taxonID	type	description	language	source
947087F5FF87F217FF3BF8B9D0CAFAA8.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — CHINA. Yunnan: Dongchuan County, Tangdan Town, elev. 1850 m, 26 ° 07 ’ 56.43 ” N, 103 ° 01 ’ 44.08 ” E, in valley under the broadleaved forest, 8 May 2017, Z. - L. Liang, L. - P. Kong, H. - C. Wang & Z. - R. He LZL 1293 (holotype PYU!; isotype CDBI!). Diagnosis: — Polystichum dongchuanense is most similar to P. acutidens Christ (1902: 59 – 260) in plant size and pinna size, but the former has oblong-lanceolate pinnae with biserrate margins, and its fertile pinnae have fewer (1 – 5) sori that are terminal at the upper part of pinnae, whereas the latter has falcate pinnae with serrate margins, and its fertile pinnae have more (18 – 30) sori that are distributed on whole fertile pinnae. Plants perennial, evergreen, (35 –) 40 – 45 cm tall. Rhizomes erect, ca. 3 cm long, ca. 1.5 cm in diam., with remnant bases of old petioles; roots dull brown when dried, up to 10 cm long, ca. 0.5 mm in diam. Leaves in tufts; petioles 8 – 12.5 cm long, 1.5 – 2 mm diam, stramineous basal portions covered with scales; proximal petiole scales ovate to ovatelanceolate, 1.5 – 3 × 1 – 1.5 mm, papery, dull brown or brown, margins weakly fimbriate, apex acuminate, cells rectangular in the middle, twisted in the margins; distal petiole scales ovate-lanceolate, 0.8 – 1.2 × 0.4 – 0.8 mm, membranous, margins weakly fimbriate, apex long-acuminate or caudate. Laminae lanceolate, abaxially dark green, adaxially light green; 1 - pinnate, 30 – 32 cm long, 4 – 4.6 cm wide, apex acuminate; rachises ca. 1 mm in diam., stramineous, adaxially sulcate; rachis scales ovate or ovate-lanceolate, light brown, up to 1 mm long including tip, 0.5 mm wide at base, margins fimbriate, apex long-caudate; or scales bristle-like, ca 1 mm long, margins entire and fimbriate at base. Pinnae in 28 – 35 pairs, alternate, separate from each other, 3 – 5 mm distance, oblong lanceolate, base cuneiform, margins biserrate, apex acuminate, papery, maximal pinnae 2.3 – 2.5 × 0.5 – 0.8 cm, basal pinnae narrowing down and basal 1 pair reflexed, largest pinnae located at middle or above middle part of lamina, proximal margins not overlapping rachis, acroscopic and basiscopic margins with cartilaginous, undulate or irregularly toothed, forming a (60 –) 70 – 90 ° angle with rachis, apex acuminate; basal pinnae undulate or entire on margins, obtuse at apex; pinna petioles 0.5 – 1 mm long; adaxially glabrous; abaxially with microscales; microscales broad-type, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, or lanceolate, whitish brown, 0.5 – 1 (– 1.5) mm long, 0.15 – 0.45 mm wide at base, margins fimbriate; costa sunken adaxially and protruding abaxially, veins obscure and invisible on adaxial side, bulgy and thickened on abaxial side, lateral veins free, forked. All pinnae are fertile excluding 5 – 8 pairs at base; sori terminal on lateral veins of fertile pinnae, ca. 1 mm in diam., in the middle of the margins and midrib or slightly closer to pinna margins, 1 – 3 on acroscopic side and 0 – 1 on distal basiscopic side, centers 1 mm apart from one another. Indusia peltate, orbicular, margins erose; 64 spores per sporangium, perispores fine-granulate. Geographical distribution: — Polystichum dongchuanense is only found in Dongchuan Country, Yunnan Province, and may represent an endemic species to Central Yunnan.	en	Liang, Zhen-Long, He, Zhao-Rong, Zhang, Li-Bing (2021): Polystichum dongchuanense and P. menglaense (subg. Haplopolystichum; Dryopteridaceae), two new ferns from Yunnan, China. Phytotaxa 479 (1): 114-120, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.479.1.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.479.1.9
