identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
2E188788FFAAFFEBBB22FC18FE6794CB.text	2E188788FFAAFFEBBB22FC18FE6794CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sarata tephrella Ragonot 1893	<div><p>Sarata tephrella Ragonot</p> <p>MALE</p> <p>Diagnosis. Separated from similar species by its small size, dark thorax, pale grayish color, and absence of well­defined dorsal forewing transverse bands.</p> <p>Description (Figs. 3–5). Forewing length (base to apex): 11–16 mm. Head (Fig. 5): Antennae with small spined tuft at base of shaft; labial palpi long, slender, porrect with mosaic of pale grayish brown and dark brown scales on dorsal ridge and laterally, changing to white basally below eye; frons, collar clothed in dark brownish­black to black scales, some white­tipped, with narrow fringe of whitish scales above eyes. Body: Thorax clothed in dark brownish gray to black scales, some basally pale with dark tips; abdomen covered with pale grayish brown scales, ventrally with pale distal terminal scales on each segment; legs covered with mixture of whitish and pale grayish brown scales with suggestion of weakly defined alternating light and dark bands. Wings (Figs. 3–4): Dorsal color of forewings variable from pale gray to drab charcoal gray; maculation varies from nearly absent to a weak bicolored postmedial band, whitish distad, blackish basad, with a weak dark antemedial band, very thin and poorly defined dark terminal band; fringe with basal row of short white­tipped pale grayish brown scales and outer row of similar but longer scales; hindwings thinly scaled, uniformly pale brownish­gray with terminal line and fringe similar to forewing; ventral wings uniformly medium grayish­brown. The type of S. tephrella was described as having the dorsal forewing heavily dusted with white. Upon magnification, fresh specimens that we collected manifested overlying white scales. As the moths age during flight, the white scales slough off exposing underlying gray, brownish, and charcoal gray scales, many of which are white­tipped. Aged individuals present a rather drab charcoal gray aspect. In flight, the moths appear pale gray regardless of age. Genitalia (Figs. 7–11; 17 dissections from 5 localities). The small process located toward the base of the costa varies in size from essentially absent to that shown in Fig. 8 (arrow). Heinrich’s illustration (Fig. 405) does not show this feature, and the process was either absent, or so small that it was flattened against the costa and rendered invisible when the slide was prepared. The vesica is armed with a large, hollow, and robust spine and a small distorted crescentic chitinous piece, which is variable in size, shape, and degree of chitinization. Figs. 9–10 illustrate variation in the aedoeagus. Fig. 11 shows the everted vesica. The robust spine is seated at the base of the funnel­shaped end of a diverticulum that has a stiff membrane; further eversion cannot be obtained by pulling on the spine. There is a large scobinate patch on the surface of the vesica (double arrows Figs. 10–11). The eighth abdominal segment and ventrolateral tufts of the specimens dissected agreed with Heinrich’s drawings (Fig. 405b). Based on the illustrations in Heinrich, the male genitalia of tephrella and rubrithoracella (Barnes &amp; McDunnough) are very similar. The latter species, however, is reported to have a rufous­ochreous shading on the thorax, while the thorax of tephrella is very dark brownish gray to nearly black.</p> <p>FEMALE</p> <p>Diagnosis. Female genitalia has fine spining on corpus bursae that occupies only onequarter or less rather than the anterolateral half as in epsilon Heinrich, and of different shape and broader extent than in delta Heinrich.</p> <p>Description (Figs. 6, 12–14). Forewing length (base to apex): 8–10 mm. Head (Fig. 6): Antennae simple; labial palpi porrect with white­tipped black scales on dorsal ridge, laterally covered with black scales with abrupt change to white scales ventrally and at base; frons, collar clothed in dark brownish­black to black scales, some white­tipped (as in males). Body: Thorax, abdomen, legs as in males. Wings (Figs. 12–13): Forewings short and stubby compared to males, with rounded outer margin; antemedial band white basad, black distad, complete postmedial black band with narrow white edging distad; two vertical black discal spots (absent in some specimens) separated by a narrow lateral band of white scales, narrow black terminal line, fringe with basal row of short white­tipped dark gray scales and outer row of long paler gray white­tipped scales, remaining wing areas covered by white­tipped blackish scales producing a dark gray aspect; hindwings uniformly medium brownish­gray with terminal line and fringe similar to forewing; ventral wings uniformly medium grayish­brown. Genitalia (Fig. 14a, b; 2 dissections). Membranous ostium bursae; simple ductus bursae, shorter than corpus bursae; corpus bursae with patch of microspines covering the fundus and about one­quarter of the anterolateral surface; ductus seminalis emerges close to middle of corpus bursae.</p> <p>Material examined: WYOMING, Albany Co., ca. 41°17.88’N, 105°31.51’W, 2285 m, 39 males taken in UV­light traps (separated about 0.45 km) approximately 2 km east of <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-105.52517&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.298" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -105.52517/lat 41.298)">Laramie</a> with early and late dates ranging from 26 March–14 May 1992 –2004; 41° 17.9’N, 105°30.4’W, 2287 m, 13.iv.2003 (1f, JSN); 41°18.50’N, 105°30.75’W, 2333 m, 13.iv.2003 (5m, JSN), 30.iii–4.iv.2004 (101m, 17f, CDF, JSN); 41°13.8’N, 105°22.6’W, 2535m, UV­light trap, JSN, 1988: 30.iv (1m), 5.v (1m); 41° 13.5’N, 105° 22.5’W, 2545 m, 23.v.2003 (4m, UV­light trap, JSN); COLORADO, Larimer Co., T[ownship] 9N, R[ange] 71W, S[ection] 4, hill S. of Lone Pine Creek, 1950 m, 30.iv.88 (1m, JSN), 11.iv.2003 (6m, UV­light trap, JSN).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2E188788FFAAFFEBBB22FC18FE6794CB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ferris, Clifford D.;Nordin, John S.	Ferris, Clifford D., Nordin, John S. (2004): Taxonomic note on Sarata tephrella Ragonot (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Pyralidae: Phycitinae). Zootaxa 569 (1): 1-7, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.569.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.569.1.1
