taxonID	type	description	language	source
03D48798FFA2347454FB1EDCEA90FE9C.taxon	type_taxon	(Type species H. postalbida Viidalepp, 1988)	en	Viidalepp, Jaan, Kostjuk, Igor (2021): Taxonomic notes on two endemic geometrine genera from Middle Asia (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 5052 (1): 137-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5052.1.9
03D48798FFA2347454FB1EDCEA90FE9C.taxon	materials_examined	Material: The type series, 4 ♂, Tajikistan, Hissar Range, south slope, Kondara valley, 1100 m, 25.5 – 28.5. 1978, Metsaviir & Viidalepp leg. (gen. pr. 1722); 1 ♀, the same locality but 16.05.1974, Prasolov leg.; 1 ♂, the same locality but 24.05.1980, I. Pljushtch leg. (IZBE). Additional material: 1 ♀, Tajikistan, Hissar Range, Kondara valley, 1100 m, at light, 20.05. 1980, I. Pljushtch leg. (gen. pr. 656); 1 ♀, the same locality but 24.05.1980, I. Pljushtch leg. (gen. pr. 638); 1 ♂, the same locality but 24.05.1988, Z. Kljuchko leg. (gen. pr. 639) (ZMKU).	en	Viidalepp, Jaan, Kostjuk, Igor (2021): Taxonomic notes on two endemic geometrine genera from Middle Asia (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 5052 (1): 137-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5052.1.9
03D48798FFA2347454FB1EDCEA90FE9C.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis: Bluish – green forewings contrasting with whitish hindwings, absence of antemedial fascia on forewing and presence of large flat medial harpe distinguish Hissarica from other Eurasian geometrine genera. Further characteristics are given in the description of the type species. Differences from the related genera Xenochlorodes and Hierochthonia are listed below.	en	Viidalepp, Jaan, Kostjuk, Igor (2021): Taxonomic notes on two endemic geometrine genera from Middle Asia (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 5052 (1): 137-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5052.1.9
03D48798FFA1347454FB1900EC0DFC3E.taxon	description	Description of Hissarica postalbida. Wingspan 24 – 25 mm (Figs 1, 2). Frons smooth, brown. Male antennae pectinate (Fig. 17), rami up to 0.43 mm long; rami shorter in female. Palpi shorter than diameter of eye in male, longer, reaching frons in female. Haustellum vestigial. Forewing venation: R 1 from near to discal cell apex, fuses with Sc and R 2, creating subcostal and radial accessory cells; R 2 – M 1 stalked from cell apex, R 2 diverges after M 1, anastomoses with R 1 and reaches costa. Veins M 3 and CuA 1 separate. Hindwing with frenulum lacking, Sc free, M 2 tubular, Rs and M 1 stalked, lower discocellular incurved, M 3 separate. Hindtibia slender, with distal pair of spurs, without a hair pencil and without sexual differences. Forewing vivid blue-green, a white fascia slanting from near 4 / 5 of costa to near 2 / 3 of hindmargin. Hindwing white, with yellowish tint. Forewing costal edge is lined brownish yellow; the blue pigment fades in sunlight. Male genitalia (Fig. 14): Uncus hooked, socii small, visible from lateral view, gnathos looped. Valva broad with flat, folded medial harpe, ventral margin angulate at middle, saccus rounded, longish. Juxta a plate between sacculi, laterally connected to the broad plate of transtilla: the anellar complex present. Aedeagus (phallus) slender, tubular, with small cornuti and external sclerotization. Sternite A 8 posterior edge convex. Female genitalia (Fig. 15) membranous, antrum small, ductus bursae membraneous, longer than corpus bursae, signum as irregular trapezoid plate with a long dark stripe of unclear function (Fig. 15 a) (a mutation in this population).	en	Viidalepp, Jaan, Kostjuk, Igor (2021): Taxonomic notes on two endemic geometrine genera from Middle Asia (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 5052 (1): 137-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5052.1.9
