taxonID	type	description	language	source
03930216616F9F67FF47FEC8FE8CFA15.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Head distinctly broader than mesosoma and with small denticle or large projection on vertex laterally between scrobal depression and eye. Eye protruding, sometimes situated on tubular process. Face with interantennal region distinctly truncate. Anterior ocellus above scrobal depression. Gena carinate laterally. Anterior margin of pronotum carinate laterally; dorsomedially rounded with raised sculpture close to anterior pronotal margin, sometimes forming distinct spine. Dorsal surface of propodeum lying at approximately 45 ° angle with longitudinal axis of thorax. Propodeum extending beyond bases of metacoxae. Metasoma with long, slender petiole, and with compressed, smooth, lanceolate gaster having Mt 2 – Mt 4 reduced and often patches of white setae on remaining terga (Walker 1862, Burks 1971, DiGiulio 1997).	en	Arias-Penna, Diana Carolina, Pape, Thomas, Krogmann, Lars (2014): Stalk-eyed wasps-review of a largely unnoticed group of morphologically bizarre chalcidoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae: Axima). Zootaxa 3866 (4): 583-590, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3866.4.8
03930216616F9F67FF47FEC8FE8CFA15.taxon	discussion	Comments. Eight species of Axima are known, including the new species described herein, which are restricted to the New World (Table 1). Only three of these are characterized by stalked eyes, a unique morphological modification that led Yoshimoto & Gibson to establish a separate genus for A. diabolus. Lotfalizadeh et al. (2007) recognized A. diabolus as a derived species within Axima and synonymized the name Aplatoides under Axima. So far no male stalk-eyed wasps have been found. Based on the results of a phylogenetic analysis of morphological characters, Lotfalizadeh et al. (2007) proposed seven autapomorphies of Axima: (1) head transverse in frontal view, with protruding eyes; (2) lateral foraminal plate completely delimited laterally; (3) postgenal bridge without median stripe of ornamentation, and only a few digitiform expansions visible; (4) propodeum with elongate nucha; (5) metapleuron with ventral shelf very long; (6) petiole elongate and bent downwards posteriorly; and (7) Mt 5 long. Initially, Axima was placed in the subfamily Aximinae, but this is now considered a synonym of Eurytominae (Stage & Snelling 1986). Currently, A. zabriskiei Howard is the only species for which biological information is associated. This species has been reared as solitary or gregarious ectoparasitoids of dwarf carpenter bees of the genus Ceratina Latreille, subgenus Zadontomerus Ashmead (Apidae: Xylocopinae) (Howard 1890, Rau 1928, Krombein 1960, Peck 1963, Burks 1966, Kislow 1976). The larval development was studied by Burks (1966). The morphological distinctiveness of stalk-eyed wasps led us to treat them here in an informal species group within Axima, i. e., the noyesi species group (= Aplatoides, see Yoshimoto & Gibson 1979 for an extensive diagnosis) and treat the remaining species in the spinifrons species group.	en	Arias-Penna, Diana Carolina, Pape, Thomas, Krogmann, Lars (2014): Stalk-eyed wasps-review of a largely unnoticed group of morphologically bizarre chalcidoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae: Axima). Zootaxa 3866 (4): 583-590, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3866.4.8
03930216616C9F63FF47FB20FFA7FB99.taxon	description	(Figs 1 – 7, 9)	en	Arias-Penna, Diana Carolina, Pape, Thomas, Krogmann, Lars (2014): Stalk-eyed wasps-review of a largely unnoticed group of morphologically bizarre chalcidoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae: Axima). Zootaxa 3866 (4): 583-590, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3866.4.8
