identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
0A6587FDFFBBFFF5FD95FC2AFBAB51CC.text	0A6587FDFFBBFFF5FD95FC2AFBAB51CC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Salvadora Baird & Girard 1853	<div><p>Genus Salvadora Baird &amp; Girard, 1853</p> <p>Salvadora Baird &amp; Girard, 1853: 104–105.</p> <p>Phimothyra Cope, 1861: 566.</p> <p>Type species</p> <p>Salvadora grahamiae Baird &amp; Girard, 1853.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Usually nine-plate supracephalic scaling on the head; enlarged rostral scale that intercedes between the internasals and sometimes has free edges; two nasal scales; preoculars and postoculars present; loreal scale simple or divided; smooth body scales sometimes with two apical pits; 17 rows of scales around the body on the anterior third of body and midbody; cloacal scale divided; subcaudal scales in two series; elongated head; large eyes; round pupil; long tail. Hemipenis simple with spines at the base, replaced midway by calyces that cover half the length of each organ: sulcus simple with a long basal spine. Normally from 9 to 15 maxillary teeth followed by a diastema and three enlarged teeth (9–15+ 3). Color pattern consisting of two longitudinal, dorsolateral and lateral lines on each side of the body and a pale vertebral line generally present.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>Derived from the Latin ‘ salvator ’, which means ‘savior’, and ‘ adora ’, which means ‘honor’, an explicit homage to the collector of the type species S. grahamiae, Col. J.D. Graham.</p> <p>Distribution</p> <p>Southern United States from southern California, western Nevada, Utah, to Arizona, New Mexico, to central Texas; in Mexico, the Baja California Peninsula and Sonora south to the lowlands of Chiapas and Guatemala excluding the Yucatán Peninsula.</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>The phylogenetic hypothesis and the character revision reveal that there are two groups within the genus, as previously suggested by Smith (1938, 1941): mexicana and grahamiae.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A6587FDFFBBFFF5FD95FC2AFBAB51CC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hernández-Jiménez, Carlos A.;Flores-Villela, Oscar;Aguilar-Bremauntz, Aranzazú;Campbell, Jonathan A.	Hernández-Jiménez, Carlos A., Flores-Villela, Oscar, Aguilar-Bremauntz, Aranzazú, Campbell, Jonathan A. (2021): Phylogenetic relationships based on morphological data and taxonomy of the genus Salvadora Baird & Girard, 1853 (Reptilia, Colubridae). European Journal of Taxonomy 764 (1): 85-118, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1473, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1473
0A6587FDFFB8FFF6FDE0FDA3FCFA51CD.text	0A6587FDFFB8FFF6FDE0FDA3FCFA51CD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Salvadora lemniscata (Cope 1895)	<div><p>Salvadora lemniscata (Cope, 1895)</p> <p>Fig. 3</p> <p>Drymobius lemniscatus Cope, 1895: 203.</p> <p>Drymobius (Eudryas) pulcherrimus Bocourt 1890: 725–726.</p> <p>Salvadora lemniscata – Bogert 1939b: 142.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Rostral slightly elongated and projecting toward the back; 9 supralabials, 3 supralabials in contact with the eye, the fourth, fifth and sixth; generally 12 infralabials, sometimes 11 or 13; single preocular; single loreal; prenasal separated from the second supralabial; a second pair of chinshields larger than the first one in contact with each other or separated by a row of scales; 194–206 ventrals; 128–141 subcaudals; tail is 29 to 34% of total length; 14–15+3 maxillary teeth. Color pattern consists of a pale vertebral line extending from the parietal region, and is three rows wide on the first third of the body and one row wide on the rest of the body, flanked by a pair of dark dorsolateral lines two to four scales wide, interrupted at the neck without touching the head; two dark lateral lines, sometimes slightly interrupted in the neck region or continuing toward the sides of the head, passing by the eyes to the nasal scales.</p> <p>Differs from the other species in the genus by having more maxillary teeth (14–15 +3); a single preocular scale; tail length 29 to 34% of total length; 4 longitudinal lines along the body, dorsolaterals interrupted on the neck region; 194 to 206 ventral scales.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The species name comes from the Latin ‘ lemniscatus ’, which means ‘adorned with bands’, doubtless in reference to the stripes along its body.</p> <p>Type material MEXICO • “Mexique occidental” [Western Mexico], locality uncertain, probably from Tehuantepec, Oaxaca; F. Sumichrast leg.; MNHN 1891.0260.</p> <p>Distribution and conservation</p> <p>From Acapulco in the state of Guerrero southward the Pacific coast, across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec to the coast of Chiapas, the Central Depression of the Grijalva River, and Huehuetenango, Guatemala (Fig. 3).</p> <p>Within its distribution it occurs in at least two protected natural areas. Mexican legislation has listed this species as subject to Special Protection and the IUCN has it listed as a species of Least Concern.</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>Three additional specimens examined (UTA 45840 Guatemala: Huehuetenango, 2.4 km from Nenton on Road to la Trinidad; UTA 45842 Guatemala: Huehuetenango, 0.3 km S Cuatro caminos, La Democracia- Nenton Road; UTA 45843 Guatemala Nenton, Hacienda Miramar, La Fortuna near Pozo) represent the first records of Salvadora lemniscata for Guatemala.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A6587FDFFB8FFF6FDE0FDA3FCFA51CD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hernández-Jiménez, Carlos A.;Flores-Villela, Oscar;Aguilar-Bremauntz, Aranzazú;Campbell, Jonathan A.	Hernández-Jiménez, Carlos A., Flores-Villela, Oscar, Aguilar-Bremauntz, Aranzazú, Campbell, Jonathan A. (2021): Phylogenetic relationships based on morphological data and taxonomy of the genus Salvadora Baird & Girard, 1853 (Reptilia, Colubridae). European Journal of Taxonomy 764 (1): 85-118, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1473, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1473