03D48798FFA0347554FB1D3BEC03F838.taxon	discussion	Prout diagnosed the genus Hierochthonia (Type species: Microloxia pulverata Warren, 1901) using external characters as antennae bipectinate up to the last apical segments; hindwing with the subcostal vein fused with the fore margin of the discal cell near to its end; hindtibia provided with one pair of spurs (Prout 1912: 204). Hausmann (1996) redescribed the genus Hierochthonia using H. pulverata Warren and H. semitaria Püngeler. Comparison of the characteristics of H. alexandraria (also Figs 9 – 11, 23) with those of southern species (Figs 7, 8, 22) indicates the following differences. Both Hierochthonia- - H. pulverata and H. semitaria- - possess long, flat postvaginal lamellae and roundish lateral sclerites attached to the ostium in female genitalia (Hausmann 1996, Figs 144, 145). These structures are missing in “ H. ” alexandraria and “ H. ” petitaria females (Figs 24, 25). The valva in male genitalia of typical Hierochthonia has a medial harpe (Figs 22), and aedeagus is spoon shaped (distally dilated) with a complex apical sclerotization. However, “ H. ” alexandraria has a tubular aedeagus with two thorn shaped cornuti on the vesica, and a simple valva (Fig. 23). Prout (1912) stressed the peculiar venation of hindwing with Sc free when characterizing “ Hierochthonia ” alexandraria. We use this synergy of differences in wing venation and in male and female genitalia characteristics to separate “ H. ” alexandraria in a new genus of its own, Ratsa Viidalepp & Kostjuk, gen. nov. will be described below for this species.	en	Viidalepp, Jaan, Kostjuk, Igor (2021): Taxonomic notes on two endemic geometrine genera from Middle Asia (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 5052 (1): 137-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5052.1.9
03D48798FFA0347554FB18F3ECA6FCDC.taxon	description	The fusion of hindwing vein Sc to the foremargin of the discal cell, the fusion of forewing vein R 1 into Sc and the presence of one pair of spurs on the hindtibia are stressed in the first descriptions of Xenochlorodes (Warren 1897; Prout 1912). The delimiting characters of Xenochlorodes in comparison with Hissarica and Hierochthonia include the emarginate saccus in the type species (Fig. 16) as in Thetidia Boisduval, 1840 and allied genera, the bilobed last sternite of the male abdomen, and the valva which is emarginate between the sacculus tip and valvula. Forewing vein R 1 arises from a common stalk with veins R 2 – 5. However, Xenochlorodes nubigena Wollaston, 1858 has a rectangular saccus (Fischer & Ivinskis 2007). A sclerotized anellar complex is present in some Xenochlorodes (Fig. 16), shared by the species of Hierochthonia (incl. “ H. ” alexandraria, Fig. 23 d) and Hissarica (Fig. 14). Morphological difference of Xenochlorodes olympiaria compared to Hissarica and Hierochthonia is striking in wing shape and genitalia (coremata present, saccus bilobate, the last sternite bilobed in male). The hypothesis of Xenochlorodes subgenus Hissarica (Hausmann 1996, 2001) is rejected.	en	Viidalepp, Jaan, Kostjuk, Igor (2021): Taxonomic notes on two endemic geometrine genera from Middle Asia (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 5052 (1): 137-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5052.1.9
