identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03B187B7FF9DFFB289B3A41DFA7C5ACA.text	03B187B7FF9DFFB289B3A41DFA7C5ACA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eurynome Leach 1814	<div><p>Key to genera allied to Eurynome Leach, 1814</p> <p>1 Carapace longitudinally ovate; pseudorostral spines short; dorsal carapace surface covered with spines, granules or simple tubercles, never boletiform or forming plates............................................................... 2</p> <p>- Carapace distinctly pyriform; pseudorostral spines long; carapace covered with spines or simple tubercles, some of which are boletiform, sometimes forming large plates on gastric, cardiac and branchial regions............................... 4</p> <p>2 Hepatic lobe with 2 or 3 distinct spines; lateral branchial margin with 3 or 4 distinct spines.................... Majella</p> <p>- Hepatic lobe with lobiform process or tubercles, never spines; lateral branchial margin with rounded granules or short spines................................................................................................... 3</p> <p>3 Pseudorostral spines short; hepatic region with low tubercles and granules; lateral margin with tubercles and granules; ischium and merus of third maxilliped may be fused; adult male cheliped short or medium-length; G1 straight, slender................................................................................................... Choniognathus</p> <p>- Pseudorostral spines distinctly elongate; hepatic region with auriculiform lobe; lateral margin with short spines, some of which may be boletiform; ischium and merus of third maxilliped always free; adult male cheliped very long; G1 sinuous, relatively stout......................................................................................... Kasagia</p> <p>4 Carapace with small plates on gastric, cardiac and branchial regions; hepatic region with large auriculiform lobe; anterior margin of sternopleonal cavity with large plate on each side; G1 with a subterminal projection, hook-like....... Eurynome</p> <p>- Carapace with large plates on gastric, cardiac and branchial regions; hepatic region with sharp tooth and low boletiform tubercle; auriculiform lobe; anterior margin of male sternopleonal cavity with spines on each side; G1 slender, straight or sinuous............................................................................................... Seiitaoides</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B187B7FF9DFFB289B3A41DFA7C5ACA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Forges, Bertrand Richer De;Lee, Bee Yan;Ng, Peter K. L.	Forges, Bertrand Richer De, Lee, Bee Yan, Ng, Peter K. L. (2021): The taxonomy of spider crabs of the genera Eurynome, Choniognathus, Seiitaiodes and Kasagia (Crustacea: Brachyura: Majidae) from southwest Indian Ocean. Zootaxa 5048 (3): 301-333, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5048.3.1
03B187B7FF9EFFB189B3A1D5FAED5902.text	03B187B7FF9EFFB189B3A1D5FAED5902.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eurynome Leach 1814	<div><p>Genus Eurynome Leach, 1814</p> <p>Eurynome Leach, 1814: 431.— Monod, 1956: 32 (list), 480 (list).— Hartnoll, 1961: 172, 173.— Griffin, 1964: 196.— Griffin, 1966b: 42, 43.—Ingle. 1980: 48 (key), 136.— Griffin &amp; Tranter, 1986: 200 (key), 205.—Manning &amp; Holthuis, 1980: 253 (list), 311 (list).</p> <p>Type species. Cancer asper Pennant, 1777, by monotypy.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Carapace pyriform. Pseudorostral spines of various lengths, diverging with V-shaped cleft, dorsoventrally flattened, gently concave on both surfaces. Dorsal surface of carapace covered by small and large boletiform tubercles; some tubercles coalescent on gastric, cardiac, branchial and intestinal regions, forming small plates. Supraocular eave wide forming tooth on proximal part; narrow gap between supraocular eave and postocular spine, without visible intercalary spine. Hepatic region with triangular auriculiform lobe. Branchial region with strong, blunt spine; 1 epibranchial spine flattened, curved, directed upwards and posteriorly. Eye retracts deep into orbit. Basal antennal article triangular, basally large, forming lobe on proximal part of orbit. Epistome wider than long. External angles of buccal frame flattened, plate-like. Border of pterygostome with row of 3 or 4 large granules. Third maxilliped ischium not fused with merus. Anterior part of male thoracic sternum deeply depressed, with 4 large boletiform granules; anterior margin of sternopleonal cavity with large plate on each side. Cheliped long, surfaces covered with flattened granules, fingers short curved, gently granulated. Ambulatory legs short, upper border of meri carinate. G1 long, curved with a strong subterminal projection, hook-like, distal part densely setose. G2 short, without elongate distal segment.</p> <p>Remarks. The concept of Eurynome has changed substantially over the years, with many species previously ascribed to this taxon moved to other genera (see Griffin &amp; Tranter 1986; Richer de Forges &amp; Ng 2007). The genus as understood today is restricted to the eastern Atlantic, the Indian Ocean shores of South Africa, New Zealand and Samoa, with the following recognised species: E. aspera (Pennant, 1777) (= E. scutellata Risso, 1827; E. boletifera Costa, 1838, E. longimana Stimpson, 1857; E. aspera var. acuta A. Milne-Edwards &amp; Bouvier, 1900); E. bituberculata Griffin, 1964; E. erosa A. Milne-Edwards, 1873; E. parvirostris Forest &amp; Guinot, 1966; and E. spinosa Hailstone, 1835 (= E. tenuicornis Malm, 1861) (Ng et al. 2008; Ahyong 2008; present study).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B187B7FF9EFFB189B3A1D5FAED5902	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Forges, Bertrand Richer De;Lee, Bee Yan;Ng, Peter K. L.	Forges, Bertrand Richer De, Lee, Bee Yan, Ng, Peter K. L. (2021): The taxonomy of spider crabs of the genera Eurynome, Choniognathus, Seiitaiodes and Kasagia (Crustacea: Brachyura: Majidae) from southwest Indian Ocean. Zootaxa 5048 (3): 301-333, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5048.3.1
03B187B7FF9EFFB589B3A5F7FAEB5C94.text	03B187B7FF9EFFB589B3A5F7FAEB5C94.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eurynome longimana Stimpson 1857	<div><p>Eurynome longimana Stimpson, 1857</p> <p>(Figures 2, 3, 13A–F)</p> <p>Eurynome longimana Stimpson, 1857: 220.— Rathbun, 1893: 102, pl. 8 fig. 1.— Stimpson, 1907: 27, pl. 4 fig. 2.— Stebbing, 1910: 289.— Lenz, in Lenz &amp; Strunck, 1914: 275.— Capart, 1951: 87; Monod, 1956: 482.</p> <p>Eurynome aspera — Barnard, 1950: 56; fig. 12a–c (not Cancer asper Pennant, 1777).</p> <p>Material examined. 1 male (cl 8.5 mm, pcl 7.8 mm, cw 5.9 mm, bcw 5.8 mm) (ZRC 2020.378, ex MNHN-IU-2017-8792), 1 male (cl 5.9 mm, pcl 4.6 mm, cw 4.2 mm, bcw 3.2 mm), 1 female (cl 7.5 mm, pcl 6.3 mm, cw 5.8 mm, bcw 4.5 mm) (MNHN-IU-2017-8792), stn CC3150, Mozambique Channel, 1930’S 3646’E, 261–264 m, coll. MAINBAZA, 13 April 2009:</p> <p>Comparative material. Eurynome aspera (Pennant, 1777): 6 males (cl 18.1 mm, pcl 13.9 mm, cw 13.8 mm, bcw 10.3 mm; cl 15.7 mm, pcl 12.8 mm, cw 12.0 mm, bcw 9.1 mm; cl 14.7 mm 12.2 mm, cw 11.6 mm, cw 8.7 mm; cl 14.4 mm, pcl 11.5 mm, cw 10.7 mm, bcw 8.5 mm; cl 12.4 mm, pcl 11.6 mm, cw 11.5 mm, bcw 8.8 mm; cl 11.7 mm, pcl 9.3 mm, cw 8.9 mm, bcw 7.0 mm) (ZRC 1988.665 - 670), Rovinj, Croatia, Mediterranean, on sedimentary bottom, 25 m, coll. Z. Števčić, 30 July 1986.