identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
0FE30F2CBE515498BF00D949FFB4ECE8.text	0FE30F2CBE515498BF00D949FFB4ECE8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhytidhysteron cozumelense Cobos-Villagran, R. Valenz., Hdz-Rdz., Calvillo-Medina & Raymundo 2021	<div><p>Rhytidhysteron cozumelense Cobos-Villagran, R. Valenz., Hdz-Rdz., Calvillo-Medina &amp; Raymundo sp. nov</p> <p>Fig. 2</p> <p>Diagnosis.</p> <p>Differs from Rhytidhysteron rufulum in its host (Bignoniaceae), size of ascomata (2.5-3.5 × 1.1-1.5 × 1.0-1.9 mm), asci (182-191 × 12-13 μm) and its reaction with KOH being faster (one to five seconds).</p> <p>Type.</p> <p>Holotype: Mexico. Quintana Roo, Cozumel Municipality, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-86.84417&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.497223" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -86.84417/lat 20.497223)">San Gervasio Chen-tuk</a> archaeological zone, 20°29'50"N, -86°50'39"W, 0 m a.s.l., 21 January 2018, A. Cobos-Villagrán 951 (ENCB), on Tabebuia rosea DC. (Bignoniaceae), GenBank: LSUMW9394459, ITSMZ056797, tef1MZ457338.</p> <p>Description.</p> <p>Ascomata hysterothecial to apothecial 2.5-3.5 mm long, 1.1-1.5 mm wide, (0.8)1.0-1.9 mm high, erumpent, solitary, boat-shaped hysterothecia, subglobose, elongated, compressed in the apex, with conspicuous longitudinal groove or cleft and becoming lenticular when mature or exposed to moisture, black, carbonaceous when dry. Margin involute, smooth to perpendicularly slightly striated, black. Exciple integrated in two layers, the first carbonaceous, glabrous, 45-100 μm thick, wide at the base, composed of pseudoparenchymal cells of textura prismatica (iso-radiating cells), thick-walled, the second composed of cells hyaline, thin-walled. Pseudoparaphyses up to 2.5 μm wide, filamentous, capitate, hyaline, septate, enclosed in a gelatinous matrix, strongly anastomosed above the asci. Epithecium reddish brown (8F7) when fresh, black in old specimens or when dry, becoming greyish magenta (13B5) in the presence of 10% KOH. Asci 182-191 × 12-13 μm, bitunicate, cylindrical, hyaline, uniseriate, octosporic, thick-walled, with a sinuous base. Ascospores 26-29(-31) × 9-11 (-13) μm, (x̄= 28 × 10.2 μm, n = 30), ellipsoidal to fusiform, rounded at both ends, dark brown in colour with three transverse septa, with a thick and smooth wall.</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Known from a single local Island in the Cozumel Biosphere Reserve, Mexico.</p> <p>Ecology.</p> <p>Dead twigs of Tabebuia rosea DC. (Bignoniaceae).</p> <p>Etymology.</p> <p>The epithet refers to the Island in the Cozumel Biosphere Reserve where the species was found.</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Mexico, Quintana Roo, Cozumel Municipality, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-86.84528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.498333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -86.84528/lat 20.498333)">San Gervasio Chen-tuk</a> archaeological zone, 20°29'54"N, -86°50'43"W, 13 m a.s.l., 21 January 2018, T. Raymundo 7321, R. Valenzuela 17985 (ENCB); 17 June 2018, A. Cobos-Villagrán 1838 (ENCB).</p> <p>Notes.</p> <p>Rhytidhysteron cozumelense is characterised by black ascomata with a reddish brown epithecium and a smooth to slightly striated margin that, in reaction with 10% KOH, changes to greyish magenta. R. mesophilum has a similar reaction in KOH, but with several tones of green in the hysterothecia, a reddish orange to orange red epithecium and a perpendicularly striate with irregular slits and yellowish green pruina in margin. R. rufulum has a magenta reaction in KOH and strongly striated margin. Tabebuia rosea is reported as a new host for a Rhytidhysteron species.