taxonID	type	description	language	source
03DBB676D317DF5FFBFC5633FED5FE85.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — CHINA. Hainan Province: Wuzhishan, elev. 1050 m, 18 ° 54 ′ 5.69 ” N, 109 ° 41 ′ 23.87 ” E, in broad-leaved evergreen forests, 14 December 2012, Liang Zhang 1621 (holotype CDBI!, isotype CDBI!). Diagnosis: This species is most similar to Arachniodes chinensis (Fig. 3: A, D) in having short creeping rhizomes, scales on basal stipes blackish brown, scales on fronds dense, black, appressed, and subulate, laminae 2 - pinnate, and indusia entire, but the former has deltoid-oblong laminae and longer (up to 18 cm) caudate apices (vs. deltoid-ovate laminae and shorter caudate apices in the latter), and up to 8 pairs of pinnae (vs. often 2 – 4 pairs in the latter). Plant 57 – 67 cm high. Roots 7 – 9, 1 – 9 cm × 0.2 – 0.5 mm. Rhizome short-creeping, 6.0 × 0.9 cm; densely scaly, brown when young, dark brown when mature, narrow filiform-lanceolate, 4 – 7 × 0.2 – 0.5 mm, entire. Stipes stramineous to brown, 27 – 30 cm × 2.5 mm; base densely scaly, dark brown, subulate, lanceolate, 4 – 11 × 0.1 – 0.9 mm, entire, apex shortly tortuous; upward densely scaly, scales appressed, black, subulate, 1.3 – 2.8 × 0.2 mm. Lamina 2 - pinnatepinnatifid, dull green when dried, deltoid-oblong, papery, base acute or broad obtuse, apex abruptly acuminate to long caudate, up to 18 cm long; rachis 1.2 – 1.8 mm in diam., rachises and axes with dense scales abaxially and adaxially, scales appressed, subulate, similar to scales on distal stipes but smaller; pinnae 6 to 8 pairs, lowest pinnae deltoid, basal basiscopic ones slightly longer or elongated, upper pinnae lanceolate, 5.5 – 20 × 1.3 – 3.6 cm, base acute or obtuse, apex long, narrowly acuminate; pinnules 7 – 22 pairs, alternate, shortly stalked to sessile, oblong, 0.7 – 2.6 × 0.3 – 0.7 cm, with brown microscales abaxially, scales 0.2 – 0.5 mm, glabrous adaxially, base auricle, acute, apex acute or obtuse, aristate. Sori small, 0.7 – 1.5 mm, terminal on veinlets, 1 – 13 pairs per ultimate segment, medial between margins and mid-veins, fugacious; sporangia dark brown; indusia ca. 0.5 mm in diam., brown, membranous or thickly membranous, entire; spores unseen.	en	Lu, Ngan Thi, Nguyen, Linh Phuong, Le, Chi Toan, Nguyen, Thanh Trung, Zhang, Liang (2021): Arachniodes libingii sp. nov. and A. vietnamensis sp. nov. (Dryopteridaceae), two new ferns from southern China and central Vietnam. Phytotaxa 522 (3): 256-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.522.3.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.522.3.9
03DBB676D317DF5FFBFC5633FED5FE85.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet, libingii, is in honor of Dr. Li-Bing Zhang, a botanist based at Missouri Botanical Garden, USA, for his great contributions to pteridology of China and worldwide. He was also one of the thesis advisors of both N. T. L. and L. Z. Geographical distribution: — The new species currently occurs in Hainan and Guangdong, the two southernmost provinces of China. It is possible that Arachniodes libingii also occurs in other provinces of southern China. Additional material examined: — CHINA. Guangdong Province: Lianzhou, elev. 255 m, 25 ° 2 ′ 37.39 " N, 112 ° 25 ′ 12.65 " E, 27 September 2010, Liang Zhang 1199 (CDBI!); Hainan Province: Qiongzhong, Tiedingling, elev. 1100 m, 18 ° 56 ′ N, 109 ° 43 ′ E, 26 May 2002, Dong S. Y. 647 (PE!); Wuzhishan, elev. 1400 m, 18 ° 53 ′ N, 109 ° 41 ′ E, 17 December 2004, Wuzhishan Fern Survey 116 (PE!); Wuzhishan, elev. 960 m, 18 ° 52 ′ N, 109 ° 40 ′ E, 22 December 2004, Wuzhishan Fern Survey 243 (PE!). Notes: — Arachniodes libingii