identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
3C1587DDD218FFFEFF1655C0FA8A353C.text	3C1587DDD218FFFEFF1655C0FA8A353C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lactarius sarthalanus Verma K., Uniyal, Sharma Y. P & Mehmood 2021	<div><p>Lactarius sarthalanus Verma K., Uniyal, Sharma Y.P &amp; Mehmood sp. nov. Figs. 2, 3</p> <p>MycoBank:—MB838921</p> <p>GenBank: MW578947, MW555577.</p> <p>Etymology:—“ sarthalanus ” (Lat.) refers to the type locality (Sarthal), Kathua, Jammu and Kashmir, India.</p> <p>Typification:— INDIA. Jammu and Kashmir: Kathua district, Sarthal, Bani, 9 September 2020, K. Verma, T. Mehmood, &amp; Y. P Sharma KV-LK013, (CAL 1838, holotype).</p> <p>Diagnosis:—Distinct from all the known species of L. subg. Plinthogalus by a combination of the following characters: light brown to dark brown pileus; yellowish white to brownish orange, crowded lamellae that bruise to deep orange when injured, with yellowish white margins; white latex turning pastel red on exposure; the absence of pleuromacrocystidia and cheilomacrocystidia, presence of abundant cheiloleptocystidia, a pileipellis and stipitipellis as trichopalisades, globose to subglobose basidiospores with ornamentation composed of ridges never forming a reticulum, and its occurrence in coniferous forests under Cedrus deodara.</p> <p>Description:— Pileus 35–55 mm diam., convex when young, plano-convex with slightly depressed centre when mature, surface smooth, dry, slightly rugulose, reddish blond (5C4) when young, light brown to dark brown (5D4–5), yellowish grey (4C3) towards centre; margin entire to undulate. Lamellae subdecurrent to broadly adnate, crowded (18–20/cm including lamellulae), 4–5 mm wide, yellowish white to light yellow (4A2–4) when young, light orange (5A5) to brownish orange (5C5) when mature, orange to deep orange (6A7–8) on bruising after 10–15 minutes, margins yellowish white (4A2); lamellulae numerous, unevenly distributed, 3–4 tiers. Stipe 40–65 × 6–13 mm, cylindrical, equal, sometimes tapering toward base, dry, central, brittle, concolorous with the pileus, sometimes white at base. Context yellowish white (4A2), pale to light orange (6A4–5) on exposure; stuffed in stipe, brownish red (8D7–8) in guaiacol, light yellowish in KOH and unchanging in FeSO 4; taste light acrid, odour mild. Latex moderately abundant, white, turning pastel red (8A4) on exposure. Spore print not obtained.</p> <p>Basidiospores 9–11.53–12.8 × 9–10.78–12 μm, (n = 40, Q = 1.0–1.04–1.10), globose to subglobose, amyloid, ornamentation composed of ridges (0.9–1.8 μm high) with entire to wavy edges, some shorter and irregular ridges are present in between main ridges, often with isolated warts, never forming a reticulum; plage distally amyloid. Basidia 55–81 × 16–19 μm, clavate to subclavate, hyaline, thin-walled, 2–4 spored; sterigmata 5–10 μm long. Pleuromacrocystidia absent. Pleuropseudocystidia abundant, 7–9 μm wide, emergent up to 17–37 μm, unbranched. Cheilomacrocystidia absent. Gill edge sterile. Cheiloleptocystidia abundant, 38–70 × 6–9 μm and emergent up to 22–40 μm, cylindrical to clavate, round apex; sometimes with swollen base, with one to two cells at the base. Hymenophoral trama composed of abundant lactifers, up to 10 µm wide. Pileipellis a trichopalisade, 48–110 µm thick; suprapellis 25–35 µm deep made up of cylindrical to subclavate cells with brown intracellular pigmentation; subpellis composed of cylindrical to subround cells. Stipitipellis a palisade to a trichopalisade, 38–55 µm thick; stipitipellis hyphae 6–8 µm wide, terminal cells with intracellular brown pigment. Clamp connections absent in all tissues.</p> <p>Habitat and distribution:—Solitary to scattered, on soil in coniferous forest dominated by Cedrus deodara.</p> <p>Specimens examined:— INDIA. Jammu and Kashmir: Kathua, Sarthal, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=79.787285&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.8325" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 79.787285/lat 32.8325)">Bani</a>, 2563 m elev., N 32 o 49.950ʹ E 079 o 47.237ʹ, 9 September 2020. K. Verma and Y. P. Sharma KV-LK013, KV-LK014.</p> <p>Notes:— Lactarius sarthalanus is characterized by its light to dark brown pileus bruising deep orange when damaged; yellowish white to brownish orange, crowded lamellae with yellowish white margins, turning deep orange when injured; latex white turning pastel red on exposure, the absence of pleuromacrocystidia and cheilomacrocystidia, presence of abundant cheiloleptocystidia, a pileipellis and stipitipellis as trichopalisades and globose to subglobose basidiospores with ornamentation composed of ridges never forming a reticulum. The light brown to dark brown pileus turning deep orange when cut or bruised with a smooth, dry, velvety and slightly rugulose pilear surface, absence of macrocystidia, presence of cheiloleptocystidia, a trichopalisadal pileipellis with dark brown pigmented hyphal elements undoubtedly place this species in L. subg. Plinthogalus.