taxonID	type	description	language	source
AB184868FFB0FFBEFC8BF923FBB372AA.taxon	diagnosis	Mitriostigmati barteri Hook. f. ex Hiern affinis sed ab illa habitu monocauli (versus frutescenti et ramoso), nervorum secundariorum numero ab utroque latere 8 - 12 (versus 6 - 9) atque inflorescentiis supra-axillaribus in paribus oppositis (versus pseudo-axillaribus) differt.	en	Sonke´, Bonaventure, Simo, Murielle, Dessein, Steven (2009): Synopsis of the genus Mitriostigma (Rubiaceae) with a new monocaulous species from south Cameroon. Nordic Journal of Botany 27: 305-312, DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-1051.2009.00415.x
AB184868FFB0FFBEFC8BF923FBB372AA.taxon	materials_examined	Type: Cameroon, south province, Elephant Mountains, 18 Mar 2008 (fl., fr.), Sonké and Simo 4742 (holotype: BR, isotypes: BR, BRLU, K, MO, P, WAG, YA).	en	Sonke´, Bonaventure, Simo, Murielle, Dessein, Steven (2009): Synopsis of the genus Mitriostigma (Rubiaceae) with a new monocaulous species from south Cameroon. Nordic Journal of Botany 27: 305-312, DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-1051.2009.00415.x
AB184868FFB0FFBEFC8BF923FBB372AA.taxon	description	Woody monocaul dwarf, 20 - 30 cm tall, internodes very short. Stems 3 - 6 mm in diameter; bark brown, sparsely hairy when young, becoming glabrous with age. Stipules persistent, ovate - triangular, at the base protruded into an awn, 6.5 - 12 mm long (including 4 - 6 mm long awn), 3 - 4 mm wide at the base, puberulous outside. Leaves decussate; petiole 13 - 18 mm long, sparsely hairy when young; leaf blades obovate, 11 - 19 × 3.5 - 6.5 cm; apex acuminate with acumen (10 -) 13 - 17 (- 20) mm long; base attenuate; leaf surface glabrous above and underneath; mid-vein prominent below, slightly prominent above; secondary veins brochidodromous, prominent below, 8 - 12 on each side of the midrib, ascending, straight to slightly curved at the base, strongly curved at the margin to join with the adjacent vein; intersecondary veins forming a dense reticulate network; domatia absent. Inflorescences supra-axillary and paired at the nodes, shifted ca 2 mm above the nodes, 2 - 10 - flowered, peduncle sparsely pubescent. Flowers 5 - merous, pedicels often pink, 2.5 mm long; bracts and bracteoles often pink, triangular to narrowly triangular, sparsely pubescent particularly at the margin. Corolla buds pink with contorted aestivation to the left. Calyx pink; calyx tube ca 0.3 mm; calyx lobes subequal, triangular, 0.6 - 1.2 mm long, very sparsely pubescent or glabrous. Corolla campanulate, cream - white with pink stripes and dots; corolla tube 10.5 - 12.0 mm long, glabrous outside, with a zone of hairs of ca 2 mm just below the enlarged part of the tube inside; corolla lobes 9 elliptic, 3.5 × 2.9 mm. Anthers entirely included, basifixed, attached ca 7 mm from the base of the corolla tube, ca 4.5 mm long including a 0.1 - 0.2 mm long sterile appendix. Pollen 3 - porate, dispersed as tetrads; sexine (micro-) reticulate. Ovary 2 - locular, glabrous or sparsely pubescent; disc cylindrical, surrounding the base of the style. Style exserted, ca 15 mm long; stigma lobes ca 0.6 mm long. Fruits ovoid to sub-fusiform, crowned by persistent calyx lobes, 19 - 28 × 5 - 9 mm, orange at maturity, glabrous. Seeds 4 - 9 per fruit, 5.3 - 7.3 × 3.2 - 5 mm; seed-coat with fine narrow reticulations.	en	Sonke´, Bonaventure, Simo, Murielle, Dessein, Steven (2009): Synopsis of the genus Mitriostigma (Rubiaceae) with a new monocaulous species from south Cameroon. Nordic Journal of Botany 27: 305-312, DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-1051.2009.00415.x
