identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03BD87E5FFC1FFF726DBFBCEAC75BDD5.text	03BD87E5FFC1FFF726DBFBCEAC75BDD5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Andricus flavus Pujade-Villar & Wang & Guo & Chen 2014	<div><p>3.1 Andricus flavus sp. nov. (Figs 1–11)</p> <p>Holotype ♀, deposited in ZAFU, China, Zhejiang, Tianmushan (119°27′E, 30°19′N), 8 May 2010, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=119.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.316668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 119.45/lat 30.316668)">Rui Guo</a>, collected from gall reared in lab. Paratype 1♀, deposited in UB with same label as holotype.</p> <p>Description. Length: female 1.6 mm; male unknown.</p> <p>Color. Head dark yellow, except for mandibles blackish brown apically (teeth); antennae yellowish; mesosoma chestnut with some areas darker; legs yellowish, with fore tibia brown dorsally; metasoma dark red dorsally; hypopygium pale yellow. Wing veins brown.</p> <p>Head (Figs 1–2). Head trapezoidal in front view, coriaceous bellow toruli, with sparse white setae, 2.4 times broader than long from dorsal view, 1.4 times broader than high and slightly narrower than mesosoma in front view. Gena delicately coriaceous, slightly broadened behind eye. Malar space coriaceous, with dense setae and without irradiating striae, 0.3 times as long as height of eye. POL: OOL: LOL = 5.5: 3.0: 3.0 and lateral ocellus 2. Diameter of antennal toruli 0.3 times larger than distance between them, distance between torulus and inner margin of eye 0.6 times diameter of torulus; lower face coriaceous, with evenly dense white setation. Transfacial line equal to height of eye. Clypeus trapezoid, wider than high, emarginate, without median incision ventrally, glabrous; anterior tentorial pit deep and large, the epistomal sulcus and clypeo-pleurostomal line distinctly deep. Frons alutaceous and shinning, with sparse white setae medially and dense laterally; interocellar area weakly rugosed and with sparse white setae. Vertex and occiput uniformly coriaceous.</p> <p>Antenna (Fig. 7). Antenna with 14 segments, slightly longer than mesosoma; F1 1.3 times as long as F2, and 1.4 times as long as pedicel; F2 and following segments similar in length. Antennal formula: 4.0: 2.8: 4.0: 3.0: 3.0: 3.0: 3.0: 3.0: 3.0: 3.0: 2.8: 2.8: 2.5: 3.0. Placodela sensillas present from F2.</p> <p>Mesosoma (Figs 2–4, 8). Mesosoma strongly convex, with long white setae. Pronotum coriaceous, with dense white setae, laterally with distinctly transversal striate and dense white setae. Mesonotum smooth and shiny, anteriorly coarsely coriaceous around notauli except for notauli rugosed, with sparse long setae and denser along notauli. Notauli complete, deeply impressed and wide, strongly converging at posterior end; anterior parallel lines inconspicuous but visible, extending to 1/2 of entirely length of mesosoma; parapsidal lines defined, narrow and reaching the tegula level; median mesoscutal line absent. Mesoscutellum rounded, broader in posterior 3/4, longer than broad, overhanging metanotum very slightly, uniformly dull, rugose, with irregular strong rugae, areas between rugae alutaceous and shiny; scutellar foveae slightly ovate, transverse, occupying 1/4 of length of mesoscutellum, separated by a median carina, bottom smooth; mesopleuron smooth and shinning, with sparse setae dorsally and ventrally. Metapleural sulcus reaching mesopleuron in the upper around 4/5 of entirely mesopleuron height, area delimited by the inferior and superior parts of metapleural sulcus, with dense white setae; lateral propodeal carinae distinct, divergent in the anterior part but curved outwards in posterior third, rugose inside; lateral propodeal area alutaceous to smooth and shiny, with dense, long and white setae.</p> <p>© Zoological Systematics, 39(3): 417–423</p> <p>© Zoological Systematics, 39(3): 417–423</p> <p>Legs. Tarsal claws with basal lobe.</p> <p>Forewing (Fig. 5). Forewing longer than body, hyaline, with short and dense ciliation along margin, radial cell around 3.2 times as long as its maximum width; vein R 1 nearly straight, vein Rs not reaching wing margin and for a short distance following margin; areolet inconspicuous, small, triangular and closed. Vein 2r weakly curved. Vein Rs+M short and only visible basally.</p> <p>Metasoma (Fig. 6). Metasoma slightly shorter than head+mesosoma, distinctly longer than its high in lateral view; 2nd metasomal tergite occupying to 1/3 of entirely metasoma in dorsal view, with sparse setae laterally in the anterior part, smooth and shiny all subsequent tergites punctured dorsally. Ventral spine of hypopygium very long, prominent part 3.2 times longer than broad, with some white subapical setae not extending beyond apex of spine, with dense long setae ventrally.