0A6587FDFFB8FFF6FD3DFEAEFED357ED.text	0A6587FDFFB8FFF6FD3DFEAEFED357ED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Salvadora mexicana (Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril 1854)	<div><p>The mexicana group</p> <p>The two species in this group are defined by several synapomorphies: a single preocular scale, more than 123 subcaudal scales, three supralabials in contact with the eye, maxillary teeth from 14 to 15 +3, prenasal scale separated from the second supralabial, and the tail length is more than 29% of the total length.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A6587FDFFB8FFF6FD3DFEAEFED357ED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hernández-Jiménez, Carlos A.;Flores-Villela, Oscar;Aguilar-Bremauntz, Aranzazú;Campbell, Jonathan A.	Hernández-Jiménez, Carlos A., Flores-Villela, Oscar, Aguilar-Bremauntz, Aranzazú, Campbell, Jonathan A. (2021): Phylogenetic relationships based on morphological data and taxonomy of the genus Salvadora Baird & Girard, 1853 (Reptilia, Colubridae). European Journal of Taxonomy 764 (1): 85-118, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1473, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1473
0A6587FDFFB9FFF8FE6FFAFAFA8054F9.text	0A6587FDFFB9FFF8FE6FFAFAFA8054F9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Salvadora mexicana (Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril 1854)	<div><p>Salvadora mexicana (Duméril, Bibron &amp; Duméril, 1854)</p> <p>Fig. 4</p> <p>Zamenis mexicanus Duméril, Bibron &amp; Duméril, 1854: 695–696.</p> <p>Salvadora mexicana – Günther 1863: 349.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Rostral elongated; 9 supralabials, 3 supralabials in contact with the eye, the fourth, fifth and sixth; 10–11 infralabials; a single preocular; a single loreal scale; prenasal in contact with the second supralabial; a second pair of chinshields in contact with each other or separated by a row of scales; 182–197 ventrals; 125–145 subcaudals; tail length is 31 to 42% of total length; 15 +3 maxillary teeth. Color pattern on the first third of the body consists of mottled transverse patches becoming transverse bars on the neck; the back of the head is dark with pale longitudinal patch in the center; the rest of the body has pale vertebral line flanked by two dark dorsolateral lines; and two dark lateral lines.</p> <p>This species differs from its congeners by having a single preocular scale; tail length is approximately one third of the total length (31–42%); and by having four dark longitudinal lines interrupted on the first third of the body where they are replaced by transverse bands or patches.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>Patronym referring to the country of origin.</p> <p>Type material MEXICO • “Cap Corrientes, Mexique” [Jalisco, Cabo Corrientes]; MNHN 3585.</p> <p>Distribution and conservation</p> <p>Endemic to Mexico. Occurs from Nayarit southward on the Pacific coast in the states of Nayarit, Jalisco, Colima, Michoacán, Guerrero, and Oaxaca entering the Balsas River Basin, toward central Guerrero, the states of Estado de México, Morelos and southwestern Puebla (Fig. 4).</p> <p>Within its distribution it is found in at least four protected natural areas. Mexican legislation has listed this species as subject to Special Protection and the IUCN has it listed as a species of Least Concern.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A6587FDFFB9FFF8FE6FFAFAFA8054F9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hernández-Jiménez, Carlos A.;Flores-Villela, Oscar;Aguilar-Bremauntz, Aranzazú;Campbell, Jonathan A.	Hernández-Jiménez, Carlos A., Flores-Villela, Oscar, Aguilar-Bremauntz, Aranzazú, Campbell, Jonathan A. (2021): Phylogenetic relationships based on morphological data and taxonomy of the genus Salvadora Baird & Girard, 1853 (Reptilia, Colubridae). European Journal of Taxonomy 764 (1): 85-118, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1473, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1473
0A6587FDFFB7FFF9FD33FEAEFC455789.text	0A6587FDFFB7FFF9FD33FEAEFC455789.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Salvadora grahamiae	<div><p>The grahamiae group</p> <p>The taxa in this group are defined by several synapomorphies, including preocular generally divided; fewer than 116 subcaudals, normally fewer than three supralabials in contact with the eye, maxillary teeth from 9 to 12 +3; tail length less than 29% of total length.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A6587FDFFB7FFF9FD33FEAEFC455789	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hernández-Jiménez, Carlos A.;Flores-Villela, Oscar;Aguilar-Bremauntz, Aranzazú;Campbell, Jonathan A.	Hernández-Jiménez, Carlos A., Flores-Villela, Oscar, Aguilar-Bremauntz, Aranzazú, Campbell, Jonathan A. (2021): Phylogenetic relationships based on morphological data and taxonomy of the genus Salvadora Baird & Girard, 1853 (Reptilia, Colubridae). European Journal of Taxonomy 764 (1): 85-118, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1473, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1473
0A6587FDFFB7FFFAFDB2FE4DFC93512D.text	0A6587FDFFB7FFFAFDB2FE4DFC93512D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Salvadora bairdi Jan & Sordelli 1860	<div><p>Salvadora bairdi Jan in Jan &amp; Sordelli 1860</p> <p>Fig. 5</p> <p>Salvadora bairdi Jan in Jan &amp; Sordelli, 1860: pl. 3 fig. 2.</p> <p>Salvadora bogerti Smith, 1941: 2–6.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Rostral without free edges, slightly elongated towards the back interceding between internasals; 8 supralabials, generally fourth and fifth touching the lower edge of the eye; 10 infralabials; preocular divided; a single loreal; prenasal may or may not be in contact with the second supralabial; a second pair of chinshields in contact with each other or sometimes separated by a row of scales;175–209 ventrals; 82–108 subcaudals; tail length 22 to 29% of the total length; maxillary teeth normally 9+3. Color pattern consists of a pale vertebral line three scales wide that begins on the neck and tapers to one scale wide on the last third of body; two pairs of dark longitudinal lines, dorsolateral lines two to four scales wide not touching the temporal region and connecting on the anterior part, forming a patch that separates them from the parietal region; lateral lines involving the third row of dorsal scales and may or may not be interrupted by an irregular pattern of patches in the posterior region of head.</p> <p>This species differs from its congeners by having a single loreal, edges of rostral scale not free, maxillary teeth 9 +3, and a pale vertebral line that extends to the neck without touching the temporal region.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>Named in honor of Spencer Fullerton Baird.