identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
742C87EDFFAD513760AEFA8CFEC1B385.text	742C87EDFFAD513760AEFA8CFEC1B385.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platystethynium Ogloblin 1946	<div><p>Platystethynium Ogloblin, 1946</p> <p>Platystethynium Ogloblin, 1946: 290. Type species: P. onomarchicidum Ogloblin, by original designation.</p> <p>Platypatasson Ogloblin, 1946: 293. Type species: Platystethynium fransseni Ogloblin, 1946, by original designation. Synonymy by Donev &amp; Huber, 2002: 118.</p> <p>Parastethynium Ogloblin, 1964: 106. Lapsus for Platystethynium.</p> <p>Pseudocleruchus Donev &amp; Huber, 2002: 118. Type species: Pseudocleruchus triclavatus Donev &amp; Huber, 2002, by original designation. Synonymy by Ortis et al., 2020: 10.</p> <p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. Females are distinguished from all other genera by the following combination: head strongly triangular (Fig. 8); mandibles short, without teeth, and with a distinct gap between them (Fig. 2b); pronotum longitudinally divided medially (Fig. 4); mesosoma dorsoventrally flattened (Fig. 9); fore wing with venation at most 0.33× fore wing length.</p> <p>Remarks. Platystethynium, represented in New Zealand by one species of the subgenus Platypatasson, is the first new genus reported for the country since the genera were keyed by Noyes &amp; Valentine (1989). In their key, females would key to Apoxypteron, at the first half of their couplet 67. Males key to couplet 9 but do not fit either half. Among other features, Platystethynium (Platypatasson) differs from Apoxypteron by the longitudinally divided pronotum (pronotum not divided in Apoxypteron), the short and relatively wide parastigma (Fig. 5) (parastigma long and uniformly thin in Apoxypteron), and the venation about 0.3× fore wing length (venation 0.4× fore wing length in Apoxypteron).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/742C87EDFFAD513760AEFA8CFEC1B385	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Huber, John T.;Read, Jennifer	Huber, John T., Read, Jennifer (2021): A new, remarkable species of Platystethynium (Platypatasson) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) from New Zealand. Zootaxa 5052 (2): 215-232, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5052.2.3
742C87EDFFAE513560AEFF0DFD96B33D.text	742C87EDFFAE513560AEFF0DFD96B33D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platystethynium (Platypatasson) earlyi Huber 2021	<div><p>Platystethynium (Platypatasson) earlyi Huber, sp. n.</p> <p>(Figs 1 – 17)</p> <p>Type material. Holotype ♀ (NZAC), dissected under 2 coverslips on slide (Fig. 6) with three labels as follows: “ Platystethynium (Platypatasson) earlyi Huber Holotype ♀ dorsal”, “ New Zealand BR, Woods Creek Track, SE. of Greymouth, 180m 24.ii.2007, J.W. Early R.F. Gilbert ”, “Soil in old mining tunnel ex. rhaphidophorid egg L 15842 ”.</p> <p>Paratypes. 2♀, 1♂ on slides, 14 ♀, 2♂ on cards (CNC, NZAC) with same collecting data as holotype, and all from the same host egg. Platystethynium earlyi is the third species of the genus for which males are described.</p> <p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. Females of Platystethynium earlyi are distinguished from P. fransseni, the only other described species of the subgenus in the Eastern Hemisphere, by the features given in the key and, in addition: gena in dorsal view more rounded posteriorly and eye relatively shorter compared to head length (Fig. 2) (in P. fransseni, gena in dorsal view more angular posteriorly and eye relatively longer, Fig. 22); pronotum with 1 long submedial posterodorsal seta (Fig. 4) (in P. fransseni with 2 shorter, more laterally placed posterodorsal setae, Fig. 25); fore wing with lobe posterior to parastigma forming a right angle with posterior margin of wing (Fig. 5) (in P. fransseni forming an oblique angle, Fig. 24); fore wing with apex more rounded (Fig. 5) (in P. fransseni apex more pointed, Fig. 24) and anterior row of microtrichia in basal half of wing distal to venation separated by a distinct gap from posterior row of a few very short microtrichia (in P. fransseni anterior row of microtrichia in basal half of wing distal to venation separated by a distinct gap from posterior row of almost equally long microtrichia); genitalia originating near midpoint of gaster (Fig. 10b) and about 1.9× as long as mesotibia (in P. fransseni genitalia originating near base of gaster (Fig. 26b), 3.0× as long as mesotibia) (metatibia not oriented well for measurement so comparison made with mesotibia instead of metatibia).