</p> <p>Type locality: The Cape of Good Hope</p> <p>Diagnosis. Pseudorostral spines short to long, outer margins; ventral surface concave (Figs. 2A, B, 3A, B). Supraocular eave with concave margin; postocular tooth forming cup in which eyes protected. Large hepatic tooth flattened, directed laterally outwards. Lateral border of carapace with 3 or 4 large boletiform granules. Gastric region with 3 larger granules, with rows of long hooked setae; lateral branchial region with 2 larger granule like-teeth; cardiac area with ring of flat granules around median larger one. Posterior border of carapace with 2 posteriorly directed teeth. Basal antennal article wide, with deep longitudinal groove (Fig. 3B). Buccal frame quadrangular; third maxilliped with merus clearly separated from ischium, ischium covered by numerous rounded granules, with longitudinal groove (Fig. 3D). Anterior part of male thoracic sternum depressed with prominent plates on margins of sternopleonal cavity surrounding telson (Fig. 2B). Male cheliped long, covered by large granules (Fig. 2A, D). Ambulatory legs relatively short with large granules only P2–4 meri, dorsal carina not continuous; dactylus proportionately shorter; carpi, propodi and dactyli covered by setae (Figs. 2A, 3C). G1 relatively shorter, gently curved, with large curved subdistal projection on interior border, hook-like (Fig. 13D–F).</p> <p>Remarks. Stimpson (1857: 220) described E. longimana from material collected from False Bay in the Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, but no figure was provided. Rathbun (1893: pl. 8 fig. 1) listed E. longimana in her catalogue but although she noted the USNM did not have specimens, she did provide a figure of the species. The figure is somewhat schematic and does not show the plates on the carapace or the tuberculation on the chelipeds clearly. Stimpson (1907: 27) figured the species again, noting that he had several specimens, the largest male being 11.9 by 8.6 mm, the largest female 9.9 mm in carapace length, all collected from 18 m in a rocky substrate among gorgonians. He described the fresh specimens as “dull red: feet whitish or variegated with pale red: eyes small black (Stimpson 1907: 27).</p> <p>Barnard (1950: 57) regarded E. aspera and E. longimana as synonymous, though he admitted he did not have comparative material from Europe. Capart (1951: 87) briefly discussed the identity of Barnard’s (1950) material and suggested that E. longimana may be distinct from E. aspera, a view which Monod (1956: 482) appear to share as he queried the presence of E. aspera in South Africa. Griffin (1974: 12), with material from Durban, discussed the matter of the two species again, arguing that the degree and pattern of the carapace tuberculation as well as setation of the G1 cannot discriminate between the two species, and continued regarding them as synonyms. He also noted that there is one extant type, a male syntype of E. longimana, c.l. 9.3 mm, from “ Cape Town, South Africa, North Pacific Exploring Expedition” in the collections of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge (Mass.), U.S.A. The specimen preserved in spirit bears the registration number R50 (Griffin 1974: 12).</p> <p>Comparisons of the material on hand of E. aspera from the Mediterranean and the European literature suggests that recognizing just one wide-ranging species is probably incorrect. While the structures of the carapace tubercles, pattern of tuberculation and shapes of the pseudorostrum are clearly unreliable characters and subject to variation, comparison of the present specimens from the Mozambique Channel with material from Croatia in the Mediterranean show five distinguishing features that suggest that we are dealing with a species complex here. The specimens from the Mediterranean have the outer surface of the ischium of the third maxilliped covered only with few large rounded granules, and are sometimes low in larger specimens (Fig. 4B, F); the ambulatory merus is proportionately longer with at least the distal half of the dorsal margin prominently carinate (Fig. 4A, D, E; Hartnoll 1961: fig. 1); the ambulatory dactylus is proportionately longer in E. aspera (Fig. 4D, E; Hartnoll 1961: fig. 1); the triangular plate adjacent to the rimmed tip of the sternopleonal cavity is broadly triangular (Fig. 4C; Hartnoll 1961: fig. 3a); and the main stem of the G1 structure (before the hook-like projection) is relatively more slender and longer (Hartnoll 1961: fig. 1; Richer de Forges &amp; Ng 2007: fig. 5A). This contrasts with the eastern African specimens, where the outer surface of the ischium of the third maxilliped is covered with numerous large rounded granules (Fig. 3D); the ambulatory merus is proportionately shorter with the dorsal carina not distinct and not present as a continuous plate (Figs. 2A, 3C); the ambulatory dactylus is proportionately shorter (Figs. 2A, 3C); the triangular plate adjacent to the rimmed tip of the sternopleonal cavity is acutely triangular (Fig. 2B); and the main stem of the G1 structure (before the hook-like projection) is relatively shorter (Fig. 13C–E). Noteworthy is that the E. longimana figures of Rathbun (1893) and Stimpson (1907: pl. 4 fig. 2) both depict a species closely resembling the present material, notably in the relatively short ambulatory legs. These observations suggest that E. longimana should be recognised as a distinct species, at least until all the extant material can be compared and reassessed. Eurynome aspera was described from Port Erin in the United Kingdom (the types are no longer extant, Hartnoll 1961: 171), and its three remaining synonyms will need to be reviewed when the necessary revision is made: E. scutellata (from Mediterranean); E. boletifera (from Mediterranean), and E. aspera var. acuta (from Cape Verde).</p> <p>The specimens of E. aspera from South Africa by Barnard (1950: 56, fig. 12a) from False Bay and Agulhas Bank differ slightly from the present material of E. longimana. In the present specimens, the pseudorostral spines are proportionately shorter and more flattened (Figs. 2A, 3A, B) (versus proportionately longer and less obviously dorsoventrally flattened; Fig. 13A; Barnard 1950: fig. 12a); the gastric, cardiac and branchial regions are more prominently raised and clearly demarcated (Fig. 2A) (versus less well delimited; Fig. 13A; Barnard 1950: fig. 12a); and the branchial area is raised and carries strong spines (one branchial and two epibranchial) (Fig. 2A) (versus with only small spines; Fig. 13A; Barnard 1950: fig. 12a). These differences do not appear significant and we treat them as variations of E. longimana for the time being. Their G1 structures are identical (Fig. 13C–E). The west African material from Dakar reported by Monod (1956: 481) appear to be closer to E. longimana as defined here. The proportions of the ambulatory legs and G1 structure (Monod 1956: 481, figs. 646, 647) certainly agree better with this species rather than E. aspera s. str.</p> <p>Several species previously thought to be widespread across Europe and the eastern Atlantic that are present in the Indian Ocean via South Africa have been shown to be separate taxa, for example: Maja cornuta (Fabricius, 1787) versus M. squinado (Herbst, 1788) (Majidae) (cf. Ng &amp; Richer de Forges 2015); Scyramathia carpenteri (Thomson, 1873) versus S. hertwigi Doflein, in Chun, 1904 (Epialtidae) (cf. Lee et al. 2020); and Goneplax rhomboides (Linnaeus, 1758) versus G. clevai Guinot &amp; Castro, 2007 (Goneplacidae) (cf. Guinot &amp; Castro 2007).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B187B7FF9EFFB589B3A5F7FAEB5C94	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Forges, Bertrand Richer De;Lee, Bee Yan;Ng, Peter K. L.	Forges, Bertrand Richer De, Lee, Bee Yan, Ng, Peter K. L. (2021): The taxonomy of spider crabs of the genera Eurynome, Choniognathus, Seiitaiodes and Kasagia (Crustacea: Brachyura: Majidae) from southwest Indian Ocean. Zootaxa 5048 (3): 301-333, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5048.3.1
