identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03DBB676D317DF5FFBFC5633FED5FE85.text	03DBB676D317DF5FFBFC5633FED5FE85.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Arachniodes libingii Liang Zhang, N. T. Lu	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Arachniodes libingii Liang Zhang, N.T.Lu &amp; T.T.Thanh,  sp. nov. , Fig. 1. </p>
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                  Type: — CHINA. Hainan Province:  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.689964/lat 18.90158)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.689964&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.90158">Wuzhishan</a>
                 , elev. 1050 m, 18°54′5.69”N, 109°41′23.87”E, in broad-leaved evergreen forests, 14 December 2012, Liang Zhang 1621 (holotype CDBI!, isotype CDBI!)  . 
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            <p> Diagnosis: This species is most similar to  Arachniodes chinensis (Fig. 3: A, D) in having short creeping rhizomes, scales on basal stipes blackish brown, scales on fronds dense, black, appressed, and subulate, laminae 2-pinnate, and indusia entire, but the former has deltoid-oblong laminae and longer (up to 18 cm) caudate apices (vs. deltoid-ovate laminae and shorter caudate apices in the latter), and up to 8 pairs of pinnae (vs. often 2–4 pairs in the latter). </p>
            <p>Plant 57–67 cm high. Roots 7–9, 1– 9 cm × 0.2–0.5 mm. Rhizome short-creeping, 6.0 × 0.9 cm; densely scaly, brown when young, dark brown when mature, narrow filiform-lanceolate, 4–7 × 0.2–0.5 mm, entire. Stipes stramineous to brown, 27–30 cm × 2.5 mm; base densely scaly, dark brown, subulate, lanceolate, 4–11 × 0.1–0.9 mm, entire, apex shortly tortuous; upward densely scaly, scales appressed, black, subulate, 1.3–2.8 × 0.2 mm. Lamina 2- pinnatepinnatifid, dull green when dried, deltoid-oblong, papery, base acute or broad obtuse, apex abruptly acuminate to long caudate, up to 18 cm long; rachis 1.2–1.8 mm in diam., rachises and axes with dense scales abaxially and adaxially, scales appressed, subulate, similar to scales on distal stipes but smaller; pinnae 6 to 8 pairs, lowest pinnae deltoid, basal basiscopic ones slightly longer or elongated, upper pinnae lanceolate, 5.5–20 × 1.3–3.6 cm, base acute or obtuse, apex long, narrowly acuminate; pinnules 7–22 pairs, alternate, shortly stalked to sessile, oblong, 0.7–2.6 × 0.3–0.7 cm, with brown microscales abaxially, scales 0.2–0.5 mm, glabrous adaxially, base auricle, acute, apex acute or obtuse, aristate. Sori small, 0.7–1.5 mm, terminal on veinlets, 1–13 pairs per ultimate segment, medial between margins and mid-veins, fugacious; sporangia dark brown; indusia ca. 0.5 mm in diam., brown, membranous or thickly membranous, entire; spores unseen.</p>
            <p> Etymology:— The specific epithet,  libingii , is in honor of Dr. Li-Bing Zhang, a botanist based at Missouri Botanical Garden, USA, for his great contributions to pteridology of China and worldwide. He was also one of the thesis advisors of both N.T.L. and L.Z. </p>
            <p> Geographical distribution:— The new species currently occurs in Hainan and Guangdong, the two southernmost provinces of China. It is possible that  Arachniodes libingii also occurs in other provinces of southern China. </p>
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                 Additional material examined:—   CHINA. Guangdong Province:  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.42018/lat 25.043718)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.42018&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.043718">Lianzhou</a>
                 , elev. 255 m, 25°2′37.39"N, 112°25′12.65"E, 27 September 2010, Liang Zhang 1199 (CDBI!)  ;   Hainan Province: Qiongzhong,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.71667/lat 18.933332)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.71667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.933332">Tiedingling</a>
                 , elev. 1100 m, 18°56′N, 109°43′E, 26 May 2002, Dong S. Y. 647 (PE!);   
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.666664/lat 18.866667)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.666664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.866667">Wuzhishan</a>
                 , elev. 1400 m, 18°53′N, 109°41′E, 17 December 2004, Wuzhishan Fern Survey 116 (PE!);  Wuzhishan, elev. 960 m, 18°52′N, 109°40′E, 22 December 2004, Wuzhishan Fern Survey 243 (PE!) . 