947087F5FF87F217FF3BF8B9D0CAFAA8.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology: — Polystichum dongchuanense was observed to grow on limestone rocks under the broad-leaved forest, at an elevation of 1850 m. IUCN Red List category: — Only one population with about 15 individuals of Polystichum dongchuanense were found in Dongchuan. Based on current information and following the IUCN (The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) guidelines (IUCN, 2017), this new species should be classified as Critically Endangered (CR).	en	Liang, Zhen-Long, He, Zhao-Rong, Zhang, Li-Bing (2021): Polystichum dongchuanense and P. menglaense (subg. Haplopolystichum; Dryopteridaceae), two new ferns from Yunnan, China. Phytotaxa 479 (1): 114-120, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.479.1.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.479.1.9
947087F5FF87F217FF3BF8B9D0CAFAA8.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The species epithet is based on the Chinese pinyin, dongchuan, the county name in central Yunnan, and the Latin suffix - ense, of origin, referring to the type locality and the current known distribution of the species in Dongchuan County, Yunnan. Its Chinese name is suggested as ‘ 东Lj耳蕨 (dong chuan er jue) ’. Notes: — In addition to the macromorphological distinctness, the perispore ornamentation of Polystichum dongchuanense is fine-granulate and without ridges (Fig. 1 F), which is quite striking. We did not find any species in the genus whose perispore morphology is known with the same perispore ornamentation (Huang 1981, Tryon & Tryon 1982, Xiang 1992, Zhang & Kung 1994, Zhang & He 2010, 2011, 2012, Zhang et al. 2010, He & Zhang 2011, 2012, Luo et al. 2012, Han et al. 2016, 2018, Pallawatn et al. 2020). The perispore ornamentation of a number of species in Polystichum is still unknown. It is also little known about the relationships between the perispore ornamentation and phylogeny in the genus.	en	Liang, Zhen-Long, He, Zhao-Rong, Zhang, Li-Bing (2021): Polystichum dongchuanense and P. menglaense (subg. Haplopolystichum; Dryopteridaceae), two new ferns from Yunnan, China. Phytotaxa 479 (1): 114-120, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.479.1.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.479.1.9
947087F5FF84F211FF3BFACBD53BFCF4.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — CHINA. Yunnan: Mengla County, Mengyuan Town, elev. 700 m, 21 ° 42 ’ 43.50 ” N, 101 ° 22 ’ 50.87 ” E, on rocks in shade, 8 August 2018, Z. - L. Liang, D. Wang LZL 1294 (holotype PYU!; isotype PYU!). Diagnosis: — Polystichum menglaense is most similar to P. deltodon (Baker 1880: 494) Diels (1899: 191) in plant size, but the former has oblong-lanceolate pinnae with a rounded apex, and sori are terminal at the upper part, whereas the latter has deltoid-lanceolate pinnae with an acuminate apex, and sori are distributed on whole fertile pinnae Plants perennial, evergreen, (20 –) 25 – 28 cm tall. Rhizomes erect, ca. 2 cm long, ca. 1.2 cm in diam.; roots dark when dried, up to 10 cm long, ca. 0.3 mm in diam. Leaves in tufts; petioles 5 – 7 cm long, ca. 0.8 - 1 mm in diam, stramineous basal portions covered with scales; proximal petiole scales ovate, 1 – 2 × 0.7 – 1.2 mm, membranous to papery, brown, margins irregular, apex acuminate, cells rectangular in the middle, twisted in the margins; distal petiole scales ovate-lanceolate, 0.8 – 1.2 × 0.4 – 0.8 mm, membranous, margins fimbriate, apex long-acuminate or caudate. Laminae lanceolate, abaxially green, adaxially light green; 1 - pinnate, 18 – 20 cm long, 3 – 3.5 cm wide, apex acuminate; rachises ca. 0.7 mm in diam., stramineous brown, adaxially sulcate; rachis scales narrow lanceolate, light brown, up to 0.8 mm long including tip, 0.3 mm wide at base, margins