03B187B7FF95FFB989B3A1D5FAC65FC8.text	03B187B7FF95FFB989B3A1D5FAC65FC8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Choniognathus Rathbun 1932	<div><p>Genus Choniognathus Rathbun, 1932</p> <p>Choniognathus Rathbun, 1932: 33.— Sakai, 1938: 267 (key), 272, 273.— Griffin &amp; Tranter, 1986: 200 (key), 201–203.</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype of Choniognathus koreensis Rathbun, 1932: female (cl 9.1 mm, pcl 8.3 mm, cw 6.0 mm, bcw 5.3 mm) (USNM 48204), stn 4879, Oki Shima, Korea, 3417’ N 13015 ’E, 108 m, fine gray sand, broken shells, coll. Albatross, 2 August 1906. Other material of Choniognathus koreensis Rathbun, 1932: 1 female (poor condition) (cl 9.1 mm, pcl 8.3 mm, cw 6.2 mm, bcw 5.3 mm) (KPM NH 0104599, part), Manazuru Town, Ashigarashimo District, Sagami Bay, Japan, coll. T. Sakai, 1962.—1 ovigerous female (cl 6.3 mm, pcl 6.0 mm, cw 4.0 mm, bcw 3.6 mm) (ZRC 2020.373), station T36, Cortes, Panglao, Bohol, Visayas, 123–135 m, 943.3’N 12348.8’E, Philippines, on mud, coll. PANGLAO 2004, 24 June 2004.</p> <p>Type species. Choniognathus koreensis Rathbun, 1932, by monotypy</p> <p>Diagnosis. Carapace and pereopod surfaces usually covered by dense short tomentum which completely obscures margins. Carapace longitudinally ovate, constricted behind hepatic regions. Regions clearly demarcated, raised; surface covered by many small tubercles, granules and/or short spines. Pseudorostrum short, usually with wide U-shaped cleft. Supraorbital eave wide curved, preorbital spine formed by proximal edge of eave; 1 small intercalated triangular spine, usually separated from adjacent structures by visible gap; postorbital and suborbital lobes surround orbit. Hepatic region with tubercles and granules, sometimes spines; gastric region raised with large granules or tubercles; cardiac region prominently raised with 1 large median tubercle; branchial region raised, covered with granules and tubercles; metabranchial region with 1 blunt tubercle. Antennal flagellum very short, not extending beyond short pseudorostral horns. Basal antennal article broad short covered by short setae. Third maxilliped with merus and ischium smooth or covered with tubercles, merus may be fused with ischium; merus with anteroexternal angle produced to differing degrees. Cheliped short; dorsal margins of carpus, propodus and chela unarmed or with spines. Ambulatory legs short without spines; dactylus relatively long, sharp. Male and female pleons with 6 free somites and telson; narrow in male; somite 1 with median swelling.</p> <p>Remarks. Rathbun (1932) established Choniognathus on the basis of a new species, C. koreensis Rathbun, 1932, described from one female from the Sea of Japan. Sakai (1938: 273) argued that this species is probably identical with Eurynome reini Balss, 1924, described from two females from Sagami Bay. The two species are now regarded as synonyms (see Yokoya 1933: 158; Sakai 1965: 78; Takeda &amp; Miyake 1969: 511; Sakai 1976: 222; Ng et al. 2008: 116). The holotype female of C. koreensis (Figs. 7A, B, 13G) was examined and Sakai’s (1938) decision is supported. The only major difference is that the anterointernal angle of the ischium of the holotype of C. koreensis is somewhat lower and less auriculiform in shape (Fig. 13G) whereas it is more developed in other specimens (Fig. 13H).</p> <p>A major diagnostic character for Choniognathus is that the merus and ischium of the third maxillipeds are fused, first figured by Sakai (1938: text-fig. 34b) (see also Sakai 1976: text-fig. 120b) (Fig. 13G, H). The third maxillipeds of the present specimens of C. reini confirm this (Fig. 13G, H). Griffin (1965) re-examined the holotype female and other specimens of C. granulosus and described and figured the species at length. He noted that it is different from C. reini in that the pseudorostral spines are more divergent (Griffin 1965: fig. 1), the hepatic and branchial regions are proportionately wider (Griffin 1965: fig. 1), and the merus and ischium of the third maxilliped are separated by a distinct suture and likely to be mobile (Griffin 1965: fig. 2). Griffin (1965: 36), however, did comment that “Therefore it is important to note that in E. granulosa, while these two segments of the maxillipeds are distinct, the junction seems a very narrow, shallow, groove and it is possible that the merus is not freely moveable”. Griffin &amp; Tranter (1986) later stated that the merus and ischium of the third maxilliped is not fused in E. granulosus, and that this is not a diagnostic character for Choniognathus. Griffin &amp; Tranter (1986) also transferred Eurynome elegans and E. verhoeffi to Choniognathus, but without much explanation.</p> <p>The condition of the third maxilliped merus and ischium in C. granulosus should be re-examined to ascertain if it is actually mobile, especially as Griffin (1965) had noted the suture was shallow. It is known that for pleonal somites in some Xanthidae and Geryonidae, the presence of a suture is not always associated with mobility, and the structures may be functionally fused (e.g., see Ng &amp; Chia 1994; Ng et al. 1998; Manuel-Santos &amp; Ng 2007). In C. spinosus n. sp., the merus and ischium of the third maxillipeds are clearly mobile (Fig. 6D).</p> <p>The G1 of C. reini has never been figured but it is not of the typical Eurynome type; Griffin &amp; Tranter (1986: 203) describing it as broad, straight and distally it is curved strongly ventrally and slightly outwards; apex blunt with long setae on the medial margin and a blunt subterminal lobe on the lateral margin; aperture is a narrow slit-like opening on the sternal surface of this subterminal lobe..