identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03B5A943FFBF6F18FDFAEA97FD78ECD3.text	03B5A943FFBF6F18FDFAEA97FD78ECD3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Namkongnaia Jeratthitikul & Sutcharit & Ngor & Prasankok 2021	<div><p>Genus  Namkongnaia gen. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 77AD43CF-83EC-42B8-B021-A950D4E701A0</p><p>Type species</p><p>Namkongnaia inkhavilayi gen. et sp. nov., by present designation.</p><p>Differential diagnosis</p><p>The new genus is distinguished from other genera in  Pseudodontini by having a narrow, elongated, and less inflated shell. It is also represented as a distinct clade in multi-locus phylogenetic analyses.</p><p>Description</p><p>Shell Medium-sized, thin, narrow and elongated, rather compressed, very inequilateral; anteriorly round; posteriorly round or somewhat pointed; umbonal area not elevated and usually eroded. Ligament very narrow. Hinge without dentition, posterior end of the hinge structure with V-shaped fossette. Anterior adductor muscle scar shallow, ovate, and fused with pedal retractor muscle scars; posterior adductor muscle scar very shallow. Excurrent aperture smooth, shorter than incurrent; incurrent with 1-2 rows of conical papillae. Gills elongated and slightly ribbed; anterior margin of inner gills slightly longer and wider than outer gills.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The generic name “  Namkongnaia ” is from the word “Namkong”, a name for the Mekong River used by Thai and Lao peoples, and Greek word “naiad” meaning freshwater mussels. The name of this genus thus means “freshwater mussels from Mekong River”.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Mekong River and its tributaries in Laos, Cambodia, and Thailand (Fig. 3; Brandt 1974; Ng et al. 2020). The distribution range may include the Mae Klong River Basin in Thailand (Brandt 1974), although the taxonomic status of the specimens recorded in Brandt (1974) needs to be confirmed.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The new genus is currently composed of two species, which are confirmed by our multi-locus molecular data. Other potential species are probably among those previously recognized under the name ‘  Pilsbryoconcha lemeslei ’ by Brandt (1974). This includes the specimens from ‘Bang Pae’, Mae Klong River Basin, Ratchaburi Province (USNM-786217, SMF-BR2663, and ANSP-H19041). These specimens show elongate and narrow shell, which are diagnostic characters of the genus, but differ from other species by having a minute concave ventral margin, and truncated posterior margin with a pointed posterior end. Further examination of fresh materials and DNA investigation would confirm the taxonomic status of these populations.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B5A943FFBF6F18FDFAEA97FD78ECD3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai;Sutcharit, Chirasak;Ngor, Peng Bun;Prasankok, Pongpun	Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Ngor, Peng Bun, Prasankok, Pongpun (2021): Molecular phylogeny reveals a new genus of freshwater mussels from the Mekong River Basin (Bivalvia: Unionidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 775: 119-142, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.775.1553
03B5A943FFBD6F1FFD82EF04FDDDEC5C.text	03B5A943FFBD6F1FFD82EF04FDDDEC5C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Namkongnaia inkhavilayi Jeratthitikul & Sutcharit & Ngor & Prasankok 2021	<div><p>Namkongnaia inkhavilayi gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 622F7788-F0A4-449D-814A-5B49CD20B228</p><p>Figs. 3, 4A–B; Tables 1, 3</p><p>Pilsbryoconcha lemeslei – Brandt 1974: 263, pl. 18 fig. 22 (in part, only records from “Nang Rong (Prov. Burirum)”, Thailand) [non  Anodonta lemeslei Morelet, 1875].</p><p>Etymology</p><p>This new species is dedicated to our colleague and distinguished malacologist, Dr Khamla Inkhavilay, from the National University of Laos.