03D48798FFA0347554FB18F3ECA6FCDC.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied: Xenochlorodes olympiaria: 1 ♂, Spain, Fuerteventura Island, R. Viidalepp leg. (IZBE); 1 ♂, Dalmatia, Gravosa (gen. pr. 660); 1 ♂, Syria (gen. pr. 661); 1 ♂, Alpes Maritimes, Cannes, VI, Ch. Gerings (ZMKU); 1 ♂, Dalmatia, Gravosa, IX. 1924 Schwingenschuss; 1 ♀, Griechenöand, Parnassos Oros, Umg. Delphi, 31.5. – 8.6.1976, 500 – 700 m, G. Baisch (SMNK); Hierochthonia pulverata: 1 ♂, Syria, e coll. Trussevitsh (gen. pr. 662); 1 ♀, Syria, Stgr. et B. - H. (ZMKU); Xenochlorodes? albicostaria (digital photos of syntypes and their genitalia): 1 ♂ ♀, Iran Fars, Strasse Ardekan – Talochosroe, Comèe, ca. 2600 m, 30. VI. 1937, coll. Brandt; gen. pr. 11051, 11052 (NHRS). New data about “ Phorodesma graminaria Kollar ” will be published by Dominic Wanke.	en	Viidalepp, Jaan, Kostjuk, Igor (2021): Taxonomic notes on two endemic geometrine genera from Middle Asia (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 5052 (1): 137-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5052.1.9
03D48798FFA0347554FB1BCBE9C3FA8F.taxon	discussion	The features of southern Central Asian Hierochthonia species (H. pulverata Warren, 1901) (Fig. 22) and H. semitaria (Püngeler, 1902 )) stressed by Hausmann (1996) are missing in Middle Asian species “ H. ” alexandraria, e. g. the long postvaginal sclerite in the female genitalia, or the spoon-shaped aedeagus with a complex apical ornamentation in the male (compare Figs 22 and 23). The characteristics of Hierochthonia alexandraria are reviewed below. The plate-shaped medial harpe (Fig. 14) and the signum with a long filiform ridge in Hissarica (Fig. 15) do not have morphological equivalents in southern species. Again, the long lamella postvaginalis and roundish dilations lateral to it figured by Hausmann (1996, Figs 144, 145) for southern Hierochthonia spp. are absent in Middle Asian species (Figs 24, 25).	en	Viidalepp, Jaan, Kostjuk, Igor (2021): Taxonomic notes on two endemic geometrine genera from Middle Asia (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 5052 (1): 137-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5052.1.9
03D48798FFA7347254FB1E01EB82F842.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Hierochthonia alexandraria Prout, 1912: 205. Type locality: „ Alexander Mountains ”, now The Kyrgyzskiy Range in the Tian-Shan mountains. Differential diagnosis: Both forewing and hindwing vivid green as in Hierochthonia and Xenochlorodes but without any white line except on fringe. Antennae bipectinate both in males and females of Ratsa alexandraria and R. petitaria but pectinations much shorter than in X. albicostaria. Venation (Fig. 20): Forewing R 1 anastomosing with Sc and then confluent with R 2; R 2 – M 1 stalked; discal vein angulate, thin, M 3 free. Hindwing with Sc free (Fig. 20) (anastomosing with foremargin of discal cell in Hierochthonia and Xenochlorodes). Male genitalia differing from those of Hierochthonia in many features (compare Figs 22 and 23).	en	Viidalepp, Jaan, Kostjuk, Igor (2021): Taxonomic notes on two endemic geometrine genera from Middle Asia (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 5052 (1): 137-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5052.1.9
03D48798FFA6347054FB18F3E927FD4C.taxon	description	Description. Wingspan 23 – 28 mm (Figs 9 – 11). Frons flat, light brown. Male antennae pectinate in both sexes, rami about 0.4 mm long in male (Fig. 18 a) (about 2.5 times the length of antennomeres, ten apical segments dentate), rami shorter (two times the length of segments) in female (Fig. 18 b). Palpi very short. Frenulum absent both in male and female. Wings unicoloroured vivid green, the fringe is greenish in its basal third, and white distally. Venation of forewing: R 1 from foremargin of discal cell near its apex, fuses with Sc creating an accessory