taxonID	type	description	language	source
BD4787A24B410431FF5BFE69E5D2FEF1.taxon	description	(Figs. 2 – 6) “ (http: // zoobank. org / urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 7 A 63 FD 88 - 5292 - 4 B 23 - 8 E 84 - 3 B 5557 EEC 9 F 8) ”	en	Watiroyram, Santi, Sanoamuang, La-Orsri, Brancelj, Anton (2021): New species of Elaphoidella Chappuis, 1929 and Schizopera Sars, 1905 (Copepoda Harpacticoida) from two caves in northeastern and southern Thailand. Zootaxa 5051 (1): 550-569, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5051.1.22
BD4787A24B410431FF5BFE69E5D2FEF1.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Pha Dam Cave, Na Ngua Subdistrict, Nam Som District, Udon Thani Province, northeastern Thailand; coordinates of the cave entrance: 17 ° 46 ’ 14.38 ” N, 102 ° 12 ’ 36.72 ” E; altitude: 223 m a. s. l. (Fig. 1 A – C). Material examined. Holotype: adult female, length 420 µm (access no: NHMUK 2019.1001), completely dissected and mounted on one slide. Paratypes: five adult females, stored in 70 % ethanol (access nos: NHMUK 2019.1002 - 1006, NPU 2019 - 1). All specimens were collected from the type locality on October 23, 2016 by Santi Watiroyram.	en	Watiroyram, Santi, Sanoamuang, La-Orsri, Brancelj, Anton (2021): New species of Elaphoidella Chappuis, 1929 and Schizopera Sars, 1905 (Copepoda Harpacticoida) from two caves in northeastern and southern Thailand. Zootaxa 5051 (1): 550-569, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5051.1.22
BD4787A24B410431FF5BFE69E5D2FEF1.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Elaphoidella isana sp. nov. is named after the Isan region (Thai name for northeastern part of Thailand) from where the specimens were collected. The species epithet is a feminine singular adjective.	en	Watiroyram, Santi, Sanoamuang, La-Orsri, Brancelj, Anton (2021): New species of Elaphoidella Chappuis, 1929 and Schizopera Sars, 1905 (Copepoda Harpacticoida) from two caves in northeastern and southern Thailand. Zootaxa 5051 (1): 550-569, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5051.1.22
BD4787A24B410431FF5BFE69E5D2FEF1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from the pools fed by dripping water from the type locality.	en	Watiroyram, Santi, Sanoamuang, La-Orsri, Brancelj, Anton (2021): New species of Elaphoidella Chappuis, 1929 and Schizopera Sars, 1905 (Copepoda Harpacticoida) from two caves in northeastern and southern Thailand. Zootaxa 5051 (1): 550-569, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5051.1.22
BD4787A24B410431FF5BFE69E5D2FEF1.taxon	description	Description of female. Body length measured from anterior margin of rostrum to posterior margin of caudal rami: 420 – 540 µm (mean = 450 µm, n = 5). Habitus elongate, subcylindrical, width evenly decreasing from cephalothorax to last urosomite; preserved specimens colourless (Fig. 2 A – B). Naupliar eye not discernible. Cephalothorax with well discernible integumental saddle-shaped window; prosomites and urosomites with serrated posterior margins (Figs. 2 C; 3 A; 4 A – C). Genital double-somite completely fused (Figs. 2 A – C; 3 A), about 0.9 times as long as wide, with row of strong spinules on distal dorso-lateral margin; two short rows of small spinules ventrally near insertion of P 6. Genital complex (Fig. 3 A) with large, bell-shaped median copulatory pore. Urosomites 3 and 4 with row of robust spinules dorso-laterally, laterally and ventro-laterally; urosomite 4 with row of small spinules ventrally located in middle of row. Anal somite (Figs. 2 C – D; 3 A – C; 4 B – E) with one pair of sensilla dorsally at base of insertion of anal operculum; two strong spinules laterally and one strong spinule ventrally positioned at inner corner of base of each caudal ramus. Anal operculum (Figs. 2 C – D; 3 C; 4 D) well developed, slightly extending beyond anal somite; with 25 (range: 24 – 26) strong spinules on free