identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
039787E10505FFF1D571FB869A75E720.text	039787E10505FFF1D571FB869A75E720.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gammarus koshovi (Bazikalova 1946)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Gammarus koshovi (Bazikalova, 1946)</p>
            <p>Figs 2–5</p>
            <p> Rivulogammarus koshovi Bazikalova, 1946: 677 , text-fig. (original description). </p>
            <p> Rivulogammarus koshovi – Barnard 1958: 72. — Karaman 1991: 41. </p>
            <p> Gammarus koshovi – Barnard &amp; Barnard 1983: 467. — Erbaeva et al. 1990: 56. — Kozhova et al. 2000: 104. — Safronov 2006: 210. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis (both sexes)</p>
            <p>Compact, small-sized amphipod with well-developed eyes; coxal plates spacious (especially coxae 4 and 5); appendages comparatively short; antennae short and stout; peduncle articles 1–3 of antenna I comprise 33% of its total length, accessory flagellum 2-segmented with terminal article greatly reduced; antenna II with rare long setae on ventral face, males with calceoli; pereopods III and IV with clusters of setae on articles 4–6 posteriorly, carpi shortened; pereopod dactyli III–VII strong; uropod III endopodite somewhat shorter than exopodite, all margins with mix of setae of different length. BL = 8.0 mm (♀♀), 7.5 mm (♂♂).</p>
            <p>Material examined (new records)</p>
            <p>
                  RUSSIA –  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 94.99819/lat 50.045166)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=94.99819&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.045166">Tuva Republic</a>
                 • 2 ♀♀ (BL = ca 8.0 mm);  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 94.99819/lat 50.045166)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=94.99819&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.045166">Tore-Khol Lake</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 94.99819/lat 50.045166)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=94.99819&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.045166">isthmus</a>
                 ; 50°02′42.6″ N, 94°59′53.5″ E; 6 m depth; 24 Jun. 2013; E.N. Yalysheva leg.; silted sand; DAS 16-013  •  2 juv. (BL = ca 5.0 mm); near Tore-Khol Lake, not far from recreation center; 50°06′02.4″ N, 95°08′50.5″ E; 7–8 m depth; 14 Aug. 2011, 27 Jun. 2015; E.N. Yalysheva leg.; silt; DAS 16-013 •   1 ♂ (BL = ca 7.5 mm);  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 95.05789/lat 50.025723)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=95.05789&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.025723">Sharlaa</a>
                 ; 50°01′32.6″ N, 95°03′28.4″ E; 3 m depth; 13 Aug. 2011; E.N. Yalysheva leg.; silted sand; DAS 16-013  •  1 ♀ (BL = ca 8.0 mm); same collection data as for preceding; DAS 16-013 •  2 juv. (BL = ca 5.0 mm); same collection data as for preceding; DAS 16-013 •   1 ♀ (BL = ca 8.0 mm, damaged); site  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 95.14403/lat 50.079056)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=95.14403&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.079056">Yurty</a>
                 ; 50°04′44.6″ N, 95°08′38.5″ E; 2 m depth; 28 Jun. 2015; E.N. Yalysheva leg.; silted sand; DAS 16-013  . 
