identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
3D6DA32CFFA8B65524F7FE125A3A88C6.text	3D6DA32CFFA8B65524F7FE125A3A88C6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemacroneuria violacea : Enderlein 1909	<div><p>Hemacroneuria violacea Enderlein, 1909</p> <p>(Figs. 1–13)</p> <p>Hemacroneuria violacea: Enderlein 1909: 395. Holotype male: Tonkin, Vietnam.</p> <p>— Stark &amp; Sivec 2008: 174 — Murányi &amp; Li 2016: 189 — Yang &amp; Li 2018: 46.</p> <p>Kiotina violacea: Claassen 1940:156 —Illies. 1966: 343—Du 1999: 318.</p> <p>Acroneuria violacea: Zwick 1973: 491 — Du, Sivec &amp; He 1999: 63.</p> <p>Supplementary description: Adult wings nearly black with metallic green and blue luster. Body generally black, with similar luster to wings, except the ventral arolium, ventral first two tarsomeres, and membranous junction between the ventral thoracic segments are bright yellowish (Figs. 1–6).</p> <p>Adult male: Aedeagus membranous, composed of a long, thick tube at base, the apex abruptly expanded to a wide stem with two pairs of lateral arms and one apical lobe (partially extruded). The apical lobe bears many distinct transverse wrinkles and thick hairs. Much of the aedeagal surface covered with ventral microtrichia and cuticular asperities (Fig. 4).</p> <p>Adult female: Shape of the subgenital plate in our materials same as the figures in Zwick (1973, Fig. 6).</p> <p>Egg: Length ca. 0.47 mm, width ca. 0.34 mm. Outline chicken-egg shaped, collar small, projecting well above posterior pole. Chorion coarsely punctate throughout, without ridges; a paler ring lacking punctations near anterior pole (Fig. 6).</p> <p>Nymph: Triocellate, anterior ocellus highly reduced. Compound eyes small, only 20 % of lateral head length. General color reddish brown, without obvious pattern (Figs. 7–9A). Pronotum smooth on surface, completely fringed with long bristles along lateral margins. Legs with sparse dorsal fringes on femora and tibiae but rather heavily armed with stout setae. Thoracic and anal gills well developed; more than 5 branches present on each gill (Fig. 8). Paraprocts large, apex finger-like and pointed (Figs. 8G).</p> <p>Lacinia triangular, bidentate, five coarse spines below the second tooth, a row of long fine hair from base of spines to articulation of lacinia. Mandible with five stout, short cusps, from basal cusps three rows of stout spines occupy the molar region, two extending on the ventral surface and a third composed of longer spines on the medial surface. Paraglossae flat, inverted triangular, ca. twice the length of glossae. Glossa short, apex with thick fine hairs.</p> <p>Material examined: 8♂♂, 4♀♀, 2 nymphs, 10 shed skins, China, Fujian Province, Wuyishan City, Mount Wuyi (<a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=117.67472&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.74611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 117.67472/lat 27.74611)">Wuyishan</a>), on the way from <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=117.67472&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.74611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 117.67472/lat 27.74611)">Saiyan</a> to <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=117.67472&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.74611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 117.67472/lat 27.74611)">Tongmu Village</a>, 726m, 27°44'46"N, 117°40'29"E, 2021-IV-13, leg. Huo Qing-Bo, Xiang Ya-Nan, Zhu Bin-Qing, Chen Zhi-Qiang; 1♂, 1♀, China, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,, Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County, “Jinzhong highway”, 1100m, 1999-V-10, leg. Xiao Hui; 1♂, China, Guizhou Province, Tongren City, Mount Fanjing (<a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.73&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.8" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.73/lat 27.8)">Fanjingshan</a>), <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.73&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.8" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.73/lat 27.8)">Yamugou</a> stream, 27.80°N, 108.73°E, 2019-VI-9, leg. Hu Zheng-Kun; 1♂, China, Guangdong Province, Shaoguan City, Nanling National Forest Park, 2021 (specimen picked from a collection of local Malaise trap, data and collector unknown).