</p> <p>Type material</p> <p>MEXICO • holotype of Salvadora bogerti; “Tehuantepec”, locality uncertain; USNM 30296.</p> <p>MEXICO • holotype of Salvadora bairdi; “Méxique” Guanajuato, restricted to Acámbaro, see Smith &amp; Taylor (1950); Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, Westphal coll.; MSNM (destroyed).</p> <p>Distribution and conservation</p> <p>Endemic to Mexico; distributed from Sonora and Chihuahua southward through the states of Sinaloa, Durango, Zacatecas, Nayarit, Jalisco; in central Mexico through the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt in the states of Querétaro, Guanajuato, Michoacán, Guerrero, Estado de México, Hidalgo, Morelos, Puebla, and Veracruz (Fig. 5).</p> <p>Within its distribution, it is found in at least four protected natural areas. Mexican legislation has listed this species as subject to Special Protection and the IUCN has it listed as a species of Least Concern.</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>The holotype of S. bogerti is a juvenile purportedly collected by F. Sumichrast in the vicinity of “Tehuantepec”; this locality does not appear to be the usual collecting site of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, but rather a community in the municipality of San Andrés Tuxtla called Tehuantepec (from the notes of C.M. Bogert; Pérez-Higareda &amp; Smith 1991). Independently of this, the morphological characteristics of the holotype of bogerti correspond with the morphological characteristics of a population of specimens of Salvadora bairdi collected in the state of Veracruz, near Cordoba. It is worth mentioning that Salvadora bairdi is the species that varies the most in squamation and coloration patterns. After an extensive review of the literature and after many years of collecting (either personal or by other collectors) in the region of Los Tuxtlas, no more specimens have come to light, and it is apparent that the holotype of S. bogerti may have been a mislabeled specimen. Pérez-Higareda et al. (2007) do not list this species as part of the ophidiofauna of the region; therefore, we conclude that the locality of the type of Salvadora bogerti is not from Los Tuxtlas and more likely was collected by Sumichrast near Orizaba; a locality where he lived and made collections.</p> <p>Some individuals in northern Sinaloa, southern Sonora and Chihuahua have a series of patches or transverse patches on the first third of body; however, in spite of being an isolated population, this character is not constant in the specimens we examined.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A6587FDFFB7FFFAFDB2FE4DFC93512D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hernández-Jiménez, Carlos A.;Flores-Villela, Oscar;Aguilar-Bremauntz, Aranzazú;Campbell, Jonathan A.	Hernández-Jiménez, Carlos A., Flores-Villela, Oscar, Aguilar-Bremauntz, Aranzazú, Campbell, Jonathan A. (2021): Phylogenetic relationships based on morphological data and taxonomy of the genus Salvadora Baird & Girard, 1853 (Reptilia, Colubridae). European Journal of Taxonomy 764 (1): 85-118, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1473, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1473
0A6587FDFFB4FFFCFDE5F8E1FC8A54A4.text	0A6587FDFFB4FFFCFDE5F8E1FC8A54A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Salvadora deserticola Schmidt 1940	<div><p>Salvadora deserticola Schmidt 1940</p> <p>Fig. 6</p> <p>Salvadora hexalepis deserticola Schmidt, 1940: 146, fig. 14.</p> <p>Salvadora hexalepis celeris Smith, 1941: 9, fig. 6.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Rostral scale well developed, elongated and with free edges; 9 supralabials, two or rarely three in contact with the eye (generally the fifth and sixth in contact); 11 infralabials; preocular scale divided; a single loreal; prenasal in contact with the second supralabial; a second pair of chinshields separated by two rows of scales; 180–205 ventrals; 66–87 subcaudals; tail is 19 to 23.5% of the total length; maxillary teeth normally 11+ 3. Color pattern consists of a pale vertebral stripe, five scales wide on the anterior third of the body and three scales wide on the rest of the body, flanked by a pair of dark dorsolateral lines located on the sixth and seventh row and separated from the lateral lines by at least one row of scales; lateral lines begin on the fourth row or on the margins of the third and fourth rows of dorsal scales. Lateral and dorsolateral lines fused on the neck.</p> <p>Differs from the other species in the genus by having a single loreal, usually not divided; tail shorter (less than 24% of the total length) and fewer subcaudal scales.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The species name is derived from the Latin words ‘ desertum ’, which means ‘desert’, and ‘ icola ’, which means ‘inhabitant’, in reference to the habitat at the type locality.</p> <p>Type material examined</p> <p>UNITED STATES • ♂, holotype of Salvadora hexalepis deserticola; Texas, Brewster County, Government Spring, close to the Chisos Mountains; 6 Oct. 1935; Tom Carney leg.; FMNH 26615.</p> <p>MEXICO • ♀, holotype of Salvadora hexalepis celeris; Sinaloa, San Blas; 28 Mar. 1910; J.N. Rose leg.; USNM 40043.</p> <p>Distribution and conservation</p> <p>Southwestern Texas, southwestern New Mexico, and southeastern Arizona, southward on each flank of the Sierra Madre Occidental in Mexico in the states of Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila and Sinaloa (Fig. 6).</p> <p>It is found in at least two protected natural areas in Sonora. Mexican legislation has not listed this species and the IUCN has it listed as a species of Least Concern.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A6587FDFFB4FFFCFDE5F8E1FC8A54A4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hernández-Jiménez, Carlos A.;Flores-Villela, Oscar;Aguilar-Bremauntz, Aranzazú;Campbell, Jonathan A.	Hernández-Jiménez, Carlos A., Flores-Villela, Oscar, Aguilar-Bremauntz, Aranzazú, Campbell, Jonathan A. (2021): Phylogenetic relationships based on morphological data and taxonomy of the genus Salvadora Baird & Girard, 1853 (Reptilia, Colubridae). European Journal of Taxonomy 764 (1): 85-118, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1473, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1473