            </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p>Female</p>
            <p>SIZE. BL = 8.0 mm (oostegites developed, setose, bearing 13–15 small-sized eggs).</p>
            <p>GENERAL BODY MORPHOLOGY (Figs 2A, 3A, 4G, 5A–B). Body stout, clearly setose with minute setules. Head with inferior antennal sinus moderate, subrounded, eyes pigmented. Pleon armed with dorsal setae. Coxal plates I–IV broad, lateral margins strongly overlap neighboring plates, distal margins rounded, with 2 short setae each, coxae II–III tapering distally, coxa IV lobate; coxal plates V–VII broad (especially, plate V). Coxal gills II–VII stalked and saccular, coxal gill VII smallest. Oostegites II–V (brood plates) of gammarid shape, well developed, oblong, plates II–IV broad, plate V the smallest. Posterior margin of epimeral plates I and II convex, not produced, with 3 setules each, distoposterior corner of plate I small, slightly produced, ventral margin with cluster of setae distoanteriorly; distoposterior corner of plate II strongly produced, with 4 long setae distoanteriorly; plate III strongly produced, but less than plate II, only with 2 spines on ventral margin and 3 long setae distoanteriorly. Urosomites with mediodorsal elevations, armed with groups of 2 spines and 1–3 setae, spine formula I–III is: 2–2–2 // 2–2–2 // 2–0–2. Telson shorter than uropod III peduncle; its width 88% of length, completely cleft, lobes apically with 2–3 notched spines accompanied by 3 long setae, laterally 1 spine or seta.</p>
            <p>ANTENNAE (Figs 2A, 3B–C). Antenna I 40% of body length, peduncle articles in relation 1:0.6:0.35, flagellum of 17 articles, which are approximately twice as long as wide; accessory flagellum of 2 articles (1 long + 1 reduced); peduncle articles with short setae on ventral face and apically, articles of main flagellum with short setae, each flagellar article bearing minute aesthetasc, shorter than setae. Antenna II 67% of antenna I length, peduncle articles (4–5) slightly longer than flagellum; peduncle articles 4–5 bearing rare long setae on ventral face and short setae in 10 clusters along their entire lengths; flagellum modestly equipped with short setae, no calceoli.</p>
            <p>MOUTH PARTS (typical gammarid, Fig. 3D–K). Mandibular palp with article 2 the longest, with 9 stiff setae, article 3 bearing 3 A-setae, 3 B-setae, 16 D-setae and 4 E-setae. Maxilla I asymmetric, palps broad, apically with ca 5 or 6 strong spines accompanied by thin setae; outer lobe with 12 subequal pectinate spines with ca 6 denticles each. Maxilla II inner plate with oblique row of 30 plumose setae on inner margin. Maxilliped basal endite (= inner plate) with 3 simple strong cuspidate spines on distal margin (+1 spine located subdistally); rest without peculiarities.</p>
            <p>GNATHOPODS (Fig. 2B–C). Gnathopod I basis stout with long simple setae on anterior and posterior margins; carpus (article 5) triangular, 0.7× as long as propodus; propodus ovate, palm oblique, straight with cutting margin developed (no spines on medial face) and armed with 4 distally notched spines at defining angle; posterior margin as long as palm, bearing 4 sets of moderate setae; dactylus with 1 seta on outer face. Gnathopod II larger than gnathopod I; basis stout with long simple setae on anterior and posterior margins; carpus (article 5) 0.73 × as long as propodus; propodus narrow, subrectangular, palm subtransverse, slightly concave, with cutting margin developed (spines on medial face lacking) and armed with 2 distally notched spines at defining angle; posterior margin twice as long as palm with ca 5 sets of setae; dactylus similar to that of gnathopod I.</p>
            <p>PEREOPODS (Fig. 4A–E). Pereopods III–IV subsimilar, but pereopod III densely covered with sets of moderate (as long as article widths) setae along posterior margins of articles 4–6; carpi (articles 5) reduced, about 0.6 × as long as corresponding propodus, each with 1 set of very long setae apically. Pereopods V– VII strong, subsimilar, pereopod VI as long as pereopod VII; basipodites shortened, besides basipodite VII</p>
            <p>with convex posterior margins, tapering distally, with 3 small spines and a tuft of setae along anterior and over 9 small setae along posterior margin; articles 4–5 with 4 or 5 pairs of paired spines along margins; dactylus ca 35% of propodus (article 6) length, with a short nail.</p>