03930216616C9F63FF47FB20FFA7FB99.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype female: Colombia, Amazonas, PNN Amacayacu, San Martín, 3 º 46 ' S 70 º 18 ' W 150 m, sweepnet, 01 – 10. iii. 2004, T. Pape & D. Arias leg. M. 4327, IAvH- 80813. The holotype is deposited in Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH), Villa de Leyva, Boyacá, Colombia.	en	Arias-Penna, Diana Carolina, Pape, Thomas, Krogmann, Lars (2014): Stalk-eyed wasps-review of a largely unnoticed group of morphologically bizarre chalcidoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae: Axima). Zootaxa 3866 (4): 583-590, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3866.4.8
03930216616C9F63FF47FB20FFA7FB99.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Median mesoscutal carina (Figs 2, 7) distinctly raised, laterally flanked by rows of piliferous foveae. Mesoscutellar process distinctly higher than level of mesoscutum, dorsally rounded. Metasomal terga without distinct white setation (Figs 1, 9), Mt 5 bare, Mt 6 with few scattered setae (Fig. 9).	en	Arias-Penna, Diana Carolina, Pape, Thomas, Krogmann, Lars (2014): Stalk-eyed wasps-review of a largely unnoticed group of morphologically bizarre chalcidoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae: Axima). Zootaxa 3866 (4): 583-590, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3866.4.8
03930216616C9F63FF47FB20FFA7FB99.taxon	description	Description. Body color (Figs 1 – 7, 9). Body generally brown with ventral and lateral portions of head (Figs 5, 6), mesosoma (Figs 1, 2, 7) and metasoma (Figs 1, 9) yellowish-brown. Legs yellowish brown (Fig. 1). Fore and hind wings hyaline except region immediately below submarginal vein very slightly infumate. Body length: 5.90 mm, head plus mesosoma: 2.35 mm. Head (Figs 1, 2, 5 – 7). Head punctuate, densely covered with white setae (Figs 5, 6), though less distinct, shorter and thinner, dorsally (Fig. 7). Antenna 10 - segmented (Fig. 3). Length of antennal segments (in mm): scape: 0.45, pedicel: 0.06, F 1 (anellus): 0.02, F 2: 0.27, F 3: 0.22, F 4: 0.22, F 5: 0.20, F 6: 0.20, F 7: 0.17, clava: 0.32. F 2 – F 6 densely covered with long setae and shorter longitudinal sensilla (Fig. 3). Longitudinal sensilla arranged in multiple irregular rows (number of rows depending on length of flagellomere). Clava (Fig. 3) one-segmented, densely covered with long setae. Scrobal depression with distinct micro-reticulation. Mesosoma (Figs 1, 2, 7). Pronotum (Fig. 7) 0.47 × as long as wide; with piliferous punctures except for lateral panel of pronotum. Mesoscutum with complete and distinct notauli (Fig. 7); with a noticeable median mesoscutal carina (Figs 2, 7) that is laterally flanked by rows of piliferous foveae, remaining mesoscutum with piliferous punctures. Dorsal surface of axillae with piliferous punctures, posterior portion of axillae smooth with distinct patch of white setae. Axillulae smooth, dorsally defined by distinct carinae. Mesoscutellum expanded dorsally into keel-like median carina, which is continuous to the median mesoscutal carina (Figs 2, 7). Mesepisternum with distinct and broad mesofemoral depression (Fig. 2), the depression delimited anteriorly by a carina that is ventrally continuous with the epicnemial carina and consisting of two rows of impressions, an anterior row of punctures and a posterior row of foveae; mesepisternum anterior to carina with few setae. Mesepimeron (Fig. 2) glabrous, upper mesepimeron marked by deep impression, lower mesepimeron with weakly marked fovea. Ventral mesopleuron with piliferous foveae; mesofurcal pit large, situated anterior to mesotrochantinal plate; mesodiscriminal line present. Metanotum with metascutellar arms carinate; lateral panel of metanotum consisting of row of large fovea; metascutellum carinate, reaching anterior margin but separated from posterior margin of metanotum. Hind wing tegula present, about 1 / 3 length of fore wing tegula. Lateral panel of metapleuron with slightly foveolate punctures