taxonID	type	description	language	source
ED1EBB07A94CFFFD53A7F9A792CA4B0C.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — CHINA. Yunnan Province: Baoshan City, Lancang River Nature Reserve (28.72997 ° N, 99.361083 ° E), elev. 2674 m, on dead bamboo culms, 10 October 2019, Yinhui Pi 2019 LC 157 (GMB 0030, holotype; KUN-HKAS 112663, isotype; ex-type living culture, GMBC 0030). Saprobic on dead bamboo culms. Sexual morph: Stromata scattered or gregarious, solitary, superficial, black, hexagonal prism, 0.5 – 0.8 mm diam., 0.3 – 0.6 mm high, containing 1 – 2 ascomata, with a circle of black tissue at the bottom, with a papillary ostiole. External stromatal layer black, carbonaceous, easily chipped away to reveal the thin, black ascomata. Ostioles papillate in the centre, black. Perithecia subglobose to globose, 0.4 – 0.8 mm diam., 0.3 – 0.6 mm high. Asci 145 – 175 × 9 – 16 μm (mean 162 × 11.8 μm, n = 30), 8 - spored, unitunicate, short-pedicellate, apically rounded with a J +, wedge-shaped apical apparatus, blue staining in Melzer’s reagent, 3.0 – 3.5 μm (mean 3.2 μm, n = 30) high, 1.5 – 2.0 μm (mean 1.7 μm, n = 30) broad. Ascospores 26 – 36.5 × 5 – 7.5 μm (mean 31 × 6.5 μm, n = 30), overlapping uniseriate, fusiform, equilateral, 3 - septate, not constricted at septa, yellowish brown, blunt at both ends, smooth-walled, lacking germ slits or appendages. Asexual morph: undetermined. Culture characteristics: — Ascospores germinated on PDA within 24 hours at 25 ° C, colonies, dense but thinning towards the edge, edge irregular, white from above, reverse similar in colour. No conidia were observed on PDA or oat agar (OA) media. Habitat / Distribution: — Known to inhabit dead bamboo, Yunnan Province, China.	en	Wu, You-Peng, Pi, Yin-Hui, Long, Si-Han, Lin, Yan, Long, Qing-De, Kang, Ji-Chuan, Kang, Ying-Qian, Shen, Xiang-Chun, Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Zhang, Xu, Li, Qi-Rui (2021): Morphological and phylogenetic study of five species of Astrocystis and Collodiscula on bamboo. Phytotaxa 522 (4): 265-284, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.522.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.522.4.1
ED1EBB07A94CFFFD53A7F9A792CA4B0C.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Refers to the location where the specimens were collected, Lancang River Nature Reserve. Other material examined: — CHINA. Yunnan Province: Baoshan City, Lancang River Nature Reserve (25.7880 ° N, 99.352864 ° E), elev. 2656 m, on dead bamboo culms, 10 October 2019, Yinhui Pi 2019 LC 352 (GMB 0031, KUN-HKAS 112678; no culture was obtained; DNA was extracted directly from asci and ascospores); Yunnan Province: Baoshan City, Lancang River Nature Reserve (25.033204 ° N, 99.361543 ° E), elev. 2676 m, on dead bamboo culms, 10 October 2019, Yinhui Pi 2019 LC 205 (GMB 0038; KUN-HKAS 112669; no culture was obtained). Notes: — To date, six species of Collodiscula have been reported (Hino & Katumoto 1955, Li et al. 2015 a, b, Hyde et al. 2017, Xie et al. 2020). Collodiscula lancangjiangensis has 3 - septate ascospores as does C. fangjingshanensis and C. leigongshanensis, which were collected from China. However, C. lancangjiangensis has larger ascospores than C. fangjingshanensis (19 – 25.5 × 4.5 – 6 μm) and C. leigongshanensis (28 – 35 × 8 – 10.5 μm). Phylogenetic analyses (Fig. 1) indicates that C. lancangjiangensis is closely related to C. japonica with high bootstrap support and PP values (92 % ML, 0.99 BYPP; Fig. 1), but forms a distinct lineage.	en	Wu, You-Peng, Pi, Yin-Hui, Long, Si-Han, Lin, Yan, Long, Qing-De, Kang, Ji-Chuan, Kang, Ying-Qian, Shen, Xiang-Chun, Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Zhang, Xu, Li, Qi-Rui (2021): Morphological and phylogenetic study of five species of Astrocystis and Collodiscula on bamboo. Phytotaxa 522 (4): 265-284, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.522.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.522.4.1