            <p>PLEOPODS AND UROPODS (Fig. 5C–H). Pleopods ordinary, rami subequal in length, segmented with 12–14 articles and fringed with plumose setae; peduncle with groups of thin setae, each retinacula two-hooked, accompanied by 1–2 slender simple stiff setae. Uropods I–II peduncles approximately reaching the end of uropod III peduncle, uropod I rami slightly beyond end of uropod III; peduncles with ca 4 or 6 spines along edges, uropod I with 1 basofacial spine, with 1 or 2 single spines along rami, with 3 apical and 2 subapical spines. Uropod III peduncle with 1 facial spine and 4 stiff setae and ca 8 weak spine-setae on apical margin; endopodite (= inner ramus) comprises 90% of exopodite (= outer ramus) length, with cluster of 1 spine and very long setae apically; terminal article of exopodite long, with tuft of short setae apically; both rami with moderately dense marginal brushes with mix of relatively long simple and plumose setae.</p>
            <p>Male Single, apparently subadult male, with habitus smaller (BL = 7.5 mm) and more slender; flagellum of antenna II with 10 articles, each with calceoli of gammarid type (type 1) (Lincoln &amp; Hurley 1981);</p>
            <p>gnathopods subsimilar to those of female, but propodi heavily armed at defining angle, each palm bearing 1 mid-palmar spine; uropod III weakly fringed with setae; in all other characters similar to female.</p>
            <p>Variation</p>
            <p>Not observed.</p>
            <p>Taxonomic remarks</p>
            <p> The enigmatic  G. koshovi (Bazikalova, 1946) was collected in Lake Khubsugul of northeastern Mongolia (Fig. 1) and was reported in several previous publications (see Erbaeva et al. 1990; Safronov 2006; Dulmaa 2009), which has now necessitated a comparative study of this species with that in the remote Tore-Khol population of the Uvs Nuur Basin.  Gammarus koshovi from Khubsugul was described rather superficially; a holotype was not deposited, which complicates detailed comparison. Furthermore, actual sampling of the Khubsugulian gammarids was not possible for correct comparisons.Although the original  G. koshovi vs that in the Tore-Khol population exhibit differences, their pattern and variability are not clear (Table 1). Nevertheless, we consider these two forms to be closely related and belonging to the same lineage and united by the following: common fossorial morphotype (compact body, abbreviated antennae, spacious coxal plates, and strong, short pereopods with robust dactyli), presence of calceoli in antenna II of males, armament and gnathopod shape in both sexes, armament of urosomal segments, furnishing of pereopods, uropods, and telson. Bazikalova (1946) ignored the morphology of the carpi of pereopods III and IV. Additionally, her indication that antenna I comprised 25% of the entire body length with the number of articles 11–12 (♂♂) and 8–12 (♀♀) for 7–8 mm long specimens is doubtful. It should be noted that  G. koshovi is related to  Gammarus sp. in Gurjanova (1930) described from Yenisey’s riffle (downstream of Krasnoyarsk) based on several juvenile specimens with well-developed marsupial plates. Gurjanova (1930) compared the Yenisey form with juveniles of  G. pulex (=  G. lacustris G.O. Sars, 1863 ) from Karelia and the Polar Urals (see also Kessler 1868) and found them sharply different. Among the Central Asian members of  Gammarus (Martynov 1935) , the Tuvan-Mongolian  G. koshovi , because of its small size, gravitates to a poorly distinguishable species from the springs of Turkestan, but the forms described by Martynov, despite their small size, still possess elongated antennae and not shortened pereopods, and are clearly distinguishable by their reduced eyes (see also  Gammarus parvioculatus Sidorov, Hou &amp; Sket, 2018 in Sidorov et al. 2018: 445). Furthermore, there is no close similarity with species of the highly diversified Altay and Tian-Shan group of  Gammarus (Zhao et al. 2017; Zheng et al. 2020). This indicates that the territory of Siberia/ Mongolia, possibly the basin of the middle Yenisey, is inhabited by a small burrower-like form of  Gammarus , the origin and phylogenetic relationships of which are unresolved. </p>
            <p>Accompanying fauna</p>
            <p> Mollusca, Ostracoda (subfossil, represented by separate valves),  Coleoptera , larvae of  Chironomidae and Ephemeroptera. </p>
            <p>Distribution and ecology</p>