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype LAOS • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.98591&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.13674" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.98591/lat 17.13674)">Kammoune Province</a>, Bunghona Market, 7 km N of Xe Bangfai River; 17.13674° N, 104.98591° E; E. Jeratthitikul, K. Wisittikoson, A. Fanka, N. Wutthituntisil and P. Prasankok leg.; sold by local people; MUMNH-UNI2831.</p><p>Paratypes LAOS • 5 shells; same collection data as for holotype; MUMNH-UNI2832 to UNI2835 .</p><p>Other material</p><p>LAOS • 2 shells;  Nong Njang, N of Vientiane; R. Brandt leg.; BMNH-MP-D262  •  1 shell; Nong Bua Thong near Vientiane; R. Brandt leg.; ANSP-H19043 •  2 shells; Nong Bua Thong near Vientiane; R. Brandt leg.; MCZ-280932 •  2 shells; Nong Bua Thong near Vientiane; R. Brandt leg.; SMF-258771 •   2 shells;  Nong Bua Thong, Vientiane; R. Brandt leg.; SMF-319294  •  1 shell; Bang Jian near Vientiane; R. Brandt leg.; ANSP-H19044 •  6 shells; Nang Njang near Vientiane; MNHN-MP-3154 •  4 shells; Nang Njang near Vientiane; R. Brandt leg.; MNHN-MP-3157 •  3 shells; swamp near Pakse; R. Brandt leg.; SMF-225743.</p><p>THAILAND • 1 shell; Nakhon Phanom, Tha Uthen, Tha Uthen, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.6089&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.56221" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.6089/lat 17.56221)">Thuai River</a>; 17.56221° N, 104.60890° E; E. Jeratthitikul, K. Wisittikoson and P. Prasankok leg.; MUMNH-UNI2706  •   1 shell; Sakon Nakhon, Sawang Daen Din, Bong Tai, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.30048&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.3957" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.30048/lat 17.3957)">Songkhram River</a>; 17.39570°N, 103.30048°E; E. Jeratthitikul and K. Wisittikoson leg.; MUMNH-UNI0318  •   1 shell; Buriram, Nang Rong,  Huai Tadjek; R. Brandt leg.; USNM-786219  •   1 shell; Buriram, Nang Rong,  Huai Tadjek; R. Brandt leg.; SMF-220822  •  4 shells; Buriram, Nang Rong; SMRL-2662 •  1 shell; Buriram, Huai Ta Djek near Nang Rong; ANSP-H19042 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Shell medium-sized, length 80.9–102.2 mm, height 26.2–37.2 mm, width 13.6–19.1 mm (Table 3). Shell rather thin, narrow and elongated (H/L ratio = 0.32–0.36), very inequilateral, compressed. Dorsal margin straight, anterior at the same level as posterior. Umbonal area eroded, not elevated. Anterior margin round; posterior margin elongated and rounded. Ventral margin almost straight, slightly curved upward posteriorly. Posterior ridges low, wide and obtuse, not prominent. Periostracum thin, greenish to dark brown, the eroded part coppery-brown. Shell surface with fine growth lines. Ligament very narrow. Hinge without dentition, posterior end of the hinge structure with V-shaped fossette. Anterior adductor muscle scar placed relatively far from the dorsal margin, shallow, ovate, fused with pedal retractor muscle scars; posterior adductor muscle scars very shallow, almost invisible. Pallial line very faint. Nacre whitish with cream tint near the umbo. Excurrent aperture smooth, shorter than incurrent. Incurrent with 1–2 rows of conical papillae, varying in length. Small epithelial folds form a fused bridge separating excurrent and incurrent aperture. Gills elongated and slightly ribbed. Anterior margin of inner gills slightly longer and wider than that of inner outer gills. Glochidia unknown.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>This new species appears to occur in the Lower Mekong watershed. In Laos, it was recorded from several locations near Vientiane, Kammoune, and Champasak Provinces. In Thailand, it is known from the Songkram and Mun river basins in the northeast region (Brandt 1974).</p><p>Habitat</p><p>Specimens of the new species were bought on a local market near the Xe Bangfai River. However, specimens from the Thuai and Songkhram Rivers in Thailand were found buried in the mud substrate of still water. Brandt (1974) also reported ponds as a general habitat of this species.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The specimens recorded by Brandt (1974) from Nang Rong, Buriram, Thailand (SMF-220822) show a shorter but wider shell and a relative rounded ventral margin. In addition, although the hinge area of this species has no dentition, the trace of a rudimentary pseudocardinal tooth is seen as a very tiny tubercle in some individuals.