0A6587FDFFB2FFFCFDB1FD64FE3051CD.text	0A6587FDFFB2FFFCFDB1FD64FE3051CD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Salvadora grahamiae Baird & Girard 1853	<div><p>Salvadora grahamiae Baird &amp; Girard, 1853</p> <p>Fig. 7</p> <p>Salvadora grahamiae Baird &amp; Girard, 1853: 104–105.</p> <p>Phimothyra grahamiae – Cope 1861: 566.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Well-developed rostral scale, elongated and with free edges; 8 or 9 supralabials, fourth and fifth or fifth and sixth supralabial in contact with the eye; normally 10 infralabials; a single loreal scale; preocular divided; prenasal scale in contact with the second supralabial; a second pair of chinshields separated by a row of scales; 178–200 ventral scales and 89–106 subcaudals; maxillary teeth normally 10 +3. Color pattern consists of a pale vertebral line extending to the top of the head, three to five rows of scales wide on the first third of the body reduced to only three on posteriorly; head bordered by a pair of continuous dorsolateral lines from the loreal region throughout the body, with dark line on the sixth and seventh lines of dorsal scales; Sometimes with an inconspicuous lateral line at third row of dorsal scales.</p> <p>Salvadora grahamiae differs from S. lineata by having inconspicuous or absent lateral lines, and differs from other congeners by having the tail approximately one quarter of the total length (22–29%); loreal scale not divided, posterior chinshields separated by a two row of scales; and the vertebral line up to five scales wide on anterior of body.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>Dedicated to the collector of the taxon, J.D. Graham.</p> <p>Type material examined</p> <p>UNITED STATES • ♂; Arizona, Cochise County, Huachuca Mountains, limited to Sonora (Bogert 1939a); J.D. Graham leg.; USNM 2081.</p> <p>Distribution and conservation</p> <p>From western Texas, northern Coahuila, Chihuahua, and Sonora to northern Arizona and New Mexico (Fig. 7). It occurs in several protected natural areas in Mexico and the United States. Mexico and the United States have not listed this species in any protection category, and it is on the IUCN red list as a species of Least Concern.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A6587FDFFB2FFFCFDB1FD64FE3051CD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hernández-Jiménez, Carlos A.;Flores-Villela, Oscar;Aguilar-Bremauntz, Aranzazú;Campbell, Jonathan A.	Hernández-Jiménez, Carlos A., Flores-Villela, Oscar, Aguilar-Bremauntz, Aranzazú, Campbell, Jonathan A. (2021): Phylogenetic relationships based on morphological data and taxonomy of the genus Salvadora Baird & Girard, 1853 (Reptilia, Colubridae). European Journal of Taxonomy 764 (1): 85-118, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1473, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1473
0A6587FDFFB3FFFEFDF1FAAEFE3054B2.text	0A6587FDFFB3FFFEFDF1FAAEFE3054B2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Salvadora lineata Schmidt 1940	<div><p>Salvadora lineata Schmidt, 1940</p> <p>Fig. 8</p> <p>Salvadora lineata Schmidt, 1940: 143–150.</p> <p>Salvadora grahamiae lineata Hartweg, 1940: 259.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Well-developed rostral scale, elongated and with free edges; 8 or 9 supralabials, fourth and fifth in contact with the eye; 9 to 11 infralabials; preocular divided; a single loreal scale; prenasal scale in contact with or separated from the second supralabial; a second pair of chinshields in contact with each other or separated by a row of scales; 179–202 ventral scales; 81–107 subcaudal scales; maxillary teeth normally 10 +3. Color pattern consists of a pale vertebral line reaching the top of the head, three to five rows of scales wide on the first third of the body and only three posteriorly; head bordered by a pair of continuous dorsolateral lines from the loreal region across the body, dark line on the sixth and seventh dorsal scales; lateral line paler than the well-developed dorsolateral line on the third row of dorsal scales.</p> <p>Differs from S. grahamiae by having a pair of well-defined lateral lines on the third row of the dorsal scales, extending from the first third of the body and to the cloaca.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>Derived from the Latin ‘ linea ’, meaning ‘line’, in reference to the conspicuous lateral line.</p> <p>Type material examined</p> <p>UNITED STATES • ♀; Texas, Kleberg County, Kingsville; 1938; J.C. Cross; FMNH 28605.</p> <p>Distribution and conservation</p> <p>United States from eastern Texas southward through northwestern Mexico in the states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, Durango, Zacatecas, San Luis Potosí, Guanajuato Querétaro, Michoacán, Hidalgo, Puebla and northern Veracruz (Fig. 8).</p> <p>This species occurs in several protected natural areas in Mexico and the United States. Mexico and the United States have not listed this species in any protection category, but it is on the IUCN red list as a species of Least Concern.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A6587FDFFB3FFFEFDF1FAAEFE3054B2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hernández-Jiménez, Carlos A.;Flores-Villela, Oscar;Aguilar-Bremauntz, Aranzazú;Campbell, Jonathan A.	Hernández-Jiménez, Carlos A., Flores-Villela, Oscar, Aguilar-Bremauntz, Aranzazú, Campbell, Jonathan A. (2021): Phylogenetic relationships based on morphological data and taxonomy of the genus Salvadora Baird & Girard, 1853 (Reptilia, Colubridae). European Journal of Taxonomy 764 (1): 85-118, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1473, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1473
0A6587FDFFB0FFFFFDE8F976FD61532A.text	0A6587FDFFB0FFFFFDE8F976FD61532A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Salvadora hexalepis (Cope 1866)	<div><p>Salvadora hexalepis (Cope, 1866)</p> <p>Fig. 9</p> <p>Phimothyra hexalepis Cope, 1866: 304.</p> <p>Subspecies included</p> <p>S. hexalepis hexalepis</p> <p>S. hexalepis virgultea</p> <p>S. hexalepis mojavesis</p> <p>S. hexalepis klauberi</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Well-developed rostral scale with free lateral edges; normally 9 supralabials, or occasionally 8 or 10; supralabials in contact with the eye, usually only sixth is in contact; 10–11 infralabials; preocular divided; loreal scale normally divided; prenasal scale separated from the second supralabial; a second pair of chinshields separated by two rows of scales; ventral scales 180–213; subcaudal scales vary from 75 to 103; maxillary teeth 10–12 +3. With the exception of S. hexalepis virgultea, the dark dorsolateral lines are normally separated from the lateral lines at the level of the third and fourth rows of dorsal scales; tail length is 20 to 26% of the total body length.