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0FE30F2CBE515498BF00D949FFB4ECE8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Cobos-Villagran, Aurora;Valenzuela, Ricardo;Hernandez-Rodriguez, Cesar;Calvillo-Medina, Rosa Paulina;Villa-Tanaca, Lourdes;Mateo-Cid, Luz Elena;Perez-Valdespino, Abigail;Martinez-Gonzalez, Cesar Ramiro;Raymundo, Tania	Cobos-Villagran, Aurora, Valenzuela, Ricardo, Hernandez-Rodriguez, Cesar, Calvillo-Medina, Rosa Paulina, Villa-Tanaca, Lourdes, Mateo-Cid, Luz Elena, Perez-Valdespino, Abigail, Martinez-Gonzalez, Cesar Ramiro, Raymundo, Tania (2021): Three new species of Rhytidhysteron (Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota) from Mexico. MycoKeys 83: 123-144, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.83.68582, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.83.68582
D90B3B73DC8B5D27A3392DE8873D01D8.text	D90B3B73DC8B5D27A3392DE8873D01D8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhytidhysteron esperanzae Cobos-Villagran, R. Valenz. & Raymundo 2021	<div><p>Rhytidhysteron esperanzae Cobos-Villagran, R.Valenz. &amp; Raymundo sp. nov</p> <p>Fig. 3</p> <p>Diagnosis.</p> <p>Different from most Rhytidhysteron species by having greyish-green ascomata with greenish-grey to yellow epithecium in the presence of KOH, and large and wide ascospores (45-47 × 17-19 μm).</p> <p>Type.</p> <p>Holotype: Mexico. Oaxaca, Sierra de Juárez, Chinantla, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-96.36694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.631945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -96.36694/lat 17.631945)">Santiago Comaltepec Municipality</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-96.36694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.631945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -96.36694/lat 17.631945)">La Esperanza</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-96.36694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.631945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -96.36694/lat 17.631945)">Carretera Oaxaca-Tuxtepec Km</a> 51, 17°37'55"N, -96°22'01"W, 1600 m a.s.l., 23 May 2017, T. Raymundo 6579 (ENCB). GenBank: LSUMW9394457, ITSMZ056795.</p> <p>Etymology.</p> <p>The epithet refers to the locality "La Esperanza" where the species was found.</p> <p>Description.</p> <p>Ascomata hysterothecial to apothecial, (2-)3-4.5 mm long, (1.2-)2-3 mm wide, (1-)1.7-2.4 mm high, superficial, solitary, rarely gregarious, boat-shaped hysterothecia, elongated, straight or flexuous, with sharp ends, opening in a discoid shape when ripe or with humidity, exposing the hymenium, taking the apothecial shape of 3-4 mm in diameter, brown (6D7), dull-green (30E4) to black. Margin involute, perpendicularly striate, greyish green (30C4) to dull green (30D4). Exciple integrated in two layers, the first carbonaceous, glabrous, 60-220 μm wide, thinning in the apical part, the middle part and the base are thicker, composed of pseudoparenchymal cells of textura globulosa-angularis (isodiametric cells), 11 × 10 μm, thick-walled, 3 μm wide, the second slightly pigmented to hyaline, thin-walled. Pseudoparaphyses up to 4 μm wide, filamentous, capitate, apical part wider, straight, hyaline, with a septum, enclosed in a gelatinous matrix, strongly anastomosed above the asci. Epithecium dark green (30F4) to black, becoming yellow (2A7) in the presence of 10% KOH. Asci (250-)265-270 × (18-)19-20 μm, bitunicate, cylindrical, rounded apex, hyaline, uniseriate, octosporic, thick-walled, with a short pedicel. Ascospores of (42-)45-47(-49) × (15-)17-19(-23) μm, (x̄= 45 × 17.2 μm, n = 30), ellipsoidal to spindle-shaped, rounded or pointed at both ends, reddish-brown to brown when mature, with three transverse septa, constricted at the septa, thick-walled and smooth.