could be confused with A. chinensis and A. yaoshanensis due to their morphological similarities. Comparing to the two species, A. libingii differs from A. chinensis in having more pairs of pinnae and lamina apices abruptly acuminate to long caudate (Fig. 3: A, B), and differs from A. yaoshanensis in having ovate-oblong laminae, rhombic-oblong pinnules, and densely black scales on rachis and petioles. Our previously phylogenetic analysis found somewhat distant relationships among the three species, with A. libingii being resolved in the Vietnamensis Group of the Arachniodes Clade, A. chinensis in the SC (Simplicior - Chinensis) Group of the Arachniodes Clade, and A. yaoshanensis in the Assamicae Clade (Lu et al. 2019 a). The most closely related species to A. libingii is an unknown species from Japan and Taiwan Island. They together formed a lineage resolved as sister to A. vietnamensis.	en	Lu, Ngan Thi, Nguyen, Linh Phuong, Le, Chi Toan, Nguyen, Thanh Trung, Zhang, Liang (2021): Arachniodes libingii sp. nov. and A. vietnamensis sp. nov. (Dryopteridaceae), two new ferns from southern China and central Vietnam. Phytotaxa 522 (3): 256-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.522.3.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.522.3.9
03DBB676D312DF5EFBFC5469FA41FAD7.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — VIETNAM. Lam Dong Province: Bidoup-Nuiba National park, by stream near K'long Lanh Station, elev. 1600 m, Li-Bing Zhang et al. 8602 (holotype PHH!, isotypes CDBI!, MO). Diagnosis: — The new species is most similar to Arachniodes chinensis in having dense, black, appressed, and subulate scales on rachis, laminae more or less ovate, apices gradually acuminate, and lateral pinnae lanceolate. Compared to A. chinensis, the new species has laminae shortly ovate (vs. ovate-deltoid), 5 to 7 pairs of pinnae (vs. often 2 – 4 pairs in the later), pinnules lanceolate to narrowly oblong with deep lobes (vs. pinnules broadly oblong, slightly lobed or unlobed in the later), often two pairs of basiscopic pinnules of basal most pinnae elongated (vs. one pair in the latter). Plant 56 – 65 cm high. Rhizome short-creeping. Stipe in similar length as lamina, ca. 29 cm, 2.5 mm in diam., densely scaly, scales blackish brown, linear-lanceolate or subulate 8.5 – 11 × 1.3 – 1.5 mm, slightly dentate or denticulate, upwards with appressed filiform scales. Lamina 2 - pinnate or 3 - pinnate, dark brown or dull green when dried, shortly ovate, 25 – 29 × 14 – 21 cm, papery, base cordate, apex caudate, up to 17 cm long, rachis scales as those on distal portion of stipe. Pinnae 5 – 7 pairs, 0.7 – 3.5 cm apart, deltoid-lanceolate or lanceolate, 4.5 – 14.5 × 1.3 – 5.5 cm, alternate, or lower 1 (or 2) pairs sometimes opposite, shortly stalked, to 0.4 cm, those of upper pinnae subsessile; basal most pinnae deltoid-lanceolate, 12 – 14.5 × 4 – 5.5 cm, two basiscopic pinnules elongated to 3.5 cm, base acute; pinnules ca. 18 pairs, shortly stalked to 0.1 cm, or sessile, lanceolate or narrowly oblong, 0.5 – 1.8 × 0.3 – 0.6 cm, gradually shortened, base cuneate, apex acute or obtuse, deeply lobed, margin aristate; axes and veins of ultimate segments with brown microscales abaxially. Sori terminal on veinlets, 0.8 – 1.2 mm, 1 – 7 pairs per ultimate segment, medial between midveins and margins; indusia 0.6 – 1.0 mm in diam., dark brown, firmly membranous to thick, subentire to sparsely ciliate; spores ellipsoid, 28.6 – 47 µm in diam., compressed folds, sparsely echinulate, perforate.	en	Lu, Ngan Thi, Nguyen, Linh Phuong, Le, Chi Toan, Nguyen, Thanh Trung, Zhang, Liang (2021): Arachniodes libingii sp. nov. and A. vietnamensis sp. nov. (Dryopteridaceae), two new ferns from southern China and central Vietnam. Phytotaxa 522 (3): 256-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.522.3.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.522.3.9
