identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03A5941BFFF8FF9A89F7937E9B8BEA1D.text	03A5941BFFF8FF9A89F7937E9B8BEA1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neoperla sinensis Chu 1928	<div><p>Neoperla sinensis species subgroup</p> <p>Diagnostic characters. This subgroup can be characterized by aedeagal sac with a pair of apical sclerites in males.</p> <p>Remarks. Most of the included species also have the following characters: 1) head with subquadrate interocellar marking and dark femorotibial joint; 2) tergum 7 with additional paired medial processes besides the usual posterior process; 3) the sac forming a basal loop (its presence sometimes depending on the strength of press/soaked time in alkaline solution during eversion); 4) hemitergal process with a wider base. These facultative characters assist much in the recognition of this subgroup.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A5941BFFF8FF9A89F7937E9B8BEA1D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Li, Weihai;Yan, Yanhua	Li, Weihai, Yan, Yanhua (2021): Two new species and a new synonym of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from China, with proposal of a new species group. Zootaxa 5047 (4): 431-443, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5047.4.3
03A5941BFFF8FF9889F796EF9A3BEFF2.text	03A5941BFFF8FF9889F796EF9A3BEFF2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neoperla jiangae Li & Yan 2021	<div><p>Neoperla jiangae sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs. 1–2, 5a, 5b)</p> <p>Adult habitus. (Fig. 1). General body color brownish with head and legs with darker pigmented areas. Distance between posterior ocelli wider than diameter of the one ocellus. Head slightly wider than pronotum, mostly pale brownish except for two black markings: a quadrate interocellar marking and a subtriangular patch between frons and M-line (Fig. 1a); compound eye black; antenna brown. Pronotum brown, posterolateral portion pale brown (Fig. 1a); wing membrane subhyaline with brown veins; all legs pale brown, femora and tibiae having adjacent dark brown pigmented areas, tarsi black. Abdomen brownish, terminalia dark brown.</p> <p>Male. Forewing length 14.2 mm. Tergum 7 with a pair of sclerotized, nipple-shaped anteromedial processes and posteromedial, raised process with small sensilla basiconica (Figs. 1b &amp; 1c). Tergum 8 with T-shaped anterior medial sclerite forming an upright finger-like, elongate process that curves anteriorly. The process fringed with small spines laterally and distally (Fig. 1c). Tergum 9 with patches of long hairs. Hemitergal process of tergum 10 generally finger-shaped, slightly wider at base and tapering at apex (Fig. 1b), and the lateral margins slightly curved in lateral aspect (Fig. 1c).</p> <p>Aedeagus (Figs. 2, 5a, 5b). Aedeagal tube slightly curved ventrally, dorsal surface sclerotized with sculpturing in distal portion. Aedeagal sac distinctly curved with S-shaped outline (Fig. 2a). Aedeagal sac about 1.5X as long as tube, basal one fourth forming a right angle with tube; a cluster of small brownish spines occurs at basal half (Fig. 2c) and larger hook-like spines present on distal half, the large armatures consist of a ventral row of hooks for most distal length, and 2–3 rows of lateral hooks at apical fourth extending to dorsal surface at apex (Fig. 3b); a pair of apical sclerites not everted, which resemble paired flagella (Fig. 5b).</p> <p>Female. Unknown.</p> <p>Type material. Holotype: male (HIST), China: Shaanxi Province, Ningqiang County, Qingmuchuan Town, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.5625&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.8296" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.5625/lat 32.8296)">Qingmuchuan National Nature Reserve</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.5625&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.8296" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.5625/lat 32.8296)">Qingmuchuan Protection Station</a>, black light trap, 32.8296° N, 105.5625° E, 669 m, 2018.IV.23, Chunyan Jiang.</p> <p>Etymology. The species is named after Dr. Chunyan Jiang who collected the holotype.</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality, Shaanxi Province of China.</p> <p>Remarks. The new species belongs to an unrecognized subgroup of the Neoperla montivaga group defined above: Neoperla sinensis species subgroup. Male of the Neoperla jiangae n. sp. can be easily distinguished from other members of the group by the S-shaped aedeagal sac.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A5941BFFF8FF9889F796EF9A3BEFF2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Li, Weihai;Yan, Yanhua	Li, Weihai, Yan, Yanhua (2021): Two new species and a new synonym of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from China, with proposal of a new species group. Zootaxa 5047 (4): 431-443, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5047.4.3