ED1EBB07A947FFFD53A7FC9D93D34F34.taxon	description	Saprobic on dead bamboo culms, arising from the center of the base and perpendicular to the surface of the substrate. Sexual morph: Stromata scattered, superficial, pulvinate, 0.8 – 1 mm diam., 0.3 – 0.6 mm high, containing 1 (– 3) ascomata, coronate with the outer stroma remaining as a ‘ crown’ around the inner stroma, black, carbonaceous, the combined outer and inner stromal layers fused to form a single layer, easily stripped from the inner stroma. Perithecia semiglobose, 0.4 – 0.6 mm diam., 0.3 – 0.6 mm high. Asci 120 – 148 × 7.0 – 11.4 μm (mean 132 × 8.3 μm, n = 30), 8 - spored, unitunicate, short-stipitate, apically rounded with a J +, funnel-shaped apical apparatus, blue staining in Melzer’s reagent. Ascospores 19 – 26 × 4.5 – 5.5 μm (mean 22.5 × 4.8 μm, n = 30), fusiform to narrowly fusiform, brown to dark brown, 1 - septate, not or slightly constricted at septum, inaequilateral, with rounded ends, smooth- walled, lacking germ slits or appendages. Asexual morph: Acanthodochium collodisculae. Specimens examined: — CHINA. Guizhou Province: Tongren City, Fanjingshan Nature Reserve (27.533842 ° N, 108.454326 ° E), elev. 920 m, on dead bamboo culms, 10 October 2020, Q. R. Li 2020 FJS 37 (GMB 0035, KUN-HKAS 112692; living culture, GMBC 0035). Culture characteristics: — Ascospores germinated on PDA within 24 hours at 25 ° C, colonies, dense but thinning towards the edge, edge irregular, white from above, reverse similar in colour. No conidia were observed on PDA and OA media. Habitat / Distribution: — Known to inhabit dead bamboo, China, Japan, Russia.	en	Wu, You-Peng, Pi, Yin-Hui, Long, Si-Han, Lin, Yan, Long, Qing-De, Kang, Ji-Chuan, Kang, Ying-Qian, Shen, Xiang-Chun, Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Zhang, Xu, Li, Qi-Rui (2021): Morphological and phylogenetic study of five species of Astrocystis and Collodiscula on bamboo. Phytotaxa 522 (4): 265-284, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.522.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.522.4.1
ED1EBB07A947FFFD53A7FC9D93D34F34.taxon	materials_examined	Other specimens examined: — CHINA. Guizhou Province: Tongren City, Fanjingshan Nature Reserve (27.544283 ° N, 108.42908 ° E), elev. 1037 m, on dead bamboo culms, 10 October 2020, Q. R. Li, collection number: 2020 FJS 29 (GMB 0034, KUN-HKAS 112690; living culture, GMBC 0034). Notes: — The genus Collodiscula was introduced and typified by C. japonica from bamboo culms in Japan. Subsequently, C. japonica has been reported from Russia (Vasilyeva 1998), Taiwan (Ju & Rogers 1999), and Zhejiang province, China (Jaklitsch & Voglmayr 2012). Phylogenetic analyses of the combined ITS, RPB 2, β-tubulin and α-actin sequences dataset shows that our strains, GMB 0034 and GMB 0035, clade with C. japonica (CBS 124266) with high support (95 % ML, 0.98 BYPP; Fig. 1). The new collections are morphologically the same as C. japonica. Interestingly, all collections of C. japonica were found on the surface of bamboo culms.	en	Wu, You-Peng, Pi, Yin-Hui, Long, Si-Han, Lin, Yan, Long, Qing-De, Kang, Ji-Chuan, Kang, Ying-Qian, Shen, Xiang-Chun, Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Zhang, Xu, Li, Qi-Rui (2021): Morphological and phylogenetic study of five species of Astrocystis and Collodiscula on bamboo. Phytotaxa 522 (4): 265-284, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.522.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.522.4.1
ED1EBB07A944FFFE53A7FF6D92304DCD.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — CHINA. Yunnan Province: Baoshan City, Lancang River Nature Reserve (24.51946 ° N, 99.415778 ° E), elev. 1747 m, on dead bamboo culms, 10 October 2019, Yinhui Pi 2019 LC 129 (GMB 0033, holotype; KUN-HKAS 112661, isotype; ex-type living culture, GMBC 0033). Saprobic on the surface of dead bamboo culms, visible as black raised lump on the host. Sexual morph: Stromata erumpent, effused lump with flat top, irregular in outline, with a discoid black base, containing many perithecia (mostly more than 8, with independent ostiole), gregarious or solitary, scattered, carbonaceous, embedded on the host surface, 0.6 – 3.0 mm diam., 0.6 – 2.4 mm high, smooth, tissue between perithecia woody. Perithecia spherical to obovate, without carbonaceous stromatal tissue surrounding the individual perithecia. Ostioles at the same level as stromatal surface, with slight papillate openings. Asci 120 – 142 × 7 – 12.5 μm (mean 131 × 9.5 μm, n = 30), 8 - spored, unitunicate, cylindrical, short-pedicellate, persistent, apically rounded, with J +, square-shaped apical apparatus, blue staining in Melzer’s reagent, 3 – 5 μm (mean 3.5 μm, n = 30) high, 3.0 – 4.5 μm (mean 3.3 μm, n = 30) wide. Ascospores 19 – 25 × 7 – 11 μm (mean 21.5 × 8.7 μm, n = 30), uniseriate, dark reddish brown, aseptate, equilateral ellipsoid, with rounded ends, smooth, with a straight germ slit slightly less than full-length, lacking appendages and sheath. Asexual morph: undetermined. Culture characteristics: — Ascospores germinated on PDA within 24 hours, 25 ° C, colonies, dense but thinning towards the edge, edge irregular, white from above, reverse similar in colour. No conidia were observed on PDA or OA media. Habitat / Distribution: — Known to inhabit dead bamboo, Yunnan Province, China.	en	Wu, You-Peng, Pi, Yin-Hui, Long, Si-Han, Lin, Yan, Long, Qing-De, Kang, Ji-Chuan, Kang, Ying-Qian, Shen, Xiang-Chun, Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Zhang, Xu, Li, Qi-Rui (2021): Morphological and phylogenetic study of five species of Astrocystis and Collodiscula on bamboo. Phytotaxa 522 (4): 265-284, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.522.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.522.4.1
ED1EBB07A944FFFE53A7FF6D92304DCD.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Refers to its stromata containing many ascomata. Other specimens examined: — CHINA. Yunnan Province: Baoshan City, Lancang River Nature Reserve (25.13409 ° N, 99.352676 ° E), elev. 2546 m, on dead bamboo culms, 10 October 2019, Yinhui Pi, collection number: 2019 LC 166 (GMB 0032; living culture, GMBC 0032). Notes: — Morphologically, A. multiloculata can be distinguished from other Astrocystis species by its superficial stromata, which contain many perithecia (mostly more than 8, with independent ostiole), and larger ascospores (19 – 25 × 7 – 11 μm). Phylogenetic analyses based on ITS, RPB 2, β-tubulin and α-actin dataset show that A. multiloculata formed a well-separated clade to A. cocoes with high bootstrap support (Fig. 1). Astrocystis multiloculata shows a close relationship with Kretzschmariella in terms of stromata. Both have stromata containing many perithecia, and ascospores with straight germ slit slightly less than spore-length, but K. culmorum (Cooke) Y. M. Ju & J. D. Rogers (Ju & Rogers 1994) and K. guaduae Viégas (Viégas 1994) usually bear a cellular appendage on immature ascospores which distinguish them from A. multiloculata. Moreover, the phylogenetic tree shows that it is more reasonable to place A. multiloculata in Astrocystis.	en	Wu, You-Peng, Pi, Yin-Hui, Long, Si-Han, Lin, Yan, Long, Qing-De, Kang, Ji-Chuan, Kang, Ying-Qian, Shen, Xiang-Chun, Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Zhang, Xu, Li, Qi-Rui (2021): Morphological and phylogenetic study of five species of Astrocystis and Collodiscula on bamboo. Phytotaxa 522 (4): 265-284, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.522.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.522.4.1
ED1EBB07A944FFFA53A7FA5D91494920.taxon	description	Saprobic on the surface of dead bamboo stalk, visible as black raised spots on the host. Sexual morph: Stromata erumpent, scattered, superficial, subglobose to dome-shaped, blackened, carbonaceous, with papillate ostioles, containing 1 – 3 ascomata, 0.20 – 0.73 mm diam., 0.13 – 0.20 mm high. Perithecia comprising black, fragile, carbonaceous tissue. Asci 119 – 132 × 8 – 11.5 μm (mean 124 × 9.6 μm, n = 30), 8 - spored, unitunicate, cylindrical, with a short pedicel, persistent, apically rounded, with J +, square-shaped apical apparatus, blue staining in Melzer’s reagent, 3 – 4.5 μm (mean 3.2 μm, n = 30) high, 2.0 – 3.5 μm (mean 2.8 μm, n = 30) wide. Ascospores 18.0 – 26 × 6.5 – 11 μm (mean 20.8 × 8.0 μm, n = 30), uniseriate, ellipsoid, aseptate, brown to dark brown, guttulate, smooth-walled, with a germ slit slightly less than full spore-length, lacking appendages and sheath. Asexual morph: undetermined. Specimens examined: — CHINA. Guizhou Province: Tongren City, Fanjingshan Nature Reserve (27.544623 ° N, 108.454326 ° E), elev. 912 m, on dead bamboo culms, 10 October 2020, Q. R. Li 2020 FJS 35 (GMB 0036, KUN-HKAS 112691; living culture, GMBC 