AB184868FFB0FFBEFC8BF923FBB372AA.taxon	distribution	Distribution, habitat and ecology Mitriostigma monocaule occurs in the Lower Guinean subcentre of endemism (White 1979), and is restricted to the region of south Cameroon (Fig. 4). The area from which M. monocaule is known, supports a closed-canopy evergreen forest with many epiphytes and a rich herb layer, which can be classified as Biafran evergreen forests, rich in Caesalpiniaceae (Letouzey 1985).	en	Sonke´, Bonaventure, Simo, Murielle, Dessein, Steven (2009): Synopsis of the genus Mitriostigma (Rubiaceae) with a new monocaulous species from south Cameroon. Nordic Journal of Botany 27: 305-312, DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-1051.2009.00415.x
AB184868FFB0FFBEFC8BF923FBB372AA.taxon	biology_ecology	Phenology Flowering and fruiting in March. Conservation status Data sparse. On the evidence available, M. monocaule is highly localized, being known only from the southern edge of the Elephant Mountains. So far, it is known from just one site and one single population. This is despite the fact that the species is highly conspicuous in flower and fruit and the fact that two of us have made several lengthy visits to the Elephant Mountains over recent years. We hope that more populations and new sites for M. monocaule will be located in the future. Given its apparent rarity, M. monocaule may be a suitable subject for a propagation and reintroduction scheme.	en	Sonke´, Bonaventure, Simo, Murielle, Dessein, Steven (2009): Synopsis of the genus Mitriostigma (Rubiaceae) with a new monocaulous species from south Cameroon. Nordic Journal of Botany 27: 305-312, DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-1051.2009.00415.x
AB184868FFB0FFBEFC8BF923FBB372AA.taxon	etymology	Etymology The epithet ‘ monocaule ’ refers to the monocaulous life-form of the plant (below).	en	Sonke´, Bonaventure, Simo, Murielle, Dessein, Steven (2009): Synopsis of the genus Mitriostigma (Rubiaceae) with a new monocaulous species from south Cameroon. Nordic Journal of Botany 27: 305-312, DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-1051.2009.00415.x
AB184868FFB0FFBEFC8BF923FBB372AA.taxon	discussion	Diagnostic characters and relationships Floral and seed morphology clearly place the novelty within Mitriostigma. As in the other Mitriostigma species, the corolla is relatively short and 9 campanulate or cylindrical and widened at the apex, and the seeds are rounded to angular but not strongly compressed. This is in contrast with the species of the sister genus Oxyanthus, which are characterized by long cylindrical corollas and strongly compressed seeds. Mitriostigma monocaule takes a rather isolated position within the genus as it has a unique combination of character states (Table 1). With M. usambarense, the new species shares the supra-axillary position of the inflorescences, the relatively short corolla lobes compared to the length of the corolla tube, and the included anthers. However, the leaves of M. usambarense are much smaller, the inflorescences are solitary at the nodes, the corolla tube is longer and only widened at the throat, and the fruits are ellipsoid not ovoid to sub-fusiform. With M. greenwayi it shares the large leaves and the axillary inflorescences paired at the nodes. The corolla of M. monocaule, however, is much shorter, the stipules are narrower, the anthers are included, and the inflorescences are supra-axillary (although we occasionally observed supraaxillary inflorescences in M. greenwayi, De Block et al. 431). With M. barteri, to which we think M. monocaule is most closely related, the novelty shares the included anthers and the very similar flowers and fruits. The habit of