taxonID	type	description	language	source
8BEE4000238959A1861757426110D5E4.taxon	description	Figs 1, 2, 3, 4	en	Bisht, Karan, Garg, Sonali, Sarmah, A. N. D. Akalabya, Sengupta, Saibal, Biju, S. D. (2021): Lost, forgotten, and overlooked: systematic reassessment of two lesser-known toad species (Anura, Bufonidae) from Peninsular India and another wide-ranging northern species. Zoosystematics and Evolution 97 (2): 451-470, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.61770, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.61770
8BEE4000238959A1861757426110D5E4.taxon	description	Original name and description. Bufo brevirostris Rao, 1937. Rao, C. R. N. 1937. On some new forms of Batrachia from S. India. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences. Section B 6: 387 - 427. Type locality. " Kempholey, Hassan District, Mysore State, " Karnataka, India. Current status of specific name. Valid name, as Duttaphrynus brevirostris (Rao, 1937).	en	Bisht, Karan, Garg, Sonali, Sarmah, A. N. D. Akalabya, Sengupta, Saibal, Biju, S. D. (2021): Lost, forgotten, and overlooked: systematic reassessment of two lesser-known toad species (Anura, Bufonidae) from Peninsular India and another wide-ranging northern species. Zoosystematics and Evolution 97 (2): 451-470, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.61770, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.61770
8BEE4000238959A1861757426110D5E4.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Topotype. An adult male, BNHS 6126 (SVL 45 mm), from Kempholey Ghat region in Sakleshpur taluk, Hassan district, Karnataka State, India, collected by S. D. Biju and Sonali Garg in June 2013. Other referred specimens. An adult male, SDBDU 2008.410 (SVL 48.6 mm), from Bhagamandala, Kodagu district, Karnataka State; an adult male, SDBDU 2015.3075 (SVL 46 mm), from Manipal, Udupi district, Karnataka State; and a subadult, SDBDU 4714 (SVL 25 mm), from Someshwara, Udupi district, Karnataka State.	en	Bisht, Karan, Garg, Sonali, Sarmah, A. N. D. Akalabya, Sengupta, Saibal, Biju, S. D. (2021): Lost, forgotten, and overlooked: systematic reassessment of two lesser-known toad species (Anura, Bufonidae) from Peninsular India and another wide-ranging northern species. Zoosystematics and Evolution 97 (2): 451-470, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.61770, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.61770
8BEE4000238959A1861757426110D5E4.taxon	description	Description of topotype, BNHS 6126 (measurements in mm). A medium-sized, robust adult male (SVL 45.0); head of moderate size, wider (HW 16.9) than long (HL 14.0); snout subovoid in dorsal and ventral view, not projecting, its length (SL 6.1) longer than horizontal diameter of eye (EL 5.9); loreal region obtuse with sharp canthus rostralis; distance between posterior borders of the eyes (IBE 13.9) 2.2 times the distance between the anterior borders (IFE 6.3); interorbital space 1.2 times wider (IUE 5.1) than upper eyelid width (UEW 4.1); nostril oval without lateral flap of skin, closer to tip of snout (NS 1.7) than to eye (EN 3.2); tympanum distinct (TYD 2.6), vertically oval, 44.1 % of eye diameter (EL 5.9), tympanum to eye distance (TYE 0.7); pineal ocellus absent; vomerine ridge and teeth absent; tongue small, oval, entire, median lingual projection absent; parotoid glands present, oval, flat, without spines and warts, longer (PL 6.2) than wide (PW 3.4), shorter than distance between them (PD 8.7); supraorbital and postorbital ridges weakly developed. Forelimbs short; forearm length (FAL 10.8) shorter than hand length (HAL 11.3); fingers rather thin, FLI nearly equal to FLII, FLIII longest (6.3); relative length of fingers: I = II <IV <III; tips of fingers rounded; subarticular tubercles prominent, single on fingers I, II, IV, double in finger III, oval, all present; prepollex oval, distinct; single rounded prominent palmar tubercle; numerous supernumerary tubercles irregularly set on palm. Hind limbs relatively long and thin, thigh length (TL 17.8) shorter than shank length (SHL 18.8) and foot length (FOL 18.5); relative length of toes: I <II <V <III <IV; tips of all toes rounded, without discs; webbing between toes present, small: I 1 + - 2 II 1 + - 3 III 2 - 3 ⅔ IV 3 ⅔ - 2 V; well-developed dermal fringes present on all toes; subarticular tubercles rather distinct, oval, all present; inner metatarsal tubercle present, prominent, its length (IMT 1.6) nearly half the length of outer metatarsal tubercle (OMT 3.1); numerous supernumerary tubercles irregularly set on foot. Skin. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of head and snout, and skin between eyes relatively smooth; anterior and posterior parts of back with flat and smooth glandular projections; flanks glandular without horny spinules or warts; dorsal surfaces of thigh, shank, and tarsus with smooth glandular warts. Ventral surfaces of throat, chest, belly, and thighs glandular. Secondary sexual character. Male: light brown granular projections on lateral surfaces of fingers I, II, and III. Colour in preservation. Dorsum and limbs slate grey to buff coloured; lateral surfaces of head, flank, and groin slightly lighter than dorsum; ventral surfaces (including limbs) off-white; throat with a faint light bluish-grey calling patch (Fig. 1). Colour in life: dorsum uniformly golden yellow with a brown tinge; limbs darker than dorsum; ventral surfaces white with a prominent bluish-yellow calling patch on throat.	en	Bisht, Karan, Garg, Sonali, Sarmah, A. N. D. Akalabya, Sengupta, Saibal, Biju, S. D. (2021): Lost, forgotten, and overlooked: systematic reassessment of two lesser-known toad species (Anura, Bufonidae) from Peninsular India and another wide-ranging northern species. Zoosystematics and Evolution 97 (2): 451-470, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.61770, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.61770
8BEE4000238959A1861757426110D5E4.taxon	distribution	Distribution and natural history. Duttaphrynus brevirostris is endemic to the Western Ghats, where it currently is known only from the State of Karnataka. Here, we report this species from Hassan district (Sakleshpur taluk, encompassing the type locality Kempholey Ghat), Kodagu district (Bhagamandala), and Udupi district (Someshwara and Manipal). Furthermore, we confirm the following available DNA sequences for this species: Someshwara (FJ 882786, Van Bocxlaer et al. 2009), specimen examined herein; Bajipe (AB 530640) and Shirva (AB 530642), specimen vouchers unavailable and reportedly released (Hasan et al. 2014); and another sample EU 071759 from an unknown locality in India (Shouche and Ghate, unpublished GenBank data). Based on available evidence, D. brevirostris is confirmed to occur in Malnad or Malenadu regions as well as coastal regions (districts of Mangalore and Udupi) of Karnataka State and, therefore, has a wider distribution than previously surmised (Fig. 4). Most individuals were located during night searches (between 17: 00 - 21: 00 hours) in secondary forests or open urban areas. Calling males, usually with yellow dorsal colouration, were observed in June, away from the bodies of water. Specimens found closer to water were generally greyish-brown. A cursory tadpole description was provided along with the original description (Rao 1937).	en	Bisht, Karan, Garg, Sonali, Sarmah, A. N. D. Akalabya, Sengupta, Saibal, Biju, S. D. (2021): Lost, forgotten, and overlooked: systematic reassessment of two lesser-known toad species (Anura, Bufonidae) from Peninsular India and another wide-ranging northern species. Zoosystematics and Evolution 97 (2): 451-470, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.61770, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.61770
03CC36A23EDB5D288DE7DFAE477B4697.taxon	description	Figs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5	en	Bisht, Karan, Garg, Sonali, Sarmah, A. N. D. Akalabya, Sengupta, Saibal, Biju, S. D. (2021): Lost, forgotten, and overlooked: systematic reassessment of two lesser-known toad species (Anura, Bufonidae) from Peninsular India and another wide-ranging northern species. Zoosystematics and Evolution 97 (2): 451-470, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.61770, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.61770