</p> <p>Choniognathus verhoeffi described from two males and two females from the Red Sea (Balss 1929: 12, fig. 5) does not belong to the genus. The frontal margin is quadrilobate, with a pair of median spines and strong, anteriorly directed lateral spines, the dorsal surface of the carapace is covered by regularly spaced boletiform tubercles, the antennal flagellum is very long, being much longer than the pseudorostral spines, the chelipeds are elongate and the outer surfaces are strongly spinate, the meri and carpi of the ambulatory legs are long, prominently spinate, and the male telson is linguiform and long (Balss 1929: fig. 5). Griffin &amp; Tranter (1974: 168, fig. 1d, e) discussed C. verhoeffi with fresh material (one male and three females from the Gulf of Eilat, Red Sea, 68–90 m) and described the G1 as follows: “first pleopod of the male is expanded distally but the opening is simple (but with no figure). They noted that it was quite different from the “scyriform G 1 type of typical Eurynome species (Griffin &amp; Tranter 1974: 168). As far as is known, C. verhoeffi is also not covered with dense tomentum which completely obscures the surfaces and outlines like in C. reini. It was almost certainly on this character that they decided to later transfer it to Choniognathus (Griffin &amp; Tranter, 1986: 203). The species certainly cannot be assigned to any of the genera discussed in this paper. It is provisionally retained in Choniognathus until the types can be re-examined.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B187B7FF95FFB989B3A1D5FAC65FC8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Forges, Bertrand Richer De;Lee, Bee Yan;Ng, Peter K. L.	Forges, Bertrand Richer De, Lee, Bee Yan, Ng, Peter K. L. (2021): The taxonomy of spider crabs of the genera Eurynome, Choniognathus, Seiitaiodes and Kasagia (Crustacea: Brachyura: Majidae) from southwest Indian Ocean. Zootaxa 5048 (3): 301-333, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5048.3.1
03B187B7FF96FFB889B3A3B8FE6F5DB4.text	03B187B7FF96FFB889B3A3B8FE6F5DB4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Choniognathus spinosus Forges & Lee & Ng 2021	<div><p>Choniognathus spinosus n. sp.</p> <p>(Figures 1A, 6A–F)</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype: ovigerous female (cl 10.2 mm, pcl 9.5 mm, cw 8.3 mm, bcw 7.3 mm) (MNHN-IU-2008-10297), stn CP3132, Mozambique Channel, 2511’S 3501’E, 101–102 m, coll. MAINBAZA, 10 April 2009.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Dorsal surface of carapace covered with numerous prominent spines and sharp tubercles; with stiff scattered setae, without dense tomentum which completely covers surface (Fig. 6A, B). Pseudorostral spines short, strongly diverging (Fig. 6A, B). Supraocular eave broad with concave margin lined with 2 or 3 spines, not completely covering eye (Fig. 6B); postocular spine longer than preocular tooth on eave, with short intercalated spine totally filling space between them (Fig. 6B). Hepatic spine long, oriented outwards (Fig. 6B). Gastric area raised, with numerous granules, with 2 tubercles on top; cardiac area raised, covered by prominent granules, with 5 posterior granules tuberculiform, forming blunt spines (Fig. 6B, C); branchial area inflated covered with spines, 2 of them longer (Fig. 6B). Posterior carapace margin with 3 rows of long granules like-spines (Fig. 6B). Basal antennal article with 4 spines distally, base appressed against infraorbital margin with 2 long spines (Fig. 6D). Buccal frame quadrangular, completely covered by third maxillipeds (Fig. 6D, E). Third maxilliped with merus and ischium covered by scattered tubercles, merus separated from ischium by suture, structures mobile; anteroexternal angle of merus strongly produced, auriculiform (Fig. 6D, E). Cheliped short, dorsal margins and outer surfaces of carpus, merus and chela covered by spines and stiff setae; cutting margins of fingers finely serrulate (Fig. 6E, F). Ambulatory legs short, setose (Fig. 6A). Pleon with 6 free somites and telson, somite 1 with large median swelling covered by tubercles and granules (Fig. 6B, C).</p> <p>Type locality. Mozambique Channel</p> <p>Etymology. The name spinosus alludes to the spiny carapace and pereopods of the species.</p> <p>Remarks. Choniognathus spinosus n. sp. has several unusual features that question its placement in the genus. It differs from the type species, C. reini, in the following characters: the pseudorostral spines are clearly divergent (Fig. 6A) (versus directed anteriorly and subparallel in C. reini; Fig. 7A, C, E); the supraorbital eave is more expanded with a spinous margin (Fig. 6A, B) (versus narrow with the margin entire in C. reini; Fig. 7A, C, E); the postocular spine is as long as than the preocular eave tooth, with the intercalated spine totally covering space (Fig. 6B) (versus postocular spine is distinctly shorter than the preocular eave tooth with the intercalated spine separated from the eave and postorbital spine by narrow clefts (Fig. 7A, C, E); the merus and ischium of the third maxilliped are mobile (Fig. 6D) (versus fused in C. reini with the suture very shallow or undiscernible in C. reini; Fig. 13G, H); the anteroexternal angle of the merus of the third maxilliped is strongly produced (Fig. 6D) (versus lower in C. reini; Fig. 13G, H); and the outer surface of the merus, carpus and chela are covered with prominent spines (Fig. 6A, E, F) (versus almost smooth in C. reini; Fig. 7D). In addition, while C. reini and C. granulosus (cf. Baker 1906: 108) have short ambulatory legs with all the dorsal surfaces of the carapace and pereiopods completely covered by a short dense tomentum (Fig. 7E), this is not the case with C. spinosus n. sp., the carapace and pereopods are just covered with short stiff setae, which while dense, do not completely obscure the outline and surfaces like the other two species (Fig. 1A).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B187B7FF96FFB889B3A3B8FE6F5DB4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Forges, Bertrand Richer De;Lee, Bee Yan;Ng, Peter K. L.	Forges, Bertrand Richer De, Lee, Bee Yan, Ng, Peter K. L. (2021): The taxonomy of spider crabs of the genera Eurynome, Choniognathus, Seiitaiodes and Kasagia (Crustacea: Brachyura: Majidae) from southwest Indian Ocean. Zootaxa 5048 (3): 301-333, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5048.3.1
03B187B7FF90FFBE89B3A488FDAB5FAC.text	03B187B7FF90FFBE89B3A488FDAB5FAC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Seiitaoides Griffin & Tranter 1986	<div><p>Genus Seiitaoides Griffin &amp; Tranter, 1986</p> <p>Seiitaoides Griffin &amp; Tranter, 1986: 200 (key), 251, 252.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Carapace pyriform; dorsal surface with regions well demarcated, with several large plates on gastric, cardiac, intestinal and branchial regions; surfaces of plates covered by granules. Pseudorostral spines relatively short, cylindrical or dorsoventrally flattened, diverging, with U-shaped cleft. Supraocular eave wide completely protecting eye; proximal angle may form blunt tooth; postocular spine long flattened or as blunt tooth; intercalated spine distinct or short, tightly appressed against postorbital spine and/or supraorbital eave. Suborbital tooth forming wide lobe. Hepatic spine usually long or prominent, may be curved, with boletiform tubercle just above spine. Gastric region covered with strong tubercles; median part with 1 or 2 ovate or cardiform plates; protogastric part with 2 large tubercles. Deep groove between branchial and gastric areas with row of large granules. Branchial area with 2 large boletiform plates; 1 branchial, 1 epibranchial. Lateral margin of branchial region with 4 large boletiform tubercles which may coalesce to form plates. Cardiac region with large triangular or subovate shield-like plate, prominently granulated. Intestinal region and posterior carapace margin forming brace-like plate with plates on posterolateral margin, regions, sometimes visible as 3 plates but may