</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Known from a single locality in a forest in La Esperanza, Mexico.</p> <p>Ecology.</p> <p>Dead stems and twigs in tropical cloud forest dominated by Oreomunnea mexicana Standl. J.-F. Leroy (Juglandaceae).</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Mexico. Oaxaca. Sierra de Juárez, Santiago Comaltepec Municipality, La Esperanza, Carretera Oaxaca-Tuxtepec Km 51, 17°37'55"N, -96°22'01"W, 1600 m a.s.l., 22 <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-96.36694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.631945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -96.36694/lat 17.631945)">May</a>, 2017, R. Valenzuela 17206 (ENCB); 23 May 2017, A. Cobos-Villagrán 498 (ENCB); 25 May 2017, E. Campero 3 (ENCB), 30 April 2018, A. Cobos-Villagrán 1119 (ENCB), A. Gay AG30041814 (ENCB).</p> <p>Notes.</p> <p>Rhytidhysteron esperanzae, is characterised by a brown, dull-green to black exciple and dark green to black epithecium that, in reaction with 10% KOH, changes to yellow colouration. This colouration with KOH is very different than those of of R. rufulum and R. neorufulum which are magenta and violet, respectively. R. esperanzae have larger ascospores than R. rufulum (22.4-30.4 × 8-9.6 μm) and R. mexicanum (34-40 × 10-12 μm). Ecologically, this new species grows in a tropical cloud forest dominated by Oreomunnea mexicana Standl. J.-F. Leroy (Juglandaceae).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D90B3B73DC8B5D27A3392DE8873D01D8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Cobos-Villagran, Aurora;Valenzuela, Ricardo;Hernandez-Rodriguez, Cesar;Calvillo-Medina, Rosa Paulina;Villa-Tanaca, Lourdes;Mateo-Cid, Luz Elena;Perez-Valdespino, Abigail;Martinez-Gonzalez, Cesar Ramiro;Raymundo, Tania	Cobos-Villagran, Aurora, Valenzuela, Ricardo, Hernandez-Rodriguez, Cesar, Calvillo-Medina, Rosa Paulina, Villa-Tanaca, Lourdes, Mateo-Cid, Luz Elena, Perez-Valdespino, Abigail, Martinez-Gonzalez, Cesar Ramiro, Raymundo, Tania (2021): Three new species of Rhytidhysteron (Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota) from Mexico. MycoKeys 83: 123-144, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.83.68582, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.83.68582
DFC24A9BFC9D52E8BDB980345652D3E4.text	DFC24A9BFC9D52E8BDB980345652D3E4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhytidhysteron mesophilum Cobos-Villagran, R. Valenz., Hdz. - Rdz., Calvillo-Medina & Raymundo 2021	<div><p>Rhytidhysteron mesophilum Cobos-Villagran, R. Valenz., Hdz.-Rdz., Calvillo-Medina &amp; Raymundo sp. nov.</p> <p>Fig. 4</p> <p>Diagnosis.</p> <p>Differs from Rhytidhysteron rufulum by its green-yellowish pruina on the margins, size of asci (267-282 × 15.5-16 μm) and larger ascospores (40-44 × 12-14 μm).</p> <p>Type.</p> <p><a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.74777&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.808887" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.74777/lat 20.808887)">Molango de Escamilla Municipality</a>, Laguna Atezca, 20°48'32"N, -98°44'52"W, 1281 m a.s.l., 01 June 2018, A. Trejo 74 (ENCB). GenBank: LSUMW9394461, ITSMZ056799.</p> <p>Etymology.</p> <p>The epithet refers to the type of vegetation (mountain mesophilic forest) it was collected from.</p> <p>Description.