taxonID	type	description	language	source
8161878DC40DFFEAFEA1C5EC23BBFAB4.taxon	description	CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (Fig. 1 D, E): The anterior medial cells (am) are split deeply. Ventrolaterally of these two cell clusters the lateral protocerebrum emanates on each side running into the eye stalks. This part of the lateral protocerebrum most probably represents the medulla terminalis. There are no optic neuropils visible. Hemielipsoid bodies could also not be found. A more detailed analysis of the lateral protocerebrum was not possible, as shrinkage of the nervous tissue in the eye stalks occurred in all specimens studied (Fig. 2 B, C). In the median protocerebrum, a central body and a protocerebral bridge are easily discernible. Laterally in the deutocerebrum, small olfactory lobes with distinct antennal glomeruli are present (alg; Fig. 2 C). An olfactory globular tract could not be observed. A clear distinction between the tritocerebrum and the oesophageal connective is not possible as the strong antenna II nerves (an 2) lead off rather ventrally, where the brain is already split into a right and a left strand (Fig. 1 D). CIRCULATORY SYSTEM (Figs 1 A – C, F and 2 D – G): The central circulatory organ is the tubular heart. With a diameter of about 120 µm, it runs between the midgut and the dorsal cuticle from the posterior part of the cephalothorax to the 8 th thoracic segment (Fig. 2 A). It is formed by a weak myocardium that features spirally arranged muscle fibres that lie far away from each other (Fig. 2 A, G). Two pairs of incurrent ostia occur at the border of the 5 th− 6 th and the 7 th− 8 th thoracic segments (Fig. 2 F). Neither lateral cardiac arteries nor a posterior aorta emanate from the heart. A pericardial sinus is constricted by the dorsal diaphragm, which stretches through the whole trunk (dd; Fig. 2 D, G). Podo-pericardial sinuses run from the legs to the pericardium laterally in each thoracic segment (pp; Fig. 2 E). The transition of the heart to the anterior aorta is situated in the posterior part of the cephalothorax, directly above the invagination of the stomach dorsal piece (arrow; Fig. 1 F). Two vertical arranged flaps form a valve at this transition (Fig. 2 D). Here, the dorsal vessel has no contact to the dorsal stomach wall. The anterior aorta runs anteriorly, and bends around the anterior stomach wall widening to form a dilation. Laterally, at the bend, two vessels branch off that open at the lateral stomach wall (la; Fig. 1 A – C, F). Slightly anteriorly, a median vessel branches off the aorta making its way through the two anterior medial cell clusters. It is rather strong (diameter ∼ 45 µm) and bends ventrally around the brain (Fig. 1 F). Two pairs of arteries emanate from it: the first, at the anteriormost part of the pericerebral vessel, runs along the lateral protocerebrum into the eye stalks (oa); the second, further ventrally, runs into the first antennae (a 1). The aorta dilation converges and lies between the posterior side of the brain and the anterior oesophagus wall (Figs 1 C, F and 2 A). The two oesophageal dilator muscle pairs m 104 and m 103 (nomenclature after Scheloske, 1976) are inserted at the anterior oesophageal wall and run through the aorta dilation. This complex is therefore called ‘ myoarterial formation a’ (see the Discussion). Arteries branch off the dilation laterally through a channel between the median protocerebrum and the olfactory lobes. They unite with branches of the dilation and then run together with the antenna II nerves into these appendages. The dilation opens ventrally into the labral haemocoel.	en	Wirkner, Christian S., Richter, Stefan (2007): The circulatory system and its spatial relations to other major organ systems in Spelaeogriphacea and Mictacea (Malacostraca, Crustacea) - a three-dimensional analysis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 149 (4): 629-642, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00274.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00274.x