03CC36A23EDB5D288DE7DFAE477B4697.taxon	description	Original name and description. Bufo stomaticus peninsularis Rao, 1920. Rao, C. R. N. 1920. Some South Indian batrachians. " Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society " 27: 119 - 127. Holotype. ZSIC 19176, SVL 45.1 mm (designated by Chanda et al. 2001 " 2000 "), from " Mavkote and Watekolle, Coorg, " Karnataka State, India. Current status of specific name. Valid name, as Duttaphrynus peninsularis (Rao, 1920), comb. nov.	en	Bisht, Karan, Garg, Sonali, Sarmah, A. N. D. Akalabya, Sengupta, Saibal, Biju, S. D. (2021): Lost, forgotten, and overlooked: systematic reassessment of two lesser-known toad species (Anura, Bufonidae) from Peninsular India and another wide-ranging northern species. Zoosystematics and Evolution 97 (2): 451-470, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.61770, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.61770
03CC36A23EDB5D288DE7DFAE477B4697.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Topotype. An adult male, SDBDU 6370 (SVL 50.8 mm), collected by S. D. Biju, from Wattakolli, Karnataka State. Other referred specimens. Four adult males, SDBDU 4018 (SVL 51.8 mm), SDBDU 4019 (SVL 45.5 mm), SDBDU 4020 (SVL 49.5 mm), and SDBDU 4021 (SVL 46.5 mm), from Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu State.	en	Bisht, Karan, Garg, Sonali, Sarmah, A. N. D. Akalabya, Sengupta, Saibal, Biju, S. D. (2021): Lost, forgotten, and overlooked: systematic reassessment of two lesser-known toad species (Anura, Bufonidae) from Peninsular India and another wide-ranging northern species. Zoosystematics and Evolution 97 (2): 451-470, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.61770, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.61770
03CC36A23EDB5D288DE7DFAE477B4697.taxon	description	Description of topotype, SDBDU 6370 (measurements in mm). A medium-sized, robust adult male (SVL 50.9); head of moderate size, wider (HW 18.0) than long (HL 14.0); snout truncate in dorsal and ventral view, rounded in lateral view, projecting beyond the mouth, its length (SL 5.8) nearly equal to horizontal diameter of eye (EL 5.7); loreal region acute with rounded canthus rostralis; distance between posterior borders of the eyes (IBE 13.9) 1.6 times the distance between the anterior borders (IFE 8.2); interorbital space about 1.4 times wider (IUE 6.2) than upper eyelid width (UEW 4.5); nostril oval without lateral flap of skin, closer to tip of snout (NS 1.7) than eye (EN 3.2); tympanum distinct (TYD 3.1), vertically oval, about 56.4 % of eye diameter (EL 5.5), tympanum to eye distance (TYE 1.0); pineal ocellus absent; vomerine ridge and teeth absent; tongue small, oval, entire, median lingual projection absent; parotoid glands present, oval, flat, without spines and warts, slightly longer (PL 10.4) than wide (PW 5.5), distance between them (PD 6.2) more than the width. Forelimbs short; forearm length (FAL 11.5) longer than hand length (HAL 10.9); fingers rather thin, FLI longer than FLII, FLIII longest (5.6); relative length of fingers: II <IV <I <III; tips of fingers rounded; subarticular tubercles prominent, single, all present; prepollex oval, distinct; single rounded prominent palmar tubercle; numerous supernumerary tubercles irregularly set on palm. Hind limbs relatively long and thin, thigh length (TL 19.7) longer than shank (SHL 17.8) and foot (FOL 18.4) length; relative length of toes: I <II <V <III <IV; tips of all toes rounded, without discs; webbing between toes present, small: I 1 + - 2 II 1 + - 3 - III 11 / 2 - 3 IV 3 - 11 / 2 V; dermal fringes present on all toes; subarticular tubercles rather weakly developed, oval; inner metatarsal tubercle present, prominent, its length (IMT 1.6) shorter than outer metatarsal tubercle (OMT 1.8); numerous weakly developed supernumerary tubercles set on foot. Skin. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of head and snout, and skin between eyes relatively smooth to sparsely granular; anterior and posterior parts of back with flat and smooth glandular projections; flanks glandular without horny spinules or warts; dorsal surfaces of thigh, shank, and tarsus with smooth glandular warts. Ventral surfaces of throat, chest, belly, and thighs glandular. Male secondary sexual character. Light brown granular projections on the lateral surfaces of fingers I, II, and III. Colour in preservation. Dorsum and limbs greyish-brown without any prominent markings; lateral surfaces of head, flank, and groin slightly lighter than dorsum; ventral surfaces (including limbs) greyish-white, throat with a faint light blue calling patch (Fig. 1). Colour in life: dorsum yellowish-brown with reddish patches; limbs yellowish brown; ventral surfaces white with a prominent bluish-yellow calling patch on throat (Fig. 2).	en	Bisht, Karan, Garg, Sonali, Sarmah, A. N. D. Akalabya, Sengupta, Saibal, Biju, S. D. (2021): Lost, forgotten, and overlooked: systematic reassessment of two lesser-known toad species (Anura, Bufonidae) from Peninsular India and another wide-ranging northern species. Zoosystematics and Evolution 97 (2): 451-470, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.61770, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.61770