</p> <p>MALE. Males of P. (Platypatasson) earlyi are distinguished from the known males of other Platystethynium species by having the flagellum 10-segmented (11-segmented in P. fransseni) and most flagellomeres wider than long (Figs 14, 15) (longer than wide in P. triclavatum).</p> <p>Description. FEMALE. Body length 643–812 (n=13, card mounts), 785–900 (n=3, slide mounts). Colour. Body light brown except frenum, legs, and underside of mesosoma almost white; outer ovipositor plate and genitalia brown. Head. Width 158–162 (n=2), vertex with 1 short seta laterally about midway between median ocellus and transverse trabecula (Fig. 2a). Antenna. Funicle apparently without mps on any segment (Figs 1, 3) but with 2 mps on clava segment 1 and 4 mps on clava segment 2. Funicle segments slightly increasing in width from fu 1 to fu 6 and each usually slightly longer than wide except for fu 6, which is slightly wider than long. Length/width measurements (ratios) (n=2): scape 116–118/32–34 (3.48–3.63), pedicel 50–52/24–30 (1.74–2.21), fu 1 22–24/18–19 (1.24–1.30), fu 2 24–26/20 (1.20–1.28), fu 3 23–24/18–20 (1.16–1.28), fu 4 22/20–22 (1.00–1.10), fu 5 21–23/21–24 (0.95–1.00), fu 6 22–24/24–30 (0.75–0.97), clava 109/34–41 (2.68–3.17). Mesosoma. Width 146–148 (n=2), scutellum with fairly long scutellar setae and sharply triangular fenestra (Fig. 4). Wings. Fore wing (n=3) with anterior row of microtrichia in basal half of wing distal to venation separated by a distinct gap from posterior row of a few very short microtrichia (Fig. 5); length 628–641, width 38–39, length/width 16.1–16.9, longest marginal setae 130–137. Hind wing length 622–629, width 26, longest marginal setae 122–149. Metasoma. Gaster with terga about equal in length and each with about 4 setae sublaterally and laterally near their posterior margins (Figs 7a, 10a). Ovipositor length 212–215, distinctly longer than metatibia length (175–182) and arising near base (Fig. 7b) or near apex of gt 4 (Fig. 10b).</p> <p>MALE. Body length 782–822 (n=2, card mounts), ~800 (n=1) (slide mount, head measured separately from rest of body). Colour. Head, antenna, wing remnants, legs and metasoma almost white except as follows: gena except malar area brown, vertex light brown, mandible dark reddish brown, scape and pedicel light brown, mesoscutum, gt 1 and sterna light brown (Figs 11, 12). Head. Width 265, distinctly wider than mesosoma (182); face about 3.5× as wide as high, smooth except with engraved reticulations laterally near torulus (Fig. 13a); each torulus slightly closer to mouth margin than to transverse trabecula and each preorbital trabecula much thinner than transverse trabecula; vertex smooth, slightly wider than long, with each supraorbital trabecula much thinner than transverse trabecula and not divided into segments; median ocellus absent; lateral ocellus small, about 0.3× diameter of a torulus and at posterolateral corner of vertex; eye small, in anterior view about 3.1× as high as wide, with few facets; gena large, in lateral view about 3.4× width of eye and with strong vertical rugae; back of head smooth (Fig. 13b); mouth opening huge, about 4.0× greatest diameter of foramen magnum. Entire head with very few, minute setae as follows: 1 on gena lateral to supraorbital trabecula, 1 medial to ventral apex of preorbital trabecula, 4? on malar area near lateral angle of mouth opening, 2 dorsolateral to foramen magnum. Mouthparts. Mandibles large, when closed overlapping for over half their length, each with 3 equal teeth (Fig. 13a). Antenna (Figs 14, 15). Scape smooth, in lateral view about 0.5× as wide as long and almost twice as wide as pedicel; pedicel smooth, about 1.6× as long as wide, longer than any flagellomere and 0.5× as long as scape; flagellum 10-segmented, length 255 and less than head width, with 1 mps on fl 1 –fl 4 and apparently 1 or 2 mps on remaining flagellomeres, apical flagellomere the narrowest and tapering towards apex, with blunt or pointed apex (each antenna different), and with two apical setae about as long as basal width of flagellomere; length/width (ratios): scape 71/44 (1.62), pedicel 40/28 (1.41), fl 1 30/22 (1.36), fl 2 28/17 (1.60), fl 3 24/17 (1.37), fl 