the two species is different, however. Mitriostigma barteri is a branched shrub up to 2 m tall, whereas the novelty is a small unbranched woody plant up to 30 cm tall. Robbrecht (1988) has tentatively proposed the term ‘ monocaul dwarfs’ for this kind of life-form, and the term has since then been used regularly in Rubiaceae systematics. In older literature this life-form has been reported under vague terms such as sub-shrub, treelet, or by means of intricate circumscriptions, e. g. ‘‘ small pachycaul treelet’ ’ (Ridsdale et al. 1972) or ‘‘ unbranched understorey treelet’ ’ (Ridsdale 1975). Apart from the monocaulous growth form and the supra-axillary inflorescences paired at the nodes, M. monocaule differs from M. barteri in the somewhat larger leaves with more numerous secondary veins and a more pronounced acumen (Table 1). The finding of M. monocaule confirms that the genus Mitriostigma is morphologically heterogeneous, which might support the suggestion of Bridson (1979) that several subgenera could be recognized.	en	Sonke´, Bonaventure, Simo, Murielle, Dessein, Steven (2009): Synopsis of the genus Mitriostigma (Rubiaceae) with a new monocaulous species from south Cameroon. Nordic Journal of Botany 27: 305-312, DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-1051.2009.00415.x
AB184868FFB6FFBCFF19FE37FB9276C3.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (designated here): South Africa, Kwazulu Natal Province, Port Natal (= Durban), Krauss 144 (holotype: B $, lectotype: K 000419875 in K, isolectotypes: BM, BOL, K, TCD).	en	Sonke´, Bonaventure, Simo, Murielle, Dessein, Steven (2009): Synopsis of the genus Mitriostigma (Rubiaceae) with a new monocaulous species from south Cameroon. Nordic Journal of Botany 27: 305-312, DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-1051.2009.00415.x
AB184868FFB6FFBCFF19FE37FB9276C3.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (designated here): South Africa, Kwazulu Natal Province, Port Natal (= Durban), Gueinzius, s. n. (lectotype: K 000419871 in K, isolectotypes: K, TCD).	en	Sonke´, Bonaventure, Simo, Murielle, Dessein, Steven (2009): Synopsis of the genus Mitriostigma (Rubiaceae) with a new monocaulous species from south Cameroon. Nordic Journal of Botany 27: 305-312, DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-1051.2009.00415.x
AB184868FFB6FFBCFF19FE37FB9276C3.taxon	distribution	Distribution Zanzibar - Inhambane regional mosaic and Tongaland - Pondoland regional mosaic: Mozambique to northeast Cape Province (Fig. 4).	en	Sonke´, Bonaventure, Simo, Murielle, Dessein, Steven (2009): Synopsis of the genus Mitriostigma (Rubiaceae) with a new monocaulous species from south Cameroon. Nordic Journal of Botany 27: 305-312, DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-1051.2009.00415.x
AB184868FFB6FFBCFF19FE37FB9276C3.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined Mozambique Cabo Delgado Province: Palma District, andados 4 km do Cabo Delgado para palma, Torre and Paiva 12113 (LISC). Inhambane Province: Inhambane, Sim 20871 (K, LISC photo, PRE). South Africa Kwazulu-Natal Province: ‘‘ Natal ’’, Gerrard 383 (K); ibid., Sutherland s. n. (K); Dukuduku forest, Forest Dept 12 (K); St. Lucia Bay, Evans 3613 (K); Umzumkulu (? = Umzimkulu), Bisset s. n. (K); Inanda, 3 miles north of Umhlanga Rocks, Moll 2994 (K); St Lucia Estuary, Pooley 1730 (K); Umzinto, along road Undoni park, Strey 5972 (K); Durban, Marloth 4186 (K); St Lucia, Lansdell 14 (K); Mapelane (= Maphelane), du Toit 1266 (K); Stanger, Hawaan forest, northwest of Umhlanga Rocks, du Toit 1309 (K); Port Shepstone district, Port Edward, Strey 4924 (K). Eastern Cape Province: Port