</p> <p>Distribution: China (Fujian, newly recorded in Guangdong, Guangxi and Guizhou); Vietnam.</p> <p>Remarks: This work is the first to describe the nymph of H. violacea. Mandible of nymphs share the same shape with Hemacroneuria marginalis Stark &amp; Sivec, 2008. The interspecific differences are not apparent based on mouthparts. When this species emerges it is easily collected from rocks and bridges by streams (Fig. 9). Specimens from the four geographical populations from China showed no visible intraspecific differences in morphology.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D6DA32CFFA8B65524F7FE125A3A88C6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Huo, Qing-bo;Zhu, Bin-Qing;Du, Yu-Zhou	Huo, Qing-bo, Zhu, Bin-Qing, Du, Yu-Zhou (2021): New illustrations, new species and new combination of Hemacroneuria Enderlein (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from China. Zootaxa 5032 (4): 563-576, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5032.4.6
3D6DA32CFFA1B65524F7FDAA5C4F8EC3.text	3D6DA32CFFA1B65524F7FDAA5C4F8EC3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemacroneuria mengyuanae Huo & Zhu & Du 2021	<div><p>Hemacroneuria mengyuanae Huo &amp; Du, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs. 14–16)</p> <p>Male: Forewing length ca. 21 mm, hindwing length 19 mm, body length 17 mm. Color dark black, with green and indigo blue metallic luster. Triocellate, anterior ocellus much smaller. Antennae and palpi black. Pronotum rectangular, width about 2X of its length, corners obtuse and lateral margins rounded. Wide black stripe in middle 40% of pronotum containing prominent rugosities, lateral margins bright orange, a narrow white stripe at posterior of black stripe. Wing membranes and vein dark, costal area hyaline (Fig. 14).</p> <p>Abdomen dark brown with slight blue luster (Fig. 15). Tergum 10 with a pair of posterolateral bumps bearing sensilla basiconica patches; anterior margin separated by a pale, longitudinal median notch. Paraprocts bright orange, triangular and wide, curved anteriorly. Hammer large, transversely rounded, and covered by distinct dark granules, slightly elevated in lateral view; surrounded by a large yellowish, axe shape area. Aedeagus membranous, shape similar to H. violacea, but most of surface with a few visible ventral spinules (Fig. 16).</p> <p>Type material: Holotype: 1♂ (ICYZU), China, Guangdong Province, Shaoguan City, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.034164&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.916666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.034164/lat 24.916666)">Nanling National Forest</a> Park, 840 m, 24°54'60" N, 113°2'3" E, 2021-IV-20, leg. Zhao Meng-Yuan.</p> <p>Etymology: The species is named in honor of Miss. Zhao Meng-Yuan, the collector.</p> <p>Distribution: China (Guangdong Province).</p> <p>Remark: The new species is similar to H. violacea but can be distinguished by the orange lateral margins of pronotum, orange paraprocts, and the large pale area around the hammer. Specimen was collected by a small river (width: 5~ 10m) surrounded by dense riparian vegetation.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D6DA32CFFA1B65524F7FDAA5C4F8EC3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Huo, Qing-bo;Zhu, Bin-Qing;Du, Yu-Zhou	Huo, Qing-bo, Zhu, Bin-Qing, Du, Yu-Zhou (2021): New illustrations, new species and new combination of Hemacroneuria Enderlein (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from China. Zootaxa 5032 (4): 563-576, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5032.4.6