</p> <p>Ascomata hysterothecial to apothecial, 2.5-4 mm long, 1.0-1.5 mm wide, 1.4-1.7 mm high, superficial or erumpent, gregarious, rarely solitary, with small hysterothecial ascomata, ellipsoid to oblong and black when young, then boat-shaped hysterothecia, with some constriction in the middle part, flexuous, open in apothecioid ascomata, dark green (30F3-4), dull green (30E3-4), greyish green (30E6-7), deep green (30D-E8) to yellowish green (30B-C8) when mature, forming small ascomata within disc in old specimens. Margin involute, perpendicularly striate, marks are not roughness, rather irregular slits, with yellowish green (30B-C8) pruina. Exciple integrated in two layers, the first carbonaceous, glabrous, green yellowish, 62.5-75 μm thick, in the middle part widening more (112.5-125 μm), composed of pseudoparenchymal cells of textura prismatica (iso-radiating cells), the second composed of cells hyaline, thin-walled. Pseudoparaphyses 2.0-2.5 μm up to 3.0 μm wide, filamentous, capitate, hyaline, without septa, branched towards the apex, enclosed in a gelatinous matrix, strongly anastomosed above the asci. Epithecium reddish orange (7B8) to orange red (8A8), becoming greyish magenta (13D6) in the presence of 10% KOH. Asci 267-282 × 15.5-16 μm, bitunicate, cylindrical, hyaline, uniseriate, octosporic, thick-walled, with a sinuous base. Ascospores (38-)40-44(-46) × 12-14 μm, (x̄= 44.2 × 13.6, n = 30), ellipsoidal to oblong, light brown in colour, with three transverse septa, constricted at the septa, with a thick and smooth wall.</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Known from a single locality in Laguna de Atezca, Molango de Escamilla, Hidalgo, Mexico.</p> <p>Ecology.</p> <p>Dead stems in tropical cloud forest.</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Mexico. Hidalgo, Molango de Escamilla Municipality, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.74777&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.808887" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.74777/lat 20.808887)">Laguna Atezca</a>, 20°48'32"N, -98°44'52"W, 1281 m a.s.l., 01 June 2018; C. Herrera 40 (ENCB), A. Cobos-Villagrán 1800 (ENCB).</p> <p>Notes.</p> <p>Rhytidhysteron mesophilum is characterised by a dark green, dull green, greyish green, deep green to yellowish green hysterothecium, forming small ascomata within disc in old specimens. This fungus could be confused with R. esperanzae because both are found in tropical cloud forest (mesophilic forests) and have similar ascospores. However, R. mesophilum is distinguished by a reddish orange to orange red epithecium, while in R. esperanzae, the epithecium is dark green to black. R. mesophilum also resembles R. columbiense by the presence of a yellowish green (30B-C8) pruina in the margin, but the ascospores are larger (38-52 × 13-18 μm) and the epithecium is brown to dark brown in the second species.</p> <p>A dichotomous key is presented with the species of Rhytidhysteron accepted by Index Fungorum (2021), including the three new species proposed in this work. The key includes the recently described R. mexicanum Cobos-Villagrán, Raymundo, Calvillo-Medina &amp; R. Valenz and R. hongheense Wanas. It should be noted that R. fuscum (Ellis &amp; Everh.) J.L. Bezerra &amp; Kimbr. and R. minor (Cooke) A. Pande are not considered because the first belongs to the genus Tryblidiella and the second is a nom. inval., because the basionym was not indicated and bibliographic reference omitted (Art. 41.5, see Art. 41.7, Melbourne).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DFC24A9BFC9D52E8BDB980345652D3E4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Cobos-Villagran, Aurora;Valenzuela, Ricardo;Hernandez-Rodriguez, Cesar;Calvillo-Medina, Rosa Paulina;Villa-Tanaca, Lourdes;Mateo-Cid, Luz Elena;Perez-Valdespino, Abigail;Martinez-Gonzalez, Cesar Ramiro;Raymundo, Tania	Cobos-Villagran, Aurora, Valenzuela, Ricardo, Hernandez-Rodriguez, Cesar, Calvillo-Medina, Rosa Paulina, Villa-Tanaca, Lourdes, Mateo-Cid, Luz Elena, Perez-Valdespino, Abigail, Martinez-Gonzalez, Cesar Ramiro, Raymundo, Tania (2021): Three new species of Rhytidhysteron (Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota) from Mexico. MycoKeys 83: 123-144, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.83.68582, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.83.68582