4 26/16 (1.65), fl 5 23/16 (1.49), fl 6 28/14 (2.00) and 26/16 (1.63), fl 7 18/14 (1.29), fl 8 22/14 (1.57) and 32/15 (2.13), fl 9 22/16 (1.37), fl 10 36/10 (3.5) (fl 6 and fl 8 have different dimensions so measurements for both antennae are given). Mesosoma (Fig. 16). In dorsal view 1.5× as long as wide, width 182; propodeum slightly the widest segment; pronotum almost smooth, with trace of longitudinal reticulations, and longitudinally divided medially, in dorsal view clearly visible, in lateral view almost horizontal, with 1 minute anterior and 1 posterior submedian seta (or at least a sensillum) and 1 slightly longer posterior sublateral seta; mesoscutum slightly less than 1.5× as long as wide, smooth, with notaulus evanescent in posterior half, except with small shallow depression on anterior margin just lateral to notaulus, without adnotaular setae, and with 1 lateral seta just anterior to spiracle; mesoscutellum medially slightly shorter than mesoscutum, with scutellum 1.5× as long as strongly transverse frenum, with frenal line separating the two present only laterally; axilla with a minute seta on dorsal and lateral panels; scutellum with a seta at lateral margin about midway between anterior margin and frenal line; fenestra (only visible internally) occupying most of scutellum except for a narrow crescent along anterior margin; metanotum with dorsellum medially about 0.6× as long as frenum and about 3.8× as wide, as long and extending narrowly laterally along anterior margin of propodeum to lateral margin of lateral panel of metanotum; lateral panel of metanotum distinct, narrow medially, wider laterally, with a distinct pit along anterior margin midway between median and lateral margins, and with 2 minute setae at lateral margin in anterior and posterior corners; propodeum, smooth, about 0.4× as long as wide, with spiracle small and without propodeal seta. Wings. Reduced to minute translucent balloon-like vestiges with hind wing slightly larger than fore wing (Fig. 16, left side) and shorter than half length of tegula (Fig. 16, right side). Legs. Short, with femora stout, tibiae distally stout and not much longer than femora, and tarsi short, with tarsal segments 1 and 4 about as long as wide, and tarsal segments 2 and 3 shorter than wide (Figs 11, 12). Metasoma. About 1.4× as long as mesosoma; petiole about 12× as wide as long and almost as wide as gt 1; gaster with all segments about equal in length and weakly sclerotized, collapsing in air dried specimens, truncate posteriorly with last visible segment in dorsal view almost as wide as gt 1 and without externally visible spiracle (Fig. 11); each gastral segment apparently with 2 minute setae laterally along posterior margin. Genitalia. Capsule rectangular, about 0.4× as long as aedeagal apodemes + aedeagus (Fig. 17).</p> <p>Host. Rhaphidophoridae (Orthoptera), unidentified to genus and species. The egg remains was preserved and glued to a card together with one of the P. earlyi females. The egg measured 4 mm in length and, though slightly crushed, measured about 1.7 mm in diameter. Its volume was calculated as 1.22825 mm 3. The volume of a female of P. earlyi was calculated as 0.0052 mm 3 so an estimated 24 individuals would have completely occupied the host egg. Given that the host egg is not cylindrical but somewhat oval and that the chorion thickness also would slightly reduce the egg internal volume, the maximum possible number of P. earlyi individuals that could have filled the egg completely would only be about 20, i.e., almost the same number as was actually reared from the egg. This indicates that the entire egg contents must have been used to feed the developing larvae of P. earlyi, whose bodies ultimately filled the egg completely. Though the egg chorion was somewhat torn, at least one hole and perhaps two or three holes were made, likely by at least one of the three males, for parasitoid emergence.</p> <p>Derivation of species name. The species is named in honour of John W. Early, Curator (retired) of Entomology, Auckland Museum, Auckland, New Zealand, one of the collectors of the new species.</p> <p>Distribution. New Zealand.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/742C87EDFFAE513560AEFF0DFD96B33D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Huber, John T.;Read, Jennifer	Huber, John T., Read, Jennifer (2021): A new, remarkable species of Platystethynium (Platypatasson) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) from New Zealand. Zootaxa 5052 (2): 215-232, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5052.2.3