03CC36A23EDB5D288DE7DFAE477B4697.taxon	distribution	Distribution and natural history. Duttaphrynus peninsularis is currently known only from the Peninsular Indian States of Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Maharashtra. Genetically confirmed records are from Karnataka: Kodagu district (Wattakolli); Tamil Nadu: Coimbatore district (Coimbatore); and Maharashtra: Solapur district (Barshi and Solapur). We have also observed this species at Namakkal district (Kolli Malai) of Tamil Nadu. DNA sequences of this species were previously reported as D. stomaticus (FJ 882787, Van Bocxlaer et al. 2009). Another genetically identical sample from an unknown locality in India is currently available (EU 071742, Shouche and Ghate, unpublished GenBank data). Given that this species currently has a disjunct distribution based on available genetically confirmed records, it is likely to be more widely distributed in the intervening regions of Peninsular India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka, up to southern Maharashtra). Furthermore, its most closely related congener D. stomaticus is frequently and widely reported in Peninsular India, which could be misidentifications of D. peninsularis; hence the identity of all ' D. stomaticus ' records from this region require further verification. Based on the present study, the geographical boundary between D. peninsularis (southern species) and D. stomaticus (northern species) could lie in the northern Western Ghats regions of Maharashtra state, where we have observed and genetically confirmed the presence of both these species (see Distribution and Natural History section of D. stomaticus). Further extensive sampling will be necessary to understand the patterns of population structure and delineate the ranges of these two species, using integrative approaches focusing on quantified ranges of phenotypic variation, traditional morphology, bioacoustics, ecological information, and phylogeny. Most individuals reported here were located during night searches (between 17: 00 - 21: 00 hours) largely in vegetated urban areas. The species were also found in secondary forest patches adjacent to human settlements. Ganesh et al. (2020) reported this species as D. stomaticus from Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu.	en	Bisht, Karan, Garg, Sonali, Sarmah, A. N. D. Akalabya, Sengupta, Saibal, Biju, S. D. (2021): Lost, forgotten, and overlooked: systematic reassessment of two lesser-known toad species (Anura, Bufonidae) from Peninsular India and another wide-ranging northern species. Zoosystematics and Evolution 97 (2): 451-470, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.61770, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.61770
304D1635ED2A5B81B320F58739B79EE7.taxon	description	Figs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5	en	Bisht, Karan, Garg, Sonali, Sarmah, A. N. D. Akalabya, Sengupta, Saibal, Biju, S. D. (2021): Lost, forgotten, and overlooked: systematic reassessment of two lesser-known toad species (Anura, Bufonidae) from Peninsular India and another wide-ranging northern species. Zoosystematics and Evolution 97 (2): 451-470, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.61770, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.61770