</p> <p>Salvadora hexalepis differs at the species level from the other species in the grahamiae group by having a divided preocular, fewer than 113 subcaudals, and a tail length less than 29% of the total length. It differs from S. grahamiae, S. intermedia, S. gymnorhachis and S. bairdi by having 9 to 10 supralabials, the sixth in contact with the eye versus 8 supralabials present in the other species in the grahamiae group. It differs from S. deserticola by having a divided loreal and 75–103 subcaudals.</p> <p>Type material examined</p> <p>UNITED STATES • Arizona, Fort Whipple; USNM 7894.</p> <p>Distribution and conservation</p> <p>This species occurs in the southwestern United States from Nevada, southern Utah, southward through California, Arizona, the Baja California Peninsula and Sonora including Tiburón, San José, and Espíritu Santo Islands in the Gulf of California. (Fig. 9).</p> <p>Within its distribution, S. hexalepis has been recorded in several protected natural areas in Mexico and the United States. Mexico and the United States do not extend legal protection to this species. It is listed by the IUCN as a species of Least Concern.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A6587FDFFB0FFFFFDE8F976FD61532A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hernández-Jiménez, Carlos A.;Flores-Villela, Oscar;Aguilar-Bremauntz, Aranzazú;Campbell, Jonathan A.	Hernández-Jiménez, Carlos A., Flores-Villela, Oscar, Aguilar-Bremauntz, Aranzazú, Campbell, Jonathan A. (2021): Phylogenetic relationships based on morphological data and taxonomy of the genus Salvadora Baird & Girard, 1853 (Reptilia, Colubridae). European Journal of Taxonomy 764 (1): 85-118, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1473, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1473
0A6587FDFFB1FFE0FDB5FAEAFEC7542D.text	0A6587FDFFB1FFE0FDB5FAEAFEC7542D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Salvadora hexalepis subsp. hexalepis (Cope 1866) hexalepis (Cope 1866	<div><p>Salvadora hexalepis hexalepis (Cope, 1866)</p> <p>Fig. 9</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Nine supralabials; sixth supralabial in contact with the eye; 10 infralabials; a single subocular sometimes present; 186–213 ventrals; 75–98 subcaudals; tail 20 to 25 % of total length; 10 +3 maxillary teeth; a pale vertebral line contacting the parietal region, three to five scale rows wide on the first third of the body, three rows wide posteriorly, bordered by a pair of dorsolateral lines up to four scale rows wide, extending from the temporal region to the tip of the tail, halfway along the body the dorsolateral lines are divided giving rise to another lateral line distinguishable to the tip of tail.</p> <p>This taxon differs from S. h. klauberi by having a single supralabial in contact with the eye, whereas S. h. klauberi has two supralabials (the fifth and sixth) in contact; in S. h. mojavensis the supralabials and the lower edge of the eyes are separated by two or more suboculars; S. h. hexalepis is similar to S. h. virgultea in that many individuals have a single supralabial in contact with the eye; however, these subspecies differ in coloration pattern, with the head of S. h. virgultea being brown and the lateral line becoming faded and indistinguishable at about the middle of the body (in S. h. hexalepis the head is gray, the vertebral line is up to five rows of scales wide, and in the middle of the body the lateral line is completely separated from the dorsolateral line).</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>From the Latin ‘ hexa ’ for ‘six’ and ‘ lepis ’ for ‘scale’, which can be interpreted as six-sided scales.</p> <p>Distribution</p> <p>It occurs from the southeast of California, United States, southward to northeastern Baja California, central Arizona southward through the northeast portion of the Sonoran Desert, including Tiburón Island (Fig. 9).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A6587FDFFB1FFE0FDB5FAEAFEC7542D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hernández-Jiménez, Carlos A.;Flores-Villela, Oscar;Aguilar-Bremauntz, Aranzazú;Campbell, Jonathan A.	Hernández-Jiménez, Carlos A., Flores-Villela, Oscar, Aguilar-Bremauntz, Aranzazú, Campbell, Jonathan A. (2021): Phylogenetic relationships based on morphological data and taxonomy of the genus Salvadora Baird & Girard, 1853 (Reptilia, Colubridae). European Journal of Taxonomy 764 (1): 85-118, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1473, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1473
0A6587FDFFAEFFE1FDABFDE2FB785547.text	0A6587FDFFAEFFE1FDABFDE2FB785547.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Salvadora hexalepis subsp. virgultea (Bogert 1935)	<div><p>Salvadora hexalepis virgultea (Bogert, 1935)</p> <p>Fig. 9</p> <p>Salvadora grahamiae virgultea Bogert, 1935: 89.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Nine supralabials, the sixth or the fifth and sixth in contact with the eye; 10–11 infralabials; suboculars absent; 188–200 ventral scales; 84–103 subcaudal scales; tail 21 to 26% of the total length; maxillary teeth 10+3. A pale vertebral line three rows of scales wide is in contact with the parietal region, bordered by a pair of dorsolateral lines brown in color, five rows of scales wide extending from the temporal region to the tip of the tail. At about midbody the lateral line gives rise to a thinner lateral line that is one row of scales wide.</p> <p>Salvadora h. klauberi differs in having 12 + 3 maxillary teeth; in S. h. mojavensis suboculars separate the supralabials from the lower edge of the eye; S. h. hexalepis sometimes also lacks suboculars and has a single supralabial in contact with the eye similar to S. h. virgultea, but it differs in its color pattern (in S. h. virgultea the vertebral line involves three scale rows; the head is brown, and a lateral line is not distinguishable). In S. h. hexalepis the vertebral line is up to five scale rows wide; the head is gray; and the lateral line at midbody is completely separated from the dorsolateral line.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>From the Latin ‘ virgultus ’, meaning ‘covered with scrub’, for the habitat in which the taxon occurs.</p> <p>Type material examined</p> <p>UNITED STATES • ♂; California, San Diego County; 32.67778° N, 116.72709° W; 29 Jun. 1929; Deerhorn Flat leg.; SDSNH 12025.</p> <p>Distribution</p> <p>Regions adjacent to the Pacific coast and adjacent foothills in southwestern California, southward to the southern portion of Baja California, where is it parapatric with S. h. kaluberi (Fig. 9).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A6587FDFFAEFFE1FDABFDE2FB785547	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hernández-Jiménez, Carlos A.;Flores-Villela, Oscar;Aguilar-Bremauntz, Aranzazú;Campbell, Jonathan A.	Hernández-Jiménez, Carlos A., Flores-Villela, Oscar, Aguilar-Bremauntz, Aranzazú, Campbell, Jonathan A. (2021): Phylogenetic relationships based on morphological data and taxonomy of the genus Salvadora Baird & Girard, 1853 (Reptilia, Colubridae). European Journal of Taxonomy 764 (1): 85-118, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1473, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1473