</p> <p>Gall (Figs 9–11). Individual galls, approximately spherical, usually locate on the underside of leaves. They are independent never in clusters. The young gall is juicy and freshly green, covered with small raised tubercles on the surface. With the gall development, it becomes brown or grey with a tough woody wall, and reaches approximately 2.0–3.0mm in diameter. The gall turns dry and dark brown when mature. The mature gall contains outer gall tissues and inner, fully larval chambers. The interior space contains about 4-5 larval chambers with 0.5–0.7 mm in diameter.</p> <p>Biology. Only the sexual generation is known, inducing twigs galls on Quercus fabri Hance. Galls appear on the host plant from early April. Mature galls were collected in early May, adults emerging immediately after the galls were collected.</p> <p>Distribution. China: Zhejiang (Tianmushan).</p> <p>Etymology. The name is related with its body color.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Andricus flavus sp. nov. morphologically resembles A. xishuangbannaus Melika &amp; Tang from China, A. moriokae Monzen from Japan, and A. formosanus Tang &amp; Melika, A. pseudocurvator Tang &amp; Melika and A. songshui Tang &amp; Melika from Taiwan. In A. flavus sp. nov. the female has 12 flagellomeres as A. formosanus and A. xishuangbannaus (11 flagellomeres in the other species, sometimes with a indistinct suture in F 11 in A. pseudocurvator), flagellomeres with dense white setae as A. formosanus (with few sparse short white setae in the rest of species), 2nd metasomal tergite with very few setae antero-laterally as A. moriokae (2nd metasomal tergite with numerous setae antero-laterally in others), the forewing without areolet as A. moriokae (with a distinct areolet in others), the ventral spine of the hypopygium around 3 times as long as wide as A. formosanus (shorter in A. moriokae and longer in A. xishuangbannaus, A. pseudocurvator and A.songshui). However, the new species differs of all mentioned species on color (dark yellow in A. flavus sp. nov. but dark brown to black in others), and in sculpture of mesoscutum smooth and shiny, anteriorly coarsely coriaceous around notauli in Andricus flavus sp. nov. (alutaceous to smooth, especially in between notauli, shining in A. xishuangbannaus, A. formosanus and A. pseudocurvator; and uniformly sculptured in A. moriokae and A.songshui). Both Chinese species also differs in anterior parallel and parapsidal mesoscutal lines (present in A. flavus sp. nov. absent in A. xishuangbannaus), radial cell (around 3 times as long as broad in A. flavus sp. nov., 4 times in A. xishuangbannaus), in prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium (around 3.0 times longer than broad in A. flavus sp. nov., 4 times in A. xishuangbannaus) and in host (Q. fabri in A. flavus sp. nov., Q. griffithii in A. xishuangbannaus).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD87E5FFC1FFF726DBFBCEAC75BDD5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pujade-Villar, Juli;Wang, Yi-Ping;Guo, Rui;Chen, Xue-Xin	Pujade-Villar, Juli, Wang, Yi-Ping, Guo, Rui, Chen, Xue-Xin (2014): New species of gallwasps inducing in Quercus fabri and its inquiline (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in China. Zoological Systematics 39 (3): 417-423, DOI: 10.11865/zs20140308, URL: http://zoobank.org/7629cd81-d26f-49bc-aa34-757a9290e0a3
03BD87E5FFC3FFF126DBF970ADD1BC61.text	03BD87E5FFC3FFF126DBF970ADD1BC61.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Saphonecrus fabris Pujade-Villar & Wang & Guo & Chen 2014	<div><p>3.2 Saphonecrus fabris sp. nov. (Figs 12–19)</p> <p>Holotype ♀, deposited in ZAFU, China, Zhejiang, Tianmushan (119°27′E, 30°19′N), 31 October 2011, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=119.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.316668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 119.45/lat 30.316668)">Rui Guo</a>. Paratypes 5♀, same data as holotype (1♀ desposited in UB).</p> <p>Description. Length: female 1.2–1.5 mm; male unknown.</p> <p>Color. Head and mesosoma chesnut, darker in some areas; mandibles brownish red with dark brown tips, maxillae and labium yellow; antennae and legs yellowish; metasoma dark red, chestnut collar around the distal part of the petiole; hypopygium pale red. Wing veins pale yellow.