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            <p> Notes:—  Arachniodes libingii could be confused with  A. chinensis and  A. yaoshanensis due to their morphological similarities. Comparing to the two species,  A. libingii differs from  A. chinensis in having more pairs of pinnae and lamina apices abruptly acuminate to long caudate (Fig. 3: A, B), and differs from  A. yaoshanensis in having ovate-oblong laminae, rhombic-oblong pinnules, and densely black scales on rachis and petioles. Our previously phylogenetic analysis found somewhat distant relationships among the three species, with  A. libingii being resolved in the Vietnamensis Group of the  Arachniodes Clade,  A. chinensis in the SC (  Simplicior -  Chinensis ) Group of the  Arachniodes Clade, and  A. yaoshanensis in the  Assamicae Clade (Lu et al. 2019a). The most closely related species to  A. libingii is an unknown species from Japan and Taiwan Island. They together formed a lineage resolved as sister to  A. vietnamensis . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBB676D317DF5FFBFC5633FED5FE85	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lu, Ngan Thi;Nguyen, Linh Phuong;Le, Chi Toan;Nguyen, Thanh Trung;Zhang, Liang	Lu, Ngan Thi, Nguyen, Linh Phuong, Le, Chi Toan, Nguyen, Thanh Trung, Zhang, Liang (2021): Arachniodes libingii sp. nov. and A. vietnamensis sp. nov. (Dryopteridaceae), two new ferns from southern China and central Vietnam. Phytotaxa 522 (3): 256-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.522.3.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.522.3.9
03DBB676D312DF5EFBFC5469FA41FAD7.text	03DBB676D312DF5EFBFC5469FA41FAD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Arachniodes vietnamensis Liang Zhang, N. T. Lu & T. T. Nguyen 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Arachniodes vietnamensis Liang Zhang, N.T.Lu &amp; T.T.Nguyen ,  sp. nov. , Fig. 2. </p>
            <p>  Type: — VIETNAM. Lam Dong Province: Bidoup-Nuiba National park, by stream near K'long  Lanh Station , elev. 1600 m,  Li-Bing Zhang et al. 8602 (holotype PHH!, isotypes CDBI!, MO)  . </p>
            <p> Diagnosis: — The new species is most similar to  Arachniodes chinensis in having dense, black, appressed, and subulate scales on rachis, laminae more or less ovate, apices gradually acuminate, and lateral pinnae lanceolate. Compared to  A. chinensis , the new species has laminae shortly ovate (vs. ovate-deltoid), 5 to 7 pairs of pinnae (vs. often 2–4 pairs in the later), pinnules lanceolate to narrowly oblong with deep lobes (vs. pinnules broadly oblong, slightly lobed or unlobed in the later), often two pairs of basiscopic pinnules of basal most pinnae elongated (vs. one pair in the latter). </p>
            <p>Plant 56–65 cm high. Rhizome short-creeping. Stipe in similar length as lamina, ca. 29 cm, 2.5 mm in diam., densely scaly, scales blackish brown, linear-lanceolate or subulate 8.5–11 × 1.3–1.5 mm, slightly dentate or denticulate, upwards with appressed filiform scales. Lamina 2-pinnate or 3-pinnate, dark brown or dull green when dried, shortly ovate, 25–29 × 14–21 cm, papery, base cordate, apex caudate, up to 17 cm long, rachis scales as those on distal portion of stipe. Pinnae 5–7 pairs, 0.7–3.5 cm apart, deltoid-lanceolate or lanceolate, 4.5–14.5 × 1.3–5.5 cm, alternate, or lower 1(or 2) pairs sometimes opposite, shortly stalked, to 0.4 cm, those of upper pinnae subsessile; basal most pinnae deltoid-lanceolate, 12–14.5 × 4–5.5 cm, two basiscopic pinnules elongated to 3.5 cm, base acute; pinnules ca. 18 pairs, shortly stalked to 0.1 cm, or sessile, lanceolate or narrowly oblong, 0.5–1.8 × 0.3–0.6 cm, gradually shortened, base cuneate, apex acute or obtuse, deeply lobed, margin aristate; axes and veins of ultimate segments with brown microscales abaxially. Sori terminal on veinlets, 0.8–1.2 mm, 1 – 7 pairs per ultimate segment, medial between midveins and margins; indusia 0.6–1.0 mm in diam., dark brown, firmly membranous to thick, subentire to sparsely ciliate; spores ellipsoid, 28.6–47 µm in diam., compressed folds, sparsely echinulate, perforate.</p>
            <p> Etymology:— The specific epithet,  vietnamensis , is derived from the name of the country where the new species was discovered, Vietnam. </p>