            <p>Previously recorded from the area of Pupok Island in Khubsugul Lake (Fig. 1), a burrower-like gammarid form that dwells on silty sand at a depth of 15–16 m (Bazikalova 1946). Details of its biology in Khubsugul are lacking (Dulmaa 2009), but for Bazikalova to rely on the ʻburrowing morphotypeʼ implies its fossorial behavior. We have no direct observations of the burrowing behavior of the species, except that the samples were collected by bottom grabs in the Tore-Khol on muddy bald patches devoid of vegetation.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039787E10505FFF1D571FB869A75E720	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sidorov, Dmitry;Yalysheva, Elena;Sharyi-Ool, Mariana	Sidorov, Dmitry, Yalysheva, Elena, Sharyi-Ool, Mariana (2021): Morphology and zoogeography of the burrower-like gammarid Gammarus koshovi (Bazikalova, 1946) (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Gammaridae) - An overlooked and poorly known species in the Siberian fauna. European Journal of Taxonomy 774: 178-199, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.774.1541, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.774.1541
039787E1050AFFF6D57CFBA29D95E06C.text	039787E1050AFFF6D57CFBA29D95E06C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gammarus lacustris G. O. Sars 1863	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Gammarus lacustris G.O. Sars, 1863</p>
            <p> Gammarus lacustris G.O. Sars, 1863: 207 (original description). </p>
            <p> Gammarus pulex sibiricus – Kiseleva 1920: 15 (lakes of Ob’ basin). </p>
            <p> Gammarus pulex – Sars 1901: 133 (NE Mongolia); 1903: 233–261 (Siberia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Tibet). — Pirozhnikov 1929: 70 (Yenisey, upstream of Krasnoyarsk). — Lepneva 1930: 135 (around Biysk); 1933: 151 (Altay lakes). — Karaman 1991: 38 (see for full synonymy). </p>
            <p>Material examined (new records)</p>
            <p>
                  RUSSIA –  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 94.54225/lat 50.224834)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=94.54225&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.224834">Tuva Republic</a>
                 • 3 ♀♀ (oostegites developed, some brooding the eggs), 15 ♂♂ (BL = up to 14.0 mm);  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 94.54225/lat 50.224834)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=94.54225&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.224834">small freshwater lake</a>
                 , southward of Shara-Nur Lake, near shepherd’s camp; 50°13′29.4″ N, 94°32′32.1″ E; 2–5 m depth; 12 Aug. 2011; E.N. Yalysheva leg.; yellowish silt, sapropelic mud with smell of hydrogen sulfide, plant residues (  Phragmites australis ); DAS 16-014  •   1 ♀ (BL = 17.0 mm); ‘ Dashtyg’ taiga lake, upper reaches of Yenisey (source of Dashtyg-Aryg Stream),  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 96.86464/lat 53.420055)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=96.86464&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=53.420055">Todzha</a>
                 ; 53°25′12.2″ N, 96°51′52.7″ E; 0.5 m depth; 4 Aug. 2010; E.N. Yalysheva leg.; middle of lake, boulders, rubble, fouling, depressions between stones slightly silted; DAS 16-015  . 
            </p>
            <p>Remarks</p>
            <p> Considering the outstanding morphogenetic polymorphism (Sket et al. 2019) and the very wide distribution of Holarctic/Sino-Indian  G. lacustris in the water bodies of Siberia (Tuva) and Mongolia (Fig. 1), it is highly probable that juveniles of this species can be misidentified as small species, such as  G. koshovi . However,  G. lacustris was absent in our samples from Tore-Khol, which we associated, first of all, with partial acidification of waters in the Russian part owing to the increased anthropogenic pressure because of intensive grazing, fishing, and other economic activities. It was previously reported that  G. lacustris critically avoids water environments with pH &lt;5 (Moiseenko &amp; Yakovlev 1990). However, the exact reasons for this observation remain to be solved. </p>
            <p>Distribution and ecology</p>
            <p> Mostly inhabits the pluvial lakes of the region (Fig. 1), though it is also observed in lakes of the Baikal Rift Zone (previous indications in Baikal are accidental, in Stom &amp; Timofeev 1999; but see Vereshchagina et al. 2021). Kamaltynov (2009) reported the following data: common at depths of 0–7 m, on pebbles with sand and detritus, silted sand, flooded woods, remains of vegetation, and abundant in aquatic plant thickets. Inhabits thermal springs with temperatures up to 23°С and mineralization up to 340.5 mg /L. Inhabits small lakes and rivers of the Baikal basin, in the Baikal and Transbaikal regions (including the Irkutsk and Bratsk reservoirs), adjoining water bodies of the Yenisey and Ob’, lakes in the Vilyui region of Yakutiya, lakes in the interfluve of the Lena and Aldan rivers, Bauntovskye lakes, lakes in Mongolia (Khubsugul and Selenga basin, lakes and streams of Darhat Valley, Uvs Nuur Basin, Great Lakes Depression, and Valley of Lakes) (Dybowsky 1901; Sars 1901; Greze &amp; Greze 1958; Bezmaternykh 2008; Kamaltynov 2009; Østbye et al. 2018; Tolomeev et al. 2018). Paul (2012) indicated that  G. lacustris inhabits the Mongolian part of Tore-Khol Lake. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039787E1050AFFF6D57CFBA29D95E06C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sidorov, Dmitry;Yalysheva, Elena;Sharyi-Ool, Mariana	Sidorov, Dmitry, Yalysheva, Elena, Sharyi-Ool, Mariana (2021): Morphology and zoogeography of the burrower-like gammarid Gammarus koshovi (Bazikalova, 1946) (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Gammaridae) - An overlooked and poorly known species in the Siberian fauna. European Journal of Taxonomy 774: 178-199, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.774.1541, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.774.1541
039787E1050DFFF6D7FCFC799A0BE4D2.text	039787E1050DFFF6D7FCFC799A0BE4D2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gammarus (Martynov 1935)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Key to the Siberian species of  Gammarus (based on adults of both sexes) </p>
            <p> Gammarus barnaulensis Schellenberg, 1937 is not included in the key as the original description does not provide appropriate morphological features. </p>
            <p>1. Body and appendages ordinary, length more than 8.0 mm ............................................................... 2</p>
            <p>– Body compact, appendages shortened, length up to 8.0 mm (burrowing group *) .......................... 9</p>
            <p> 2. Species with dense setation on pereopods III–IV and uropod III (  pulex group) .............................. 3 </p>
            <p>– Species with poorly setose pereopods III–IV and uropod III (balcanicus group) ............................ 8</p>
            <p>3. Pereopod dactyli long, slender .......................................................................................................... 4</p>
            <p>– Pereopod dactyli short, stout ............................................................................................................. 5</p>
            <p> 4. Urosomal segments moderately armed ..................................................  G. lacustris G.O. Sars, 1863</p>
            <p> – Urosomal segments richly armed ...............................................................  G. hanhi Safronov, 2006</p>
            <p>5. Uropod III endopodite inner face with setae .................................................................................... 6</p>
            <p> – Uropod III endopodite inner face naked ...........................................  G. teletzkensis Martynov, 1930</p>
            <p>6. Epimeral plates II–III, ventral margins without setae, with spines .................................................. 7</p>
            <p> – Epimeral plates II–III, ventral margins with a row of long setae ........  G. angulatus Martynov, 1930</p>
            <p> 7. Antenna I slightly more than half of body length ..............................  G. korbuensis Martynov, 1930</p>
            <p> – Antenna I distinctly less than half of body length .......  G. dabanus Tachteev &amp; Mekhanikova, 2000</p>
            <p> 8. Antenna I, main flagellum up to 28 articles .......................................  G. angustatus Martynov, 1930</p>
            <p> – Antenna I, main flagellum with 34–35 articles ..................................  G. pellucidus Gurjanova, 1930</p>
            <p> 9. Telson, lobes apically with 4 spines ...................................................  G. koshovi (Bazikalova, 1946)</p>
            <p> – Telson, lobes apically with 1 or 2 spines ...................................  Gammarus sp. in Gurjanova (1930) </p>
            <p> * Conventionally proposed group to which we additionally assign  Gammarus sp. in Gurjanova (1930). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039787E1050DFFF6D7FCFC799A0BE4D2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sidorov, Dmitry;Yalysheva, Elena;Sharyi-Ool, Mariana	Sidorov, Dmitry, Yalysheva, Elena, Sharyi-Ool, Mariana (2021): Morphology and zoogeography of the burrower-like gammarid Gammarus koshovi (Bazikalova, 1946) (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Gammaridae) - An overlooked and poorly known species in the Siberian fauna. European Journal of Taxonomy 774: 178-199, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.774.1541, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.774.1541