fimbriate, apex long-caudate. Pinnae in 26 pairs, alternate, separate from each other, 1 – 3 mm distance, oblong lanceolate, basal cuneiform, margins sinus, apex acuminate, papery, maximal pinnae 2.1 – 2.4 × 0.4 – 0.6 cm, basal pinnae narrowing toward lamina base and basal 1 pair reflexed, largest pinnae located at middle part of lamina, proximal margins slightly overlapping rachis, upward, forming a 70 ° angle with rachis; pinna petioles invisible; adaxially glabrous; abaxially with microscales; microscales narrowly lanceolate, whitish brown, margins entire; costa sunken abaxially and protruding adaxially, veins obscure and invisible on adaxial side, bulgy and thickened on abaxial side, lateral veins free, forked. All but basal 5 – 8 pairs of pinnae fertile; sori terminal on lateral veins, ca. 1 mm in diam., in the middle between pinna margins and midribs or slightly closer to pinna margins, 1 – 3 on acroscopic side and 0 – 1 on distal basiscopic side, centers 2 – 3 mm apart from one another. Indusia peltate, orbicular, margins erose. Perispore ornamentation unknown. Geographical distribution: — Polystichum menglaense is only found in Mengla County, Yunnan Province, and may represent an endemic species to southern Yunnan.	en	Liang, Zhen-Long, He, Zhao-Rong, Zhang, Li-Bing (2021): Polystichum dongchuanense and P. menglaense (subg. Haplopolystichum; Dryopteridaceae), two new ferns from Yunnan, China. Phytotaxa 479 (1): 114-120, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.479.1.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.479.1.9
947087F5FF84F211FF3BFACBD53BFCF4.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology: — Polystichum menglaense was observed to grow on limestone rocks under tropical rain forest, at an elevation of about 700 m. IUCN Red List category: — Only one population of Polystichum menglaense was found in Mengla. Based on current information and following the IUCN (The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) guidelines (IUCN, 2017), this new species should be classified as Critically Endangered (CR).	en	Liang, Zhen-Long, He, Zhao-Rong, Zhang, Li-Bing (2021): Polystichum dongchuanense and P. menglaense (subg. Haplopolystichum; Dryopteridaceae), two new ferns from Yunnan, China. Phytotaxa 479 (1): 114-120, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.479.1.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.479.1.9
947087F5FF84F211FF3BFACBD53BFCF4.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The species epithet is based on the Chinese pinyin, mengla, the county name in southern Yunnan, and the Latin suffix - ense, of origin, referring to the type locality and the current known distribution of the species in Mengla County, Yunnan. The Chinese name is suggested as ‘ © 腊耳蕨 (meng la er jue) ’. Notes: — In Mengla, the southernmost part of Yunnan, there are only three species belonging to Polystichum sect. Haplopolystichum: P. acutidens, P. paradeltodon L. L. Xiang (1994: 265), and the new species being described here. Polystichum menglaense is distinguishable from P. acutidens by having rounded pinna apices (vs. acute pinna apices) and different from P. paradeltodon by having oblong-lanceolate pinnae (vs. oblong pinnae) and partially fertile frond (vs. fully fertile frond). Both Polystichum menglaense and P. paradeltodon are calciphiles and very rare in Mengla, Yunnan, whereas P. acutidens grows in both acidic and basic soils and is more common.	en	Liang, Zhen-Long, He, Zhao-Rong, Zhang, Li-Bing (2021): Polystichum dongchuanense and P. menglaense (subg. Haplopolystichum; Dryopteridaceae), two new ferns from Yunnan, China. Phytotaxa 479 (1): 114-120, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.479.1.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.479.1.9
