identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03AA87C3FFA51014FF4EDCEDFCBAF9F6.text	03AA87C3FFA51014FF4EDCEDFCBAF9F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polypleurum wallichii (R.Br. ex Griff.) Warm	<div><p>Polypleurum wallichii</p> <p>In the Polypleurum wallichii group, P. stylosum differs from P. wallichii in the root habit, the length and width of the root and the length of the pedicel and stalk of the capsule, although the ranges of variation in the characters are similar (Table 3; Fig. 4). Polypleurum elongatum (Gardner) J.B.Hall differs from the two species by the root being long, adhering only at the base and floating nearly its full length. Polypleurum schmidtianum differs from P. wallichii in one stamen (versus 2) and indistinctly in the root being relatively short and narrow and adhered to the rock for its full length, the pedicel short, in which the ranges of variations overlap to some extents.</p> <p>In the matK phylogenetic tree (Fig. 1), Polypleurum wallichii, P. stylosum, P. elongatum and P. schmidtianum were monophyletic and sister to P. munnarense Nagendran &amp; Arekal, although the relationships within the clade were not well resolved. Polypleurum wallichii was divided into three subgroups. Polypleurum wallichii -1 and P. wallichii - 3 with P. stylosum KI-109 each were robustly monophyletic, whereas P. wallichii -2 was an unresolved subgroup. Polypleurum wallichii -2 was defined by its distribution in Laos and Thailand (while P. wallichii -1 and 3 occur in Cambodia and India, respectively). The three subgroups were morphologically variable and inseparable (Table 3).</p> <p>Polypleurum wallichii -1 (from one site in Cambodia [Koh Kong Province]) was sister to P. schmidtianum (Fig. 1). Geographically, the P. wallichii -1 plants (CAM-03, CAM-11) were sympatric with CAM-05 and CAM-12 of P. schmidtianum, and they grew in adjacent subpopulations in the same habitat. Polypleurum wallichii -2 comprised specimens from eastern and central Thailand and northern central Laos. Polypleurum wallichii -3 comprised specimens from Meghalaya, northeastern India, and had the same sequences as southern Indian KI-109. Polypleurum stylosum (specimens of which were collected from southern India and Sri Lanka) was also not monophyletic and divided into several subclades, of which Cu-90003, IND-1401 and IND-1413 were monophyletic, with low support, with P. wallichii -3 and KI-109 of P. stylosum, and as well as P. elongatum.</p> <p>The relationships deduced from the ITS sequences,like the matK tree, showed that P.wallichii -1 and P.schmidtianum were monophyletic (Fig. 2). This P. wallichii -1 clade, P. wallichii -2 and P. wallichii -3 were separated from each other. As a whole, P. schmidtianum, P. stylosum and P. wallichii, together with P. munnarense and Hydrobryopsis sessilis (Willis) Engl., formed an unresolved complex.</p> <p>In the combined matK and ITS tree, P. wallichii -1 and P. schmidtianum were monophyletic (Fig. 3). The clade was sister to P. wallichii -2 and both were sister to P. wallichii -3.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA87C3FFA51014FF4EDCEDFCBAF9F6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kato, Masahiro;Werukamkul, Petcharat;Won, Hyosig;Koi, Satoshi	Kato, Masahiro, Werukamkul, Petcharat, Won, Hyosig, Koi, Satoshi (2019): Paraphyletic Species of Podostemaceae: Cladopus fallax and Polypleurum wallichii. Phytotaxa 401 (1): 33-48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.401.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.401.1.3
03AA87C3FFA51016FF4ED9F9FADEF9A9.text	03AA87C3FFA51016FF4ED9F9FADEF9A9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cladopus fallax C. Cusset	<div><p>Cladopus fallax</p> <p>Cladopus fallax was distinguished from other congeners by combined characters. It differs from C. taiensis in the form (surface-viewed and in cross section), surface and number of the bract-segments, from C. nymanii H.Möller in the length of the stamens and the number of ovules, from C. queenslandicus (Domin) C.D.K.Cook &amp; Rutish. in the length of the flowering shoots and the number and form of the bracts, and from C. javanicus M.Kato &amp; Hambali in the length of the flowering shoots, the number of the bracts, and the length of the capsules and capsule stalks (Table 2).</p> <p>In the chloroplast matK tree (Fig. 1), Cladopus was divided into two clades with robust support. One clade (upper in Fig. 1) was subdivided into three subclades, i.e. a subclade consisting of C. fallax -1 from Cambodia, C. fallax -2 from Thailand and C. taiensis; a subclade of C. javanicus, C. nymanii and C. queenslandicus; and C. fallax - 3 from Cambodia. Cladopus fallax -1 had the same sequence as the Thai specimens of C. taiensis (TL-101, TL-102, TL-604), the two were sister to the other C. taiensis from Cambodia and Thailand, and all were sister to C. fallax -2. Geographically, C. fallax -1 is adjacent to C. taiensis (CAM-07, CAM-14) of Cambodia (4.2 or 12.2 km apart) and far from the Thai populations.</p> <p>The nuclear ITS tree (Fig. 2) showed that there are variations in the ITS regions of C. fallax CAM-13, C. fallax CAM-19 and C. taiensis CAM-14, while uniform in others (e.g. C. fallax CAM-26, C. fallax CAM-41, C. fallax TKF-109, C. taiensis TL-604). The variants of CAM-13 and CAM-19 of C. fallax -1, and CAM-14 of C. taiensis were grouped in each clade, although one C. fallax CAM-13 was isolated. These samples of C. fallax -1 and C. taiensis formed a monophyletic clade, with low support, which was sister to C. fallax -2 and together sister to C. fallax -3.</p> <p>In the combined matK and ITS tree, C. fallax -1 and C. taiensis were monophyletic and sister to C. fallax -2 (Fig. 3). Then, C. fallax -1, C. fallax -2, C. fallax -3 and C. taiensis, together with C. javanicus, were monophyletic.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA87C3FFA51016FF4ED9F9FADEF9A9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kato, Masahiro;Werukamkul, Petcharat;Won, Hyosig;Koi, Satoshi	Kato, Masahiro, Werukamkul, Petcharat, Won, Hyosig, Koi, Satoshi (2019): Paraphyletic Species of Podostemaceae: Cladopus fallax and Polypleurum wallichii. Phytotaxa 401 (1): 33-48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.401.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.401.1.3