304D1635ED2A5B81B320F58739B79EE7.taxon	description	Original name and description. Bufo stomaticus Luetken, 1864. Luetken, C. F. 1864 " 1863. " Nogle ny Krybyr og Padder. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i Kjobenhavn, Serie 2, 4: 292 - 311. Syntypes. Three adult females, ZMUC 131137 [ex 196], ZMUC 131365 [ex 198], and one unnumbered, from " Assam; " two adult males, ZMUC 131136 [ex 195] and one unnumbered, from " Assam; " and three subadults, ZMUC 131366 [ex 199] from " Hoogly, " ZMUC 131363 [ex 193] from " Calcutta, " and ZMUC 131364 [ex 194] from " Calcutta. " Type locality. " Assam, " India, based on two specimens used in the original description (Luetken, 1864). Current status of specific name. Valid name, as Duttaphrynus stomaticus (Luetken, 1864).	en	Bisht, Karan, Garg, Sonali, Sarmah, A. N. D. Akalabya, Sengupta, Saibal, Biju, S. D. (2021): Lost, forgotten, and overlooked: systematic reassessment of two lesser-known toad species (Anura, Bufonidae) from Peninsular India and another wide-ranging northern species. Zoosystematics and Evolution 97 (2): 451-470, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.61770, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.61770
304D1635ED2A5B81B320F58739B79EE7.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Syntypes: Three adult females, ZMUC 131137 [ex 196] (SVL 60.9 mm), ZMUC 131365 [ex 198] (SVL 55.2 mm), and one unnumbered (SVL 61.4 mm), from " Assam; " two adult males, ZMUC 131136 [ex 195] (SVL 55 mm) and one unnumbered (SVL 59.2 mm), from " Assam; " and three subadults, ZMUC 131366 [ex 199] (SVL 26.4 mm) from " Hoogly, " ZMUC 131363 [ex 193] (SVL 33.4 mm) from " Calcutta " (Kolkata), and ZMUC 131364 [ex 194] (SVL 30.0 mm), from " Culcutta " (Kolkata). Other referred specimens: three adult males, SDBDU 2018.4109 (SVL 57.6 mm), SDBDU 2018.4110 (SVL 69.2 mm), and SDBDU 2018.4111 (SVL 55.1 mm), from Sonitpur district, Assam State; two adult males, SDBDU 2018.3717 (SVL 56.2 mm) and SDBDU 2018.3750 (SVL 54.2 mm), from Dehradun, Uttarakhand State; an adult female, SDBDU 2012.2172 (SVL 67.5 mm), from Delhi; an adult female, SDBDU 2012.2269 (SVL 68.7 mm), from Kaitha in Banka district, Bihar State; an adult male, SDBDU 2012.2170 (SVL 51.0 mm), from Jaipur, Rajasthan State.	en	Bisht, Karan, Garg, Sonali, Sarmah, A. N. D. Akalabya, Sengupta, Saibal, Biju, S. D. (2021): Lost, forgotten, and overlooked: systematic reassessment of two lesser-known toad species (Anura, Bufonidae) from Peninsular India and another wide-ranging northern species. Zoosystematics and Evolution 97 (2): 451-470, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.61770, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.61770
304D1635ED2A5B81B320F58739B79EE7.taxon	description	Description of syntype, ZMUC 131137 [ex 196] (measurements in mm). A medium-sized, robust adult female (SVL 60.9). Head of moderate size, wider (HW 22.7) than long (HL 17.8); snout rounded in lateral, dorsal, and ventral view, projecting beyond the mouth, its length (SL 6.8) longer to horizontal diameter of eye (EL 6.0); loreal region acute with rounded canthus rostralis; distance between posterior borders of the eyes (IBE 16.2) 1.8 times the distance between the anterior borders (IFE 9.2); interorbital space concave, 1.3 times wider (IUE 6.6) than upper eyelid width (UEW 5.0); nostril oval without lateral flap of skin, closer to tip of snout (NS 1.8) than to eye (EN 3.5); tympanum distinct (TYD 3.6), rounded, 58.1 % of eye diameter (EL 6.2), tympanum to eye distance (TYE 1.6); pineal ocellus absent; vomerine ridge and teeth absent; tongue small, oval, entire, median lingual projection absent; parotoid glands present, oval, elongate, without spines and warts, longer (PL 13.9) than wide (PW 6.5) and distance between them (PD 10.0) wider than their width; cephalic ridges absent. Forelimbs short; forearm length (FAL 11.5) shorter than hand length (HAL 13.7); fingers rather thin, FLI longer to FLII, FLIII longest (7.1 mm); relative length of fingers: I <II <IV <III; tips of fingers rounded; subarticular tubercles prominent, single, all present; prepollex oval, distinct; single rounded prominent palmar tubercle; numerous supernumerary tubercles irregularly set on palm. Hind limbs relatively long and thin, thigh length (TL 21.3) shorter than shank (SHL 21.8) and foot (FOL 22.6) length; relative length of toes: I <II <V <III <IV; tips of all toes rounded without discs; webbing between toes present, small: I 1 - 1 II 1 - 2 - III 1 - 3 IV 3 - 1 V; dermal fringes present on all toes; subarticular tubercles rather well-developed, oval; inner metatarsal tubercle present, prominent, its length (IMT 3.1) shorter than outer metatarsal tubercle (OMT 3.7); numerous weakly developed supernumerary tubercles set on foot. Skin. Dorsal surfaces of head sparsely granular; lateral surfaces of head shagreened with