8161878DC40BFFE7FEC6C37C204CFAD5.taxon	description	CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (Fig. 4 B): different parts of the proto-, deuto- and tritocerebrum can be recognized. Although M. halope has neither eyes nor visual elements, only the optic neuropils are missing in the protocerebrum. In the lateral protocerebrum, two different neuropils are discernible, probably corresponding to the hemielipsoid bodies (hb) and the terminal medullae (Fig. 5 A, B). In the median protocerebrum a protocerebral bridge and a central body are distinct (cb; Fig. 5 A). No clear distinction of the anterior and posterior medial protocerebral neuropils could be made in the sections. The protocerebral bridge and the central body are surrounded by distinct neuropils. The anterior medial cells (am) are split by a deep sagittal groove (Figs 4 B and 5 A) into two lobes that protrude in a dorsal direction. In the deutocerebrum, voluminous olfactory lobes are present (ol; Figs 4 B and 5 A, B). They contain the olfactory glomeruli (alg), which are clearly visible as areas of densely packed cone-shaped structures (Fig. 5 B). An olfactory globular tract (ogt; Fig. 5 B) is present. The nerves for the first antennae emanate ventrally off the olfactory lobes and the deutocerebrum. In the tritocerebrum, the larger part is made up of the antenna II neuropil from which the nerves of the second antennae lead off. The brain is linked by the rather strong oesophageal connectives to the suboesophageal ganglion (Fig. 4 B). CIRCULATORY SYSTEM (Figs 3 A and 4 C – E): the tubular heart runs from the border between the cephalothorax and the 2 nd thoracic segment to the 5 th thoracic segment (Fig. 5 E). Its wall is thin and has only a few muscle fibres that are arranged spirally. In the 2 nd thoracic segment its diameter is ∼ 80 – 90 µm, narrowing down to ∼ 40 – 50 µm in the 5 th thoracic segment. It is equipped with a pair of incurrent ostia that lie in the 2 nd thoracic segment (Fig. 5 D, E). The lips of the ostia are thin and ∼ 15 µm long (Fig. 5 D). Neither posterior aorta nor cardiac arteries were observed. The dorsal diaphragm is thin and runs through the whole thorax. In each thoracic segment a podopericardial sinus leads into each thoracic leg. In the cephalothorax, the heart is continued by the anterior aorta. A valve, which is made up of two horizontal flaps that protrude into the lumen of the aorta, is located at the transition (va; Fig. 5 D). The aorta runs through the dorsal anterior pair of midgut glands, and is laterally compressed. It is suspended by connective tissue strands from the dorsal cuticle of the cephalothorax. At the level of the dorsal stomach dilator muscles m 116 (nomenclature after Scheloske, 1976), the aorta bends ventrally and then widens laterally forming a large dilation that directly lies against the stomach wall. This dilation has a vertical extension of ∼ 150 µm (∼ 30 µm deep, if not compressed, and ∼ 90 µm wide) and fills the space between the anterior stomach and oesophagus wall and the posterior front of the brain. Oesophageal dilator muscles run through this dilation (oed; Fig. 6; see the Discussion). In the centre of the deutocerebrum a median unpaired vessel emanates from the dilation. It runs into the brain and splits into four branches that curve back, thus supplying the brain with haemolymph (herein called brain artery, ba; Figs 4 C – E and 5 A, F). The ventral part of the aorta dilation is a complex vascular structure made up of channels and vessels that run around the brain (Fig. 4 C – E). Just ventral to the brain artery a broad vessel branches off running underneath the deutocerebrum in an anterior direction (arrow; Fig. 4 D). At the base of the first antennae, it splits to supply these appendages (Fig. 5 G). At the level of the brain artery a pair of arteries branches off the dilation laterally (arrows; Fig. 4 E). They run through a groove between the lateral part of the deutocerebrum and the medial parts of the olfactory lobes and, together with the second antennal nerves, pass into the second antennae (Figs 4 C – E and 5 B). From these vessels, at the base of the second antennae, a vessel emanates in a medio-posterior direction (arrows; Fig. 4 C), which fuses with the labral funnel (lv; Fig. 4 C, D). A direct supply to mouthparts could not be observed.	en	Wirkner, Christian S., Richter, Stefan (2007): The circulatory system and its spatial relations to other major organ systems in Spelaeogriphacea and Mictacea (Malacostraca, Crustacea) - a three-dimensional analysis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 149 (4): 629-642, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00274.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00274.x