0A6587FDFFAFFFE1FDAEFC38FAD75109.text	0A6587FDFFAFFFE1FDAEFC38FAD75109.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Salvadora hexalepis subsp. mojavensis Bogert 1935	<div><p>Salvadora hexalepis mojavensis Bogert, 1935</p> <p>Fig. 9</p> <p>Salvadora hexalepis mojavensis Bogert, 1945: 14.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Nine supralabials, no supralabial in contact with the eye or only sixth in contact; 10–11 infralabials; from two to three suboculars; 190–207 ventral scales; 82–96 subcaudal scales; tail 20 to 25% of total length; 11+3 maxillary teeth; a pale vertebral line that does not reach the parietal region, bordered by a pair of dorsolateral lines and a pair of somewhat inconspicuous lateral lines and irregular bars along the body that interrupt the dorsolateral and lateral lines.</p> <p>Differs from all conspecific subspecies by having two or three suboculars present.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>Toponym alluding to its distribution that is concentrated in the Mojave Desert.</p> <p>Type material examined</p> <p>UNITED STATES • ♂; California, San Bernardino County, Deadman Point, 11.5 miles SE of Victorville, at the south end of the Granite Mountains; 19 Jun. 1935; C.M. Bogert leg; AMNH 63000.</p> <p>Distribution</p> <p>Endemic to the United States. Distributed south of the San Joaquín Valley and the Mojave Desert, east and north of the foothills of the San Gabriel and San Bernardino mountains, to Pyramid Lake in western Nevada, the Virgin River Basin in southern to western Utah, and portions of the Painted Desert in northern Arizona near the Grand Canyon and the canyon of the small Colorado River (Fig. 9).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A6587FDFFAFFFE1FDAEFC38FAD75109	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hernández-Jiménez, Carlos A.;Flores-Villela, Oscar;Aguilar-Bremauntz, Aranzazú;Campbell, Jonathan A.	Hernández-Jiménez, Carlos A., Flores-Villela, Oscar, Aguilar-Bremauntz, Aranzazú, Campbell, Jonathan A. (2021): Phylogenetic relationships based on morphological data and taxonomy of the genus Salvadora Baird & Girard, 1853 (Reptilia, Colubridae). European Journal of Taxonomy 764 (1): 85-118, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1473, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1473
0A6587FDFFAFFFE2FDBEF8CEFCB95228.text	0A6587FDFFAFFFE2FDBEF8CEFCB95228.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Salvadora hexalepis subsp. klauberi Bogert 1945	<div><p>Salvadora hexalepis klauberi Bogert, 1945</p> <p>Fig. 9</p> <p>Salvadora hexalepis klauberi Bogert, 1945: 14.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Nine supralabials, generally fifth and sixth in contact with the eye; 10–11 infralabials; suboculars normally absent; 180–203 ventral scales; 78–99 subcaudal scales; tail 21 to 26% of total length; 12 +3 maxillary teeth; a pale vertebral line three to five rows wide contacting the parietal region, bordered by a pair of dark dorsolateral lines up to four rows wide extending from the temporal region to the margins between the fifth and fourth rows of scales, lateral lines one or two scales wide fused with the dorsolateral lines on first third of the body.</p> <p>Differs from S. h. mojavensis by lacking suboculars, differs from S. h. hexalepis by having fifth and sixth supralabials bordering the eye and differs from S. h. virgultea by having 12 +3 maxillary teeth.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>Dedicated to Laurence Monroe Klauber.</p> <p>Type material</p> <p>MEXICO • ♂; Baja California Sur, Cape San Lucas; 6 Aug. 1933; Fred Lewis leg.; Collection of L.M. Klauber No. 20912.</p> <p>Distribution</p> <p>Endemic to Mexico, present from northern Baja California southward through Baja California Sur, including the San José and Espíritu Santo Islands (Fig. 9).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A6587FDFFAFFFE2FDBEF8CEFCB95228	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hernández-Jiménez, Carlos A.;Flores-Villela, Oscar;Aguilar-Bremauntz, Aranzazú;Campbell, Jonathan A.	Hernández-Jiménez, Carlos A., Flores-Villela, Oscar, Aguilar-Bremauntz, Aranzazú, Campbell, Jonathan A. (2021): Phylogenetic relationships based on morphological data and taxonomy of the genus Salvadora Baird & Girard, 1853 (Reptilia, Colubridae). European Journal of Taxonomy 764 (1): 85-118, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1473, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1473
0A6587FDFFACFFE4FD9AFBECFC0F5762.text	0A6587FDFFACFFE4FD9AFBECFC0F5762.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Salvadora intermedia Hartweg 1940	<div><p>Salvadora intermedia Hartweg, 1940</p> <p>Fig. 10</p> <p>Salvadora intermedia Hartweg, 1940: 256–259.</p> <p>Salvadora intermedia richardi Smith, 1941: 6–9.</p> <p>Salvadora intermedia intermedia – Smith, 1941: 7.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Rostral scale elongated; generally 8 supralabials (occasionally 9), the fourth and fifth normally in contact with the eye; 10–11 infralabials; preocular scale divided; a single loreal scale; prenasal scale in contact with or separated from the second supralabial; chinshields in contact or separated by two small scales; ventral scales 172 to 190; subcaudal scales 84 to 114; tail is 23 to 30% of the total length; 11 +3 maxillary teeth. Color pattern formed by a vertebral line three scales rows wide, yellowish in color and in contact with the parietal region; a pair of lateral lines is fused with the dorsolateral lines on first third of body, separated at second third of the body to tail; dorsolateral lines wide and dark, diverging at the neck, passing through the temporal region to eye.