            <p> Geographical distribution:—   So far, the new species has been found in four provinces of Vietnam, including Quang Binh Province, Quang Tri Province and Thanh Hoa Province in central Vietnam, and Lam Dong Province in the  Central Highlands . </p>
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                 Additional material examined:—   VIETNAM. Quang Binh Province: Bo Trach district, Phong Nha-Ke  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.384995/lat 17.458334)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.384995&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.458334">Bang National Park</a>
                 , scattered on rather wet places in slightly logged broad-leaved forest, elev. ca. 650 m, 17°27'30"N, 106°23'06"E, 7 December 2004, Wu S. K  .   et al. wp-904 (KUN!);  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.3775/lat 17.476667)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.3775&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.476667">Bo Trach district</a>
                 , in slightly logged broad-leaved forest, elev. ca. 800-900 m, 17°28'36"N, 106°22'39"E, 11 December 2004, Wu S. K  . et al. wp-1065 (KUN!);   Quang Tri Province: Huong Hoa District, Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve, Huong Phung Commune, Chênh Vênh villige, along  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.598755/lat 16.803349)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.598755&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.803349">Sa Mù</a>
                 stream, elev. 1300 m, 16°48'12.06"N, 106°35'55.52"E, 19 November 2014, Zhang L. B  . et al. 7575 (VNMN!, CDBI!);   Thanh Hoa Province: Pu Luong Nature Reserve,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.091194/lat 20.478907)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.091194&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.478907">Mt. Pu Luong</a>
                 , elev. 1200 m, 20°28′44.06”N, 105°05′28.29”E, 16 October 2014, Zhang L. B  . et al. 7111 (VNMN!, CDBI!, MO!);   Lam Dong Province: Bidoup- Nuiba National Park, by stream near  Hon Giao Station , elev. 1750-1800 m, 18 October 2015, Zhang L. B  . et al. 8493 (PHH, CDBI!). 
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            <p> Notes:— Similar to  Arachniodes libingii ,  A. vietnamensis could easily be identified as  A. chinensis . However, in addition to their relative distant phylogenetic relationships (Lu et al. 2019a),  A. vietnamensis differs from  A. chinensis in having more pairs of pinnae, lanceolate to narrowly oblong pinnules, and lobed pinnules of lower pinnae (Fig. 3). </p>
            <p> Generally,  Arachniodes chinensis ,  A. libingii and  A. vietnamensis are different from each other in lamina shape, number of pinnae, and the shape of lamina apices (Fig. 3), and can be distinguished following the below dichotomous key: </p>
            <p> 1. Laminae deltoid-oblong, apices abruptly acuminate-caudate, pinnae 6 to 8 pairs.............................................................  A. libingii</p>
            <p>-. Laminae ovate or ovate-deltoid, apices gradually acuminate, pinnae 2 to 7 pairs.............................................................................2</p>
            <p> 2. Laminae deltoid-ovate, pinnae 2 to 4 pairs, basal most pinnae often with one pair of pinnules elongate, pinnules broad oblong, shallowly lobed................................................................................................................................................................  A. chinensis</p>
            <p> -. Laminae ovate, pinnae 5 to 7 pairs, basal most pinnae often with two pairs of pinnules elongated, pinnules lanceolate to narrowly oblong, deeply lobed ..................................................................................................................................................  A. vietnamensis</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBB676D312DF5EFBFC5469FA41FAD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lu, Ngan Thi;Nguyen, Linh Phuong;Le, Chi Toan;Nguyen, Thanh Trung;Zhang, Liang	Lu, Ngan Thi, Nguyen, Linh Phuong, Le, Chi Toan, Nguyen, Thanh Trung, Zhang, Liang (2021): Arachniodes libingii sp. nov. and A. vietnamensis sp. nov. (Dryopteridaceae), two new ferns from southern China and central Vietnam. Phytotaxa 522 (3): 256-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.522.3.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.522.3.9
