identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
D2335B4DDC0B526084211BBEB4270004.text	D2335B4DDC0B526084211BBEB4270004.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudostegodera qiului Chen 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pseudostegodera qiului Chen sp. nov.</p>
            <p>(Figs 1, 2, 3B-D, 4E-H, 7A-D, 9A-C)</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>• Holotype, IZCAS TM206978, Zihuaping [紫花坪], core area of Shunhuang Mountain National Nature Reserve [舜皇山国家级自然保护区核心区], Huanglong Town [黄龙镇], Xinning County [新宁县], Shaoyang City [邵阳市], Hunan, China, 26°23'31"N, 110°0'25"E, 945 m a.s.l., 2020-VIII-23, leg. Lu Qiu. •Paratype, MYNU/1, same data as holotype.</p>
            <p>Measurements.</p>
            <p>SDmaj = 31.0 - 34.0 mm, SDmin = 25.0 - 26.4 mm, SH = 12.0 - 13.7 mm (n = 2).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Body whorl incompletely covering partial penultimate whorl. Dart sac apparatus absent. Flagellum present.</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Shell (Fig. 3B-D). Sinistral, large, depressed, thick and solid, dark reddish-brown. Shell with 51/2 convex whorls. Suture impressed. Protoconch 11/4-11/2 whorls, with regularly arranged fine axial striae that may be invisible by weathering or erosion. Growth lines clear, broken into microscopic tubercles of irregular shape. The last 1/8 to 1/4 body whorl compressed, partly covering penultimate whorl. At 1/4 whorl from the aperture, a spiral depression above periphery and a weak depression near umbilicus making a narrowing on body whorl. Whorl after the narrowing reverting to normal broadness. Aperture semilunar, slightly descending. Peristome white, strongly thickened, expanded, and slightly reflexed. Umbilicus broad, approximately 1/3 of shell major diameter. Protoconch visible through umbilicus.</p>
            <p>General anatomy (Fig. 4E-H). Eversible head wart absent. On internal body wall of head region between ommatophorous insertions with tiny pits rather than glands (Fig. 4F). Each side of mantle edge with a leaf-shaped appendage (Fig. 4G, H). Body reddish brown, central dorsa with light longitudinal stripes. Sole dirty white. Jaw arcuate, with ~ 14 more or less projecting ribs (Fig. 4E).</p>
            <p>Genitalia (Fig. 7A-D). Penis sheath short but well developed. Penis somewhat swollen on proximal half, externally simple. In the middle of penis, internally with a single strong longitudinal pilaster almost as thick as epiphallus, ~ 2 mm long (Fig. 7D). Epiphallic papilla absent (Fig. 7D). Flagellum cylindrical, tapering. Vas deferens thin throughout, approximately as long as penis. Dart sac apparatus absent. Bursa copulatrix duct thickened basally. Bursa copulatrix duct longer than 50 mm. Bursa copulatrix rod-shaped.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>This new species is named after Dr Lu Qiu [邱鹭], who provided the specimens and field data.</p>
            <p>Ecology.</p>
            <p>This species was found under rotten wood.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Only known from the type locality (Fig. 2).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p>See under the genus.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D2335B4DDC0B526084211BBEB4270004	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Zhe-Yu;Lyu, Zhi-Tong;Wu, Min	Chen, Zhe-Yu, Lyu, Zhi-Tong, Wu, Min (2021): Systematic revision of Stegodera Martens, 1876 (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora, Camaenidae), with description of a new genus. ZooKeys 1059: 1-21, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1059.68385, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1059.68385
EFBB53B7D14458F5B1ED5B0A2A965DB5.text	EFBB53B7D14458F5B1ED5B0A2A965DB5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudostegodera Wu & Chen 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pseudostegodera Wu &amp; Chen gen. nov.</p>
            <p>Type species.</p>
            <p> Pseudostegodera qiului gen. et sp. nov. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Shell sinistral. Apical whorls with dense fine ribs gradually becoming granules. The last 1/8 to 1/4 body whorl compressed, only partly covering penultimate whorl. Umbilicus broad. Head wart absent. Each side of mantle edge with a leaf-shaped appendage. Penis sheath present. Penis externally simple. Epiphallic papilla absent. Flagellum present. Dart sac apparatus absent.