be fused to form one wide contiguous structure. Nephridophore large, swollen; basal article wider at base with 3 blunt spines, distal part narrower; flagellum short, just exceeding length of pseudorostral spines. Epistome longer than wide or quadrate. Buccal cavity squarish; posterior margin of epistome uneven, with median part projecting downwards. Third maxilliped with large granules on merus and ischium; merus and ischium free; anteroexternal angle of merus distinctly produced, auriculiform. Margin of pterygostomial region with 4 large granules. Anterior part of male thoracic sternum deeply depressed; distal margin of rim of sternopleonal cavity smooth or with sharp spines; ventral surface setose. Adult male chelipeds long; merus with numerous short spines; carpus short flattened, covered with short spines; chela long, fingers forming gentle angle with palm. Ambulatory legs relatively short, covered of short setae, merus and carpus smooth or with short spines; dactylus long, curved, sharp. Male pleon with 6 free somites and telson; somite 1 with large round median swelling visible in dorsal view; somite 3 with lateral surfaces swollen; telson linguiform, much longer than broad. G1 slender, almost straight to sinuous; G2 short, with short distal segment.</p> <p>Type species. Eurynome orientalis Sakai, 1961, by original designation.</p> <p>Remarks. Seiitaoides Griffin &amp; Tranter, 1986, was described for two species, S. orientalis, from Japan, and S. stimpsonii from Providence reef, Seychelles, following the revision of Eurynome (Griffin &amp; Tranter 1986). With the fresh material collected from the southwest Indian Ocean, two new Seiitaoides species are described bringing the total now to four species for the genus.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B187B7FF90FFBE89B3A488FDAB5FAC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Forges, Bertrand Richer De;Lee, Bee Yan;Ng, Peter K. L.	Forges, Bertrand Richer De, Lee, Bee Yan, Ng, Peter K. L. (2021): The taxonomy of spider crabs of the genera Eurynome, Choniognathus, Seiitaiodes and Kasagia (Crustacea: Brachyura: Majidae) from southwest Indian Ocean. Zootaxa 5048 (3): 301-333, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5048.3.1
03B187B7FF91FFA389B3A25CFB7059A4.text	03B187B7FF91FFA389B3A25CFB7059A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Seiitaoides mirabilis Forges & Lee & Ng 2021	<div><p>Seiitaoides mirabilis n. sp.</p> <p>(Figures 8, 9, 13I–K)</p> <p>Eurynome stimpsoni — Griffin &amp; Tranter, 1974: 166, fig. 1a–c (not Eurynome stimpsoni Miers 1884).</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype: 1 male (cl 13.2 mm, pcl 11.2 mm, cw 7.3 mm, bcw 6.4 mm) (MNHN-IU-2010- 1301A), stn CP3288, in front of Narendry Bay, Madagascar, 1431.9’S 4726.54’E, 46–54 m, coll. MIRIKY, 14 July 2009. Paratypes: 1 ovigerous female (cl 11.7 mm, pcl 10.2 mm, cw 6.4 mm, bcw 5.6 mm) (MNHN-IU-2010- 1301B), 1 female (cl 13.0 mm, pcl 11.3 mm, cw 7.1 mm, bcw 6.4 mm), 1 ovigerous female (cl 12.9 mm, pcl 11.2 mm, cw 7.1 mm, bcw 6.5 mm), 1 female (with Sacculina) (cl 10.0 mm, pcl 8.8 mm, cw 6.0 mm, bcw 5.1 mm) (ZRC 2020.379, ex MNHN-IU-2010-1035), 3 ovigerous females (cl 13.3 mm, pcl 11.7 mm, cw 7.4 mm, bcw 6.5 mm; cl 10.4 mm, pcl 9.0 mm, cw 6.0 mm, bcw 5.2 mm; cl 10.4 mm, pcl 8.8 mm, cw 5.6 mm, bcw 5.1 mm) (MNHN-IU-2010-1035), same locality and collection data as holotype.— 1 male (badly damaged) cl 9.2 mm, pcl 8.2 mm, cw 5.2 mm, bcw 4.6 mm (ZRC 2020.376, ex MNHN-IU-2010-1186), stn DW3235, Madagascar, 1432.56’S 4727.71’E, 46–54 m, coll. MIRIKY, 6 July 2009.</p> <p>Comparative material. Seiitaoides orientalis (Sakai, 1961): 2 males (cl 8.5 mm, pcl 7.3 mm, cw 5.1 mm, bcw 4.1 mm; cl 5.5 mm, pcl 4.8 mm, cw 3.2 mm, bcw 2.8 mm), 2 females (cl 7.5 mm, pcl 6.6 mm, cw 5.0 mm, bcw 3.6 mm; cl 7.3 mm, pcl 6.6 mm cw 4.8 mm, bcw 3.6 mm) (ZRC 2020.374), stn T36, Cervera Shoal, west Pamilacan island, Bohol, Visayas, Philippines, sand on echinoderm bed, 929.3’N 12351.5’E, 95–128 m, coll. PANGLAO 2004, 4 July 2004.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Pseudorostral spines cylindrical in cross section, gently diverging; outer margin with small accessory spinules (Fig. 8A–C). Supraorbital eave broad, margin spinulated, with proximal angle enlarged, forming blunt tooth; postocular tooth slender, longer than preocular, separated by narrow gap, intercalated spine short, tightly appressed against long curved postocular spine; 3 ocular teeth totally surround eye (Figs. 8B, C, 9A). Hepatic spine short, flattened, with prominent boletiform tubercle dorsal to it, separated from postocular tooth by wide gap (Figs. 8B, 9B). Gastric region with 1 median cardiform plate; protogastric area with 2 tubercles; cardiac region covered by large raised ovoid plate; branchial region with 2 large rounded plates; lateral margin with 3 large boletiform tubercles; surfaces between plates with small sharp granules Fig. 8B, C, E). Intestinal region and posterior carapace margin raised, with granuliform, adjoining low plate-like granuliform plates on posterolateral margin. Basal antennal article fused with carapace, with 2 blunt distal teeth and 2 or 3 medially (Fig. 9A, B); flagellum subequal in length to pseudorostral spines. Anterolateral flange of buccal cavity gently serrated (Fig. 9A, B). Third maxilliped with 2 sharp granules on ischium (Fig. 9A, B). Adult male cheliped very long; merus long, with short spines; carpus short with 2 spines on outer surface; chela wider distally with 2 sharp spines on outer face, fingers short, with serrulate cutting margins (Figs. 8A, 9C). Ambulatory legs short, setose, merus slightly carinate on dorsal margin, unarmed (Fig. 9D). Anterior part of thoracic sternum depressed; distal part of sternopleonal cavity with distinct smooth rim surrounding telson (Fig. 9A). Male and female pleon with 6 free somites; male and female somite 1 with large subtruncate rounded tubercle (Fig. 8A, B, D); lateral margins of male somite 3 swollen; male telson much longer than wide with concave lateral margins (Fig. 9A, B). G1 gently sinuous, elongate, with slightly flattened extremity (Fig. 13I–K).</p> <p>Type locality. Narendry Bay, Madagascar.</p> <p>Etymology. The term mirabilis is a Latin term for beautiful, alluding to the appearance of the species.</p> <p>Remarks. The species closest to Seiitaoides mirabilis n. sp. is S. orientalis (Sakai, 1961), described from Japan but has also been reported from the Indonesian Moluccas and Western Australia (cf. Sakai 1961: 140, text-fig. 1c, d, pl. 4 fig. 2; Griffin 1970: 7, fig. 1; Griffin &amp; Tranter 1986: 251, fig. 69b, e–f). Several specimens of S. orientalis were on hand from the Philippines and they agree with the descriptions and figures by these authors. The differences with S. mirabilis n. sp. are as follow: in S. orientalis, the branchial plate has a sharp spine pointing outwards (versus without spine in S. mirabilis n. sp.; Fig. 8A, B, D); on the posterior carapace margin, there are two granulated raised plates (versus with three in S. mirabilis n. sp.; Fig. 8A, B, D); the meri of the ambulatory legs are spiny (versus carinate in S. mirabilis n. sp.; Fig. 8A, D); the intercalated spine is large and sharp (versus reduced, blunt and tightly appressed against the postocular tooth in S. mirabilis n. sp.; Fig. 8A, B); the supraocular eave is narrow with 4 or 5 teeth on its margin (versus broad with the border serrulated, and enlarged on the posterior angle as a tooth in S. mirabilis n. sp.; Fig. 8B); the anterolateral flange of the buccal cavity is lined with long sharp spines (Fig. 12E) (versus gently serrated in S. mirabilis n. sp.; Fig. 9A, B); the distal part of the sternopleonal cavity has 3 sharp spines on the rim surrounding telson (Fig. 12E) (versus distal part of sternopleonal cavity with smooth rim in S. mirabilis n. sp.; Fig. 9A); and the merus of the chela is inflated in adult males (versus chela slender in S. mirabilis n. sp.; Fig. 8A) (cf. Fig. 12C–E; Griffin 1970: fig. 1; Sakai 1961: pl. 4 fig. 2; 1965: pl. 37 fig. 5; 1976: text-fig. 119, pl. 76 fig. 1). The G1 structures are very different; in S. mirabilis, it is distinctly sinuous and long (Fig. 13I, J) but it is almost straight and proportionately shorter short and straight in S. orientalis (cf. Sakai 1961: fig. 1c, d).