742C87EDFFA6513C60AEFF0DFD51B7DA.text	742C87EDFFA6513C60AEFF0DFD51B7DA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platystethynium (Platypatasson) fransseni (Ogloblin 1946)	<div><p>Platystethynium (Platypatasson) fransseni (Ogloblin, 1946)</p> <p>(Figs 18–26)</p> <p>Platypatasson fransseni Ogloblin, 1946: 293; holotype ♀ (USNM). Type locality: Indonesia, Java, Bogor. Subba Rao, 1970: 664 (distribution, male description).</p> <p>Remarks. Subba Rao (1970) briefly described and illustrated the male of this species, identified by him as Platypatasson fransseni, and his species identification is confirmed here. Subba Rao mentioned that he had remounted the 70 specimens, including 2 males, from Canada balsam into chloral hydrate but he did not state how many slides he had made. We borrowed the only two slides that could so far be found. Careful examination by both N. Dale-Skey (NHMUK) and J. Huber failed to locate either of the two male specimens on these slides. There should therefore be at least one other slide with these males. Twenty-two females on one slide (NHMUK), labelled: “New Guinea, Manaus.- 1932, J.L. Froggatt, ex eggs of locustid.” and “ Platypatasson fransseni A. Ogloblin B.R. Subba det. 1969” were examined. The mounting medium of the second slide, somewhat similarly labelled, was completely dark brown so almost nothing could be seen.</p> <p>The head in dorsal view (Fig. 22), a pair of wings (Fig. 21) and two sets of antennae (Figs 18–20) from specimens on the first slide are illustrated for comparison with the wings and antennae of a paratype of P. fransseni in the CNC (Figs 23, 24). The short lateral seta on the vertex between the median ocellus and transverse trabecula is apparently absent. The fore wings are almost identical, with two distinct rows of microtrichia in the basal half beyond the apex of the venation, but the antennae vary slightly. Measurements are: clava length/width 2.12–2.60 (the two Papua New Guinea specimens) compared to 2.86 (the paratype). Simple inspection of the funicle segments, especially the apical segment, shows that length/width differs, in this case mainly because of apparently different orientation (dorsal versus lateral, especially the scape and pedicel) of each pair of antennae.</p> <p>Distribution. Indonesia, Papua New Guinea.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/742C87EDFFA6513C60AEFF0DFD51B7DA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Huber, John T.;Read, Jennifer	Huber, John T., Read, Jennifer (2021): A new, remarkable species of Platystethynium (Platypatasson) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) from New Zealand. Zootaxa 5052 (2): 215-232, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5052.2.3
742C87EDFFA6513860AEFBAEFCABB765.text	742C87EDFFA6513860AEFBAEFCABB765.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platystethynium (Platystethynium) onomarchicidum Ogloblin 1946	<div><p>Platystethynium (Platystethynium) onomarchicidum Ogloblin, 1946</p> <p>Platystethynium) onomarchicidum Ogloblin, 1946: 291; holotype ♀ (USNM). Type locality: Indonesia, Java, Bogor. Triapitsyn, 2018: 159 (comparison with P. glabrum).</p> <p>Platystethynium glabrum Jin &amp; Li, 2016: 204, syn. n. Holotype ♀ (NEFU). Type locality: China, Yunnan, Mannanxing.</p> <p>Remarks. Platystethynium glabrum, originally described from only one specimen and later recorded and illustrated from Taiwan by Triapitsyn (2018) and India by Sankaraman et al. (2020), is placed here in synonymy under P. onomarchicidum. Jin &amp; Li (2016) recognized that P. glabrum was “obviously closely related to P. onomarchicidum.” The diagnostic features they presented do not work, either because they appear to be common to all P. (Platystethynium) species or they are wrongly described, e.g., the ocelli do not form a right angled triangle, as also stated (wrongly) by Ogloblin (1946), and there are a very few short setae among the eye facets. Triapitsyn (2018) also noted several incorrect statements in the P. glabrum description. The ratios given are not so different from those of P. onomarchicidum specimens that they could be considered sufficient to recognize two (or more) species instead of