St Johns, Manteku, Dakane location, Strey 10202 (K); Port Saint Johns, Theron 1577 (K); Lusikisiki, Umsikaba (river) mouth, Codd 9724 (K); near Lusikisiki, on the property of Magwa Tea Corporation, Egoso forest above Magwa falls, Balwkill et al. 1916 (K); Lusikisiki, Magwa falls, Strey 6721 (K); Port St Johns, Ntsubane forest, Strey 8597 (K); south bank Msikaba river, 1.5 miles from the coast, Pondoland, Miller 2588 (K); Ntsubane, Fraser falls vallee, Venter 858 (K); Msikaba river mouth, Venter 974 (K); Port St Johns district, Mount Thesiger, Balkwill et al. 1758 (K). Cultivated at NBGB: Robbrecht 841 (BR); Robbrecht 941 (BR); De Block 1408 (BR).	en	Sonke´, Bonaventure, Simo, Murielle, Dessein, Steven (2009): Synopsis of the genus Mitriostigma (Rubiaceae) with a new monocaulous species from south Cameroon. Nordic Journal of Botany 27: 305-312, DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-1051.2009.00415.x
AB184868FFB6FFBCFC8BFF48FC7473F5.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (designated here): Equatorial Guinea, Bioko, Mann 234 (lectotype: K 000419877 in K, isolectotypes: BR (photo), K, P).	en	Sonke´, Bonaventure, Simo, Murielle, Dessein, Steven (2009): Synopsis of the genus Mitriostigma (Rubiaceae) with a new monocaulous species from south Cameroon. Nordic Journal of Botany 27: 305-312, DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-1051.2009.00415.x
AB184868FFB6FFBCFC8BFF48FC7473F5.taxon	distribution	Distribution Lower Guinean regional subcentre of endemism: Bioko, Cameroon (Fig. 4).	en	Sonke´, Bonaventure, Simo, Murielle, Dessein, Steven (2009): Synopsis of the genus Mitriostigma (Rubiaceae) with a new monocaulous species from south Cameroon. Nordic Journal of Botany 27: 305-312, DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-1051.2009.00415.x
AB184868FFB6FFBCFC8BFF48FC7473F5.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined Cameroon Southwest Province: Bakingili, Akogo 150 (SCA); Upper Boando, Cable 265 (K, SCA); Etinde, Etuge 1242 (K); lower slopes of Mount Etinde (Small Mount Cameroon), ca 10 km west of Limbe, above the village of Batoke, Maurin et al. 6 (K); Moliwe, Hunt 95 (SCA); Dikulu, Jaff 87 (SCA); between Upper Boando and Etome, Kwangue 136 (K, SCA); Mabeta - Moliwe, Watts 174 (SCA); ibid., Sunderland 1469 (K), ibid., Tchouto 181 (K, SCA, WAG, YA); Moliwe, Watts 202 (SCA); ibid., Watts 420 (SCA); Mbonge village, Mambo and Thomas 150 (BR, MO, WAG); Etome, Nning 127 (SCA); Mabeta, Etome, Tchouto 1628 (SCA); Bolo forest on Kumba - Mamfe road, 50 km north of Kumba, Thomas and Nemba 5897 (K, MO, YA); mature (old secondary) forest in northeastern corner of Korup National Park, near Baro village, Thomas 3360 (K, MO, YA). Littoral Province: near Ndoktiba, Bafang-Yabassi road, 15 km southsoutheast Nkondjok, Letouzey 11168 (K, P, WAG, YA). Equatorial Guinea Bioko, Carvalho and Casas 3000 - 2 (K); ibid. Barter s. n. (K, syntype).	en	Sonke´, Bonaventure, Simo, Murielle, Dessein, Steven (2009): Synopsis of the genus Mitriostigma (Rubiaceae) with a new monocaulous species from south Cameroon. Nordic Journal of Botany 27: 305-312, DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-1051.2009.00415.x
AB184868FFB6FFBDFC8BFA7EFDFB77B2.taxon	materials_examined	Type: Kenya, Kwale District, Jadini, Greenway 9639 (holotype: K, isotypes: EA, PRE).	en	Sonke´, Bonaventure, Simo, Murielle, Dessein, Steven (2009): Synopsis of the genus Mitriostigma (Rubiaceae) with a new monocaulous species from south Cameroon. Nordic Journal of Botany 27: 305-312, DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-1051.2009.00415.x