</p> <p>Griffin &amp; Tranter (1974: 166, fig. 1a–c) described and figured a female (cl 12.5 mm) he identified as Eurynome stimpsoni from the Gulf of Eilat in the Red Sea but in almost all aspects, it matches S. mirabilis n. sp. The only difference is that the pseudorostrum is relatively short (Griffin &amp; Tranter 1974: 166, fig. 1a) but this is within the range for females of this species (e.g., Fig. 8D). Eurynome stimpsoni was described by Miers (1884: 523, pl. 47 fig. A, a; Fig. 12A) from one male and three females (largest 11.0 × 6.0 mm) from Providence Reef near the Seychelles and has not been reliably reported since. While S. mirabilis n. sp. superficially resembles S. orientalis, it differs markedly in that the carapace is distinctly pyriform in carapace shape with the posterior part much wider than the anterior part (Fig. 8A, B, D) (versus carapace slender with the posterior half of the carapace only slightly wider than the anterior part in S. orientalis; Fig. 12A; Miers 1884: pl. 47 fig.A); the pseudorostrum is slender and elongate (Fig. 8A, B, D) (versus prominently flattened dorsoventrally and lobiform in S. orientalis; Fig. 12A; Miers 1884: pl. 47 fig. A); the supraorbital eave slopes towards the front with the margin spinulate, the postorbital spine is slender, long and directed obliquely anteriorly (Fig. 8B) (versus supraorbital eave subparallel, entire and resembles a lobiform tooth directed laterally in S. orientalis; Fig. 12A; Miers 1884: pl. 47 fig. A); the hepatic lobe is armed with a dorsal plate and a prominent spine ventral to it (Fig. 8A, B, D) (versus with only one plate in S. orientalis; Fig. 12A; Miers 1884: pl. 47 fig. A); the intestinal plate is in three distinct parts (Fig. 8A, B, D) (versus one continuous plate in S. orientalis; Fig. 12A; Miers 1884: pl. 47 fig. A); and the ambulatory legs, especially the meri, are distinctly longer (Fig. 8A, D) (versus distinctly shorter in S. orientalis; Fig. 12A; Miers 1884: pl. 47 fig. A).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B187B7FF91FFA389B3A25CFB7059A4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Forges, Bertrand Richer De;Lee, Bee Yan;Ng, Peter K. L.	Forges, Bertrand Richer De, Lee, Bee Yan, Ng, Peter K. L. (2021): The taxonomy of spider crabs of the genera Eurynome, Choniognathus, Seiitaiodes and Kasagia (Crustacea: Brachyura: Majidae) from southwest Indian Ocean. Zootaxa 5048 (3): 301-333, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5048.3.1
03B187B7FF8CFFA189B3A453FEBE5A2F.text	03B187B7FF8CFFA189B3A453FEBE5A2F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Seiitaoides kabuto Forges & Lee & Ng 2021	<div><p>Seiitaoides kabuto n. sp.</p> <p>(Figures 10A–D; 11A–E)</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype: ovigerous female (cl 10.0 mm, pcl 8.6 m, cw 5.3 mm, bcw 4.5 mm) (MNHN-IU-2016-7089), stn DW4836, Comoros Islands, 1225’S 4356’E, 82–88 m, coll. BIOMAGLO, 28 January 2017. Paratype: 1 female (cl 11.2 mm, pcl 9.3 mm, cw 5.7 mm, bcw 5.1 mm) (MNHN-IU-2016-7090), 1 ovigerous female (cl 10.1 mm, pcl 8.6 mm, cw 5.3 mm, bcw 4.6 mm) (ZRC 2020.377, ex MNHN-IU-2016-7088), same locality and collection data as holotype.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Pseudorostral spines short, subcylindrical, gently diverging; outer margin with 2 accessory spines (Fig. 10B, D). Supraocular eave wide, margin entire, proximal part with low, blunt preocular tooth; partially overlaps long sharp flattened postocular spine; intercalated spine short, tightly appressed against eave and postocular spine; no obvious gaps between spines (Fig. 10B, C). Hepatic spine well developed, lobiform, sharp, directed outwards, with distinct boletiform tubercle dorsal to it, separated from postocular spine by wide gap (Fig. 10B, C). Gastric region well defined bearing several plates and granules; median part with 2 large circular plates arranged longitudinally, appressed against each other; protogastric region with 2 small round plates, laterally appressed; cardiac region raised, with 2 large lateral plates fused medially; branchial region with 3 closely arranged plates (Fig. 10B, D; Fig. 11A). Intestinal region, posterior carapace margin and posterolateral margin forming 1 broad brace-like granuliform plate, vaguely divided into 3 parts (Fig. 10B, D). Epistome quadrate (Fig. 11B). Third maxilliped with ischium distinctly tuberculated (Fig. 11C). Female cheliped short; merus, carpus and chela spiny (Fig. 11D). Ambulatory legs short, with merus and propodus spiny (Figs. 10A, C, 11E). Female pleonal somite 1 with large rounded tubercle covered with small granules (Fig. 10B, D).</p> <p>Type locality. Comoros Islands.</p> <p>Etymology. The name alludes to the general appearance of the carapace, superficially resembling a kabuto, the Japanese name for a samurai helmet. The name is used as a Latin noun in apposition.</p> <p>Remarks. Seiitaioides kabuto n. sp. is morphologically most similar to S. stimpsoni (Miers, 1884, but differs in the pseudorostral spines being slender, with two accessory spinules on the outer margin (Fig. 10C, D) (versus prominently dorsoventrally flattened with margins unarmed in S. stimpsoni; Fig. 12A; Miers 1884: pl. 47 fig. A); having both median gastric plates subequal in size (Fig. 10B, D) (versus posterior plate distinctly smaller in S. stimpsoni; Fig. 12A; Miers 1884: pl. 47 fig. A); the supraorbital eave is long and slopes anteriorly towards the front (Fig. 10B, D) (versus short and subparallel in S. stimpsoni; Fig. 12A; Miers 1884: pl. 47 fig. A); the hepatic region has a small dorsal boletiform tubercle and a large lobiform spine ventral to it (Fig. 10B, D) (versus with only large dorsal boletiform tubercle in S. stimpsoni; Fig. 12A; Miers 1884: pl. 47 fig. A); and the lateral branchial plates are proportionately much larger (Fig. 10B, D) (versus small in S. stimpsoni; Fig. 12A; Miers 1884: pl. 47 fig. A).</p> <p>The description and figure of S. stimpsoni by Miers (1884: 523, pl. 47 fig. A) does not show an intercalated spine but it is probably present. In S. kabuto n. sp., the intercalated spine is small and tightly appressed against the supraocular eave and postocular spine with no gaps between them (Fig. 10B, C), so much so that the structures appear almost completely fused. It could thus have been easily missed by Miers.