identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038C6215FFA6FFEEFC693DBDFCD4E45D.text	038C6215FFA6FFEEFC693DBDFCD4E45D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kahayandrilus Ohtaka & Wulandari 2016	<div><p>Kahayandrilus gen. nov.</p> <p>Type species. Kahayandrilus tundaiensis sp. nov., fixed by original designation.</p> <p>Etymology. Named Kahayandrilus, referring to that the type species is a ‘worm’ (Greek drilus) from Kahayan River basin (masculine).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Moderate sized tubificines with long and coiled vasa deferentia, ovoid atrial ampullae, and long ejaculatory ducts with uniform width. Penes soπ and thickwalled, devoid of penial sheaths, set in penial pouches. Chaetae sigmoid bifids, similar in dorsal and ventral bundles. No modified genital chaetae. No spermathecae.</p> <p>Remarks. Kahayandrilus resembles Psammoryctides Hrabě, 1964 in having small, globular to ovoid atrial ampulla, long ejaculatory duct, and large penis set in a sac. However, Psammoryctides is defined by having wide and narrow parts in the ejaculatory ducts (Hrabě 1964; Brinkhurst and Jamieson 1971; Loden 1978), while in Kahayandrilus the ejaculatory duct is uniform in width throughout the course. In addition, hair and pectinate chaetae, and spermathecal chaetae were usually present in most Psammoryctides species, while they are absent in Kahayandrilus. Psammoryctides species are distributed in western Palaearctic and Nearctic regions, far from the Oriental Southeast Asia.</p> <p>Kahayandrilus resembles certain members in the genus Aulodrilus Bretscher, 1899, for example, A. pigueti Kowalewski, 1914 and A. acutus Ohtaka and Usman, 1997, in having ovoid atrial ampulla with solid prostate gland (Ohtaka and Usman 1997). However, in Aulodrilus species ejaculatory duct is shorter than atrial length or virtually absent, being different from Kahayandrilus in which ejaculatory duct is more than three times longer than atrial length. Aulodrilus also differs from Kahayandrilus in having shorter and non-winding vas deferens and large number of chaetae with shorter upper teeth (Brinkhurst and Jamieson 1971).</p> <p>Isochaetides Hrabě, 1966 emended by Brinkhurst (1981) resembles Kahayandrilus in having only bifid chaetae and weakly developed cuticle on penis as well as long ejaculatory duct described in I. curvisetosus (Brinkhurst and Cook, 1966) (q.v.). However, most members of Isochaetides have modified spermathecal chaetae and long tubular atria (Hrabě 1966; Brinhurst 1981), both of which are absent in Kahayandrilus. Some species in Varichaetadrilus Brinkhurst and Kathman, 1983, for example, V. fulleri Brinkhurst and Kathman, 1983 and V. psammophilus (Loden, 1977) (q.v.), have only bifid chaetae as in Kahayandrilus. However, Varichaetadrilus spp. have elongate atrium and cuticular sheaths at the distal end of large erectile penes (Brinkhurst and Kathman 1983), which are absent in Kahayandrilus.</p> <p>Several genera in other naidid subfamilies (Paranadrilus, Bothrioneurum, Jolydrilus, some Bacescuella (= Aktedrilus) and some Ainudrilus) lack spermathecae as in Kahayandrilus, but they have very different male ducts and other characters.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C6215FFA6FFEEFC693DBDFCD4E45D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ohtaka, Akifumi;Wulandari, Linda	Ohtaka, Akifumi, Wulandari, Linda (2016): Description of Kahayandrilus tundaiensis gen. et sp. nov. (Annelida: Clitellata: Tubificinae) from Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Species Diversity 21 (1): 43-47, DOI: 10.12782/sd.21.1.043, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/sd.21.1.043
038C6215FFA4FFECFE993BE5FD80E2C6.text	038C6215FFA4FFECFE993BE5FD80E2C6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kahayandrilus tundaiensis Ohtaka & Wulandari 2016	<div><p>Kahayandrilus tundaiensis sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 1–2)</p> <p>Type series. Holotype. MZB Oli. 0005, a whole-mounted unstained specimen from profundal bottom of Lake Tundai, depth 6 m, 3 May 2004. Paratypes, all from the type locality: MZB Oli. 0006, a whole-mounted unstained specimen, 3 May 2004; USNM 1283362–1283363, two wholemounted unstained specimens, 21 September 2004; ICHUM 5107–5111, two whole-mounted unstained, and one sagittally and two cross sectioned specimens, stained in hematoxylin and eosin, 3 May and 21 September 2004.</p> <p>Other material. Seventeen whole-mounted, six sagittally and two cross sectioned specimens from the type locality and nearby sites in Lake Tundai, depth 3–6 m, 3 May and 21 September 2004.