margin. Caudal ramus (Figs. 2 C – D; 3 A – C; 4 D – E) asymmetrically conical, about 1.5 times as long as wide, with well developed dorsal keel; with oblique dorso-lateral row of spinules and row of spinules along distal inner margin; with prominent plate extending over base of caudal setae. Setae I – III and VI – VII bare and thin. Anterolateral accessory seta (I) slightly shorter than caudal ramus, inserted at about 1 / 4 of caudal ramus length. Anterolateral seta (II) short, inserted just below of seta I. Posterolateral seta (III) inserted at about middle of caudal ramus length, as long as seta I, with two strong spinules at its base. Outer apical seta (IV) about as long as caudal ramus, unipinnate, without breaking plane. Inner apical seta (V) longest, without breaking plane. Inner accessory seta (VI) slightly longer than seta III. Dorsal seta (VII) articulated, as long as seta III, inserted on keel at half length of caudal ramus. Antennule (Fig. 5 A) eight-segmented, not reaching to middle of cephalothorax. Both aesthetascs fused with seta at its base (forming acrothek on apical segment), proximal one larger and longer than distal one. Setal formula: 1, 9, 5, 2 + a, 1, 3, 2, 7 + a. Antenna (Fig. 5 B) comprising coxa, allobasis, and one-segmented Exp and Enp. Coxa slightly shorter than wide, unornamented. Allobasis about three times as long as wide, with four thin spinules on median margin. Onesegmented Exp with two unipinnate setae subapically and two unipinnate setae apically, similar in length. Enp about five times as long as wide, with two strong spines laterally and several strong spinules along margin; apically with five elements: one strong unipinnated spine, one normal bare seta, three geniculate setae; external surface of Enp with two transverse rows of tiny spinules on distal part and thin seta inserted sub-apically. Mandible (Fig. 5 C) robust, with six strong chitinized teeth and one unipinnate seta on gnathobase. Mandibular palp two-segmented; proximal segment with one bare seta on distal corner; distal segment with one seta laterally and four setae apically, all setae bare. Maxillule (Fig. 5 D) robust. Praecoxal arthrite with seven robust unipinnate spines; bare, slender seta on anterior surface. Coxal endite with one bipinnate seta. Basis with two bare, slender setae, one strong bipinnate seta apically. Enp and Exp represented by two bare, slender setae each. Maxilla (Fig. 5 E) short, robust. Syncoxa with two endites, each with one bare and two unipinnate setae inserted apically; row of long spinules inserted on outer margin of syncoxa. Basal endite drawn out into strong, claw-like apophysis, with few spinules distally, two bare setae laterally; Enp represented by one bare seta. Maxilliped (Figs. 4 F; 5 F) prehensile. Syncoxa with spinules proximally and distally. Basis three times as long as wide, with 18 – 20 spinules on inner margin, additional two rows of small spinules on outer margin proximally and distally. Enp drawn into unipinnate claw, curved inwards; with bare thin seta at its base. P 1 with three-segmented Exp and Enp, P 2 – P 4 with three-segmented Exp and two-segmented Enp. P 1 – P 4 intercoxal sclerites with concave free margin without ornamentation. Distribution of spinules as indicated on Fig. 6 A – D. Armature formula of P 1 – P 4 as follows (legend: inner-outer seta / spine; inner-apical-outer; Arabic numerals represent setae, Roman numerals represent spines): P 1 (Fig. 6 A) Enp slightly longer than Exp; Enp- 1 about 3.2 times as long as wide, with unipinnate seta on inner margin distally. Enp- 2 three times as long as wide, with one bare seta at inner corner distally. Enp- 3 four times as long as wide, with one bare seta laterally, one geniculate and one unipinnate seta apically. Exp- 1 about twice as long as wide, with one unipinnate spine on outer margin distally. Exp- 2 as long as Exp- 1 with one bare seta on