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B5A943FFBD6F1FFD82EF04FDDDEC5C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai;Sutcharit, Chirasak;Ngor, Peng Bun;Prasankok, Pongpun	Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Ngor, Peng Bun, Prasankok, Pongpun (2021): Molecular phylogeny reveals a new genus of freshwater mussels from the Mekong River Basin (Bivalvia: Unionidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 775: 119-142, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.775.1553
03B5A943FFBB6F02FE27EC94FABEEAE7.text	03B5A943FFBB6F02FE27EC94FABEEAE7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Namkongnaia lemeslei (Morelet 1875) Jeratthitikul & Sutcharit & Ngor & Prasankok 2021	<div><p>Namkongnaia lemeslei (Morelet, 1875) gen. et comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 3, 5; Table 1</p><p>Anodonta lemeslei Morelet, 1875: 328, pl.14 fig. 1.</p><p>Pilsbryoconcha lemsleyi [sic] Simpson, 1900: 558.</p><p>Anodonta lemeslei – Crosse &amp; Fischer 1876: 333. — Morlet 1889: 167.</p><p>Pilsbryoconcha lemeslei – Simpson 1914: 244. — Haas 1920: 300, pl. 37 fig. 4.; 1969a: 382. — Brandt 1974: 263 (in part, only records from “Aranyapratet (Prov. Prachin Buri)”, Thailand). — Graf &amp; Cummings 2007: 311. — Zieritz et al. 2018: 29–44. — Ng et al. 2020: 122, fig. 3j.; — Graf &amp; Cummings 2021a: 22.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Syntype CAMBODIA • 2 shells; “Cambodge,  Marecages de Battambang ”; Le Mesle leg.; MNHN-MP-3150  .</p><p>Other material</p><p>CAMBODIA • 6 shells; Siem Reap, Chi Kraeng, Kampong Kdei, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.33989&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.13279" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.33989/lat 13.13279)">Kampong Kdei River</a>; 13.13279° N, 104.33989°E; E. Jeratthitikul, C. Sutcharit, W. Siriwut, S. Chhuoy and T.H. Ng leg.; MUMNH-UNI2825</p><p>to UNI 2829, UNI 2669 • 5 shells; Grand Lacs; MNHN-MP-3156 • 2 shells; Phnom Penh; MNHN- MP-3158 • 4 shells; Cambodge; MNHN-MP-3163, MNHN-MP-3171.</p><p>Differential diagnosis</p><p>This species resembles the type species, but it can be distinguished by the relatively smaller size with a shell length of 67.0–81.0 mm (vs 80.9–102.2 mm), anterior adductor muscle scar placed near the dorsal margin (vs relatively far from the dorsal margin), adductor muscle scar relatively deep for the thin shell (vs shallower, although thicker shell), nacre yellowish (vs whitish), anterior margin rounded and little shouldered (vs wider and not shouldered), and the anterior portion of the dorsal margin somewhat lower than the posterior (vs at the same level in both anterior and posterior portions).</p><p>Description</p><p>Shell medium-sized, rather thin, narrow and elongated (H/L ratio = 0.39), very inequilateral, compressed. Dorsal margin straight; somewhat lower anteriorly than posteriorly. Umbonal area eroded, not elevated. Anterior margin round, little shouldered; posterior margin elongated, somewhat pointed. Ventral margin almost straight, or minutely concave in the middle in old specimens, posteriorly slightly curved upward. Posterior ridges low, wide and obtuse, not prominent. Periostracum thin, yellowish to dark brown, the eroded part coppery-brown. Shell surface with fine growth lines. Ligament very narrow. Hinge without dentition, posterior end of the hinge structure with V-shaped fossette. Anterior adductor muscle scar placed near the dorsal margin, relatively deep for the thin shell, ovate, fused with pedal retractor muscle scars; posterior adductor muscle scars very shallow, almost invisible. Pallial line very faint. Nacre yellowish with creamy tint near the umbo.</p><p>Additional description</p><p>Examination of the soft body of newly collected specimens in this study yielded additional description of the animal: excurrent aperture smooth, shorter than incurrent; incurrent with 1–2 rows of conical papillae, similar in length; small epithelial folds form a fused bridge separating excurrent and incurrent aperture; gills elongated and slightly ribbed; anterior margin of inner gills slightly longer and wider than that of outer gills. However, no brooding specimens were available to examine glochidia.