</p> <p>Type locality. Profundal of Lake Tundai, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia.</p> <p>Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the type locality, Lake Tundai, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia.</p> <p>Description. Body reddish in color when alive, not coiling up when stimulated. In mature and fixed state, body 13–18 mm long, 0.35–0.46 mm wide in segment VIII, and 0.50–0.63 mm in segment XI, with ventral side of XI flattened and oπen swollen laterally (Fig. 1A). Segments up to 110. Body wall naked and without pigments. No secondary annulation. Prostomium bluntly conical, 140–160 µm long and 90–120 µm wide in fixed individuals. Clitellum formed by a single layer of glandular cells 24–32 µm in height, extended from beginning of XI to the end of XII and less developed around male pores (Fig. 1A). One pair of male pores opening ventrally on the chaetal line at mid-XI (Fig. 2F).</p> <p>All chaetae bifurcated crotchets, their shape and number not different in ventral and dorsal bundles. Chaetae in preclitellar segments (Fig. 1B) 4–7 per bundle, 80–96µm long, with nodulus at 1/3 from distal end and with upper tooth longer and as thick as the lower; those in postclitellar segments (Fig. 1C) 1–3 per bundle (mostly 2 in middle segments and mostly 1 in posterior segments), 64–85 µm long, with nodulus at 1/3–1/4 from distal end and with upper tooth a little longer or slightly shorter and thinner than the lower. No intermediate teeth. In fully mature worms, both dorsal and ventral chaetae decreased to 1–3 per bundle in X and oπen entirely missing in XI. No modified genital chaetae.</p> <p>Coelomocytes not observed. Commissural blood vessels connecting dorsal and ventral vessels from I through VII, forming loops in each segment. Pharynx in II and III, with high epithelium and several clusters of glandular cells dorsally (Fig. 2A). Pharyngeal glands dorsally in IV and V. Chloragogen cells on gut from VI on. Intestine from VIII on, not abruptly widening.</p> <p>Male genitalia paired. One pair of testes in X and one pair of ovaries in XI. Sperm sac from IX to XI, containing complete sperms. Egg sac extending backwards to XIII. Sperm funnel large, 150 µm in diameter, located in ventral part of septum 10/11. Vas deferens long and coiled up, 12–16 µm wide throughout course, with lumen 6–8 µm, ciliated, entering atrium apically (Fig. 1D). Atrial ampulla ovoid, 110 µm long, maximum 80 µm wide, with thick (16–30 µm) and granulated inner epithelium and with thin (less than 3 µm) outer muscle layer (Fig. 2C). A solid prostate gland almost as large as atrium, connected with that at 1/3 of ental portion through short stalk (Figs 1D, 2B). Ejaculatory duct long (420µm long), not winding and non-glandular, almost uniform in width (14–19 µm) throughout course with lumen about 10 µm in diameter. Large penis set in deep and narrow penial pouch opening ventrally in XI (Fig. 2F). Penis conical, 110–120 µm long, 50–105 µm wide at base, with thin (1.6–3 µm) inner epithelium and with thick (10–12 µm) subepithelial layer of connective tissue staining well with eosin (Fig. 2D, E). Cuticle layer on penis a little thicker than integumentary cuticle but not forming any distinct penial sheath. None of 19 specimens examined with male ducts had completely or partially developed, nor vestigial spermathecae.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. The present species was collected from muddy bottom in Lake Tundai, an oxbow lake in Kahayan River system in Central Kalimantan. The lake water is acidic and brownish in color due to high amount of humic substances derived from a tropical bog, with the pH ranging from 3.9 to 4.6 (Ohtaka et al. 2014). The lake is 3–6 m deep, the bottom temperature ranged from 27 to 29°C and the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the bottom waters ranged from 0.7 to 1.1 mgl −1 (Ohtaka et al. 2014). Chiromonid larvae were predominant in the zoobenthos of Lake Tundai, followed by oligochaetes (Iwakuma et al. 2008). Aulophorus, Dero, Branchiura, Limnodrilus, and two more, uncertain oligochaete taxa were recorded from the lake bottom (Iwakuma et al. 2008).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C6215FFA4FFECFE993BE5FD80E2C6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ohtaka, Akifumi;Wulandari, Linda	Ohtaka, Akifumi, Wulandari, Linda (2016): Description of Kahayandrilus tundaiensis gen. et sp. nov. (Annelida: Clitellata: Tubificinae) from Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Species Diversity 21 (1): 43-47, DOI: 10.12782/sd.21.1.043, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/sd.21.1.043