</p> <p>Seiitaioides kabuto n. sp. also resembles S. mirabilis n. sp., with both having large boletiform plates covered by granules. In S. kabuto n. sp., however, the hepatic tooth is long flattened and sharp (Fig. 10B, D) (versus short and thinner in S. mirabilis n. sp.; Fig. 8B); the preocular tooth is overlapping the wide postocular tooth, closing the gap and leaving only a very reduced intercalated spine (Fig. 10B, D) (versus a long blunt postocular tooth not touching the preocular tooth in S. mirabilis n. sp.; Fig. 8B); there is two partially fused plates (Fig. 10B, D) (versus only one large cardiac plate in S. mirabilis n. sp.; Fig. 7B); there are two large gastric plates (Fig. 10B, D) (versus only one cardiform plate in S. mirabilis n. sp.; Fig. 7B); the epistome is squarish (Fig. 11B) (versus longer than wide in S. mirabilis n. sp.; Fig. 9A, B); and the ambulatory legs are spiny (Fig. 10A, 11E) (versus smooth in S. mirabilis n. sp.; Fig. 8A, 9D).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B187B7FF8CFFA189B3A453FEBE5A2F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Forges, Bertrand Richer De;Lee, Bee Yan;Ng, Peter K. L.	Forges, Bertrand Richer De, Lee, Bee Yan, Ng, Peter K. L. (2021): The taxonomy of spider crabs of the genera Eurynome, Choniognathus, Seiitaiodes and Kasagia (Crustacea: Brachyura: Majidae) from southwest Indian Ocean. Zootaxa 5048 (3): 301-333, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5048.3.1
03B187B7FF89FFA689B3A1D5FCD85951.text	03B187B7FF89FFA689B3A1D5FCD85951.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kasagia Richer de Forges & Ng 2007	<div><p>Genus Kasagia Richer de Forges &amp; Ng, 2007</p> <p>Kasagia Richer de Forges &amp; Ng, 2007: 59, 60.</p> <p>Comparative material examined. Kasagia arbastoi Richer de Forges &amp; Ng, 2007: Paratype: 1 male (cl 12.6 mm, pcl 10.8 mm, cw 9.2 mm, bcw 7.7 mm) (ZRC 2013.176), Balicasag Island, Panglao, Bohol, Philippines, 200–300 m, coll. fishermen, June 2002. Others: 2 males (cl 13.4 mm, pcl 10.9 mm, cw 8.0 mm, bcw 7.6 mm; cl 13.4 mm, pcl 10.2 mm, cw 7.5 mm, bcw 7.1 mm) (ZRC 2014.364), stn PN1, Balicasag Island, Panglao, Bohol, Philippines, 200–300 m, coll. PKL Ng, March 2004.— 1 male (cl 13.3 mm, pcl 10.2 mm, cw 7.8 mm, bcw 7.2 mm) (ZRC 2020.375), stn PN 1, Balicasag Island, Panglao, Bohol, Philippines, 200–300 m, coll. fishermen, November 2003.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Carapace longitudinally ovate. Dorsal carapace surface with regions poorly defined, covered with low and flattened granules, never with boletiform tubercles or spines.</p> <p>Pseudorostral spines long, ovate in cross-section, outer margin with small spinules. Supraocular margin forming complete eave, raised, cristate, partially overlapping cup-like postocular spine; intercalated spine absent. Hepatic region with single auriculiform lobe. Ocular peduncule short, eye rounded, totally concealed orbit when retracted. Basal antennal article triangular. Outer surface of third maxilliped with low granules, no spines; anteroexternal angle of merus prominently produced, auriculiform. Adult male cheliped very long, covered with setae; merus, carpus and chela covered with spines; chela long; fingers slightly bent, tips crossing when closed. Ambulatory legs short; dorsal margin of merus carinate, with small proximal spine in smaller specimens, otherwise unarmed; other articles covered by setae. Male thoracic sternites 2–4 relatively wide. Male pleon with 6 free segments and telson. G1 sinuous, relatively stout, distal part dilated, tip bifurcated. G2 short, with short distal segment.</p> <p>Type species. Kasagia arbastoi Richer de Forges &amp; Ng, 2007, by original designation.</p> <p>Remarks. Kasagia was described by Richer de Forges &amp; Ng (2007) for K. arbastoi, collected from Philippines. With the transfer of one species previously in Choniognathus, and a new record from southwestern Indian Ocean, there are currently three species recognised from this genus.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B187B7FF89FFA689B3A1D5FCD85951	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Forges, Bertrand Richer De;Lee, Bee Yan;Ng, Peter K. L.	Forges, Bertrand Richer De, Lee, Bee Yan, Ng, Peter K. L. (2021): The taxonomy of spider crabs of the genera Eurynome, Choniognathus, Seiitaiodes and Kasagia (Crustacea: Brachyura: Majidae) from southwest Indian Ocean. Zootaxa 5048 (3): 301-333, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5048.3.1
03B187B7FF89FFA889B3A5C0FDE65CCC.text	03B187B7FF89FFA889B3A5C0FDE65CCC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kasagia elegans (Stebbing 1921) Forges & Lee & Ng 2021	<div><p>Kasagia elegans (Stebbing, 1921) comb. nov.</p> <p>(Figures 1B–D, 14, 15A–C, 16A–C, 17A, B, 18, 20A–C)</p> <p>Eurynome elegans Stebbing, 1921: 454, pl. 108.— Barnard, 1950: 57, fig. 12d, e.</p> <p>Choniognathus elegans — Griffin &amp; Tranter, 1986: 203.— Ng et al., 2008: 116.</p> <p>Material examined. Neotype (herein designated): 1 male (cl 11.8 mm, pcl 9.8 mm, cw 7.9 mm, bcw 7.4 mm) (MNHN-IU-2008-10340), stn CC 3159, Mozambique Channel, 2355’S 3537’E, 148–152 m, coll. MAINBAZA, 15 April 2009. Others: 1 female (cl 7.9 mm, pcl 6.3 mm, cw 4.9 mm, bcw 4.5 mm) (MNHN-IU-2008-10339), stn CC3159, Mozambique Channel, 2355’S 3537’E, 148–152 m, coll. MAINBAZA, 15 April 2009.— 1 female (cl 11.9 mm, pcl 9.3 mm, cw 7.4 mm, bcw 6.9 mm) (MNHN-IU-2010-77), stn DW3196, Madagascar,1208’S 4856’E, 238–249 m, coll. MIRIKY, 28 June 2009.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Postfrontal region of carapace relatively short (Fig. 16A–C); granules on posterior dorsal half of carapace closely packed (Fig. 16A–C). Base of pseudorostral spines separated from supraorbital eave by distinct gap (Fig. 16A–C). Supraocular eave distinctly more swollen, strongly carinate, separated from pseudorostral spine by a distinct cleft (Fig. 16A–C). Hepatic spine auriculiform, clearly lobiform, same size as postocular spine, directed outwards (Fig. 16A–C); branchial margin of carapace with 4 strong boletiform tubercles in (Figs. 16B, C; 18A). Basal antennal article enlarged proximally, forming broad triangular tooth basally, with deep median longitudinal groove, margins prominently raised (Figs. 17B, 18G). Epistome forming 3 lobes. Buccal cavity wider anteriorly; ischium of third maxilliped with longitudinal row of 3 strong granules (Figs. 17B, 18F). Anterior part of the male thoracic sternum wide, smooth (Fig. 18G). Male pleon narrow, with long triangular telson (Fig. 18G). Chelipeds long, spiny; merus longer than carapace with 4 or 5 spines on each margin; carpus long with distal spine, distal part wider; chela long with 5 spines on outer border (Fig. 15A, 18C, D); fingers long slender.Ambulatory legs short, with dorsal margin of merus carinate. G1 relatively more sinuous (Fig. 20A, B).</p> <p>Type locality. Cape Vidal, Zululand, South Africa.