one, variable species. The propodeum in P. glabrum is stated to be relatively shorter than in P. onomarchicidum (0.49× instead of 0.57× the frenum length) and the ovipositor of P. glabrum originates at the level of tergum 4, as illustrated by Jin &amp; Li and Sankaraman et al. (2020). Specimens of P. onomarchicidum in the CNC have the ovipositor originating at the level of tergum 2, 3 or 4 and the ovipositor length is ~0.64–0.75× the gaster length (0.84× gaster length in P. glabrum). The ovipositor length in two paratypes is 2.81 and 3.11× metatibia length, and in two non-type specimens is 2.61–2.78× metatibia length. Triapitsyn (2018) recorded the ovipositor length as 1.8× metatibia length in a specimen he identified as P. glabrum from Taiwan. In an otherwise similar specimen of Platystethynium (Platystethynium) sp. from Thailand he reported the ovipositor length as 2.3× metatibia length. He also measured non-type specimens from the same series as the types of P. onomarchicidum and recorded the ovipositor as about 3.0× metatibia length. He supposed that the ovipositor in P. onomarchicidum could be subject of significant intraspecific variability, but because material at his disposal was limited he did not place P. glabrum in synonymy under P. onomarchicidum. Jin &amp; Li (2016) did not use the ratio of ovipositor length/metatibia length but it can be calculated from the scale bars and images of the holotype of P. glabrum, i.e., the ovipositor length is 2.37× as long as metatibia length. The greatest variation among all the above specimens is in ovipositor length, with the two nontype specimens about midway between the ratio given for the paratypes of P. onomarchicidum and the holotype of P. glabrum. Jin &amp; Li (2016) gave the scape length/width of P. glabrum as ~2.64 and compared it to the scape length/width ratio from Ogloblin (1946) but his ratio is wrong, as one can determine if one measures his illustration of the scape; it is 2.69× not 1.85× as long as wide, which is almost identical to that of P. glabrum. A paratype (CNC) of P. onomarchicidum was measured to confirm the ratio. No other differences between P. glabrum and P. onomarchicidum are known so the above synonymy is confidently made.</p> <p>Host. The only know host so far is Onomarchus uninotatus (Serville) (Tettigoniidae: Pseudophyllinae), an Oriental species with a range extending from India to Australia, so it is not surprising that P. onomarchicidum is also widespread and shows some intraspecific variation.</p> <p>Material examined. LAOS: Houa Phan, Phou Pane Mt., 1480-1510 m, 20°13'09"–19°Ν 103°59'54"– 104°00'03"E, 1-16.vi.2009, V. Kubáň (2 ♀, CNC). PHILIPPINES: Cavite, Indang, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.90667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.153334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.90667/lat 14.153334)">Petronio</a> coffee farm, 14°09.20'N 120°54.40'E, 1508', 2.iv.2011, H. Ngo, Malaise trap (1 ♀, CNC). TAIWAN: Pintung, Kenting Nat. Park, 200-230 m, 17-23.v.1991, C.K. Starr &amp; M. Wu, secondary forest, Malaise trap (2 ♀, CNC). THAILAND: Chiang Mai, Amphur Mae, 250 m, 15.42°Ν 98.49°Ε, 1-31.i.1998, R. Snelling, forest, Malaise trap (1 ♀, CNC); Nakhon Nayok, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.37313&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.408033" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.37313/lat 14.408033)">Khao Yai Nat. Park</a>, evergreen trail near training centre, 14°24.482'N 101°22.388'E, 755 m, 26.ii-5.iii.2007, Malaise trap, W. Sukho; Uthai &amp; Tak, Huai Kha Khaeng [Wildlife Sanctuary], 400 m, iii.1986, M.G. Allen (1 ♀, CNC).</p> <p>Distribution. India, Indonesia, Laos, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand. Rameshkumar et al. (2015) reported an unidentified Platystethynium from Meghalaya, northeastern India. Their habitus image is definitely that of P. onomarchicidum so India is included in the list of countries.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/742C87EDFFA6513860AEFBAEFCABB765	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Huber, John T.;Read, Jennifer	Huber, John T., Read, Jennifer (2021): A new, remarkable species of Platystethynium (Platypatasson) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) from New Zealand. Zootaxa 5052 (2): 215-232, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5052.2.3