cell, sometimes ending in R 2; R 2 – M 1 stalked from cell apex. Discal vein thin, angled, M 2 from near the R 2 – M 1 stalk, tubular, veins M 3 and CuA 1 separate. Hindwing with Sc not connected to the foremargin of discal cell, discal vein slightly curved, thin, Rs and M 1 stalked, M 3 free. Hindtibia slender, with distal pair of spurs which are equal in size (Fig. 21); length ratio of female tibia and tarsus is 4: 5. Male genitalia with distinct anellar complex present (Figs 23), the large transtilla and smaller juxta connected by lateral bars. Uncus and gnathos strong, valva with a small tooth at its ventral margin, without harpe, saccus oval, longish. Aedeagus tubular, curved, as long as valva, with one long and one short cornutus on vesica (Fig. 23 b). Female genitalia (Fig. 24,) membranous, ductus bursae tubular, with a bend in the middle, as long as corpus bursae, signum a small transverse stripe with dentate tubercle.	en	Viidalepp, Jaan, Kostjuk, Igor (2021): Taxonomic notes on two endemic geometrine genera from Middle Asia (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 5052 (1): 137-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5052.1.9
03D48798FFA6347054FB18F3E927FD4C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♀ of alexandraria, Asia centr., Alexandergebirge (MfN); 2 ♂, Uzbekistan, Chimgan [Mt.], Jürivete leg. (slides 2446, 9096) (IZBE); 1 ♀, [Kyrgyzstan] Fergana sept., vallis fl. Padsha-ata, 1525 m, 29. V. 1908, V. V. Sovinskij leg.; 18 ♂ ♀, S Kazakhstan, Karatau range N Kentau, 600 m, at light, 19 – 22, 29. V. 1994, leg. I. Pljushtch & M. Nesterov (gen. prs. 643, 644, 645, 663); 1 ♂, Kazakhstan, Kyzylorda Region, SE Tasbaget, sands, at light, 122 m, 26. IV. 2013, leg. D. Shovkoon; 2 ♀, Kazakhstan, Kyzylorda Region, S Zhalagash, riv. Syr Darya, 111 m, at light, 6. V. 2013, leg. D. Shovkoon (gen. pr. 617); 2 ♂, Kazakhstan, 10 km SW Abay, Kelinshektau mts., 1024 m, 7. V. 2015, leg. D. Shovkoon (ZMKU).	en	Viidalepp, Jaan, Kostjuk, Igor (2021): Taxonomic notes on two endemic geometrine genera from Middle Asia (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 5052 (1): 137-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5052.1.9
03D48798FFA6347054FB18F3E927FD4C.taxon	discussion	Remark. “ Hierochthonia ” petitaria (Christoph, 1887) is tentatively associated with the new genus Ratsa due the obvious similarity in the shape and unicolorous wings, and of female genitalia structues in R. alexandraria and petitaria (Fig. 25), but this cannot be confirmed until male genitalic structures have been examined. R. petitaria female has an “ ochreous “ frons (according to Christoph (1889), antennae with very short pectinations (Fig. 19 a), green forewings, and slightly lighter hindwings, the fringe white on both wings and a signum missing in its bursa copulatrix. Female hindtibia and tarsus are equal in length (2 mm).	en	Viidalepp, Jaan, Kostjuk, Igor (2021): Taxonomic notes on two endemic geometrine genera from Middle Asia (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 5052 (1): 137-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5052.1.9
03D48798FFA6347054FB18F3E927FD4C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: “ Lectotypus ♀, Eucrostis petitaria Christ. Design. V. Mironov 2017 ”; [Turkmenistan] Askhabad (ZISP); 1 ♀, [Turkmenistan] prov. Transcaspica, st. Imam-Baba, lum., 6. V. 1908, V. V. Sovinskij leg. (gen. pr. 659) (ZMKU).	en	Viidalepp, Jaan, Kostjuk, Igor (2021): Taxonomic notes on two endemic geometrine genera from Middle Asia (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae). Zootaxa 5052 (1): 137-144, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5052.1.9