scattered tubercles; upper eyelids with glandular warts possessing horny spinules; anterior and posterior parts of back with glandular warts possessing horny spinules, larger warts towards posterior back; flanks glandular without warts or horny spinules; dorsal surfaces of thigh, shank, and tarsus glandular. Ventral surfaces of throat, chest, belly, and thighs with fine glandular projections without horny spinules or warts. Secondary sexual characters. Female (ZMUC 131137): ova white, pigmented on pole (diameter 0.8 - 1.0 mm, N = 20); Male (SDBDU 2018.4111): light brown granular projections on the lateral surfaces of fingers I, II, and III. Colour in preservation: dorsal surfaces of head and body uniformly fawn, some spines brown; dorsal surface of fore-and hind limbs light fawn; ventral surfaces of head, body, and limbs light grey (Fig. 1). Colour in life (based on other material studied): dorsum yellowish-brown, straw, light brown, or olive green, with or without grey or brown patches; and a pair of faint discontinuous dorsolateral lines; ventral surfaces greyish-white (Fig. 2).	en	Bisht, Karan, Garg, Sonali, Sarmah, A. N. D. Akalabya, Sengupta, Saibal, Biju, S. D. (2021): Lost, forgotten, and overlooked: systematic reassessment of two lesser-known toad species (Anura, Bufonidae) from Peninsular India and another wide-ranging northern species. Zoosystematics and Evolution 97 (2): 451-470, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.61770, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.61770
304D1635ED2A5B81B320F58739B79EE7.taxon	distribution	Distribution and natural history. Duttaphrynus stomaticus is one of the most widely-distributed species of the genus, occurring between elevations of sea-level to 2500 m asl in India (through Indo-Gangetic Plains, upper and lower Indus Valleys) and the neighbouring Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan (Balochistan), Afghanistan, and Iran (Suppl. materal 1: Table S 1). This species is known to occur in varying climatic conditions and habitats, ranging from dry scrub forests, arid and semi-arid regions, hot and humid mixed forests, plains, and grasslands to drier and colder regions, montane woodlands and forests (Choudhury et al. 2001; Mehta 2005; Deuti et al. 2014; Safaei-Mahroo et al. 2015). Genetically confirmed records of this species exist from India, Afghanistan, and Pakistan (Suppl. materal 1: Table S 3). In the present study, we specifically confirm the presence of D. stomaticus in the Indian States of Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Punjab, Rajasthan, and Uttarakhand (Suppl. materal 1: Table S 3) and also clarify the identity of some previously published DNA sequences from Peninsular India (Van Bocxlaer et al. 2009; Shouche and Ghate 2007, unpublished GenBank data) as belonging to D. peninsularis. Hence, records of D. stomaticus from Peninsular India (south of Maharashtra and possibly Odisha) are currently presumed to be doubtful and will require verification of all known populations (see D. peninsularis for discussion). The reports of D. stomaticus from Karnataka and Tamil Nadu States (Hegde 2012; Ramachandra et al. 2012; Seshadri et al. 2012; Ganesh et al. 2020) likely refer to D. peninsularis. A report of D. olivaceus from Gurgaon, India (Ray and Deuti 2008) is also questionable (Heydari and Rastegar-Pouyani 2010) and considered to represent D. stomaticus based on our fresh collections from Delhi and surrounding North Indian regions. Duttaphrynus stomaticus is predominantly a nocturnal species. In this study, we found individuals of this species in urban, rural, and secondary forested areas during the breeding season (usually between May-August). Calling and breeding activities were observed in agricultural fields and temporary puddles in urban and rural landscapes, whereas inside secondary forests breeding was observed in shallow parts of flowing streams.	en	Bisht, Karan, Garg, Sonali, Sarmah, A. N. D. Akalabya, Sengupta, Saibal, Biju, S. D. (2021): Lost, forgotten, and overlooked: systematic reassessment of two lesser-known toad species (Anura, Bufonidae) from Peninsular India and another wide-ranging northern species. Zoosystematics and Evolution 97 (2): 451-470, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.61770, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.61770