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Conchologically the new genus can be distinguished from  Stegodera by the detached body whorl and penultimate whorl. The new genus is supported to be the closest relative of a clade containing  Stegodera +  Nesiohelix as based on the Maximum Likelihood/Baysian Inference phylogeny shown in Fig. 1A. However, when the Australian camaenids were included in the analysis, the relationships between the new genus,  Stegodera +  Nesiohelix , and all remaining taxa except  Satsuma remained unresolved (Fig. 1B). The new genus is conchologically similar to  Stegodera , however, it differs in certain reproductive characters (see above). We consider that the genital anatomy is more informative than shell features in helicoid systematics (e.g., Criscione and  Köhler 2013). In addition, the loss of the dart sac apparatus in  Bradybaeninae and/or  Camaeninae is not a frequent event during the evolution of  Camaenidae (Fig. 1B). Based on these two considerations, we consider it is reasonable to distinguish this new camaenid taxon as a monotypic genus represented by the new species described below. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EFBB53B7D14458F5B1ED5B0A2A965DB5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Zhe-Yu;Lyu, Zhi-Tong;Wu, Min	Chen, Zhe-Yu, Lyu, Zhi-Tong, Wu, Min (2021): Systematic revision of Stegodera Martens, 1876 (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora, Camaenidae), with description of a new genus. ZooKeys 1059: 1-21, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1059.68385, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1059.68385
B0722042814951EBA94DD218446E36F0.text	B0722042814951EBA94DD218446E36F0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stegodera angusticollis (Martens 1875)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Stegodera angusticollis (Martens, 1875)</p>
            <p>Figures 1, 2, 3A, 4A-D, 5A-C, 6A, B, 8A-C</p>
            <p> Helix angusticollis Martens, 1875a: 2. Martens 1875b: 185; Pfeiffer 1875: 449, 1876: 149, pl. 134, figs 7-10; Gredler 1882: 175; Heude 1882: 36, pl. 15, fig. 8;  Möllendorff 1884: 387. </p>
            <p> Helix (Stegodera) angusticollis . - Martens, 1876 (in Pfeiffer 1870-1876): 149-150; Pilsbry 1890: 7, pl. 1, figs 15-17. </p>
            <p> Plectopylis (Stegodera) angusticollis . - Pilsbry 1894: 147. </p>
            <p> Planispira (Stegodera) angusticollis . - Thiele 1931: 681. </p>
            <p> Stegodera angusticollis . - Gude 1902: 4; Kobelt 1905: 78; Pilsbry 1905: 64, 66, pl. 2, figs 1-3; Gude 1920: 60; Yen 1939: 126, pl. 13, fig. 9; Zilch 1960: fig. 2138; Richardson 1983: 291; Schileyko 2003: 1512, fig. 1948; Chen and Gao 1987: 107, fig. 137; Qian et al. 2008: 289, fig. 169; Qian and Zhou 2014: 120, figure in text. </p>
            <p>Museum material examined.</p>
            <p>  • ZMB. Moll. 31044, syntype, Poyangsee, China, slg. v. Richthofen; ZMB. • ZMB. Moll. 3710/1 China, slg. Paetel; • SMF27113 /3, China: Prov. Hupei, slg. O. v. Moellendorff; • SMF27114 /2, China:  Wǔ-chang-fú , slg. K. Hashagen (ex. Schmacker); • SMF42579 /3, China:  Húbei (Hupe), slg. Ehrmann; • IZCAS TM108733 /1, Kieou-Kiang; • IZCAS TM158903 -158920/18, Ou-tchang h[ien], ex.  Musée Heude; • IZCAS TM159272 -159397/126, Kieou-Kiang, ex.  Musée Heude  . </p>
            <p>New material examined.</p>
            <p>
                  •  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 115.19012/lat 30.00106)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=115.19012&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.00106">One</a>
                 shell of HBUMM08435 (dissected),  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 115.19012/lat 30.00106)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=115.19012&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.00106">Guanyin Cave</a>
                 [观音洞],  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 115.19012/lat 30.00106)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=115.19012&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.00106">Taizi Town</a>
                 [太子镇], Yangxin County [阳新县], Huangshi City [黄石市], Hubei Province, China, 30°0'3.816"N, 115°11'24.428"E, 140 m a.s.l., 2020-X-15, leg. Xiao-Long Wang &amp; Zi-Hao Shen (SDmaj = 26.7 mm, SDmin = 21.3 mm, SH = 11.3 mm)  . •   
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.97639/lat 29.67)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.97639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.67">Three</a>
                 shells of OYKC, one shell of QL,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.97639/lat 29.67)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.97639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.67">Lushui Lake</a>
                 [陆水湖], Chibi City [赤壁市], Xianning City [咸宁市], Hubei Province, China, 29°40'12"N, 113°58'35"E, 2020-X-03, leg. Di Yu &amp; Kai-Chen Ouyang. 