03A5941BFFFDFF9289F792CE9A59E93D.text	03A5941BFFFDFF9289F792CE9A59E93D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neoperla jiaoxihe Li & Yan 2021	<div><p>Neoperla jiaoxihe sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs. 3–4, 5c)</p> <p>Adult habitus. (Figs. 4, 5c). Brown species with darker head pattern (Fig. 5c): head a darker brown subtriangular marking forward of M-line, interocellar area dark brown (Figs. 4a, 5c). Distance between ocelli subequal to width of one ocellus. Compound eye black, antennae dark brown (Fig. 4c); palpi brown. Pronotum generally brown, with pale brown area between lateral margin and paramedial rugosities, and darker stripe at midline (Fig. 4a); wing subhyaline, veins brown. All legs brownish with knees only slightly darker (Fig. 4c). Cercus brownish (Fig. 4b).</p> <p>Male. (Figs. 3–4). Forewing length 12.6 mm. Process of tergum 7 a broadly rounded, sclerotized lobe with two patches of dense sensilla basiconica separated medially (Fig. 3b). Tergum 8 medially with a tongue-shaped process covered with several spines on the anterior surface (Figs. 3b, 3c). Tergum 9 depressed medially. Hemitergal process of tergum 10 finger-like, slightly curved laterally at middle and medially near apex (Fig. 3b).</p> <p>Aedeagus (Fig. 4). Aedeagal tube with sclerotized dorsal surface and completely sclerotized apex, the sclerotized surface mostly covered with punctuations (Figs. 3a, 3c, 3d). Aedeagal sac 1.5X tube length, ventral surface of basal half covered by dense small spines, larger hooks arranged into two narrowly separated patches of ca. 10–12 spines and a subapical ring of ca. 12 large hooks and several smaller ventral spines (Figs. 4c–4e); a pair of apical sclerites successfully everted: in lateral aspect paired overlapping triangular sclerites (Fig. 4a), but in ventral view a pair of medially separated, subrectangular sclerites (Figs. 4d–4e).</p> <p>Female. Unknown.</p> <p>Type material. Holotype: male (HIST), China: Shaanxi, Foping County, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.9831&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.5227" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.9831/lat 33.5227)">Jiaoxihe River</a>, 33.5227° N, 107.9831° E, 836 m, 2021.VI.7, Weihai Li.</p> <p>Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the type locality, Jiaoxihe River.</p> <p>Distribution. This species is only known from the type locality, which is located in the south slope of Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province. The holotype was collected from the handrail of Jiaoxihe bridge located in the center of the county. The river is about 50 meters wide, and the riverbed is stony with sparse grass and small trees. The flow is decreased at the type locality because of an artificial dam for tourism.</p> <p>Diagnosis and remarks. The armature of the aedeagal sac includes paired apical sclerites, this and the head pattern suggest membership in the N. sinensis subgroup. It is most similar to N. bilineata Wu &amp; Claassen, 1934, from Sichuan and N. nigromarginata Li &amp; Zhang, 2014, of Henan. However, it lacks the paired paramedial processes of tergum 7 present in those two species. We tentatively assign this species the N. sinensis subgroup on the basis of the apical paired aedeagal sclerites and head pattern.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A5941BFFFDFF9289F792CE9A59E93D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Li, Weihai;Yan, Yanhua	Li, Weihai, Yan, Yanhua (2021): Two new species and a new synonym of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from China, with proposal of a new species group. Zootaxa 5047 (4): 431-443, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5047.4.3
03A5941BFFF0FF9289F793CB9A00EC56.text	03A5941BFFF0FF9289F793CB9A00EC56.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neoperla bicornua Wu 1973	<div><p>Neoperla bicornua Wu, 1973</p> <p>(Figs. 6–7)</p> <p>Neoperla flagellata Li &amp; Murányi, 2012. In: Li et al. 2012b:15 (original description of male); Li et al. 2014: 36 (record from Henan Province, female and vagina description); Yang &amp; Li, 2018:39 (catalogue). syn. nov.</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype: male (IZCAS), China: Sichuan Province, Emeishan, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.4428&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.5679" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.4428/lat 29.5679)">Baoguo</a> temple, 550–750 m, 29.5679° N, 103.4428° E, 1957.IV.27, Youcai Lu. Paratype: 1 female (allotype, IZCAS), same locality and data as holotype. 4 males and 2 females, Hubei Province, Xuan’en County, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.5826&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.9746" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.5826/lat 29.9746)">Mahuping village</a>, 509 m, 2016.V.5, 29.9746° N, 109.5826° E, Jian Yao.</p> <p>Distribution. China, Hunan, Guangdong, Henan, Sichuan and Zhejiang provinces.</p> <p>Remarks. The holotype is in poor condition and the sac was not successfully everted, but terminal segments and color pattern of the above males are nearly identical to Figs. 6a–c of the present study. The female subgenital plates of the Hunan population agree well with the paratype (compare Figs. 6h–i and Fig. 6g). The color of lateral pronotal margins in Hunan males displaying heavier pigmentation than found in Sichuan and Guangdong ones (compare Fig. 6c, Figs. 6a–b, f, and fig. 1 in Li et al. 2012b) and the sac of Hunan males show more tiny spines in the basal half. We consider these differences as geographic variation (compare Fig. 7, and figs. 5–9 in Li et al. 2012b, fig. 5c in Li et al. 2013a). Therefore, we place Neoperla flagellata Li &amp; Murányi, 2012 (in Li et al. 2012b) as a junior subjective synonym of N. bicornua Wu, 1973.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A5941BFFF0FF9289F793CB9A00EC56	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Li, Weihai;Yan, Yanhua	Li, Weihai, Yan, Yanhua (2021): Two new species and a new synonym of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from China, with proposal of a new species group. Zootaxa 5047 (4): 431-443, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5047.4.3