</p> <p>S alvadora intermedia differs from its congeners by having a divided preocular scale; fewer than 116 subcaudal scales; 8 supralabials, the fourth and fifth in contact with the eye; the second pair of chinshields in contact with each other or separated by a row of scales; and two dark dorsolateral lines that diverge at the neck, passing through the temporal to eye.</p> <p>Type material examined</p> <p>MEXICO • ♂, holotype of Salvadora intermedia intermedia; Guerrero, vicinity of Chilpancingo; W.W. Brown leg.; UMMZ 85733.</p> <p>MEXICO • ♂, holotype of Salvadora intermedia richardi; Puebla, 1 mile N of Tehuacán; 8 Aug. 1940; R.C. Taylor leg.; Collection E.H. Taylor and H.M. Smith No. 23470; UIMNH 25071.</p> <p>Distribution and conservation</p> <p>Endemic to Mexico. Distributed in central-southern Mexico from the vicinity of Chilpancingo, Guerrero, eastward through central Oaxaca and northward to southwestern Puebla (Fig. 10).</p> <p>Within its distribution it is found in at least two protected natural areas. Mexican legislation has listed this species as subject to Special Protection and the IUCN has it listed as a species of Least Concern.</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>Salvadore intermedia richardi was described by Smith (1941), who based his description on a single specimen collected one mile from Tehuacán, Puebla (UIMNH 25071). Smith (1941) thought this specimen represented a disjunct population of the populations of S. intermedia at Guerrero. Smith (1941) defined S. intermedia richardi as having the prenasal scale separated from the second supralabial and by its number of ventral scales. However, we examined 37 individuals of S. intermedia along what appears to be a continuous distribution from Guerrero and through Oaxaca to southern Puebla, and found that only seven of these specimens had the condition of the prenasal scale separated from the second supralabial described by Smith (1941): three from Oaxaca (MZFC 04059, MZFC 23857, MZFC 23871), three from Guerrero (MCZ 33642, MZFC 02878, FMNH 109866), one from Puebla (MZFC 14384). Additionally, the number of ventral scales of these specimens falls within the range previously described for S. intermedia. Based on these findings, we conclude that these characters are part of the intrapopulational variation of S. intermedia and that S. i. richardi should be considered a junior synonym of S. intermedia as previously suggested by Davis &amp; Dixon (1957).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A6587FDFFACFFE4FD9AFBECFC0F5762	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hernández-Jiménez, Carlos A.;Flores-Villela, Oscar;Aguilar-Bremauntz, Aranzazú;Campbell, Jonathan A.	Hernández-Jiménez, Carlos A., Flores-Villela, Oscar, Aguilar-Bremauntz, Aranzazú, Campbell, Jonathan A. (2021): Phylogenetic relationships based on morphological data and taxonomy of the genus Salvadora Baird & Girard, 1853 (Reptilia, Colubridae). European Journal of Taxonomy 764 (1): 85-118, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1473, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1473
0A6587FDFFAAFFEAFE04FE23FAAA51CC.text	0A6587FDFFAAFFEAFE04FE23FAAA51CC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Salvadora gymnorhachis Hernandez-Jimenez, Flores-Villela & Campbell 2019	<div><p>Salvadora gymnorhachis Hernández, Flores &amp; Campbell, 2019</p> <p>Fig. 11</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Eight–9 supralabials, two supralabials, fourth and fifth in contact with the eye; 8–10 infralabials; preocular scale divided; a single loreal scale; prenasal in contact or separated from the second supralabial; a second pair of chinshields in contact or separated by a row of scales; 176–186 ventral scales; 92–103 subcaudal scales; tail is 18 to 21% of the total length; 11 +3 maxillary teeth. Color pattern consists of a pair of dark dorsolateral lines that begin behind the eyes and fade before reaching the middle of the body, without a well-defined vertebral line and lacking lateral lines.</p> <p>This species differs clearly from the other species by lacking dorsolateral lines on about the posterior two-thirds of the body and by lacking vertebral and lateral lines across the body.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The name is derived from the Greek prefixes ‘ gymnós ’, which means ‘naked’ and ‘ ráchḭ ’ which means ‘back’.</p> <p>Type material examined</p> <p>MEXICO • ♀; Oaxaca, Distrito Mixe, San Pedro and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-96.08443&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.00159" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -96.08443/lat 17.00159)">San Pedro Ayutla</a>; 17.00159° N, 96.08443° W; 24 Aug. 2014; MZFC 28775.</p> <p>Distribution and conservation</p> <p>Mountains of central Oaxaca, Mexico (Fig.11).</p> <p>This is a recently described taxon and one of limited distribution that is not known to inhabit any protected natural areas. This species is not included in Mexican legislation and is not in the IUCN’s red list.</p> <p>Dichotomous key for the species and subspecies of the genus Salvadora</p> <p>1. A single preocular (Fig. 12A); more than 123 subcaudals; three supralabials in contact with the eye; maxillary teeth 14 + 3 to 15 +3; tail length more than 29% of total body length (mexicana group). 2</p> <p>– Preocular generally divided (Fig. 12B); fewer than 116 subcaudals; normally fewer than three supralabials in contact with the eye; maxillary teeth from 9+3 to 12 +3; tail length generally less than 29% of total body length (grahamiae group)............................................................................ 3</p> <p>2. Four longitudinal lines on the posterior part of the body that are interrupted in the first third of the body by transverse patches or crossbars (Fig. 13A); 182–197 ventral scales; tail length 31% to 42% of total length; maxillary teeth 15 + 3.................... S. mexicana (Duméril, Bibron &amp; Duméril, 1854)</p> <p>– Four well-defined longitudinal lines extending along the body without transverse patches or crossbars on the first third of body (Fig. 13B); 194 to 205 ventral scales; tail length between 29% and 33% of total length; maxillary teeth 14 +3........................................................... S. lemniscate (Cope, 1895)</p> <p>3. Supralabials normally eight (rarely 7 or 9), fourth and fifth in contact with the eye (Fig. 14A); a second pair of chinshields in contact with each other or separated by one row of scales (Fig. 15A........................................................................................................................................................... 4</p> <p>– Nine or ten supralabials (rarely 11 or 12), generally the sixth is in contact with the eye (Fig. 14B); posterior pair of chinshields sometimes separated by two rows of scales (Fig.15B)........................ 