and distinct white setation. Patch of white setae present on lateral metepisternum posterior to hind wing articulation (Fig. 2). Ventral metepisternum anteriorly smooth, posterior portion irregularly foveolate and greatly expanded between hind coxae. Propodeum with most piliferous punctures foveolate and much larger than on pro- and mesonotum. Legs (Fig. 1). Fore coxa with large piliferous punctures. Mid and hind coxae setose, with microreticulation. Wings (Fig. 1). Length of submarginal vein: 1.17 mm, marginal vein: 0.77 mm, postmarginal vein: 0.15 mm, stigmal vein: 0.09 mm. Metasoma (Figs 1, 9). Length of metasomal tergites in dorsal view (in mm): Mt 1 (petiole): 0.92, Mt 2: 0.11, Mt 3: 0.15, Mt 4: 0.35, Mt 5: 0.56, Mt 6: 0.61, Mt 7: 0.65, Mt 8 / 9: 0.16. Petiole with indistinct, shallow reticulation; subrectangular in cross section, with four strong carinae delineating each of the dorso- and ventrolateral margins; dorsal surface with median carina along anterior ¾; lateral surface with additional complete length carina. Postpetiolar metasoma with shallow microreticulation; tergites bare except Mt 6 with few isolated setae, Mt 7 with patch of setae posterior to spiracles and Mt 8 / 9 setose (Fig. 9). Length of exposed part of ovipositor in dorsal view: 0.10 mm. Male. Unknown.	en	Arias-Penna, Diana Carolina, Pape, Thomas, Krogmann, Lars (2014): Stalk-eyed wasps-review of a largely unnoticed group of morphologically bizarre chalcidoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae: Axima). Zootaxa 3866 (4): 583-590, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3866.4.8
03930216616C9F63FF47FB20FFA7FB99.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Colombia: Amazonas.	en	Arias-Penna, Diana Carolina, Pape, Thomas, Krogmann, Lars (2014): Stalk-eyed wasps-review of a largely unnoticed group of morphologically bizarre chalcidoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae: Axima). Zootaxa 3866 (4): 583-590, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3866.4.8
03930216616C9F63FF47FB20FFA7FB99.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named after Sid, the lazy but big-hearted ground sloth that features in the computer-animated comedy adventure series Ice Age. The name is based on facial resemblance between these two, which is mainly caused by shared bulbous eyes, and the characteristic anteroventral orientation of accompanying structures (hairs in the ground sloth / cuticular frontal projections in the new species).	en	Arias-Penna, Diana Carolina, Pape, Thomas, Krogmann, Lars (2014): Stalk-eyed wasps-review of a largely unnoticed group of morphologically bizarre chalcidoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae: Axima). Zootaxa 3866 (4): 583-590, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3866.4.8
03930216616C9F63FF47FB20FFA7FB99.taxon	biology_ecology	Host. Unknown.	en	Arias-Penna, Diana Carolina, Pape, Thomas, Krogmann, Lars (2014): Stalk-eyed wasps-review of a largely unnoticed group of morphologically bizarre chalcidoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae: Axima). Zootaxa 3866 (4): 583-590, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3866.4.8
03930216616C9F63FF47FB20FFA7FB99.taxon	discussion	Comment. No anellus was described in the two other known species of the A. noyesi species group. The anellus is present in A. noyesi and can even be traced in the original drawing of the holotype (Subba Rao 1978, figs 17, 18). A re-examination of the slide-mounted antenna of the holotype of A. diabolus revealed the presence of a minute, almost linear anellus (Gibson, pers. comm.).	en	Arias-Penna, Diana Carolina, Pape, Thomas, Krogmann, Lars (2014): Stalk-eyed wasps-review of a largely unnoticed group of morphologically bizarre chalcidoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae: Axima). Zootaxa 3866 (4): 583-590, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3866.4.8