0036). Culture characteristics: — Ascospores germinated on PDA within 24 hours at 25 ° C, colonies, dense but thinning towards the edge, edge irregular, white from above, reverse similar in colour. No conidia were observed on PDA or OA media. Habitat / Distribution: — Known to inhabit dead bamboo, China, Thailand. Notes: — Morphologically, A. bambusicola differs from A. mirabilis and A. bambusae by its superficial stromata, larger ascospores and smaller asci. Phylogenetic analyses of a combined ITS, RPB 2, β-tubulin and α-actin sequences dataset shows that our strain GMB 0036 clades with the type strain of A. bambusicola (MFLUCC 17 - 0127) with high statistical support (99 % ML, 0.99 BYPP; Fig. 1). The new collection morphologically resembles A. bambusicola. Thus, we identify it as A. bambusicola which has been reported in Thailand (Hyde et al. 2017) and Yunnan, China (Hyde et al. 2019).	en	Wu, You-Peng, Pi, Yin-Hui, Long, Si-Han, Lin, Yan, Long, Qing-De, Kang, Ji-Chuan, Kang, Ying-Qian, Shen, Xiang-Chun, Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Zhang, Xu, Li, Qi-Rui (2021): Morphological and phylogenetic study of five species of Astrocystis and Collodiscula on bamboo. Phytotaxa 522 (4): 265-284, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.522.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.522.4.1
ED1EBB07A940FFFA53A7FE6995954D10.taxon	description	Saprobic on the surface of dead bamboo stalk, visible as black raised spots on the host. Sexual morph: Stromata erumpent, solitary or gregarious, not or somewhat confluent, black, carbonaceous, containing 1 ascoma, almost conical with a round apex, 0.4 – 0.6 mm diam., 0.5 – 0.8 mm high, with an outer stellate layer; persistent pale squamules from host cuticle, apex smooth and sometimes almost annulate with a minutely papillate ostiole. Asci 118 – 129 × 6.6 – 8.5 μm (mean 123 × 7.6 μm, n = 30), 8 - spored, spore bearing part cylindrical, stipe short and tapering, apically rounded, with a discoid, subapical, J + apical apparatus, with sides tapering to the base, blue staining in Melzer’s reagent, 2.4 – 3.5 μm (mean 2.8 μm, n = 30) high, 2.0 – 3.2 μm (mean 2.8 μm, n = 30) wide. Ascospores 18.1 – 22.8 × 5.5 – 6.0 μm (mean 19.8 × 6.2 μm, n = 30), overlapping uniseriate, aseptate, dark reddish brown, inequilaterally fusiform, with one or both ends beaked, flattened side slightly convex, with a germ slit on flattened side, less than full spore-length, with thin mucilaginous sheath and pad-like polar appendages. Asexual morph: undetermined. Specimens examined: — CHINA. Hainan Province: Wuzhishan City, Wuzhishan Nature Reserve (18.541959 ° N, 109.405444 ° E), elev. 767 m, on dead bamboo culms, 11 October 2020, Q. R. Li 2020 WZS 64 - 3 (GMB 0037; KUN-HKAS 112701; living culture, GMBC 0037). Culture characteristics: — Ascospores germinated on PDA within 24 hours at 25 ° C, colonies, dense but thinning towards the edge, edge irregular, white from above, reverse similar in colour. No conidia were observed on PDA or OA media. Habitat / Distribution: — Known to inhabit dead bamboo, Brazil, China, India, Philippines. Notes: — Astrocystis cocoes was described on dead branches of Cocos nucifera (Laessøe & Spooner 1994) collected from Philippines. Our new collection (GMB 0037) morphologically resembles A. cocoes. Astrocystis cocoes is distinct from A. sublimbata by its size of ascospores (15 – 19 × 6.5 – 8.5 μm vs 17 – 22 × 7.5 – 9.5 μm). Moreover, the ascospores of A. sublimbata do not possess a mucilaginous sheath and pad-like polar appendages (Smith & Hyde 2001). Phylogenetic analyses of the combined ITS, RPB 2, β-tubulin and α-actin genes show that GMBC 0037 groups with A. cocoes with high support (100 % ML, 1.00 BYPP; Fig. 1). This is the first report of A. cocoes from China.	en	Wu, You-Peng, Pi, Yin-Hui, Long, Si-Han, Lin, Yan, Long, Qing-De, Kang, Ji-Chuan, Kang, Ying-Qian, Shen, Xiang-Chun, Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Zhang, Xu, Li, Qi-Rui (2021): Morphological and phylogenetic study of five species of Astrocystis and Collodiscula on bamboo. Phytotaxa 522 (4): 265-284, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.522.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.522.4.1