</p> <p>© Zoological Systematics, 39(3): 417–423</p> <p>© Zoological Systematics, 39(3): 417–423</p> <p>Head (Figs 12–14). Subquadrate in frontal view, around 1.1 times as broad as high and slightly broader as mesosoma, with sparse short white setae. Gena alutaceous and shiny, not broadened behind compound eye. Clypeus inconspicuous, anterior tentorial pits distinct but small; epistomal sulcus and clypeo-pleurostomal lines indistinct. Lower face shiny, with delicate carinae radiating from clypeus, reaching ventral margin of eye and antennal socket. Transfacial 1.15 times as long as height of eye. Malar space 0.8 times as long as height of compound eye. Distance between inner margin of compound eye and antennal socket equal to diameter of antennal socket. Head in dorsal view 2.3 times as wide as long. POL: OOL: LOL=5: 3: 2, diameter of lateral ocellus 1.25. Frons vertex and occipud uniformly alutaceous and shiny, frontal carinae absent.</p> <p>Antenna (Fig. 18). Antenna 13-segmented, pedicel nearly 2.0 times as long as its broad; F1 1.2 times as long as F2, 1.5 times as long as pedicel; F3 to F5 equals in length, F4 and followings broader than first fagellomeres segments; F11 around 2.0 times as long as F10. The antennal formula: 19: 14: 24: 18: 19: 19: 18: 17: 16: 15: 15: 14: 26. Placodea sensillas present from F4.</p> <p>Mesosoma (Figs 14, 17). Mesosoma 1.1 times as long as high in lateral view uniformly pubescent with short white setae. Pronotum coriaceous dorsally, with some carinae laterally; pronotal carina present. Mesoscutum nearly as long as broad in dorsal view, with weakly interrupted transversal rugae, interspaces between rugae coriaceous. Notauli complete, wide and deep, slightly broader posteriorly and narrowed down anteriorly; anterior parallel line, median mesoscutal line and parapsidal lines absent. Mesopleuron shiny with conspicuous transverse striate. Scutellum slightly wider than long, rugose; scutellar foveae superficial, bottom shiny and smooth, separated by a carina. Metapleural sulcus reaching mesopleuron in upper 4/5 of its height. Propodeum pubescent, alutaceous and shiny; lateral propodeal carinae straight, slightly convergent inferiorly; central propodeal area alutaceous, with short white setae.</p> <p>Legs (Fig. 19). Tarsal claws simple and without basal lobe.</p> <p>Forewing (Fig. 16). Forewing margin ciliated; radial cell opened, 2.7–2.8 times as long as wide; areolet inconspicuous; Rs vein only lightly curved apically, not reaching the margin wing as vein R 1; vein R 1+Sc hardly interrupted before reaching basal vein.</p> <p>Metasoma (Fig. 15). As long as head+mesosoma, longer than high in lateral view. The fused metasomal tergites second and third with short white setae antero-laterally, without punctuate apically and very slightly incised apically; hypopygium with very minute dense punctures, ventral ridge with short white setae, prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium short.</p> <p>Etymology. The name is related with host plant scientific name, Q. fabri.</p> <p>Distribution. China (Zhejiang).</p> <p>Biology. Obtained from leave galls induced by Andricus flavus on Q. fabri. Under the laboratory conditions, adults emerged from late September.</p> <p>Diagnosis. This new species is characterized by the following characters: malar space long, lateral frontal carinae absent, lateral pronotal carinae present, mesoscutum with distinct short irregular transverse striate, notauli percurrent, mesopleura completely carinated, radial cell longer and tarsal claws simples. Morphologically, S. fabris sp. nov. is similar to S. haymi but different from latter by having a quadrangular head, notauli percurrent and tarsal claws simples. Only three species have simple tarsal claws in this genus Saphonecrus (S. excisus (Kieffer, 1904) from India-Bengal, S. areolatus Weld, 1926 from Philippines and S. serratus Weld, 1926 from Philippines) but the pronotal carinae is absent in these species. Moreover, S. serratus has frontal carinae, S. areolatus has punctures dorso-posteriorly of metasomal terga 3 + 4 and S. excisus has the metasoma incised dorsally.</p> <p>Funding The project was supported by the Zhejiang Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (R14 C040002) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31071970), Science Foundation of Zhejiang A &amp; F University and a scholarship under the Zhejiang Association for International Exchange of Personnel.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD87E5FFC3FFF126DBF970ADD1BC61	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pujade-Villar, Juli;Wang, Yi-Ping;Guo, Rui;Chen, Xue-Xin	Pujade-Villar, Juli, Wang, Yi-Ping, Guo, Rui, Chen, Xue-Xin (2014): New species of gallwasps inducing in Quercus fabri and its inquiline (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in China. Zoological Systematics 39 (3): 417-423, DOI: 10.11865/zs20140308, URL: http://zoobank.org/7629cd81-d26f-49bc-aa34-757a9290e0a3