inner margin distally and one unipinnate spine on outer margin distally. Exp- 3 about three times as long as wide, with one geniculate seta on inner margin subapically, one geniculate seta and one unipinnate spine apically, and one unipinnate spine on outer margin distally. P 2 (Fig. 6 B) Enp about half length of Exp- 2. Enp- 1 shorter than wide, with bare seta on inner margin. Enp- 2 oval, about 2.5 times as long as wide; with two bare setae on inner margin, shorter than segment; two bipinnate setae, equal in length apically, about three times as long as segment; one spiniform seta apically, shorter than segment. Exp- 1 and Exp- 2 about 1.5 times as long as wide. Exp- 1 and Exp- 2 with one bipinnate spine on outer margin distally, Exp- 2 with one bipinnate seta on inner margin distally. Exp- 3 four times as long as wide; with one bipinnate seta on inner margin inserted in middle of segment, two bipinnate setae and one bipinnate spine on apical margin, apical setae unequal in length, longest one about twice as long as segment; outer margin with one bipinnate spine inserted at about 3 / 4 of margin. P 3 (Fig. 6 C) Enp as in P 2 but additional unipinnate seta on inner margin of Enp- 2; apical setae longer than in P 2 Enp, about four times as long as segment. Exp as in P 2 but inner setae of Exp- 2 and Exp- 3 with unipinnate tips on inner margin (normal in P 2) and long, robust spines with rounded tips on Exp- 1 and Exp- 2 (in contrast pointed in P 2). P 4 (Fig. 6 D) Enp shorter than Exp- 1. Enp- 1 small, with one bare seta on inner margin. Enp- 2 rectangular, four times as long as wide, with two unipinnate setae on inner margin, longer than segment; apical margin with one seta, about four times as long as segment, and one spiniform seta slightly shorter than segment. Exp relatively long. Exp- 1 about 2.5 times as long as wide; Exp- 2 about four times as long as wide, Exp- 3 about five times as long as wide. Setae on inner margin of Exp- 2 - 3 as in P 3. Exp- 3 seta of apical margin about 1.5 as long as segment. Spines on Exp- 1 - 2 with pointed tips, spines of outer margin of Exp- 3 bare, spine of apical margin unipinnate. P 5 (Fig. 6 E) seta on outer margin of baseoendopod long, thin, bare. Exp and baseoendopod well separated. Tip of baseoendopod reaching half of Exp length. Baseoendopod with four long, strong spiniform setae; three inner setae equal in length; outermost seta about half as long as longest one. Exp oval, with five elements: inner seta (I) as long as segment, spiniform; apical seta (II) longest, about four times as long as segment; outer seta (III) robust, spiniform, slightly longer than segment; two outermost setae (IV – V) thin, bare, very short. P 6 (Fig. 3 A) fused, forming reduced small simple plate located near base of copulatory tube; with two setae on each side, inner seta longer than outer one. Variability. The only morphological variability was observed in the body size, varying from 420 to 540 µm (n = 5). Male. Unknown	en	Watiroyram, Santi, Sanoamuang, La-Orsri, Brancelj, Anton (2021): New species of Elaphoidella Chappuis, 1929 and Schizopera Sars, 1905 (Copepoda Harpacticoida) from two caves in northeastern and southern Thailand. Zootaxa 5051 (1): 550-569, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5051.1.22
BD4787A24B4B0428FF5BFDFCE525FF49.taxon	description	(Figs. 7 – 11) (http: // zoobank. org / urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: ABD 44820 - 0 ECE- 4 DA 0 - 9516 - CFCCB 58 B 8 E 7 F)	en	Watiroyram, Santi, Sanoamuang, La-Orsri, Brancelj, Anton (2021): New species of Elaphoidella Chappuis, 1929 and Schizopera Sars, 1905 (Copepoda Harpacticoida) from two caves in northeastern and southern Thailand. Zootaxa 5051 (1): 550-569, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5051.1.22
