical teeth; endogonocoxal process sabre-like, as long as gonapophysis VIII.</p> <p>Type material. Holotype, male: [D.N. Guinea 150. / Standlager a. Aprilfluss / 183, 12.-14.IX.1912 / Kais. Augustafl. Exp. / Bürgers S.G.] (MNHU). Paratypes, 2 males, 1 female: [D.N. Guinea 150. / Standlager a. Aprilfluss / 183, 12.-14.IX.1912 / Kais. Augustafl. Exp. / Bürgers S.G.] —male (MNHU); [D.N. Guinea / Regenberg 550 m / 8.-15. V.13 / Kais. Augustafl. Exp. / Bürgers S.G.], [331 / 9.X.13.] —male (MIZ); [D. N. Guinea / Standlager b. Malu / 12.–13.III.1912 / Dr. Bürgers S.G.] —female (MNHU).</p> <p>Distribution. New Guinea, Papua New Guinea, Madang Province.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F8C574FF9B2460FF62477691A5FE56	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Stroiński, Adam;Szwedo, Jacek	Stroiński, Adam, Szwedo, Jacek (2021): Bitara gen. nov. of Tropiduchidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) east of Wallace line. Zootaxa 5057 (1): 127-139, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5057.1.8