</p> <p>Remarks. Stebbing (1921: 454) described Eurynome elegans from a small female 8.0 × 7.0 mm (including spines) from Cape Vidal in South Africa and provided a rather schematic figure of the species (Fig. 14). Barnard (1950: 57) did not examine Stebbing’s specimen but recorded another female (10.0 × 6.0 mm) from the same location, with his description matching that by Stebbing, and he also figured the gastric and cardiac regions of the carapace and the last ambulatory merus. The provenance of the type specimen of Eurynome elegans is not known. Ng et al. (2008: 219) discussed the problem with the type material of another species from the same paper, Pachygrapsus polyodous Stebbing, 1921 (now in Euchirograpsus H. Milne Edwards, 1853, Plagusiidae), noting that the type could not be located in South African Museum or the Natural History Museum in London where some of Stebbing’s material was donated. Some of his material has been found in London (e.g., see Ng &amp; Clark 2010). At the author’s request, Paul Clark searched the NHM reference collection, but the specimen could not be located. Futhermore, the name was not in the register of material given to the museum. In all likelihood, the holotype of Eurynome elegans is no longer extant.</p> <p>Griffin &amp; Tranter (1986: 203) transferred it to Choniognathus commenting that this was done on the basis of the type of carapace tubercles, the form of the basal antennal article and the first pleopod of the male. The G1 of the species, however, has never been recorded, although it is possible the authors examined specimens that were not recorded in their paper.</p> <p>The present three specimens are referred to Stebbing’s (1921) species. The smallest specimen (cl 7.9 mm, cw 4.9 mm, MNHN-IU-2008-10339) is similar in size to the holotype and shares all the key features of the species. The prominent auriculate and lobiform postorbital and hepatic spines are diagnostic, as are the carinate supraorbital eaves (Figs. 15A–C, 16A–C), agreeing with the original figures (Fig. 14). The lateral spines of this female are acute and spinyform like in the holotype (Fig. 16A), but in the two larger specimens (including a male), these spines become distinctly fungiform in shape (Fig. 16B, C). As such, the species is assigned to Kasagia.</p> <p>Another similar species, K. sudhakari Padate, Manjebrayakath &amp; Ng, 2019, also occurs in the western Indian Ocean and is sympatric with K. elegans comb. nov., it is useful to select a neotype for the latter species. This is especially considering that it is the oldest of the three Kasagia species known, the rather poor figures provided by Stebbing (1921), and its close resemblance to K. arbastoi. A neotype will help stabilise the taxonomy of the whole genus. A male specimen (cl 11.8 mm, pcl 9.8 mm, cw 7.9 mm, bcw 7.4 mm, MNHN-IU-2008-10340) from the Mozambique Channel is here designated as the neotype of Eurynome elegans Stebbing, 1921 (Figs. 1B, 15A, 16B, 18, 20A–C, I). This location is about 600 km to the northeast of the original type locality at Cape Vidal in South Africa but is in the same system.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B187B7FF89FFA889B3A5C0FDE65CCC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Forges, Bertrand Richer De;Lee, Bee Yan;Ng, Peter K. L.	Forges, Bertrand Richer De, Lee, Bee Yan, Ng, Peter K. L. (2021): The taxonomy of spider crabs of the genera Eurynome, Choniognathus, Seiitaiodes and Kasagia (Crustacea: Brachyura: Majidae) from southwest Indian Ocean. Zootaxa 5048 (3): 301-333, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5048.3.1
03B187B7FF87FFAE89B3A0BDFF195C23.text	03B187B7FF87FFAE89B3A0BDFF195C23.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kasagia sudhakari Padate, Manjebrayakath & Ng 2019	<div><p>Kasagia sudhakari Padate, Manjebrayakath &amp; Ng, 2019</p> <p>(Figures 1E, 15D, E, 16D, E, 17C, D, 19, 20D, E)</p> <p>Kasagia sudhakari Padate, Manjebrayakath &amp; Ng, 2019: 291–295, figs. 2A–G, 3A–D, 4.</p> <p>Material examined. 1 male (cl 8.7 mm, pcl 7.0 mm, cw 5.6 mm, bcw 5.1 mm), 1 ovigerous female (cl 8.1 mm, pcl 6.5 mm, cw 5.2 mm, bcw 4.9 mm) (MNHN-IU-2017-8791), stn CP3131, Mozambique Channel, 2554’S 3359’E, 193–194 m, coll. MAINBAZA, 9 April 2009.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Postfrontal region relatively short (Fig. 16D, E); granules on posterior dorsal half of carapace closely packed (Fig. 16D, E). Base of pseudorostral spines separated from supraorbital eave by distinct gap (Fig. 16D, E). Supraocular eave eave relatively less raised, less strongly carinate, separated from pseudorostral spine by a distinct cleft (Fig. 16D, E). Hepatic spine triangular, distinctly dentiform, slightly larger than postocular spine, directed outwards (Fig. 16D, E); branchial margin of carapace with 4 short acuminate spines, even in adults (Fig. 16D, E). Basal antennal article enlarged proximally, forming broad triangular tooth basally, with deep median longitudinal groove, margins carinate but not strongly raised (Figs. 17D, 19B). Epistome forming 3 lobes. Buccal cavity wider anteriorly; ischium of third maxilliped with longitudinal row of small granules (Figs. 17D, 19C). Anterior part of the male thoracic sternum wide, smooth. Male pleon narrow, with long triangular telson. Chelipeds long, spiny; merus longer than carapace with large spines on each margin; carpus long with distal spine, distal part wider; chela long with up to 5 spines on outer border (Fig. 15D); fingers long slender. Ambulatory legs short, with dorsal margin of merus carinate, with small spinules in smaller specimens. G1 gently curved to almost straight (Fig. 20D, E).</p> <p>Type locality. Arabian Sea, off Cape Comorin, India.</p> <p>Remarks. Kasagia sudhakari, from the western Indian Ocean, can be distinguished from K. elegans comb. nov. in having the supraorbital eave relatively less raised and carinate (Fig. 16D, E) (versus distinctly more swollen and carinate in K. elegans comb. nov., Fig. 16A–C); the hepatic spine being distinctly dentiform (Fig. 16D, E) (versus auriculiform and lobiform in K. elegans, Fig. 16A–C); the lateral branchial spines are acuminate even in adults (Fig. 16D, E; Padate et al. 2019: fig. 2B) (versus fungiform in adult K. elegans comb. nov., Fig. 16D, E); and the G1 is gently curved to almost straight (Fig. 20D, E; Padate et al. 2019: fig. 3A, B) (versus more sinuous in K. elegans comb. nov., Fig. 20A, B). In the above characters, K. elegans comb. nov. is actually morphologically closer to K. arbastoi from the Philippines, but in the latter species, the supraorbital eave is even more prominently raised, with the distal part appressed against the base of the pseudorostral spine (Fig. 16F; Padate et al. 2019: fig. 5A, B) (versus less raised, separated from pseudorostral spine by a distinct gap in K. elegans comb. nov., Fig. 16A–C), the postfrontal region is relatively longer (Fig. 16F; Padate et al. 2019: fig. 5A, B) (versus relatively shorter in K. elegans comb. nov., Fig. 16A–C), and the granules on the posterior dorsal half of the carapace are more widely spaced (Fig. 16F; Padate et al. 2019: fig. 5A, B) (versus granules closely packed in K. elegans comb. nov., Fig. 16A–C).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B187B7FF87FFAE89B3A0BDFF195C23	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Forges, Bertrand Richer De;Lee, Bee Yan;Ng, Peter K. L.	Forges, Bertrand Richer De, Lee, Bee Yan, Ng, Peter K. L. (2021): The taxonomy of spider crabs of the genera Eurynome, Choniognathus, Seiitaiodes and Kasagia (Crustacea: Brachyura: Majidae) from southwest Indian Ocean. Zootaxa 5048 (3): 301-333, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5048.3.1