            </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Poyang-See (= Poyang Lake [鄱阳湖], Jiangxi).</p>
            <p>Measurements of new material.</p>
            <p>SDmaj = 26.7-30.6 mm, SDmin = 21.3-23.7 mm, SH = 11.3-12.2 mm (n = 6).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Body whorl completely covering partial penultimate whorl. Penial sheath weakly present. Epiphallic papilla absent. Dart sac apparatus and flagellum present. Mucous glands with numerous tubes.</p>
            <p>Redescription.</p>
            <p>Shell (Fig. 3A). Sinistral, large, solid, rather flat, five whorls, in chestnut and darker near aperture. Suture impressed. Protoconch 11/4 whorls. After ~ 31/2 whorls, growth lines broken into regularly arranged tubercles. Body whorl compressed from the last 1/4 to the last 1/8 whorls, completely covering corresponding part of penultimate whorl including the suture. After the last 1/8 whorls, body whorl becoming as broad as normal again. On the above compressed region, one shorter ventral depression and one longer apical depression present. Aperture semilunar, slightly descending. Peristome chestnut, thickened, expanded, and slightly reflexed. Umbilicus moderately broad; approximately 1/5 of shell major diameter. Protoconch visible through umbilicus.</p>
            <p>General anatomy (Fig. 4A-D). Head wart absent. On internal body wall of head region between ommatophore insertions with tiny pits rather than glands (Fig. 4C). Each side of mantle edge with a leaf-shaped appendage (Fig. 4A, B). Body reddish brown, central dorsa with light longitudinal stripes. Sole dirty white. Jaw arcuate; with 12 more or less projecting ribs (Fig. 4D).</p>
            <p>Genitalia (Figs 5A-C, 6A, B). Penis sheath present but thin and very short. Penis medially slightly thickened, moderately long, ~ 8.8 mm, externally simple. Inside penis with several thin longitudinal pilasters. Epiphallus slightly longer than penis. A very thin membranous sac wrapping distal half of penis with distal end connecting basal penial retractor muscle (Fig. 6B). Flagellum cylindrical, tapering. Vas deferens thin throughout. Dart sac apparatus distally inserting on vagina. Dart sac small. Dart not observed. Membranous sac surrounding terminal genitalia absent. Accessory sac relatively large. Tubes of mucous glands more than twenty, neatly inserting in a single row on distal and same side of dart sac on accessory sac (Figs 5C, 6B). From proximal to distal accessory sac, mucous gland tubes increased gradually in length (Figs 5C, 6B). Papilla distally leading to mucous glands on inner wall of accessory sac integrated into one long thick spongious pilaster on the side of mucous gland tube insertion (Fig. 6A). Bursa copulatrix ball-shaped.</p>
            <p>Ecology.</p>
            <p>This species was observed under litter layer, on nearby rocks and crevices.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Central China: Hubei, Jiangxi (Fig. 2).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The peristome of  Stegodera angusticollis is in chestnut in fresh specimens, but in most museum specimens this color gets faint to white. In  Stegodera angusticollis , the compressed part of body whorl usually completely cover the penultimate whorl, while in  Pseudostegodera qiului gen. et sp. nov. the corresponding part is not so compressed and the compressed part of body whorl can hardly cover the penultimate whorl. </p>