8</p> <p>4. Maxillary teeth 11 +3; dorsolateral lines normally present along the body or incomplete present only in the first third of body, lateral line normally present on third or fourth row of dorsal scales, or absent when the dorsolateral line is incomplete (populations from Guerrero, Oaxaca or south of Puebla)............................................................................................................................................... 5</p> <p>– Maxillary teeth 9 +3 or 10 +3; dorsolateral line always present; lateral line well defined on the third or fourth row of dorsal scales, or vestigial or absent......................................................................... 6</p> <p>5. Dorsolateral lines present along the entire body; a light, yellowish vertebral line; lateral lines always present; tail length 23 to 30 % of total body length.............................. S. intermedia Hartweg, 1940</p> <p>– Dorsolateral lines absent on the second and last third of the body; no lateral lines on body; tail length is 19 to 21 % of total length.......................................................................................................................................................... S. gymnorhachis Hernández-Jiménez, Flores-Villela &amp; Campbell, 2019</p> <p>6. Maxillary teeth 9+ 3; vertebral line normally separated from the parietal region by a patch formed by the fusion of the dorsolateral lines (Fig. 16A); dorsolateral lines do not reach the temporal region; vertebral line three scale rows wide on the first and second third of the body (sometimes interrupted by dark blotches), and one row wide on the last third; lateral line well defined and separated from the dorsolateral line the entire length of the body............................... S. bairdi Jan &amp; Sordelli, 1860</p> <p>– Maxillary teeth 10 + 3; vertebral line reaching the parietal region (Fig. 16B); dorsolateral lines pass through the temporal region to the eye; vertebral line from three to five rows wide on the first third of the body, and three rows wide on the second and last third of the body; lateral line present, vestigial or barely discernible, or may be absent in some specimens............................................................. 7</p> <p>7. Lateral line absent, vestigial, or scarcely discernible (Fig. 17A)............................................................................................................................................................ S. grahamiae Baird &amp; Girard, 1853</p> <p>– Lateral line always present and well defined (Fig. 17B).............................. S. lineata Schmidt, 1940</p> <p>8. Loreal scale normally single (Fig. 18A); vertebral line five rows wide on the first third of body; lateral line well defined, largely restricted to adjoining margins of scales in third and fourth rows, clearly separated from the dorsolateral line on the second and last thirds of body; 68 to 86 subcaudals.............................................................................................. S. deserticola Schmidt, 1940</p> <p>– Loreal normally divided (Fig. 18B); vertebral line generally 3 rows wide, sometimes more; lateral line ill-defined or well-defined but fused or feebly separated from the dorsolateral lines; 75 to 103 subcaudals.......................................................................................................................................... 9</p> <p>9. Vertebral line yellowish in color, no more than three scale rows in width along the entire body; dorsolateral lines brown fused with the lateral lines in the anterior part of body but feebly separated posteriorly, generally without subocular scales, overall appearance brown......................................................................................................................................................... S. h. virgultea Bogert,1935</p> <p>– Vertebral line light grey in color, more than three rows wide (3 to 7) on the first third of the body; dorsolateral lines brown or grey in color, and four rows wide on the first third of the body, three rows wide in the second and one row wide on the last third of the body, and regularly separated or slightly separated from the lateral lines, with or without subocular scales.................................................. 10</p> <p>10. Normally two supralabials reaching the eye (Fig. 19A); 12 +3 maxillary teeth.................................................................................................................................................. S. h. klauberi Bogert,1945</p> <p>– Fewer than two supralabial reaching the eye (Fig. 19B); 10 or 11 +3 maxillary teeth....................11</p> <p>11. Supralabials normally separated from the eye by the presence of two or more subocular scales (Fig. 20A);10–11 infralabial scales; 11 +3 maxillary teeth; sometimes with an irregular pattern of bars running the length of the body that interrupt the dorsolateral and lateral lines......................................................................................................................................... S. h. mojavensis Bogert,1945</p> <p>– One supralabial in contact with the eye (Fig. 20B); normally without suboculars or when present there is only one; normally 10 infralabials; 10+3 maxillary teeth; vertebral line three scales in width; dorsolateral line nearly gray, often irregularly pigmented, and obscurely separated from lateral line anteriorly, over-all appearance gray....................................................... S. h. hexalepis (Cope, 1866)</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A6587FDFFAAFFEAFE04FE23FAAA51CC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hernández-Jiménez, Carlos A.;Flores-Villela, Oscar;Aguilar-Bremauntz, Aranzazú;Campbell, Jonathan A.	Hernández-Jiménez, Carlos A., Flores-Villela, Oscar, Aguilar-Bremauntz, Aranzazú, Campbell, Jonathan A. (2021): Phylogenetic relationships based on morphological data and taxonomy of the genus Salvadora Baird & Girard, 1853 (Reptilia, Colubridae). European Journal of Taxonomy 764 (1): 85-118, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1473, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.764.1473