BD4787A24B4B0428FF5BFDFCE525FF49.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Khao Chang Hai Cave, Na Muen Si Subdistrict, Na Yong District, Trang Province, southern Thailand; coordinates of the cave entrance: 07 ° 35 ’ 24.65 ” N, 099 ° 34 ’ 08.62 ” E; altitude: 45 m a. s. l. (Fig. 1 A, D – E). Material examined. Holotype: adult female, length 510 µm (access no: NHMUK 2019.1007), completely dissected and mounted on one slide. Allotype: adult male, length 500 µm (access no: NHMUK 2019.1008), completely dissected on one slide. Paratypes: three adult females and three adult males, stored in 70 % ethanol (access nos: NHMUK 2019.1009 – 1014, NPU 2019 - 02). All specimens collected from the type locality on December 1, 2017 by Santi Watiroyram.	en	Watiroyram, Santi, Sanoamuang, La-Orsri, Brancelj, Anton (2021): New species of Elaphoidella Chappuis, 1929 and Schizopera Sars, 1905 (Copepoda Harpacticoida) from two caves in northeastern and southern Thailand. Zootaxa 5051 (1): 550-569, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5051.1.22
BD4787A24B4B0428FF5BFDFCE525FF49.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Schizopera paktaii sp. nov. is named after the Paktai region (Thai name for the southern part of Thailand), where the species was collected. The species epithet is a feminine singular adjective.	en	Watiroyram, Santi, Sanoamuang, La-Orsri, Brancelj, Anton (2021): New species of Elaphoidella Chappuis, 1929 and Schizopera Sars, 1905 (Copepoda Harpacticoida) from two caves in northeastern and southern Thailand. Zootaxa 5051 (1): 550-569, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5051.1.22
BD4787A24B4B0428FF5BFDFCE525FF49.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from the pools fed by dripping water at the type locality.	en	Watiroyram, Santi, Sanoamuang, La-Orsri, Brancelj, Anton (2021): New species of Elaphoidella Chappuis, 1929 and Schizopera Sars, 1905 (Copepoda Harpacticoida) from two caves in northeastern and southern Thailand. Zootaxa 5051 (1): 550-569, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5051.1.22
BD4787A24B4B0428FF5BFDFCE525FF49.taxon	description	Description of female. Body length measured from anterior margin of rostrum to posterior margin of caudal rami: 460 – 540 µm (mean = 520 µm, n = 5). Habitus elongate, cylindrical, slightly tapering posteriorly; preserved specimens colourless (Figs. 7 A; 8 A). Cephalothorax rectangular, about 1.5 times as long as wide. Rostrum triangular, more than 2.0 times as long as wide, with pair of sensilla halfway rostrum length (Fig. 7 B). Naupliar eye not discernible. Prosomites and urosomites dorsally with tiny spinules on posterior margins, continued by serrated hyaline frill dorso-laterally and ventrally on urosomites. Genital double-somite (Figs. 7 C – D; 8 B, D), completely fused, as long as wide. Genital complex (Fig. 7 E) with single copulatory pore and two small seminal receptacles. Anal somite (Figs. 7 F; 8 C, E) with row of robust spinules dorso-laterally and ventrally; with oblique row of long hairs along inner margin, just below anal operculum. Anal operculum (Figs. 7 F; 8 C) well developed, broadly rounded; not reaching to end of anal somite; free margin with fine, short hairs. Caudal rami parallel (Figs. 7 A, C, F; 8 A – B). Caudal ramus subcylindrical, slightly tapering dorso-ventrally, about twice as long as wide; row of strong spinules dorsally at distal part of ramus, just above insertion of terminal caudal setae; three oblique rows of tiny spinules on dorsal surface; row of long hairs at distal 3 / 4 of inner margin. Caudal setae represented with six elements. Anterolateral accessory seta (I) absent. Anterolateral seta (II) strong, spiniform, about 0.3 times as long as ramus, located at 3 / 4 of ramus length. Posterolateral seta (III) slender, bare, about 0.5 times as long as ramus, inserted next to seta II. Outer apical seta (IV) slender, unipinnate, about twice as long as ramus, without breaking plane. Inner apical seta (V) longest, bipinnate, with