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>This species is restricted to Tonle Sap Lake and its tributaries in Cambodia. Its distribution probably reaches the headwater of Tonle Sap basin in eastern Thailand (Brandt 1974).</p><p>Habitat</p><p>This species was recorded in mud substrate in still sections of rivers or in lentic habitat, i.e., ponds and lakes (Morelet 1875; Morlet 1889; Brandt 1974).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This species has been noted for its rarity (Brandt 1974; Ng et al. 2020). Only a few lots are available in museum collections. We obtained additional fresh materials from the Kampong Kdei River, Siem Reap Province. These specimens resemble the syntype MNHN-MP-3150 (Fig. 5D). The only detected variations are less erosion of the umbo area and more yellowish-brown colour of the periostracum. Morelet (1875) described  Anodonta lemeslei based on specimens collected by M. Le Mesle. The figured specimen is eroded, with a concave ventral margin (Fig. 5B–C), while another shell has a relatively parallel shell and a straight ventral margin (Fig. 5D). Morelet (1875) identified the ventrally concave specimens as fully-grown individuals, while the ventrally straight specimens were considered to be young individuals. The concavity trait is quite unusual for species that live in stagnant water habitats. Nevertheless, some specimens from Tonle Sap Lake (MNHN-MP-3156) also show the characteristic of a concave ventral margin. However, all of our specimens have a straight ventral margin. This raises some suspicions about the existence of both variations. In this study, we retain both variations as the same species until topotype specimens with concave ventral margin are available for DNA analysis.</p><p>Apart from a ventral margin, other morphological variations are also observed. The posterior ends of some specimens are more or less rounded than others. Crosse &amp; Fischer (1876) noted that some specimens from Cambodia are narrower and more elongated than the type figure. The posterior dorsal margin in some specimens is also somewhat higher. Morelet (1875) noted that one of his type specimens is undoubtedly similar to  Anodonta schomburgki Martens, 1860 [=  Pilsbryoconcha compressa (Martens, 1860)]. However, it is more or less narrow, and the high posterior cannot be considered a posterior wing as in  Anodonta schomburgki Martens, 1860 .</p><p>Several records and specimens previously identified as  Pilsbryoconcha lemeslei have been examined and listed in this species. However, a specimen from Khanh Hoa, Vietnam, is conchologically different and does not belong to this species (Thach 2007; Do et al. 2018); rather, it is probably a species of  Pilsbryoconcha . This specimen shows more or less curved ventral margin and relatively wider shell.</p><p>Similarly, the DNA sequence of specimen assigned to  Pilsbryoconcha lemeslei by Bolotov et al. (2020) and Konopleva et al. (2021) is recovered as monophyletic within the  Pilsbryoconcha, together with specimens of  Pilsbryoconcha exilis from Java, Indonesia (type species) and  Pilsbryoconcha linguaeformis, another sympatric species with  Namkongnaia lemeslei gen. et comb. nov., from Tonle Sap Lake, in our phylogenetic analyses. However, without examination of the specimen mentioned in Bolotov et al. (2020) and Konopleva et al. (2021), it can only be classified to the genus  Pilsbryoconcha .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B5A943FFBB6F02FE27EC94FABEEAE7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai;Sutcharit, Chirasak;Ngor, Peng Bun;Prasankok, Pongpun	Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Ngor, Peng Bun, Prasankok, Pongpun (2021): Molecular phylogeny reveals a new genus of freshwater mussels from the Mekong River Basin (Bivalvia: Unionidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 775: 119-142, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.775.1553