            <p>Some authors (Chen and Gao 1987; Qian et al. 2008; Qian and Zhou 2014) recorded this species in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui, but voucher specimens from these provinces were neither recorded therein nor being found in the mollusk collection deposited in IZCAS where some of them once worked. Therefore, the accuracy of these records needs to be further confirmed.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0722042814951EBA94DD218446E36F0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Zhe-Yu;Lyu, Zhi-Tong;Wu, Min	Chen, Zhe-Yu, Lyu, Zhi-Tong, Wu, Min (2021): Systematic revision of Stegodera Martens, 1876 (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora, Camaenidae), with description of a new genus. ZooKeys 1059: 1-21, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1059.68385, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1059.68385
AA63B94AF093547F99D63E116AAE19D2.text	AA63B94AF093547F99D63E116AAE19D2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stegodera Martens 1876	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Stegodera Martens, 1876</p>
            <p> Helix (Stegodera) Martens in Pfeiffer 1876: 150; Schmacker and Boettger 1894: 173. </p>
            <p> Stegodera . - Pilsbry 1905: 64, Yen 1939: 126; Zilch 1960: 610; Schileyko 2003: 1512. </p>
            <p> Steganodera Kobelt, 1879: 236 (incorrect subsequent spelling or unjustified emendation); Schileyko 2003: 1512 (syn pro  Stegodera Martens, 1876). </p>
            <p> Plectopylis (Stegodera) . - Pilsbry 1894: 147. </p>
            <p> Planispira (Stegodera) . - Thiele 1931: 681. </p>
            <p>Type species.</p>
            <p> Helix angusticollis Martens, 1875, by original designation. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Shell sinistral. Apical whorls with dense fine ribs that gradually becoming granules. The last 1/4 body whorl compressed, apically covering the contacted penultimate whorl. Peristome expanded and slightly reflexed. Head wart absent. Each side of mantle edge with a leaf-shaped appendage. Penis sheath weakly present. Penis externally simple. Epiphallic papilla absent. Flagellum present. Dart sac apparatus present. Accessory sac well developed. Mucous glands with numerous gland tubes. Membranous sac surrounding terminal genitalia absent. Poly-layered structure in dart sac and/or accessory sac absent.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This genus was considered as a subgenus of  Helix Linnaeus, 1758 or  Plectopylis Benson, 1860 for some time (Martens 1876; Schmacker and Boettger 1894; Pilsbry 1894). Pilsbry (1905) formally established its independent status.  Stegodera and  Traumatophora Ancey, 1887 were considered to be closely related, and  Traumatophora was once treated as a subgenus of  Stegodera (Pilsbry 1905; Gude 1920). Pilsbry (1905) believed that the two shallow grooves in the throat area of  Stegodera are likely to be homologous to the dentition in  Traumatophora . </p>
            <p> In light of the genital system,  Stegodera shares with  Nesiohelix the most important character states like the presences of flagellum, numerous tubes of mucous glands and the papilla distally leading to mucous glands on the inner wall of the accessory sac, and the absences of the epiphallic papilla, poly-layered structure in dart sac apparatus and membranous sac surrounding terminal genitalia (Wu 2019). The close relationship between them in genitalia is supported by the phylogenetic result of this work (Fig. 1A, B). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AA63B94AF093547F99D63E116AAE19D2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Zhe-Yu;Lyu, Zhi-Tong;Wu, Min	Chen, Zhe-Yu, Lyu, Zhi-Tong, Wu, Min (2021): Systematic revision of Stegodera Martens, 1876 (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora, Camaenidae), with description of a new genus. ZooKeys 1059: 1-21, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1059.68385, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1059.68385