breaking plane just posterior to swollen region, about 3.5 times as long as ramus. Inner accessory seta (VI) slender, bare, shorter than caudal width. Dorsal seta (VII) biarticulated, slender, as long as caudal ramus; positioned near inner margin at about 1 / 3 of caudal ramus length. Antennule (Figs. 8 A, F; 9 A) eight-segmented, short. Segments 1 and 2 swollen, oriented forward; other segments oriented laterally. Aesthetasc on segments 4 and 8 fused with seta at its base (forming acrothek on apical segment); aesthetasc on segment 4 larger and longer than distal one, reaching beyond tip of antennule; aesthetasc on segment 8 slim, about half length of former one. Setal formula: 1, 8, 6, 3 + a, 2, 4, 4, 6 + a. Antenna (Figs. 8 G; 9 B) comprising coxa, allobasis, one-segmented Enp and two-segmented Exp. Coxa unornamented. Allobasis about 2.5 times as long as wide, not completely fused; with unipinnate seta on median margin. Exp- 1 with one unipinnate seta at inner corner distally. Exp- 2 with one robust bipinnate seta and one slender, bare seta apically. Enp as long as allobasis, with several spinules and two strong spines along outer distal margin; apical margin with seven elements: three bare and four geniculate setae; additionally, Enp bearing two thin setae inserted sub-apically. Mandible (Fig. 9 C) robust, with seven strong chitinized teeth, one unipinnate seta on gnathobase. Mandibular palp two-segmented; proximal segment with three setae unequal in length, inserted distally, additional short seta at base of distal segment; distal segment with two lateral setae and five apical setae, unequal in length. All mandibular palp setae thin and bare. Maxillule (Fig. 9 D) comprising robust praecoxa, coxa, basis, Enp and Exp. Praecoxal arthrite with seven strong spines (one unipinnate, remaining spines bare) and one bare, slender seta; two additional setae positioned laterally on praecoxal surface. Coxal endite with one bare and one pinnate seta. Basis with one unipinnate, claw-like seta, one bipinnate and five bare apical setae, unequal in length. Enp about 1.5 times as long as wide, with three bare setae apically, unequal in length. Exp small, with two bare setae apically. Maxilla (Fig. 9 E) two-segmented; syncoxa with three endites, two proximal endites with one unipinnate and one bare seta; distal endite with two unipinnate setae. Basis drawn into strong, claw-like expansion, unipinnate. Exp and Enp reduced to two bare setae each. Maxilliped (Figs. 8 I; 9 F) prehensile. Coxobasis with three unipinnate setae on median margin, with few strong spinules on anterior surface. Two-segmented Enp; Enp- 1 about 2.4 times as long as wide, with two bare setae and row of strong spinules along inner margin, row of setules on outer margin proximally. Enp- 2 smaller than Enp- 1, about twice as long as wide; with claw-like unipinnate spine and three bare setae apically. P 1 – P 4 with three-segmented Exp and Enp; P 2 – P 4 intercoxal sclerites with acute projections on distal margin. Armature formula of P 1 – P 4 as follows (legend: inner-outer seta / spine; inner-apical-outer; Arabic numerals represent setae, Roman numerals represent spines); distribution of spinules and hairs as shown in Fig. 10 A – D: P 1 (Fig. 10 A) Enp longer than Exp; Enp- 1 slightly shorter than Exp, about 5.5 times as long as wide, with one slender, bare seta inserted on 3 / 4 length of inner margin; Enp- 2 as long as wide; Enp- 3 about twice as long as wide, with short bare seta on inner margin inserted subapically, one geniculate and one unipinnate seta on apical margin. Exp- 1 - 2 with one spine on outer margin distally. Exp- 3 with one spine on outer margin inserted subapically, two geniculate and one spiniform seta on apical margin. P 2 (Fig. 10 B) Enp as long as Exp. Enp- 2 with unipinnate seta in distal half on inner margin. Enp- 3 with unipinnate seta in distal half on inner