3D6DA32CFFA3B65624F7FAF25DC889CA.text	3D6DA32CFFA3B65624F7FAF25DC889CA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemacroneuria flavomarginata (Wu 1962) Huo & Zhu & Du 2021	<div><p>Hemacroneuria flavomarginata (Wu, 1962), new combination</p> <p>(Fig. 17)</p> <p>Brahmana flavomarginata: Wu 1962: 150. Holotype male: Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China.</p> <p>Illies: 1966: 632— Zwick 1973: 273 — Du, Sivec &amp; He 1999: 63 — Du &amp; Sivec 2005: 42 — Murányi &amp; Li 2016:183 — Yang &amp; Li 2018: 45.</p> <p>Locality of observation: China, Yunnan Province, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.394165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.962778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.394165/lat 25.962778)">Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture</a>, ca. 25°57'46"N, 100°23'39"E, 2017-VI-21, photo taken by Zhao Yu-Chen.</p> <p>Remarks: We recently obtained a photograph of a live “ Brahmana flavomarginata ” from the type locality that matches the description and illustration in Wu (1962) and Cao &amp; Bae (2012) (Fig. 17A, B). Our examination of this specimen and the descriptions provided in the above two papers clearly demonstrate that this species belongs to Hemacroneuria. We therefore formally transfer the species to Hemacroneuria, removing the only species of Brahmana in China and Asia east of the Indian subcontinent.</p> <p>Hemacroneuria flavomarginata (Wu) was previously recorded under Brahmana from several provinces of China, including Yunnan, Gansu and Shaanxi (Du &amp; Sivec 2005; DeWalt 2021). Of the materials we checked, Hemacroneuria baotianmana Chen &amp; Hou, 2020 (from Henan) and another several collections from Sichuan and Chongqing near northern Yunnan were previously identified as “ Brahmana flavomarginata ”. All of these males generally fit Wu’s original description. Their sensilla basiconica patches and paraprocts displayed no distinct differences, but pigmentation of the head and pronotum were different, even in the individuals collected at the same time and locality. These pigmentation patterns may well be intraspecific, geographical differences. At present, the identity of H. flavomarginata remains unclear. An integrative approach that involves the collection of many individuals, proper examination of the aedeagus, and use of DNA barcoding may be necessary to circumscribe H. flavomarginata and to uncover the diversity of the genus in China.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D6DA32CFFA3B65624F7FAF25DC889CA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Huo, Qing-bo;Zhu, Bin-Qing;Du, Yu-Zhou	Huo, Qing-bo, Zhu, Bin-Qing, Du, Yu-Zhou (2021): New illustrations, new species and new combination of Hemacroneuria Enderlein (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from China. Zootaxa 5032 (4): 563-576, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5032.4.6
3D6DA32CFFA5B65124F7FB445E7F8F50.text	3D6DA32CFFA5B65124F7FB445E7F8F50.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kiotina spatulata : Wu 1948	<div><p>Kiotina spatulata Wu, 1948, status revised</p> <p>Kiotina spatulata: Wu 1948: 148. Holotype male: Sichuan, China.</p> <p>Illies 1966: 342 — Du et al. 1999: 64 — Stark &amp; Sivec 2008: 162 — Murányi &amp; Li 2016: 191 — Yang &amp; Li 2018: 47.</p> <p>Hemacroneuria spatulata: Li et al. 2019: 354. Combination.</p> <p>Remarks: The original description and illustrations of Wu (1948) show that this species has large paraprocts and paired sensilla basiconica patches on the male 10th tergum. However, these characteristics are not unique to Hemacroneuria and also exist in the genus Sinacroneuria. In addition, Wu (1948) mentioned that K. spatulata has “ocelli two” (unfortunately, without illustration of head and pronotum), which also occurs in Kiotina or Flavoperla. Previous literature and photographs have shown that all the Hemacroneuria are triocellate. Therefore, we do not believe that spatulata belongs to Hemacroneuria. This species should be replaced in Kiotina until specimens are checked in the future.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D6DA32CFFA5B65124F7FB445E7F8F50	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Huo, Qing-bo;Zhu, Bin-Qing;Du, Yu-Zhou	Huo, Qing-bo, Zhu, Bin-Qing, Du, Yu-Zhou (2021): New illustrations, new species and new combination of Hemacroneuria Enderlein (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from China. Zootaxa 5032 (4): 563-576, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5032.4.6