03DBB676D312DF5EFBFC5469FA41FAD7.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet, vietnamensis, is derived from the name of the country where the new species was discovered, Vietnam. Geographical distribution: — So far, the new species has been found in four provinces of Vietnam, including Quang Binh Province, Quang Tri Province and Thanh Hoa Province in central Vietnam, and Lam Dong Province in the Central Highlands. Additional material examined: — VIETNAM. Quang Binh Province: Bo Trach district, Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, scattered on rather wet places in slightly logged broad-leaved forest, elev. ca. 650 m, 17 ° 27 ' 30 " N, 106 ° 23 ' 06 " E, 7 December 2004, Wu S. K. et al. wp- 904 (KUN!); Bo Trach district, in slightly logged broad-leaved forest, elev. ca. 800 - 900 m, 17 ° 28 ' 36 " N, 106 ° 22 ' 39 " E, 11 December 2004, Wu S. K. et al. wp- 1065 (KUN!); Quang Tri Province: Huong Hoa District, Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve, Huong Phung Commune, Chênh Vênh villige, along Sa Mù stream, elev. 1300 m, 16 ° 48 ' 12.06 " N, 106 ° 35 ' 55.52 " E, 19 November 2014, Zhang L. B. et al. 7575 (VNMN!, CDBI!); Thanh Hoa Province: Pu Luong Nature Reserve, Mt. Pu Luong, elev. 1200 m, 20 ° 28 ′ 44.06 ” N, 105 ° 05 ′ 28.29 ” E, 16 October 2014, Zhang L. B. et al. 7111 (VNMN!, CDBI!, MO!); Lam Dong Province: Bidoup- Nuiba National Park, by stream near Hon Giao Station, elev. 1750 - 1800 m, 18 October 2015, Zhang L. B. et al. 8493 (PHH, CDBI!). Notes: — Similar to Arachniodes libingii, A. vietnamensis could easily be identified as A. chinensis. However, in addition to their relative distant phylogenetic relationships (Lu et al. 2019 a), A. vietnamensis differs from A. chinensis in having more pairs of pinnae, lanceolate to narrowly oblong pinnules, and lobed pinnules of lower pinnae (Fig. 3). Generally, Arachniodes chinensis, A. libingii and A. vietnamensis are different from each other in lamina shape, number of pinnae, and the shape of lamina apices (Fig. 3), and can be distinguished following the below dichotomous key: 1. Laminae deltoid-oblong, apices abruptly acuminate-caudate, pinnae 6 to 8 pairs ............................................................. A. libingii -. Laminae ovate or ovate-deltoid, apices gradually acuminate, pinnae 2 to 7 pairs ............................................................................. 2 2. Laminae deltoid-ovate, pinnae 2 to 4 pairs, basal most pinnae often with one pair of pinnules elongate, pinnules broad oblong, shallowly lobed ................................................................................................................................................................ A. chinensis -. Laminae ovate, pinnae 5 to 7 pairs, basal most pinnae often with two pairs of pinnules elongated, pinnules lanceolate to narrowly oblong, deeply lobed .................................................................................................................................................. A. vietnamensis	en	Lu, Ngan Thi, Nguyen, Linh Phuong, Le, Chi Toan, Nguyen, Thanh Trung, Zhang, Liang (2021): Arachniodes libingii sp. nov. and A. vietnamensis sp. nov. (Dryopteridaceae), two new ferns from southern China and central Vietnam. Phytotaxa 522 (3): 256-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.522.3.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.522.3.9