</p> <p>Phylogenetically, some European taxa, namely Lactarius acris, L. pterosporus, L. ruginosus, L. azonites are close to L. sarthalanus. They can be mistaken in the field due to their similar macromorphology (shape, colours of pileus and lamellae). However, L. acris, which is probably the closest known species (97–98% identity for 98% query coverage in BLAST search) to L. sarthalanus, can be differentiated by its creamy white to dark pinkish pileus, ixooedotrichodermal to ixotrichopalisadal pileipellis, an incomplete reticulum on the basidiospores and its fagaceous association. Lactarius pterosporus can be differentiated from L. sarthalanus by its olivaceous buff to dark greyish colour pileus, less abundant latex, subglobose to ellipsoid larger basidiospores (Q = 1.05–1.40, av. 1.09–1.21) with a spiral pattern of ridges forming an incomplete reticulum and occurrence under fagaceous trees. Lactarius ruginosus differs from our species by its crenate pileus margin, distant lamellae, basidiospores with a spiral pattern of ridges, never forming a reticulum, trichoepithelial pileipellis and its association with Fagus sp. and Carpinus sp. L. azonites can be segregated from L. sarthalanus by its pale ochraceous to clay-buff pileus with whitish stem, distant gills, basidiospores with incomplete reticulum, hyphoepithelium to trichoepithelium pileipellis and its ectomycorrhizal association with Quercus sp. (Heilmann-Clausen et al. 1998, Stubbe &amp; Verbeken 2012).</p> <p>Morphologically, Lactarius albidocinereus whichwasoriginallyreportedfromChina,alsoresembles L. sarthalanus in having a cream to greyish brown pileus, white latex turning reddish, and crowded lamellae that are orange to deep orange when bruised but the species differs in its broadly ellipsoid (Q 1.11–1.25, (1.16) basidiospores, trichoepithelial pileipellis, cutis-type stipitipellis and its occurrence under oaks (Shi et al. 2017).</p> <p>Lactarius pleuromacrocystidiatus Uniyal, K. Das &amp; R.P. Bhatt (2019: 8) (with GenBank acc. nos. MF405081, MG791871), an Indian species, is closely related to L. sarthalanus (Fig.1). Both species share some characteristics in the field in having light brown to brown basidiomata and white latex (Uniyal et al. 2019). However, L. pleuromacrocystidiatus can be easily differentiated by having a radially rugose pileus, white latex changing to pale greyish orange on the lamellae and yellow on the context, and the presence of hyaline pleuromacrocystidia.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3C1587DDD218FFFEFF1655C0FA8A353C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Verma, Komal;Mehmood, Tahir;Uniyal, Priyanka;Kapoor, Rupam;Sharma, Yash Pal	Verma, Komal, Mehmood, Tahir, Uniyal, Priyanka, Kapoor, Rupam, Sharma, Yash Pal (2021): Two new species of genus Lactarius (Russulaceae) from North-western Himalaya, India. Phytotaxa 500 (4): 253-265, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.500.4.1, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/80517890-682d-3717-9486-02f3478a6a52/
3C1587DDD21CFFF3FF165236FF6734AC.text	3C1587DDD21CFFF3FF165236FF6734AC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lactarius drassinus Verma K., Uniyal, Sharma Y. P & Mehmood 2021	<div><p>Lactarius drassinus Verma K., Uniyal, Sharma Y.P &amp; Mehmood, sp. nov. Figs. 5, 6</p> <p>MycoBank:—MB838922.</p> <p>GenBank:— MW581848, MW595906, MW624687.</p> <p>Diagnosis:—Distinct from Lactarius controversus by the combination of the following characters: dull white to greyish brown pileus, decurrent to subdecurrent lamellae; copious, white latex; mild taste; broadly ellipsoid to elongate basidiospores (8.0–11.5 × 5.5–8.0 μm) with a complete reticulum type as ornamentation composed of ridges (0.8 μm high); moderate to abundant pleuromacrocystidia (54–74 × 5–7.5 μm) mostly embedded in the hymenium layer; very few cheilocystidia.</p> <p>Etymology:—“ drassinus ” (Lat.) refers to the type locality Drass, Ladakh, India.</p> <p>Typification:— INDIA. Ladakh: Kargil district, Drass, 12 September 2020, T. Mehmood, K. Verma &amp; Y. P Sharma TM / KV/YPS 20-001 (CAL 1837, holotype).