margin, two normal setae apically, subequal in length, longest one slightly longer than Enp. Exp- 1 - 2 each with one spine on outer margin distally, as long as segment. Exp- 3 with two setae and one spine apically; both setae as long as Exp; outer margin with spine inserted subapically. P 3 (Fig. 10 C) Enp slightly shorter than Exp. Exp with armature similar to P 2. Enp- 1 - 3 each with one long plumose seta on inner margin inserted distally. Enp- 3 with two plumose setae and one unipinnate spine apically, both setae subequal in length, longest seta longer than Enp. P 4 (Fig. 10 D) with armature similar to P 3 except Enp- 3 without plumose seta on inner margin. P 5 (Fig. 10 E) Exp and baseoendopod well separated. Seta on outer margin of baseoendopod long, thin, bare. Baseoendopod slightly shorter than Exp, with four long, strong spiniform setae; second outer seta (III) the longest, followed by second inner one (II), innermost seta (I) and outermost seta (IV); middle margin of baseoendopod with row of spinules. Exp small, subquadrangular, with five elements: second inner seta (II) the longest, about four times as long as segment, robust, bipinnate; innermost seta (I) spiniform, slightly longer than segment. Setae on outer margin bare, unequal in length. P 6 (Fig. 7 C, E) reduced to simple plate, located near the base of copulatory tube, with one small bipinnate seta on outer side and one long bare seta on inner side. Outer seta about three times shorter than inner one. Females (Figs. 7 A; 8 D) with two egg sacs, each containing three large eggs (n = 5). Description of male (Figs. 8 J; 11 A). Slightly smaller than female; body length measured from anterior margin of rostrum to posterior margin of caudal rami: 470 – 530 µm (mean = 510 µm, n = 5). Habitus and ornamentation similar to female except number of urosomites (six compared with five in female), sexual dimorphism expressed in antennules, and caudal rami without long hairs on inner margin and lacking swollen region on inner apical seta (V) (Figs. 8 L; 11 C). Antennule (Figs. 8 M; 11 D) eight-segmented, with minor geniculation between fifth and sixth segments. Aesthetascs on segments four and eight as in female. Setal formula: 1, 7, 8, 6 + a, 1 + 3 s, 1, 4, 6 + a. P 1 (Fig. 10 F) as in female, except basis with spine on inner margin transformed into finger-like process. P 2 (Fig. 10 G) as in female except morphology and armature of Enp- 2 - 3: Enp- 2 with inner margin shaped into rounded lobe, with bare seta distally; outer distal part of segment produced into long apophysis. Enp- 3 very small, slightly longer than wide, with two thin, bare equally long setae apically, accompanied by long unipinnate seta, twice as long as bare setae; unipinnate seta inserted subapically. P 3 (Fig. 10 H) as in female except armature of inner margin of Exp- 3: seta transformed into acute spine inserted on posterior surface of the segment near the inner margin, closely adpressed to segment, not reaching distal margin of Exp- 3. P 4 (Fig. 10 I) as in female. P 5 (Fig. 10 J) Exp and baseoendopod well separated. Seta on outer margin of baseoendopod long, thin, bare. Baseoendopod slightly shorter than Exp, with two subequal spiniform setae, secondary setae limited to distal section of the armature. Exp as in female. P 6 (Fig. 11 B, E) represented by simple unarmed bilobate plate. Variability. Besides the differences in length among females and males, the only morphological variability was observed in one of the five examined male specimens showing a P 6 which bears two tiny spinules on one side of the plate (Fig. 11 E).	en	Watiroyram, Santi, Sanoamuang, La-Orsri, Brancelj, Anton (2021): New species of Elaphoidella Chappuis, 1929 and Schizopera Sars, 1905 (Copepoda Harpacticoida) from two caves in northeastern and southern Thailand. Zootaxa 5051 (1): 550-569, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5051.1.22