AB184868FFB6FFBDFC8BFA7EFDFB77B2.taxon	distribution	Distribution Zanzibar - Inhambane regional mosaic: southeast Kenya (Fig. 4).	en	Sonke´, Bonaventure, Simo, Murielle, Dessein, Steven (2009): Synopsis of the genus Mitriostigma (Rubiaceae) with a new monocaulous species from south Cameroon. Nordic Journal of Botany 27: 305-312, DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-1051.2009.00415.x
AB184868FFB6FFBDFC8BFA7EFDFB77B2.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined Kenya Coast Province: Mwarakaya, Brenan, Gillett, Kanuri and Chamba 14669 (BR, K, WAG); ibid., Luke and Robertson 2628 (EA, K); Kaya forest, Hawthorne 205, 247 (K); Kambe Kaya near Maereni village, Hawthorne 114 (K); Pangani, crossing of Lwandani stream on Chonyi-Ribe road, R. B. Faden, A. J. Faden, Gillett and Gachathi 77 / 531 (BR, K, MO, WAG); Monbassa, Kaya Diani, De Block, Muasya, Stieperaere and Bytebier 431 (BR, EA, MO); Kilifi District, Ribe Kaya Forest on Chonyi-Ribe road, R. B. Faden, A. J. Faden, Gillett and Gachathi 77 / 542 (K); Mleji river, Luke 4702 (K); Kaya Kambe, Robertson and Luke 4788 (EA, K); Kaya Diani, Robertson and Luke 5888 (EA, K); ibid., Robertson and Luke 5935 (EA); ibid., W. R. Q. Luke and P. A. Luke 9019 (EA, UPS).	en	Sonke´, Bonaventure, Simo, Murielle, Dessein, Steven (2009): Synopsis of the genus Mitriostigma (Rubiaceae) with a new monocaulous species from south Cameroon. Nordic Journal of Botany 27: 305-312, DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-1051.2009.00415.x
AB184868FFB6FFBCFF19FF18FDB87733.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Mitriostigmaaxillare Hochst.	en	Sonke´, Bonaventure, Simo, Murielle, Dessein, Steven (2009): Synopsis of the genus Mitriostigma (Rubiaceae) with a new monocaulous species from south Cameroon. Nordic Journal of Botany 27: 305-312, DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-1051.2009.00415.x
AB184868FFB7FFBDFF28FD8CFE957320.taxon	materials_examined	Type: Tanzania, west Usambara Mountains, Mazumbai, Lovett, J. C. and Lovett, I. M. 171 (holotype: K, isotypes: BR, DSM, MO).	en	Sonke´, Bonaventure, Simo, Murielle, Dessein, Steven (2009): Synopsis of the genus Mitriostigma (Rubiaceae) with a new monocaulous species from south Cameroon. Nordic Journal of Botany 27: 305-312, DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-1051.2009.00415.x
AB184868FFB7FFBDFF28FD8CFE957320.taxon	distribution	Distribution Afromontane regional centre of endemism: mountain ranges of northeast Tanzania (Fig. 4).	en	Sonke´, Bonaventure, Simo, Murielle, Dessein, Steven (2009): Synopsis of the genus Mitriostigma (Rubiaceae) with a new monocaulous species from south Cameroon. Nordic Journal of Botany 27: 305-312, DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-1051.2009.00415.x
AB184868FFB7FFBDFF28FD8CFE957320.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined Tanzania Kilimanjaro region: same district, south Pare Mountains, Chome forest reserve, Festo, Gereau and Umila 94 (BR, MO); ibid., Kindeketa, Mwasumbi and Mlangwa 1302, 1302 A, 1295 (BR, MO); ibid., Mwangoka, Mwasumbi and Umila 1085 (BR, MO); ibid., Mwangoka and Mwangulango 1104 (BR, K, MO). Tanga region: Balangai West Forest Reserve, southeast slope of Kilimandege, Borhidi, Demissew, Hedren and Iversen 84298 (K, VBI); ibid., Borhidi, Demissew, Hedrén and Iversen 84299 (NHT); west Usambara Mountains, Kwamshunde, Tanner 261 (K); Lushoto, Usambara Mountains, Balslev 302 (MO).	en	Sonke´, Bonaventure, Simo, Murielle, Dessein, Steven (2009): Synopsis of the genus Mitriostigma (Rubiaceae) with a new monocaulous species from south Cameroon. Nordic Journal of Botany 27: 305-312, DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-1051.2009.00415.x