</p> <p>Description:— Pileus 60–130 mm diam., convex to plano-convex with broadly depressed centre, gradually becoming infundibuliform; surface smooth, dry, shiny, dull white to smoke grey (3C2), brownish grey (4D2), turning slightly pinkish white (7A2), faintly zonate; sometimes with white tomentum when young, never peeling easily; sometimes cracked towards the margin, brittle in consistency; margin inrolled to incurved. Gills 2–4 mm broad, decurrent to subdecurrent, rather crowded (10–13/cm including lamellulae), rarely anastomosing, reddish grey (7B2), pinkish white (8A2), edges entire; lamellulae present in 3–4 lengths. Stipe 16–40 × 20–30 mm, central, cylindrical, sometimes slightly swollen at the base, dry, white to dull white. Context moderately thick at pileus, white, solid in stipe, turning yellowish white (1A2), 3% KOH, deep red (10C8) with guaiac, olive (1E3–4) with FeSO 4. Latex copious, white, unchanging, greyish yellow (2C4–5) with KOH. Taste mild. Odour pleasant.</p> <p>Basidiospores 8.0–9.2–11.5 × 5.5–6.7–8.0 μm (n = 40, Q = 1.06–1.38–1.66), broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, composed of irregular ridges (up 0.8 μm high) and some warts forming an almost complete reticulum, sometimes with little isolated warts; hilar plage inamyloid. Basidia 34.4–57 × 9.4–11 μm, clavate to subclavate, hyaline, thin-walled, 4-spored; sterigmata 4.3–6 × 0.5–1 μm. Pleuromacrocystidia moderate to abundant, 54–74 × 5–7.5 μm, emergent up to 4–9 μm, mostly embedded in the hymenium layer, sublanceolate, subfusiform, moniliform, acuminate to subobtuse apices. Gill edge sterile. Cheiloleptocystidia 29–38 × 5–6 μm, emergent up to 10–18 μm. Cheilomacrocystidia scarce, 35–50 × 4.0–5.0 μm, subfusiform, obtuse apex. Pseudocystidia 4–6 μm wide, emergent up to 5–7 μm, cylindrical to tortuous, sometimes acute at apex, moderate to abundant. Hymenophoral trama composed of abundant lactifers and sphaerocytes with connecting hyphae and 40–60 μm thick. Pileipellis up to 145–163 μm thick, an ixocutis, composed of loosely interwoven thin-walled, septate, branched, repent hyphae (3–4 μm wide) under a very thin layer of gluten (10–15 μm) having abundant lactifers. Stipitipellis up to 54–90 μm thick, an ixocutis composed of interwoven, septate, thin-walled hyphae under a very thin layer of gluten; hyphae 3–5 μm wide. Clamp connections absent in all tissues.</p> <p>Habitat and distribution:—Solitary to scattered, growing in associations with Salix alba and Populus sp.</p> <p>Specimens examined:— INDIA. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=75.745865&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.426666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 75.745865/lat 34.426666)">Ladakh</a>, Kargil, Drass, 3117 m elev., “ N 34°25ʹ 36. E 75°44ʹ 45. 13, 12 September 2020. T. Mehmood, K. Verma and Y. P Sharma, TM /KV/YPS 20-001, TM /KV/YPS 20-002, TM /KV/YPS 20-003.</p> <p>Notes:— Lactarius drassinus is characterized by its dull white to greyish brown, faintly zonate pileus; decurrent to subdecurrent, rather crowded, pinkish white lamellae; copious, white latex, mild taste; broadly ellipsoid to elongate basidiospores (8.0–11.5 × 5.5–8.0 μm) with ornamentations composed of ridges (0.8 μm high) and warts forming an almost complete reticulum; moderate to abundant pleuromacrocystidia (54–74 × 5–7.5 μm) mostly embedded in the hymenium layer; very scarce cheilomacrocystidia, ixocutis-type pileipellis composed of loosely interwoven thin-walled hyphae. The presence of a less viscid to dry, faintly zonate pileus, pinkish white lamellae; ixocutis-type pileipellis and stipitipellis place this species, morphologically, in L. section Zonarii Quel. (Heilmann-Clausen et al. 1998).</p> <p>Lactarius drassinus resembles Lactarius controversus which was originally reported from Europe. However, the presence of a viscid to greasy pileus surface, adnate to slightly decurrent lamellae, pale cream to dark pinkish discoloration of stipe, acrid taste and smaller (5.8–8.5 × 4.2–5.9 um) basidiospores with shorter ridges (0.5 μm high) and rather scarce pleuromacrocystidia in L. controversus separate it from L. drassinus (Heilmann-Clausen et al. 1998).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3C1587DDD21CFFF3FF165236FF6734AC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Verma, Komal;Mehmood, Tahir;Uniyal, Priyanka;Kapoor, Rupam;Sharma, Yash Pal	Verma, Komal, Mehmood, Tahir, Uniyal, Priyanka, Kapoor, Rupam, Sharma, Yash Pal (2021): Two new species of genus Lactarius (Russulaceae) from North-western Himalaya, India. Phytotaxa 500 (4): 253-265, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.500.4.1, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/80517890-682d-3717-9486-02f3478a6a52/
